Pakistani Print Media Research Articles

Development News in Print Media of Pakistan: The Case of Urdu and English Press

This research was aimed to explore the coverage of development related news in Pakistani print media. To analyze the coverage, two leading newspapers of Pakistan- daily Dawn and daily Jang were selected by the researchers. Both are leading newspapers of Urdu and English language. The study is based on content analysis with a purposive sampling technique. All development news appearing on front, back and inner pages of newspapers were analyzed. The period for selection of news was from November 1st, 2018 to December 31st 2018. In this study, all those news are unit of analysis which deal with the core issue of development in any form. Results indicate that during that period overall 572 news stories appeared in newspapers out of which 271 appeared in Urdu newspapers and 301 appeared in English newspapers. It was explored that most published news was about the infrastructure category of development (20.09%). It was also revealed that the least number of stories (2.75%) appeared on the front pages of the newspapers. It was found that overall 9.09% news stories were accompanied by images. Results indicate that the English press provided more space to development news than Urdu newspapers.

Healthcare Service Delivery News in Pakistani Print Media: A Comparative Analysis of Daily Jang and Daily Dawn

Health conditions in Pakistan are very bad. Government and non-governmental organizations are trying to meet international standard of health services. Some healthcare providers are educated, trained and certified from the government but some are unqualified and not certified. In this research two national newspapers are analyzed the daily Jang Urdu and the daily Dawn English. These newspapers cover healthcare services such as indoor patient, outdoor patient maternity and other health services in news stories. These services are also seen in the Literature Review. The researcher analyzed on coverage of healthcare in newspapers the daily Jang and the daily Dawn. This research has been performed by using content analysis technique under quantitative methodology. Media agenda setting theory was adopted in the theoretical framework as in the literature review. The statistical analyses of data analysis have been done in the form of frequency distribution and correlation analysis. SPSS is used to analyze the content of data. The results show that daily Jang is giving more coverage to health-related news stories than daily Dawn.

Power Struggle Between Supreme Court and the Government: Ideological Role of Pakistani Print Media in Representation of Swiss Letter Issue

Newspaper headlines constitute an essential part of media discourse, which is an important field of research in Discourse and Communication Studies. Particularly, certain features of news headlines and their role in observing and directing readers’ attention have made the interface between linguistic analysis of newspaper headlines and the opinion building of the readership. In order to explore the ideological role of print media in representation of Swiss Letter Issue which resulted nullification of an elected prime minister of Pakistan by Supreme Court and the next PM of the same political party was also facing the same challenge. Three widely distributed English newspapers (The News International, DAWN and The Nation) have been selected using purposive sampling technique. Designated time ranges between 1st July 2012 and 31st December 2012, very significant pre-election period in Pakistan. To find the coverage given to the issue by the selected newspapers, total 319 related headlines were found. The data were selected through simple random sampling technique. The obtained data has been analysed by using Faiclough’s three-dimenional model of critical discourse analysis, and simple statistical analysis as well. The findings of the study indicate that print media of Pakistan used manipulative strategies in construction of headlines on Swiss Letter Issue and represented the issue in a biased manner.

Ditransitive Verbs: An English Print Media based Comparison of Pakistani English and British English

The present study highlights the ditransitive complementation between Pakistani English (PE) and British English (BE). The ditransitive verb complementation allows double objects in a sentence i.e. indirect object and direct object. Since the current study uses qualitative research methodology, a sample of 48 statements selected from these Pakistani Print Media sources: one newspaper, six daily magazines and two weekly magazines; eventually, 8 statements out of the 48 statements were only found suitable. Although, the findings of the present paper may be generalized as per the nature of study. Moreover, the retrieved data is analyzed in correspondence with the three patterns of ditransitive complementation of BE as introduced by Rahman (1990). Finally, the findings of the current study showed that PE utilizes infinitive phrase at the place of direct object; in view of second pattern PE leaves out indirect object and that clause remains the same between the two mentioned Englishes. Hence, in view of the third and last pattern, PE applies to infinitive in the place of indirect object and prepositional idiom. The study, hereby, has been successful in identifying the ditransitive complementation deviations between PE and BE.

A Critical Discourse Analysis of Rhetorical Devices Used in Advertisements of Beauty Products in Pakistani Print Media

The primarily focus of advertising is to persuade the customers. In other words advertising aims to capture the attention of customers and convince them to buy the products by using different persuasive techniques. Beauty products are become the fundamental need of every man and women because everyone wants to be look beautiful also wants to have their spouse to be attractive. Rhetorical devices or rhetoric techniques in advertisements play a vital role to persuade viewers. The current study has also focused on rhetorical devices used in the advertisements of beauty products in Pakistani print media. The researcher’s aim was to examine the rhetorical devices used by advertisers in order to capture the attention of customers and also to investigate the representation of gender in beauty products advertisements that control the mind of mind and persuade them to purchase the products. For this purpose, the study has used Critical Discourse Analysis as a research tool. The research was qualitative in nature. Data was collected from beauty products advertisements and these advertisements were taken from print media. Print advertisements were collected from 3 Dawn English magazines and 3 Mag English magazines over a period of three months (April to June 2018). By using systematic random sampling the researcher selected twenty four (24) advertisements (twelve of each gender) from total population as a sample. The data was analyzed through Rhetorical Structure Theory proposed by Mann and Thompson (1988). The findings reveal that hyperbole is the most used rhetorical device. Moreover, alliteration and analogy also frequently used in beauty products advertisements. The researcher also observed that the representation of gender in beauty products are more persuasive and tactic. The advertisers used the representation of celebrities in order to motivate the viewers and to sell their products. The study also concluded that the frequently used relations from subject matter relations are: Elaboration and Explanation and from presentational relations are: Motivation and Evidence. Keywords: Rhetorical Devices, Advertisements, Gender analysis, Pakistani print media. DOI : 10.7176/JLLL/53-03

CDA of Rhetorical Devices Used in Advertisements of Beauty Products in Pakistani Print Media

The primarily focus of advertising is to persuade the customers. In other words advertising aims to capture the attention of customers and convince them to buy the products by using different persuasive techniques. Beauty products are become the fundamental need of every man and women because everyone wants to be look beautiful also wants to have their spouse to be attractive. Rhetorical devices or rhetoric techniques in advertisements play a vital role to persuade viewers. The current study has also focused on rhetorical devices used in the advertisements of beauty products in Pakistani print media. The researcher’s aim was to examine the rhetorical devices used by advertisers in order to capture the attention of customers and also to investigate the representation of gender in beauty products advertisements that control the mind of mind and persuade them to purchase the products. For this purpose, the study has used Critical Discourse Analysis as a research tool. The research was qualitative in nature. Data was collected from beauty products advertisements and these advertisements were taken from print media. Print advertisements were collected from 3 Dawn English magazines and 3 Mag English magazines over a period of three months (April to June 2018). By using systematic random sampling the researcher selected twenty four (24) advertisements (twelve of each gender) from total population as a sample. The data was analyzed through Rhetorical Structure Theory proposed by Mann and Thompson (1988). The findings reveal that hyperbole is the most used rhetorical device. Moreover, alliteration and analogy also frequently used in beauty products advertisements. The researcher also observed that the representation of gender in beauty products are more persuasive and tactic. The advertisers used the representation of celebrities in order to motivate the viewers and to sell their products. The study also concluded that the frequently used relations from subject matter relations are: Elaboration and Explanation and from presentational relations are: Motivation and Evidence. Keywords: Rhetorical Devices, Advertisements, Gender analysis, Pakistani print media. DOI : 10.7176/NMMC/77-03

CDA of Rhetorical Devices Used in Advertisements of Beauty Products in Pakistani Print Media

CDA of Rhetorical Devices Used in Advertisements of Beauty Products in Pakistani Print Media

Ditransitive Verbs: An English Print Media based Comparison of Pakistani English and British English

The present study highlights the ditransitive complementation between Pakistani English (PE) and British English (BE). The ditransitive verb complementation allows double objects in a sentence i.e. indirect object and direct object. Since the current study uses qualitative research methodology, a sample of 48 statements selected from these Pakistani Print Media sources: one newspaper, six daily magazines and two weekly magazines; eventually, 8 statements out of the 48 statements were only found suitable. Although, the findings of the present paper may be generalized as per the nature of study. Moreover, the retrieved data is analyzed in correspondence with the three patterns of ditransitive complementation of BE as introduced by Rahman (1990). Finally, the findings of the current study showed that PE utilizes infinitive phrase at the place of direct object; in view of second pattern PE leaves out indirect object and that clause remains the same between the two mentioned Englishes. Hence, in view of the third and last pattern, PE applies to infinitive in the place of indirect object and prepositional idiom. The study, hereby, has been successful in identifying the ditransitive complementation deviations between PE and BE

CREATIVE MARGINALIZATION OF GENDER: A DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF ADVERTISEMENTS IN PAKISTANI NEWSPAPERS

Creative industries have been considered crucial to the economic well-being of any country. Besides the economy, the advertising industry has been investigated in West for its influence on the minds of its consumers. Pakistan has a diversity of culture and impact of creative industries on common people is not studied yet. The present study analyses the advertising discourse to explore gender construction through language and visuals in Pakistani print media. The sample includes four national English newspapers collected over a period of one month. An asymmetrical and stereotypical portrayal of women emerges from discourse analysis. Along with gender-specific language, images are constructed to render women marginalised as compared to men in Pakistani society. Results imply that creative industries have a potential to exert an ever-lasting impact on mass-mind but have become a tool in the hands of influential people.

Return of Afghans from Pakistan: Linguistic and Visual Portrayal in the International and Pakistani print Media

The majority of news items on Afghan immigrants in the International press refer to their arrival in different countries, and amongst them Pakistan is at the top, during and after the invasion of Soviet Union in 1979. However, the focus of this study is the return of Afghan immigrants from Pakistan in last six years. This study reports the linguistic and pictorial representation of the return of Afghan immigrants to their homeland from Pakistan. Three types of Van Leeuwen’s (2008, p.5) descriptive social network models are applied. Van Leeuwen’ models help to critically scrutinize the whole process in terms of linguistic and visual discourse analysis. It is found that in international news media tend to project superficially on the return of Afghan refugees with their own perspective, while in Pakistani print media, there are mixed reactions about the refugees. Also, the paper timely contributes to the knowledge about the Afghan refugees, who mostly do not want to go back to their homeland but they are forced to do so due to the wave of terrorism and conflict between Pakistan and Afghanistan governments.

Ditransitive Verbs: An English Print Media based Comparison of Pakistani English and British English

The present study highlights the ditransitive complementation between Pakistani English (PE) and British English (BE). The ditransitive verb complementation allows double objects in a sentence i.e. indirect object and direct object. Since the current study uses qualitative research methodology, a sample of 48 statements selected from these Pakistani Print Media sources: one newspaper, six daily magazines and two weekly magazines; eventually, 8 statements out of the 48 statements were only found suitable. Although, the findings of the present paper may be generalized as per the nature of study. Moreover, the retrieved data is analyzed in correspondence with the three patterns of ditransitive complementation of BE as introduced by Rahman (1990). Finally, the findings of the current study showed that PE utilizes infinitive phrase at the place of direct object; in view of second pattern PE leaves out indirect object and that clause remains the same between the two mentioned Englishes. Hence, in view of the third and last pattern, PE applies to infinitive in the place of indirect object and prepositional idiom. The study, hereby, has been successful in identifying the ditransitive complementation deviations between PE and BE

Return of Afghans from Pakistan: Linguistic and Visual Portrayal in the International and Pakistani print Media

The majority of news items on Afghan immigrants in the International press refer to their arrival in different countries, and amongst them Pakistan is at the top, during and after the invasion of Soviet Union in 1979. However, the focus of this study is the return of Afghan immigrants from Pakistan in last six years. This study reports the linguistic and pictorial representation of the return of Afghan immigrants to their homeland from Pakistan. Three types of Van Leeuwen’s (2008, p.5) descriptive social network models are applied. Van Leeuwen’ models help to critically scrutinize the whole process in terms of linguistic and visual discourse analysis. It is found that in international news media tend to project superficially on the return of Afghan refugees with their own perspective, while in Pakistani print media, there are mixed reactions about the refugees. Also, the paper timely contributes to the knowledge about the Afghan refugees, who mostly do not want to go back to their homeland but they are forced to do so due to the wave of terrorism and conflict between Pakistan and Afghanistan governments.

Gender Representation In Pakistani Print Media: A Critical Analysis

The key objective of this study was to examine the representations of men and women in print media in Pakistan. Gender role stereotyping and sexism in print media is not a low-profile gender issue as printed communication and contents still hold an important place in contemporary digital world. Keeping in view the importance of newspapers as the leading source of credible content/messages, this paper examined gender stereotyping and sexism in print media in Pakistan and attempted to highlight whether print media reproduces or challenges gender stereotypes and sexism? Keeping in view the complexity of sexism in print media, content and discourse analyses were performed on four widely read national news papers. The findings have been placed within the socio-cultural context of Pakistani society and feminists theories. The study’s findings indicated that print media in Pakistan reinforces gender stereotypes and provide little challenge to gender stereotyped imagery of males and females.

Portrayal of Punjab Emergency Service Rescue 1122 in Leading Ur du Media of Pakistan (A Content Analysis of News Coverage of Nawai waqt and Express)

This research aims to measure the Portrayal of the leading Pakistani Print Media pertaining to the image of Punjab Emergency Service (Rescue 1122) in view of the public opinion. This research paper also analyzes the image of aforesaid emergency service and may further show concern of elite Pakistani Urdu Media including Daily “Nawaiwaqt” and Daily “Express” regarding Rescue 1122, Punjab. The researchers have adopted Content Analysis as a quantitative research methodology. The data was collected through coding sheet from 2011–12. The data was analysed through Special Package for Social Science to ensure possible objectivity in the findings of the research and to minimize any type of ambiguity. The results have endorsed that the Pakistani Urdu Media has positively portrayed Rescue 1122. The findings of this research project have further endorsed that the chosen Urdu newspapers have given positive and neutral press coverage regarding Punjab Emergency Service as compared to negative news coverage. In short, the news coverage of both Urdu newspapers “Nawaiwaqt” and “Express” have shown Pakistani leading Urdu Media has positive tendency towards image and the role of emergency services delivery of the said Emergency Service in Punjab-Pakistan. Similarly, the findings of the study also strengthened the thesis that assumed as Daily Express gives more positive coverage as compared to Nawaiwaqt. Both of the newspapers also gave more positive and neutral coverage to the news related to emergency service–Rescue 1122 –published on all pages said newspapers.

Language In Pakistani Crime Reporting: Use Of Gender Specific Adjectives

Newspapers use language as a tool to create power structures based on gender; and it is through specific vocabulary that they present men and women as different stereotypes in the society. Through language choices not only men and women are presented as different but also as unequal: the former is powerful while the later is powerless, the former is independent while the later is dependant. The present paper attempts to analyze news reporting in the Pakistani print media with special focus on the relationship between gender and language used in crime report headings. It is examined how gender specific adjectives are used to create the reality of women as weak, subdued, and submissive; while men are projected as empowered, dominant and authoritative. Out of the selected four newspapers two are English (Dawn and The News) while two are Urdu (Jang and Khabrain). From these newspapers the headings of crime reports that project the relationship between gender and choice of adjectives, have been sorted out and analyzed under two categories: category ‘A’ deals with adjectives used for men while category ‘B’ deals with adjectives used for women.

Self-Censorship In The Pakistani Print Media

Though there is no formally enforced press censorship in Pakistan, journalists have been indirectly forced to curtail their reporting due to various external reasons. This article examines the print media's potential role in Pakistan and identifies the direct external causes of self-censorship such as unofficial government controls, the oligopolistic newspaper ownership structure, the legal system and the lack of security for journalists. In addition, the paper looks at specific structural characteristics of the Pakistani print media that have created an environment for self-censorship to thrive, namely the reach and accessibility of the print media and the isolation of the Pakistani journalist from the international community. Finally, the paper puts forth three strategic recommendations to address the problem of self-censorship, first, legal reform to create an environment conducive to free journalism; second, ownership reform to increase plurality and create free market competition in the newspaper industry; and third, development of a self-regulating, professional Pakistani journalist association.