Test For Paired Samples Research Articles

Feasibility Analysis of Large Red Chili (Capsicum Annum L.) Farming in Tawangargo, Karangploso, Malang, Indonesia, Across Wet and Dry Seasons

This study investigates the financial feasibility of large red chili (Capsicum annum L.) farming during both the rainy and dry seasons in Tawangargo, Karangploso, Malang, Indonesia. Many farmers in this region do not thoroughly evaluate the costs and revenues associated with their farming practices, leading to uncertainty regarding the financial feasibility of large red chili farming. The primary aim of this research is to assess the financial feasibility of such farming practices across seasons and to compare their financial viability. The research employs the analysis of the Revenue-to-Cost (R/C) ratio and a paired sample t-test to evaluate the financial feasibility of large red chili farming. Our findings reveal that large red chili farming in both rainy and dry seasons is financially feasible. The R/C ratio for the rainy season is 2.12, and for the dry season, it is 1.51, both of which exceed the critical threshold of 1, indicating the financial feasibility of farming and developing large red chili in this region. The results of the Paired Sample Test demonstrate significant differences in the financial feasibility of large red chili farming between the rainy and dry seasons in Tawangargo, Karangploso, Malang, Indonesia. The average of income per-hectare for large red chili farming is IDR 101,573,764 during the rainy season and IDR 45,393,331 during the dry season.

THE INFLUENCE OF USING MAKE A MATCH TECHNIQUE TOWARDS STUDENTS’ SPEAKING ABILITY

This research is aimed to know the influence of using make a match technique towards students’ speaking ability at Eight Grade of SMPN 3 Kaduhejo. The researcher would like to find the formulation of the problem about Speaking Ability at eight grades of SMPN 3 Kaduhejo. In this research, researcher used Quantitative research in implementing the quasi experimental design as the research method. The sample that was used in this research was the students of VIII A as the experimental class and VIII B as the control class. Researcher used 47 students as a sample from both of classes. Researcher used SPSS Version 25 to find out the result Pretest and Posttest. Based on the result of the research there was a positive influnece towards students speaking ability which was taught by applying make a match technique. It can be seen from the result of independent samples test that students who were taught by using Make a Match Technique. (experimental group) got score 0.002 which the hypothesis if the score lower than 0.05 then Ha is accepted. Meanwhile, for determining the result of students’ average score from the same group, the researcher decided to use paired samples test. The result showed that alternative hypothesis is accepted because the result of paired samples test was 0.000 which lower than 0.05.

Comparison of Uphill and Downhill Training Against 100 Meter Sprint Travel Time

Short distance running or sprinting is one of the race numbers in athletics. The achievements of sprint runners can be seen from the results of the time they achieve when running on the track. This study aims to determine the effect of uphill and downhill training on the travel time of the 100 meter sprint in the MAN 7 Jombang athletic extracurricular. In addition, to find out the difference in the effect of uphill and downhill training on the travel time of the 100-meter sprint in extracurricular athletics MAN 7 Jombang. The method used in this study is a quasi-experiment with the Two group Pretest and Posttest Design research design. A total of 20 subjects were taken as participants and divided into two exercise groups, each consisting of 10 people. The instrument in this study used a 100 meter sprint test. Then the data that has been obtained will be tested using the Paired Sample Test t test to determine the effect of treatment, Independent sample test t test to analyze the average difference between the two groups. The results showed that (1) There was a significant influence on uphill training and downhill training on the 100-meter sprint travel time in MAN 7 Jombang athletic extracurriculars. (2) There was no significant difference between the uphill and downhill training groups on the 100-meter sprint travel time in the MAN 7 Jombang athletic extracurricular.

Horizontal crossover and co-operative hunting-based Whale Optimization Algorithm for feature selection

The Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) is a widely-used approach for problem-solving, but it has some inherent limitations such as poor exploration capabilities, susceptibility to local optima, and reduced solution accuracy. To address these drawbacks, this study introduces a novel approach known as Horizontal Crossover and Co-operative-hunting-based WOA (HCCWOA). This enhanced algorithm incorporates a weight, co-operative learning techniques, and a horizontal crossover strategy into the WOA framework. The introduction of horizontal crossover bolsters the exploration capabilities of WOA, while the integration of co-operative learning techniques and an inertia weight enhances its exploitation abilities. Recognizing the significance of feature selection in this context, the proposed algorithm is applied in a wrapper mode with the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) classifier to select relevant features. The effectiveness of the HCCWOA is rigorously evaluated on twelve classical datasets sourced from the UCI repository. A comprehensive comparison is conducted with eight well-established metaheuristic algorithms and five recent variations of WOA. Performance metrics, including maximum accuracy, minimum fitness, and minimum feature count, are considered in this comparative analysis. The simulation results affirm that the HCCWOA outperforms other algorithms in at least six out of the twelve datasets. This enhanced performance is further substantiated through statistical analyses, including Friedman's rank test, paired-sample Wilcoxon signed-rank test, two-way ANOVA test, T-test, and boxplot analysis. The combination of empirical results and statistical validation supports the superior effectiveness of the proposed HCCWOA approach, highlighting its ability to effectively explore feature spaces and select the most relevant characteristics for classification tasks.

Penerapan metode running dictation untuk meningkatkan penguasaan kosa kata Bahasa Arab di MI Mambaul Huda

Mufrodat learning is crucial for student understanding. If students comprehend and grasp the meanings of mufrodat within a chapter, it is almost guaranteed that subsequent learning will become more manageable. However, in practice, many students face challenges when learning Arabic due to their incomplete mastery of mufrodat. One of the reasons for this is the suboptimal and often unengaging methods used to teach mufrodat, which can lead to student boredom and hinder their ability to grasp the meanings of mufrodat. The primary aim of this study is to investigate how the application of the running dictation method can enhance the mastery of Arabic language vocabulary among students at MI Mambaul Huda Turen, Malang. This research follows a quantitative approach and employs the pre-experimental One Group Pre-test-Post-test Design method. The selected sample consists of all students in the third-grade class, who make up the experimental group. The data collection instrument used comprises multiple-choice test sheets administered through both pre-tests and post-tests. Based on the results of the Paired Samples Test, it is evident that the two-tailed significance value is 0.000. Since 0.00 is less than 0.05, we can conclude that there exists a significant difference in average scores between pre-test learning outcomes and post-test learning outcomes when using the running dictation method to improve vocabulary mastery (mufrodat) among third-grade students at MI Mambaul Huda Turen, Malang. This research paves the way for future investigations to further develop the running dictation method in Arabic language learning, extending its utility beyond mufrodat to other linguistic skills. Keywords: Improvement of Arabic Vocabulary Mastery, Running Dictation Method

Keefektifan Penggunaan Teknik Kata Kunci terhadap Keterampilan Menulis Puisi Epigram Berbasis Pendidikan Karakter

This study aims to: (1) describe the skills of epigram poetry writing based on character education for class X students of SMA Negeri 2 Lambu West Nusa Tenggara befero using the keyword/1technique; (2) describe nthe skills of epigram poetry writing based on character education for class X students of SMA Negeri 2 Lambu West Nusa Tenggara after using the keyword/1technique; (3) to determine the effectiveness of character education on the epigram poetry writing skills based on character education for class X students of SMA Negeri 2 Lambu West Nusa Tenggara.This type of research is quantitative research. The research population was class X students of SMA Negeri 2 Lambu. The sample of this research was students of class X IPA 1. The data collection technique used was pretest and posttest. The pretest results show an average value of 62.50 and the posttest results show an average value of 77.92. Based on data analysis using the Paired Sample Test, the value of Sig. namely 0.000 <0.05, then H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. Therefore, it can be concluded that the keyword technique is effectively applied in learning to write epigram poetry based on character education for class X SMA Negeri 2 Lambu, West Nusa Tenggara.

Integrating Emotional Intelligence and Mental Education in Sports to Improve Personal Resilience of Adolescents

Adolescents are the nation's future leaders, so their immediate environment, including their families, schools, and the government, must promote a healthy environment for them both physically and mentally. This is necessary because improving an adolescent's psychological condition is one of the most crucial investments for raising a good generation, but more and more young people are developing psychological disorders. This study employed a pseudo-experiment method of research. The findings of the study in the treatment group, as shown in the "Paired Samples Test" output table above, indicate that the t count negative value is -45,020. This difference between the average Pre-Test and the average Post-Test is what causes the t count negative value to be negative. A negative t-count may turn positive in this situation. As a result, the computed t-value is 45,020. While in the control group, it is evident from the "Paired Samples Test" output table above that the negative value t count of -7,760 t counts is due to the average Pre-Test value being lower than the average Post-Test value. A negative t-count may turn positive in this situation. Consequently, the computed t value is now -7.760. Despite the fact that both groups have an impact on pre- and post-test results, the outcomes can be seen if there is a sizable difference between the treatment and control groups. This demonstrates that the treatment group receiving mental education achieves greater results than the group not receiving such treatment. Teenagers' pre-test and post-test personal endurance results for each group show this. Keywords: emotional intelligence, mental health education, youth resilience, physical education

DENTAL PHANTOM DOLLS: A MEDIA INNOVATION IN TEACHING BRUSHING TEETH TO PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

Dental health problems that many Indonesian people suffer from are dental caries. Poor dental and oral hygiene is one of the factors causing dental caries or dental and oral health problems. Dental and oral health education demonstration method of brushing teeth with phantom dolls can improve teeth brushing skills and dental and oral hygiene status in preschool children. Objective: to analyze the effectiveness of dental health promotion using dental phantom dolls media on brushing skills and dental hygiene status of preschool children. Method: design of this study was pre-experimental This study used a pre-experimental design with a pretest and posttest with two group design. This research was conducted in preschool children in Pondok Labu Village, Cilandak District, South Jakarta City. The sampling technique used purposive sampling as many as 60 students. The research instrument used an observation sheet to brush teeth to measure teeth brushing skills and dental and oral hygiene status was measured using a plaque free score index. The dental health promotion media used in the intervention group was a dental phantom dolls, while the control group used a flipchart. Data analysis used paired sample test, Wilcoxon and independent t-test. Results: The dental phantom dolls was effective in improving tooth brushing skills (p<0.001) and effective in improving the dental and oral hygiene status of preschool children (p<0.001). Conclusion: The dental phantom dolls is effective as a medium for promoting dental health in an effort to increase the tooth brushing behavior of preschool children.

SIMPEDVR: using VR in teaching pediatric emergencies to undergraduate students—a pilot study

The objective of this work was to provide pilot data on feasibility of using virtual reality (VR) to train undergraduate students in pediatric emergency scenarios. We staged VR sessions for a total of 45 medical and nursing students; in every session, each student managed two pediatric emergency virtual scenarios. At the end of the sessions, students completed a Technology Assessment Questionnaire to evaluate the perceived usefulness and perceived ease-of-use of their VR training experience and rated their perceived level of competence in managing the two clinical scenarios. The median perceived usefulness was 91.7/100 (interquartile range (IQR) 80.6–100), while the median perceived ease-of-use was 77.8/100 (IQR 63.9–88.9). The perceived level of competence increased from 2 (IQR 1–3) to 4 (IQR 3–4) on a 5-point Likert scale, for both scenarios (p < 0.001, Wilcoxon test for paired samples). Conclusions: The staged VR sessions had a good perceived usefulness and resulted in an increase in the perceived level of competence. The results on the ease-of-use, however, show that an assumption that millennials and younger students can navigate with confidence VR hardware in a healthcare training setting should not be made; further work is required to ease the integration of VR into curricula.What is Known:• Virtual reality (VR) is a rising simulation training methodology in Pediatric Emergency Medicine (PEM), however little experience is reported about its use for undergraduate studentsWhat is New:• VR PEM trainiing was found useful by undergraduate students and its use increased their perceived level of competence, although ease-of-use received lower ratings.• Despite the young age, an assumption that millennials and younger students can navigate with confidence VR hardware in a healthcare training setting should not be made

THE EFFECT OF MUSIC ON THE EMOTIONS OF ISLAMIC STUDENTS

Music is the art of sound arranged in patterns that are pleasing to our ears and convey emotions and moods. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of music on students' emotions. This experimental research design used the One Group Pretest Posttest Design. This research was conducted on students of the Raden Fatah State Islamic University Palembang semester 5, Faculty of Psychology class of 2020. Data analysis used the Paired Sample Test technique with assistance using SPSS. The results of this study indicate that the value is Sig. (2-tailed) = 0,015 (p &lt;0,05). So it can be concluded that there is a significant difference in the effect of music on students' emotions before and after being given treatment, that when given treatment in the form of listening to and watching the MV "Dunia Tipu-Tipu" by Yura Yunita there is a significant effect.

PENGARUH LAYANAN KONSELING DENGAN TEKNIK BEHAVIOR CONTRACT DALAM MENGURANGI PERILAKU MENYONTEK SISWA DI SMA “X” DI SIDOARJO

Cheating behavior is a deviant maladaptive behavior and has a negative impact, thus reflecting an interest in learning and learning that is not effective. The problem at SMA "X" in Sidoarjo is cheating behavior that occurs in students which is difficult to stop and becomes a culture every year. This study aims to determine the effect before and after counseling services are carried out with the behavior contract technique. This research method uses a pure experiment, namely Randomized Control Trial (RCT) in a random way to determine the experimental group and the control group in one class. The sample used was class 10 with a total of 20 students, 10 students became the experimental group and 10 students became the control group, each of which was given a pre-test and post-test using a Likert scale of cheating behavior. Data analysis technique used independent sample t test and paired sample test using JASP 0.16. Student cheating behavior before being given counseling services was 94.4 then after being given counseling it decreased by 76.3 and was supported by the hypothesis Ha was accepted because t = 3.606 p = 0.002 &lt;0.05 and H0 was rejected, indicating a significant influence on the counseling behavior contract in reducing cheating behavior on students of SMA "X" in Sidoarjo.

Exploring the Role of Student Exchange Programs in Fostering Halal Understanding among South Korean Non-Muslims

One of the challenges in halal is the acceptance among non-Muslims of the values, due to their lack of appreciation in understanding its concept. Media bias, culture, personal beliefs, racism and Islamophobia are some of the common causes. Past studies concluded that the concept of misjudgment could be realigned to a positive attitude by providing the appropriate information and education. Therefore, the study was conducted with the aim, of assessing how the provision of halal knowledge through the concept of a student exchange program could change a group of non-Muslims’ attitude, acceptance and behavior towards halal. A research experiment was administered that involved a group of university students from a private university in South Korea, who voluntarily took part in a 7-day halal program in Malaysia. The study involved 1) a pre-test assessment, 2) participation in the student exchange heutagogy program and 3) a post-test assessment. Based on the paired sample test results, overall, there was a significant increase in the halal understanding among non-Muslims of South Koreans. The novelty of the study stems from the need to understand non-Muslims’ perception of halal, specifically from the learning and cultural perspectives.

SAT406 Evaluation Of The Emotional And Cognitive Effects Of Hormone Therapy In Transgender Men And Women

Abstract Disclosure: I. Yaish: None. G. Keltch: None. Y. Greenman: None. K.M. Tordjman: None. Background:- Sex hormones have far-reaching effects on the brain, both emotionally and cognitively. - Varying levels of sex hormones are associated with altered emotional states and cognitive abilities. -No longitudinal study has assessed the impact of cross-sex hormone on these issues in young transgender people. Aim:•To prospectively evaluate the effect of gender-affirming hormonal therapy (GAHT) on cognition and emotional state in transgender men and women initiating therapy Subjects and Methods:- Transgender men (TM) aged 24.6±7.8 y (18-37), and 11 transgender women (TW) 27.3±9.4 (19-46).- Mood questionnaires (PHQ9 and GAD-7), and cognitive tests (short-term logical memory test, sub-tests of knowledge, forward and backward digit recall, number-coding and random learning from WAIS-III, a verbal fluency test and CTMT test) were administered prior to GAHT, and 3-6 months into treatment. - Scores were calculated for emotional stress, memory, attention, and executive functions. - Wilcoxon tests for paired samples assessed the impact of GAHT on these variables. Results - In TM, GAHT significantly improved executive functions but had no effect on memory, attention, and emotional stress. - In TW, GAHT significantly improved memory but had no effect on attention, executive functions, and emotional stress. - Despite a trend for improved emotional stress with GAHT in both groups, over this short study period, this was not significant. Conclusions:- - In keeping with the literature, this short preliminary study showed that estrogen contributes to memory, and testosterone to executive functions.-- This is the first time this has been shown in transgender individuals. -The lack of effect on emotional stress is probably due to the small sample size and short duration, larger studies should elucidate this point. Presentation: Saturday, June 17, 2023

The Use of Hallo Application as Supporting Teaching Media in Enhancing Students` Speaking Skill

This research was aimed in increasing students` speaking skill by using Hallo Application based on android smartphone which the students able to use it everywhere. The research used pre-experimental design which used one group pre-test and post-test. The research was planned by using of hallo application as instrument and learning support. In implementation, the researcher made planning, treatment, evaluating and reflecting in every meeting. The result of this research from paired sample test showed the result of the analytical comparisons using t-test. The output shows the average before and after the test (-20,900), standard deviation (4,773), mean standard error (0,871). The bottom difference (-22.682), while the top difference (-19,117). The result of the t test = (-23,983) with a df of 29 and a significance of 0,000. Mean score were higher after teaching using Hallo Application. This means that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. In conclusion, the use of Hallo Application is an effective strategy that will use to teach class XI of Senior High School Students.

Faʻāliyātu Istikhdāmi Wasīlati Talking Stick Fi Istīʻābi al-Mufrādāt al-ʻArabiyyah Liṭulābi al-Faṣli al-Sābiʻ Bimadrasati Sudirman al-Mutawassiṭah al-Islāmiyyah Semarang

One of the problems at Sudirman Islamic Middle School is the lack of innovation in vocabulary teaching such that students’ vocabulary comprehension is low. To overcome this problem, the researcher uses the Talking Stick method to make learning enjoyable so that students are more active and enthusiastic about Arabic language topics. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of using Talking Sticks in vocabulary comprehension for seventh-grade students at Sudirman Islamic Middle School Semarang. This research is quantitative research, and the sample consisted of 40 students in the seventh-grade class C (control class) and class D (experimental class). In the method of collecting data, the researcher uses the pre-test, then the post-test, and the direct observation method. In analyzing the data, the researcher uses a parametric t-test of the “paired sample test” type to determine the effectiveness of the Talking Stick method in vocabulary comprehension for seventh-grade students at Sudirman Islamic Middle School, Semarang. The results of the research tool experiment were that the validity test of the tool was correct, the stability test of the instrument was stable, the different energy test was good, and the result of the difficulty level test the number of good questions was 14. The conclusion of the research tool experiment is that each of the research tool experiment questions is good. Based on research data at Sudirman Islamic Middle School Semarang shows that using the Talking Stick method is highly effective in vocabulary comprehension for seventh-grade students at Sudirman Islamic Middle School, Semarang. This can be seen from the t-test in the posthoc test conducted with the help of IBM Statistic SPSS 22 which showed a sign smaller than 0.05, or 0.02, which means that the hypothesis (H1) is accepted.

Perceived impact of a one-week journalology training course on scientific reporting competencies: prospective survey

INTRODUCTION: The debate on scientific research and reporting integrity issues in Brazil is incipient. Literature suggests that a journalology training course could help to improve the competencies of the participants. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the immediate impact of a journalology training course on perceived academic competencies, comprised of knowledge, attitudes, and skills. METHODS: The course was taught in 5 consecutive days to an online audience of individuals from the health sciences. A self-applied questionnaire was employed before and immediately after the course, which included initial and acquired perceived knowledge, attitudes, skills. The Wilcoxon non-parametric test for paired samples was used for analysis. RESULTS: A total of 45 individuals participated in the course, with a 53% response rate before and after. The number of participants in each course session ranged between 32 and 45. There was an improvement in perceived knowledge of: (1) writing review articles; (2) ethical aspects of research; (3) scientific authorship; (4) predatory practices; (5) publication bias and spin, and (6) researcher evaluation. There was no improvement in self-reported attitudes towards any item. There was an improvement in the perception of skills relating to: (1) writing a response letter and (2) writing an opinion as a reviewer. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, attendees who participated in the survey reported perceived improved knowledge and skills in some items but not in their attitudes. Therefore, the course appears to have been unable to modify perceived scientific reporting competencies.

Determinants of Firm Sustainable Growth Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic in Consumer Goods Industry Sector Companies

This research was conducted to analyze the determining factors for sustainable growth and firm nominal value. Cash holding, capital gearing, asset turnover, current ratio, economic value added and intellectual capital are expected to be determinants of sustainable growth and firm nominal value with the moderating variables sustainable growth and financial distress risk as determinants of firm nominal value. Using purposive sampling, a sample of 26 companies was obtained that met the criteria, resulting in a sample of 182. The regression results showed that for 2015-2021, cash holding, asset turnover, EVA and intellectual capital had an influence on the sustainable growth rate. Cash holding and asset turnover influence nominal firm value. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the regression results show that cash holding, capital gearing, asset turnover and intellectual capital influence the sustainable growth rate. Capital gearing, asset turnover and EVA influence Firm Nominal value. The results of the paired sample test for all research variables before and after the COVID-19 pandemic were significant, meaning that the research variables experienced significant changes.

The Effect of Lullaby Music Therapy on the CTG Rhythm of Pregnant Women in the Third Trimester

Introduction: CTG is a tool used to monitor fetal activity and heart rate, as well as uterine contractions while the baby is in the womb. Through this examination, the doctor can evaluate whether the fetus is healthy before delivery. Objective: To determine the effect of lullaby music therapy on CTG rhythm in third-trimester pregnant women. Method: The design used in this research is pre-experimental. This research was conducted at Bina Husada Hospital with a research period of December 2021-January 2022. The population in this study was 15 third-trimester pregnant women who underwent CTG. The sample in the research consisted of 15 respondents. The instrument used is an observation sheet. Statistical testing with Paired Sample Test. Results: The results of statistical tests show that the p-value is 0.036, meaning P&lt;0.05. Conclusion: There is an influence of lullaby music therapy on CTG rhythm in third-trimester pregnant women.

The Effect of Genre-Based Approach on Students' Proficiency in Writing Recount Text at Islamic Boarding Schools

This paper investigates the effectiveness of teaching recount texts using a genre-based approach on Islamic boarding school students. The research adopts a quantitative approach with a pre-experimental method, specifically the One-Group Pre-test-Post-test Design. The sample consists of 10 students from Class VIII of MTs SA Miftahul Huda Pabelan, which was selected based on specific criteria. The data were analyzed using the Paired Sample Test, which resulted in a significance value (Sig.) of 0.000. Based on the predetermined criteria, a significance value below 0.05 leads to the rejection of the null hypothesis (H0) and acceptance of the alternative hypothesis (Ha). In addition, there is a significant difference in the average scores between the Pre-test and Post-test, which were a pre-test mean score of 58.6 and a post-test mean score of 68.6. These findings indicate the effectiveness of the genre-based approach in improving students' skills to write recount texts in the boarding school context. In conclusion, the genre-based approach is effective in enhancing students' writing skills in the recount texts in the boarding school based on the findings.

Student learning outcomes will "improve" when using counting box media. How significant is the impact of this media?

The challenges of 21st-century education require students to be proficient in learning, digitally literate and have a strong character. As the learning process is still teacher-centered, with the lecture method predominating, students require additional motivation. When delivering educational content, students must demonstrate zeal and pose more questions. Counting box media is anticipated to be a substitute for instilling character through problems that students must be able to solve when learning mathematics counting. The author attempted to implement counting box media to enhance the mathematics learning outcomes of MI students because it aids and facilitates counting. The counting box learning media is a box made of thick cardboard with essential tools and materials added to it. This study utilized the experimental design method with a Pretest-Posttest Control design and Cluster Random Sampling technique. The data collection method utilized in this study is learning outcomes exams. For processing data with SPSS 16. Tests hypotheses using the Paired Samples Test. This investigation yielded exciting findings. In addition to influencing student learning outcomes, counting box media can also help instill character in madrasa students. The characteristics and characteristics of these characters will be discussed in this article.