Pairs Of Ss Research Articles

Crystallization process of Li3PS4 investigated by X-ray total scattering measurement and the reverse Monte Carlo method

Solid electrolytes, such as sulfide glasses, are key materials to put all-solid-state Li-ion batteries into practical use. We evaluated the local structure of 75Li2S･25P2S5 (mol%) Li3PS4 glass with a structural phase transition from glass to crystal between 298 K and 523 K by X-ray total scattering data coupled with Reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) modeling. We have obtained structural models consistent with the observed structure factors (Sobs(Q)) of Li3PS4 at different temperatures with a low R-factor Rp value within 2.0%. The RMC results suggest the PS4 anion remains a tetrahedron over the wide range from glass to crystal based on the angular and distance distribution of intra-PS4 SS pairs. On the other hand, the SS correlation of inter-PS4 distances changes from a wider to a narrower distribution during crystallization. The angular distance distribution functions g(r, θ) indicate that the orientation of the PS4 tetrahedra changes from random to long-range ordered as crystallization progresses. SLi partial correlation and the average spatial distribution of P and S show a wider distribution of Li-ions at a higher temperature of the glassy state and the distribution then narrows due to crystallization. The RMC results suggest that PS4 libration plays an important role in Li-ion migration in Li3PS4 solid electrolytes.

Twin study of neonatal transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions

Our knowledge of which physiological mechanisms shape transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) is incomplete, although thousands of TEOAEs are recorded each day as part of universal newborn hearing-screening (UNHS). TEOAE heritability may explain some of the large TEOAE variability observed in neonates, and give insights into the TEOAE generators and modulators, and why TEOAEs are generally larger in females and right ears.The aim was to estimate TEOAE heritability and describe ear and sex effects in a consecutive subset of all twins that passed UNHS at the same occasion at two hospitals during a six-year period (more than 30 000 neonates screened in total). TEOAEs were studied and TEOAE level correlations compared in twin sets of same-sex (SS, 302 individual twins, 151 twin pairs) and opposite-sex (OS, 152 individual twins, 76 twin pairs). A mathematical model was used to estimate and compare monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) intra-twin pair TEOAE level correlations, based on the data from the SS and OS twin sets.For both SS and OS twin pairs TEOAE levels were significantly higher in right ears and females, compared to left ears and males, as previously demonstrated in young adult twins and large groups of neonates. Neonatal females in OS twin pairs did not demonstrate masculinized TEOAEs, as has been demonstrated for OAEs in young adult females in OS twin pairs. The within-twin pair TEOAE level correlations were higher for SS twin pairs than for OS twin pairs, whereas the within-pair correlation coefficients could not be distinguished from zero when twins were randomly paired. These results reflect heredity as a key factor in TEOAE level variability. Additionally, the estimated MZ within-twin pair TEOAE level correlations were higher than those for DZ twin pairs. The heritability estimates reached up to 100% TEOAE heritability, which is numerically larger than previous estimates of about 75% in young adult twins.

$J^{P}=\frac{1}{2}^{+},\frac{3}{2}^{+}$ J P = 1 2 + , 3 2 + masses in the statistical model

The mass formulae for the baryon octet and decuplet are calculated. These formulae are function of constituent quark masses and spin spin interaction terms for the quarks inside the baryons. The coefficients in the mass formulae is estimated by the statistical model for J/P=1/2+, J/P=3/2+, incorporating the contributions from \sea" containing uu; dd; ss pairs and gluons . The measured masses are presented and found to be matching good with some of the experimental and theoretical data.

Tailoring Rydberg interactions via Förster resonances: state combinations, hopping and angular dependence

Förster resonances provide a highly flexible tool to tune both the strength and the angular shape of interactions between two Rydberg atoms. We give a detailed explanation about how Förster resonances can be found by searching through a large range of possible quantum number combinations. We apply our search method to SS, SD and DD pair states of 87Rb with principal quantum numbers from 30 to 100, taking into account the fine structure splitting of the Rydberg states. We find various strong resonances between atoms with a large difference in principal quantum numbers. We quantify the strength of these resonances by introducing a figure of merit which is independent of the magnetic quantum numbers and geometry to classify the resonances by interaction strength. We further predict to what extent excitation exchange is possible on different resonances and point out limitations of the coherent hopping process. Finally, we discuss the angular dependence of the dipole–dipole interaction and its tunability near resonances.

Investigation of Copper Losses to Synthetic Slag at Different Oxygen Partial Pressures in the Presence of Colemanite

Copper losses to slag are crucial for copper matte smelting and converting stages. One factor affecting the copper losses to slag during these processes is partial pressure of oxygen. In this study, theoretical and experimental investigations of oxygen partial pressure effect on copper losses to fayalite type slag in the presence of colemanite were investigated. Theoretical considerations include liquidus temperatures and phase diagrams of the fayalite type slag calculated by the FactSage software program. In the experiments, a synthetic matte–slag (SM–SS) was produced by melting certain amounts of reagent grade Fe2O3-SiO2 and metallic Fe as starting materials. Experiments were carried out with SM–SS pair by the addition of calcined colemanite (from 0% to 6%) under various partial pressures of oxygen (10−7, 10−9, 10−11 atm) at 1250°C for 2 h. From the experimental results, it was found that the amount of copper in slag decreased slowly when colemanite was increased under all oxidizing atmospheres. The lowest copper content in synthetic slag was obtained as 0.38% after 6% colemanite addition.

Adolescent social instability stress increases aggression in a food competition task in adult male Long-Evans rats.

Adolescent social instability stress (SS; daily 1 hr isolation + new cage partners postnatal days 30-45; thereafter with original cage partner, also in the SS condition) and control (CTL) rats competed for access to a preferred food in five sessions against their cage partner. In the first session, SS pairs displayed more aggression (face whacks, p = .02; rear attacks, p = .03), were less likely to relinquish access to the food voluntarily (p = .03), spent more time at the feeder than CTL pairs (p = .06), but did not differ in latency to access the feeder (p = .41). Pairs were considered in dominant-submissive relationships (DSR) if one rat spent significantly more time at the feeder than the other; 8 of 12 SS and 8 of 12 CTL pairs displayed DSRs (remaining: no-DSR). Aggression increased from the 1st to 5th session (p < .001), was greater in no-DSR than DSR pairs (p = .04; consistent with the proposed function of DSRs to be the reduction of aggression in groups), and was higher in SS than CTL pairs (p = .05). Because the increased aggression of SS compared with CTL pairs did not result in a significant increase in their time at the feeder, the increased aggression may be considered maladaptive, and may reflect an increased motivation for food reward. These results add to evidence that SS in adolescence modifies the adult social repertoire of rats and highlight the importance of adolescent social experiences for adult behavior.

Production of the Exotic1--Hadronsϕ(2170),X(4260), andYb(10890)at the LHC and Tevatron via the Drell-Yan Mechanism

We calculate the Drell-Yan production cross sections and differential distributions in the transverse momentum and rapidity of the J(PC) = 1(--) exotic hadrons ϕ(2170), X(4260), and Y(b)(10890) at the LHC and the Tevatron. These hadrons are tetraquark (four-quark) candidates, with a hidden ss, cc, and bb quark pair, respectively. In deriving the distributions, we include the order α(s) QCD corrections, resum the large logarithms in the small transverse momentum region in the impact-parameter formalism, and use the state of the art parton distribution functions. Production rates for the processes pp(p) → ϕ(2170)× (→ ϕ(1020)π+ π- → K+ K- π+ π-) +…, pp(p) → X(4260)(→J/ψπ+ π- → μ+ μ- π+ π-)+…, and pp(p) → Y(b)(10890)(→ Υ(1S,2S,3S)π+ π- → μ+ μ- π+ π-) +… are presented. Their measurements will help in understanding the dynamics of these exotic hadrons.

Indication of new physics in B &lt;FONT FACE=Symbol&gt;® F&lt;/FONT&gt;Ks decays at the BELLE experiment

The BELLE experiment at the asymmetric e + e − (3.5 GeV and 8 GeV) accelerator KEK-B at Tsukuba, Japan, has recorded 152 Million BB meson pairs in 4 years of data taking. In the standard model, the size of CP violation in the B meson system is characterized by a quantity called sin(2ϕ1), in which ϕ1 denotes one of the angles in the unitarity triangle. This quantity was determined precisely to be sin(2ϕ1)=0.733±0.059±0.028, based upon N =1997 events with the decay B→J/ΨKs and N =914 other B→charmonium+Kaon decays [1] [2] [3]. The measurement is consistent with the measurement of the BABAR detector at SLAC [4]. In the standard model, the decay B→ΦKs is expected to show identical CP violation. However, a measurement of N =68 events revealed −0.96±0.50+0.09−0.11 (opposite sign from expectation), which is a 3.5σ deviation from the expected standard model value [1] [5]. The probability of obtaining the observed result for B→ΦKs as a statistical fluctuation of the B→J/ΨKs result is less than 0.1%. In the standard model, B→ΦKs is dominated by a penguin diagram with a W boson and a top quark in a loop. The top quark itself radiates a gluon which creates an ss pair. Two additional decay channels, namely B→η � Ks and B→K + K − Ks are dominated by the same diagram. However, their CP violation seems to be consistent (within still large statistical errors) with the sin(2ϕ1) value from B→J/ΨKs [6] [7]. The difference between the three different decay channels is given by the spin of the Φ meson J P =1 − (vector meson), while all Kaons and the η � are J=0 − (pseudoscalar mesons). In an additional analysis, angular distributions have been investigated. In the case of B→ VV 1 a helicity analysis can be performed. For this purpose, the B→J/ΨK ∗ [8] (pseudoscalar meson Ks replaced by vector meson K ∗ )a ndB→ΦKs [9] were compared. As pointed out recently by Grossman [10], differences between the two decay channels seem visible, and are difficult to be explained within the standard model. BELLE will resume data taking in 10/2003, with an improved Silicon Vertex Detector (4 layers, larger angular coverage). An update of the analysis results is envisaged for summer 2004.

Building blocks of self-control: increased tolerance for delay with bundled rewards.

Impulsive choice can be defined as temporary preference for a smaller-sooner reward (SS) over a larger-later reward (LL). Hyperbolic discounting implies that impulsive choices will occur less when organisms choose between a series of SSs versus LLs all at once than when they choose between single SS versus LL pairs. Eight rats were exposed to two conditions of an intertemporal choice paradigm using sucrose solution as reward. In both conditions, the LL was 150 microl delayed by 3 s, while the SS was an immediate reward that ranged from 25-150 microl across sessions. Preference for the LL was greater when the chosen reward was automatically delivered three times in succession (bundled) than when it was chosen singly and delivered after each choice. For each of the 8 rats, the estimated SS amount that produced indifference was higher in the bundled condition than in the single condition. Because bundling in humans may be based on the perception that one's current choice is predictive of future choices, the data presented here may demonstrate an important building block of self-control.

Synthesis and molecular structure of novel 4‐aryloctahydropyrido‐[1,2‐c]pyrimidine derivatives

AbstractA series of new 4‐aryloctahydropyrido[1,2‐c]pyrimidine‐1,3‐diones 6a,b,d‐h and j were synthesized by intramolecular cyclization of α‐aryl‐α‐(1‐ethoxycarbonyl‐2‐piperidyl)‐acetamide derivatives 5a,b,d‐h and j. The structures of compounds were determined by 1H and 13C nmr spectroscopy. Nmr and X‐ray diffraction data indicate that the configuration at the C4, C4a stereocenters constitute RR and SS pair.

Tagging the s quark in hadronic decays of the Z

Abstract The DELPHI detector at LEP is equipped with RICH detectors which can be exploited for tagging decays of the Z boson into ss pairs. High momentum K ± identified with the RICH have been used both for a double tag of the s quark and for a single tag using the φ(1020) meson.

Strangeness in the nucleon

Evidence for strangeness in the nucleon is reviewed, and models to explain strangeness contributions to specific matrix elements are discussed. A dynamical mechanism for the admixture of polarized ss pairs to the nucleon wave function is suggested as the origin of the spin asymmetry of the strange sea. An experimental test of this mechanism, through measurement of spin transfer in the reaction pp → ΛΛ , is described.

Three Sing-Sing Problems

Linear SingSing problem. If the letters in the word SINGSING are permuted at random, we may obtain, for example, INGGINSS or SNINGISG. In the former case, the permutation contains two pairs of equal neighbours, GG and SS, but in the latter case there are no such neighbours. What is the probability that the permutation has no equal neighbours? As we will show, the answer is 12/35. Using numbers instead of letters, the answer can be obtained from the solution to the linear Sing-Sing problem: What is the probability distribution of the number of equal neighbours in a random permutation of the 2n numbers 1122. .. nn?

The proton spin puzzle and depolarization in [formula omitted

We point out that the measurement of target spin depolarization D nn in the pp → ΛΛ reaction may test dynamical mechanisms invoked to explain the proton spin puzzle revealed by polarized deep-inelastic scattering experiments. In particular, models with negatively polarized ss pairs in the proton wave function predict D nn < 0, whereas models with positively polarized gluons would predict D nn > 0.

Does Behavioral Treatment of Social Phobia Lead to Cognitive Changes?

Examined the effect of a pure performance-based exposure treatment (i.e., without cognitive intervention) on the anxiety-related cognitions of 36 adults (mean age 46.57 yrs) with social phobia (public speaking anxiety). Pairs of Ss matched by age, sex, and severity of phobia were randomly assigned to either a treatment or waiting-list control group. 18 Ss received a purely behavioral treatment for 8 sessions over 8 weeks. Subjective, cognitive, and behavioral measures of anxiety were taken pre- and post-treatment. Results show that a purely behavioral treatment led to improvement in measures of behavioral, subjective, and cognitive anxiety. This research adds to the literature on cognitive or behavioral treatment of social phobia showing that cognitive restructuring can occur without specific cognitive treatment, and that interventions for phobia are not necessarily mode-specific.

Quantum Lattice Fluctuations and the Linear and Nonlinear Optical Susceptibility of Degenerate Ground State Conjugated Polymers

1>.z> We treat the direct photoproduction of charged solitons as a nonlinear Franck-Condon problem and obtain analytical expressions for the linear optical susceptibility, x (w). With the help of the oscillator strength sum rule, we decompose the Jr-Jr* oscillator strength into two parts; a contribution where the final states are SS pairs and a contribution where the final states are free electron-hole pairs (as in the noninteracting rigid-lattice). The linear optical coefficients calculated from x (w0'), is presented, demonstrating that, for any third-order process, contributions arising from neutral SS pair configurations as intermediate states are one to two orders of magnitude larger than the corresponding rigid-lattice contribution. This mechanism for x is enabled by nonlinear zero-point motion which provides a finite Franck-Condon overlap between the ground and SS excited state lattice wavefunctions. The large contribution to x from the SS intermediate states results from the large transition dipole moment between the free electron-hole pair excited states of Bu symmetry and the Ag symmetric neutral SS excited state. This enhanced transition dipole moment is a consequence of the large virtual shifts of oscillator strength associated with the localized SS electron-lattice configuration. The third-harmonic conversion efficiency x (3w) is further enhanced by a condition unique to degenerate ground state systems, simultaneous two and three-photon resonance.

Strange form factors, the σ-term and strange quark distributions in the Gross-Neveu model

For N c→∞ the structure function of physical fermions in the Gross-Neveu model is of pure valence type. Nevertheless several strange form factors of u-quarks, including the induced magnetic moment and the σ-term acquire substantial O(N 0 c ) contributions from virtual ss pairs. Those arise from matrix elements which are off-diagonal in Fock space, i.e., they do not have a simple interpretation in terms of the quark distributions. It is shown that, under certain circumstances, a similar behavior in QCD 3+1 is conceivable.

Infrared emission in paired galaxies. II - Luminosity functions and far-infrared properties

view Abstract Citations (115) References (45) Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS Infrared Emission in Paired Galaxies. II. Luminosity Functions and Far-Infrared Properties Xu, Cong ; Sulentic, Jack W. Abstract We have studied the optical and FIR luminosity functions, as well as other FIR statistics, for a sample of galaxy pairs selected from the Catalogue of Isolated Pairs of Galaxies in the Northern Sky (CPG). A comparison has been made with two control samples selected from the Catalogue of Isolated Galaxies (CIG). We find the following: 1. Approximately 10% of field galaxies are in isolated pairs. 2. The optical luminosity functions for late-type (SS), early-type (EE), and mixed (ES) pairs show enhancement at the bright end relative to control samples. 3. The optical luminosity function reveals a complete absence of dwarf EE pairs in the CPG (fainter than M_pg_ = -19). 4. SS pairs dominate the bright end of the IRAS luminosity function (L_fir_ > 2 x 10^11^ L_sun_ ), while their contribution to the faint end (L_fir_ < 10^10^ L_sun_) is small (< 10%). 5. The contribution from the S galaxies in ES pairs to the IRAS luminosity function is never greater than 10%. 6. Spiral/irregular galaxies in SS and ES pairs are on average about 3 times brighter in the FIR than isolated galaxies of the same types. 7. Compared to a sample of synthetic SS pairs, the FIR luminosity function of SS pairs shows a depression in the faint part (L_fir_ <= 10^10^ L_sun_) and an enhancement in the bright part (L_fir_ >= 10^10^ L_sun _ ), which indicates an enhancement in the FIR emission. 8. SS pairs also show statistically significant enhancements in their mean FIR to optical luminosity ratio (~ 3 σ) and FIR color ratio (~ 5 σ), compared to isolated spiral/irregular galaxies. 9. SS pairs with signs of interaction and with component separation less than the diameter of the primary show significantly higher mean FIR-to-optical luminosity ratio and mean FIR color ratio compared not only with isolated spiral/irregular galaxies, but also with other SS pairs. These "close-interacting" (CLO) pairs represent ~ 40% of all SS pairs in the CPG. 10. Only one component (the FIR bright component) in wide SS pairs (SS pairs other than CLO) is (marginally) FIR enhanced. A considerable number of CLO SS pairs show evidence for enhancement in both components. Publication: The Astrophysical Journal Pub Date: June 1991 DOI: 10.1086/170132 Bibcode: 1991ApJ...374..407X Keywords: Far Infrared Radiation; Galactic Radiation; Interacting Galaxies; Luminous Intensity; Galactic Structure; Infrared Astronomy Satellite; Star Formation; Astrophysics; GALAXIES: CLUSTERING; GALAXIES: STELLAR CONTENT; INFRARED: SOURCES; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION full text sources ADS | data products SIMBAD (66) NED (64) Associated Works (2) Part 1 Part 2

Effect of memory perspective on retrospective causal attributions.

Two studies examined whether people's retrospective causal attributions might be mediated by the visual perspective from which events are recalled. In Study 1, pairs of Ss participated in "get-acquainted" conversations and made a series of attribution ratings for their performance. They returned 3 weeks later to rerate their performance on the same attribution scales and to indicate the perspective from which they remembered their earlier conversation. Ss reported either "observer" memories in which they could "see" themselves from the outside or "field" memories in which their field of view matched that of the original situation. Study 2 was identical to Study 1 with the exception that Ss' memory perspectives were manipulated via verbal instructions. In both experiments, conversations that were recalled from an observer's perspective were attributed more dispositionally. These results suggest that the different perspectives from which events can be recalled function much like the divergent visual perspectives available to actors and observers in immediate, everyday experience. Discussion of these results focuses on how they further understanding of the contradictory findings reported in the literature on temporal shifts in attributions.

Effect of memory perspective on retrospective causal attributions.

Two studies examined whether people's retrospective causal attributions might be mediated by the visual perspective from which events are recalled. In Study 1, pairs of Ss participated in "get-acquainted" conversations and made a series of attribution ratings for their performance. They returned 3 weeks later to rerate their performance on the same attribution scales and to indicate the perspective from which they remembered their earlier conversation. Ss reported either "observer" memories in which they could "see" themselves from the outside or "field" memories in which their field of view matched that of the original situation. Study 2 was identical to Study 1 with the exception that Ss' memory perspectives were manipulated via verbal instructions. In both experiments, conversations that were recalled from an observer's perspective were attributed more dispositionally. These results suggest that the different perspectives from which events can be recalled function much like the divergent visual perspectives available to actors and observers in immediate, everyday experience. Discussion of these results focuses on how they further understanding of the contradictory findings reported in the literature on temporal shifts in attributions.