Paint Waste Research Articles

Waste Paint as Admixture for Glass Fiber–Reinforced Concrete Building Façades

Waste Paint as Admixture for Glass Fiber–Reinforced Concrete Building Façades

Evaluation of biosorbent properties of Teucrium polium seeds in Rhodamine B removal; isotherm, kinetic, thermodynamic studies

Water pollution is a major environmental concern worldwide, particularly due to industrial paint waste. Therefore, treating wastewater from various industrial sources is crucial to restoring environmental quality. In this study, a batch biosorption system was used to investigate the biosorption of Rhodamine B (RhB), a highly toxic dye, on Teucrium polium seeds (TPS). The study examined the effects of different parameters such as initial dye concentration, contact time, initial pH, temperature, and biosorbent amount on RhB removal. To determine the physicochemical properties of TPS, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and zero charge point (PZC) characterization analyses were performed. The maximum biosorption capacity of TPS at pH = 5.5 and 25 °C was found to be 4.18 mg g−1. The study found that the removal rate of RhB was 93.3% at an initial RhB dye concentration of 200 mg L−1. The experimental data showed that the Langmuir isotherm model (R 2 = 0.940) was the most compatible model for biosorption, while the biosorption kinetic mechanism proceeded through the pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic model (R 2 = 0.925). Additionally, the study found that intraparticle diffusion, pore diffusion, and film diffusion were effective in the RhB biosorption rate mechanism. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the biosorption was endothermic (ΔH0>0), spontaneous (ΔS0>0), and entropy-increasing (ΔG0 <0). As a result, TPS, which has suitable adsorbent properties for RhB, can be recommended as a new, cost-effective, abundant potential biosorbent.

Experimental investigation and optimization of dual fuel combustion using diesel/gasoline and Bio-oil extracted from Co-thermal liquefaction of paint/biomass wastes: An approach towards waste to energy

A higher-grade transport fuel from both non-biodegradable paint waste and biomass plant Prosopis Juliflora is obtained in the most economical and eco-friendly way by hydrothermal liquefaction process. The yielded bio-oil is experimented on a diesel engine in dual fuel combustion (DFC) strategy and compared with the conventional diesel combustion (CDC). In DFC, the secondary fuels (gasoline, bio-oil, and premixed gasoline-bio-oil blends) are port injected at different premixed ratios (10, 20 and 30%), while the primary diesel fuel is directly injected into the cylinder. DFC of diesel - bio-oil (DB) exhibited higher brake thermal efficiency than premixed gasoline at all power outputs and performed closer to neat diesel. Lower smoke emission is observed in DB than neat diesel and the DFC of diesel-gasoline (DG) at all conditions. At 30% premixed ratio, the smoke opacity of DFC of diesel and premixed bio-oil - gasoline (DGB) is 65.7% and 68% respectively compared to that of CDC (76.4%). At all loads, average NOx emission of DGB (20% gasoline) is abated by 23.2, 7.8 and 12.9% than CDC and 20% of DB and DG respectively but almost equal to neat diesel at full load. The experimental data are used to train an artificial network (ANN) and the trained ANN is used to generate sufficient data for optimizing the fuel concentration using TOPSIS algorithm to realize an overall improved performance and emissions. The optimized combustion modes arrived from this study are: CDC for 25% load, DFC of DGB (D90G2B8) for 50% load and DFC of DB for 75% (D89B11) and 100% (D86B14) loads.

Combining material flow simulation and optimization for sustainable manufacturing – application in automotive paint shops

The necessity for sophisticated decision support in industrial manufacturing has been described manifoldly and simulation approaches as well as optimization methods are continuously developed. This can be especially promising when it comes to decision-making with multidimensional requirements of economic and ecological efficiency. However, due to the required expert knowledge, there is still a gap between theoretically applicable and industrially applied methods. The paper therefore presents results of two use cases as part of the European project ECOFACT where different approaches for the combination of simulation and (heuristic) optimization were applied with industry partners. An overview of recent works and systematic literature reviews of sustainable manufacturing and the approaches for combining simulation and optimization is given. Correspondingly, the investigated use cases of automobile paint shops refer to the reduction of environmental impacts by optimized heating processes and an improved batching process to minimize paint waste. In the first case, setup times for heating color pools and ovens were shifted to avoid load peaks in a calculation time of less than one minute. In the second use case batch size was increased by around 25%.

Increased Risk of Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance in US Military Service Members: A Case-Control Study of 1,068 Service Members Deployed to Either Europe or Iraq, with or without Reported Burn Pit and Toxic Smoke Exposure

Background:Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS) is a plasma cell disorder which may lead to and in all cases precedes multiple myeloma (MM). Although, the etiology of MGUS is unknown, multiple studies have shown an association between MGUS and pesticide exposure (Kachuri et al, Int. J. Cancer 2013). Furthermore, soldiers and First Responders may be at higher risk of developing MGUS as evidenced by a 2.4-fold increased risk for MGUS in Vietnam Veterans exposed to Agent Orange (Landgren et al, JAMA Oncol. 2015) and a 1.8-fold higher risk in World Trade Center (9/11 attacks)-exposed fire fighters compared to reference populations (Landgren et al, JAMA Oncol. 2018). US Service Members deployed to the Southwest Asia theater of military operations (e.g., Iraq and Afghanistan) may have been exposed to various airborne hazards including smoke and fumes from open burn pits (chemical, paint, munitions, petroleum, plastic, rubber, medical, human, and food waste), oil well fires, and aircraft fuel/exhaust. Researchers are currently investigating the long-term consequences from these exposures. We were motivated to determine whether US Service Members deployed to Iraq were at increased risk of developing MGUS. Methods: Serum samples and clinical data (N=1,068) were attained from the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Division (AFHSD), the central epidemiologic health registry and biorepository for the US Military after IRB exemptions were granted. A total of 534 US Service Members who deployed to Iraq between January 1, 2005 and June 30, 2007 and reported burn pit exposure, smoke, burning trash, etc. on their post-deployment health assessment form (exposed cases) were matched 1:1 to 534 Members deployed to Germany (matched controls) who were never deployed to Southwest Asia and denied toxic exposure. All cases were deployed ≥ 6 months, were ≥ 35 years old at time of deployment, remained in the military ≥ 10 years and had serum available in the AFHSD repository 10 years after deployment. Matched criteria included deployment year (+/- 10 years), age (+/- 3 years), sex, service branch, military rank, and occupation category. The 10-year post-deployment samples underwent laboratory testing to screen for monoclonal protein by immunofixation (IFE) using pentavalent antisera with positive samples confirmed and typed using IFE gels (Sebia) and for serum free light chains (sFLC; Sebia) performed on the DYNEX Agility platform. IFE-positive samples underwent serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) quantification by capillary electrophoresis (Sebia). Results:The median age of exposed Service Members was 37 years (range: 35-52) and 37 years (range: 35-55) for controls (Table 1). In both cohorts, the frequency of White (64.8%), Black (18.7%), Hispanic (7.5%), and male (89%) patients were the same as was the distribution of military occupation, rank, and service branch. The median number of days deployed for exposed vs controls was 243 and 852, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between burn pit exposed and controls in the combined prevalence of MGUS (IFE+ monoclonal protein) and light chain (LC) MGUS (abnormal sFLC ratio), 6.7% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 4.8-9.2%) vs 5.4% (95% CI: 3.7-7.7%), respectively (p=0.22). Similarly, there was no difference in prevalence when assessing IFE+ or sFLC+ cases separately (Table 2). The prevalence of MGUS or LC-MGUS for all 1,068 Service Members was 6.1% (95% CI: 4.7-7.7%). Conclusion:In our cohort of 534 Service Members deployed to Iraq and exposed to burn pits and other airborne toxic hazards (cases) there was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of MGUS compared to 534 deployed to Germany (matched controls). Interestingly, the overall prevalence of MGUS/LC-MGUS in this combined deployed population was 6.1%. When taking into account that the median age at deployment was 37 years and samples were attained 10 years later (approximately at an age of 47 years), the observed prevalence is 3-fold higher than that reported in the Icelandic iStopMM study (2% in the 41-50 -year age group). Future studies are needed to further elucidate causes for the increased prevalence of MGUS/LC-MGUS in deployed US Military Service Members. This contents is the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views, opinions or policies of the US Government nor endorsement of commercial products mentioned.

Removal of butyl acetate in an industrial ef uent through a physicochemical treatment

Butyl acetate is an organic compound widely used in industry, focu- sing on industrial paint waste ef uents. Exposure to this pollutant at an average of 925 ppm can cause dizziness, drowsiness, respiratory tract irritation, and central nervous system suppression. That is why it seeks to minimize the risk associated with this contaminant through treatment alternatives. The characterization of the sample yielded the detection of the following contaminants: methyl ester, 1-butanol, 1-4 dioxane, butyl ester, 1-chlorobutane. The objective of this work was the design and development of combined treatments for the removal of butyl acetate in industrial waste ef uents. For this, a physicoche- mical treatment coupled to an advanced oxidation process (PAO) was implemented. The results showed that the coupled treatments are ef - cient for the removal of butyl acetate, methyl ester, 1-chlorobutane and 1-butanol, while for 1-4 dioxane it was reduced by approximate- ly 83%. The study was complemented with the evaluation of the fo- llowing parameters, resulting in a decrease in electrical conductivity of 99.5%, total suspended solids of 74%, color of 93%, turbidity of 55% and COD of 73%.

Optimization Studies on the Coagulation–Flocculation Process for PWW Treatment Using Cactus oputia Extract: Comparative Studies for Performance Evaluation

The treatment of Paint Waste Water, PWW is an important global issue for the minimization of water pollution especially in a developing country like Nigeria. The coagulation–flocculation process using Cactus Oputia Extract, COE as natural coagulant is reported for PWW treatment in the present study. The important process parameters pH, settling time, coagulant dosage and initial concentration were optimized using design of experiments (DOE). A full factorial composite experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) were used to obtain the optimum values of the parameters. Also utilized in this study were Artificial Neural Network, ANN and Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System, ANFIS for performance evaluation. Using the numerical optimization technique of the design expert software, a combination of factors which concurrently fulfil the requirements placed on the response variable were determined. The best effluent removal efficiency was predicted to be 89.78% at the optimum values of the process parameters pH 6, settling time 30 mins, coagulant dosage 3 g and initial concentration 1.2 mg/l in this study.

Experimental and simulation study of rubber/cement paste interface modified by waste paint and silica in two stages

The processing of waste tires as one of the raw materials into rubber cement-based materials is gradually developing as an effective method for waste disposal, but the addition of rubber particles can adversely affect the mechanical properties of concrete, and a large number of studies have shown that the weak interfacial transition zone (ITZ) between rubber and cement matrix is one of the key factors limiting the material properties. To address this problem, this paper adopts a bottom-up investigation of the interfacial modification mechanism of rubber cement paste from molecular to macro scales, so as to evaluate the effects of one-stage and two-stage modification of the rubber surface using polyacrylic paint and silica powder on the mechanical properties of rubber-cement paste. Mechanical property tests show that the modified rubber cement paste increased the flexural strength by 13%-34% and the compressive strength by 12%-27% at 28 d age. Contact angle tests and SEM-EDS analysis verify the bridging effect of the modifiers on the interface between rubber and cement paste. Finally, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations reveal that the modified interfacial models have a maximum increase of 38% in pullout force and 71.8% in adhesion energy. Combined with RDF analysis, the modification mechanism is found to enhance interfacial bonding mainly through non-bonding interactions, which explains the mechanism of the one-stage and two-stage modifications from the molecular scale.

Investigation of Biosorption Behavior of Red-254, a Textile Waste Paint on Activated Sugar Beet Pulp

&lt;p&gt;In this study, activated sugar beet pulp as a biosorbent was used to remove Red-254 dye from aqueous solutions. The contact time, pH, biosorbent dosage and temperature were chosen as the parameters affecting the biosorption process. In the experiments, the batch adsorption technique was used. The isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were calculated by using the data obtained from the experiments. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model with R2 &amp;gt; 0.998 in all cases were individually fitted to experimental data. The maximum monolayer biosorption capacity was found to be 84.75 mg.g-1. Additionally, from the positive values of ∆Ho and the negative values of ∆Go, it can be expressed that biosorption processes were carried out with endothermic, physical adsorption, spontaneous and thermodynamically favorable. As a result, the sugar beet pulp, which can be found as waste from the sugar factories, can be used as biosorbent for the removal of Red 254 dye from aqueous solutions.&lt;/p&gt;&#x0D;

Utilisation of persistent chemical pollutant incorporating with nanoparticles to modify the properties of geopolymer and cement concrete

The majority of industrial products are identified as persistent organic pollutants after their date of expiry, which is highly harmful to the ecosystem and human health and also going to be banned around the world. Paint latex is one of those pollutants which become a hazardous waste material after stocking for a long time. Approximately 20% of color paints do not get used for their desired purpose after getting sold out and end up in a landfill. Now a day's construction industry is inclining towards the various types of geo-polymer concrete since it does not require cement. But that geo-polymer concrete has too much less workability as compared to the same grade of control cement concrete. To achieve the desired workability as well as other properties of geo-polymer concrete by using waste paint latex as performance improving admixture is the main motive of the present research. Fourteen different mixes of control and calcined clay-based geo-polymer concrete have been prepared by adding up to 3% waste paint latex of weight of cementitious materials and a detailed study has been done on various properties such as workability, rheology, shrinkage, strength and its microstructure. The presence of nanoparticles of TiO2 in waste paint latex has helped to produce extra hydration products, by which the mechanical properties, durability and microstructure of both traditional and geo-polymer concrete have increased. It has been concluded that a higher dose of waste paint latex improves the workability but the strength and durability properties of traditional and geo-polymer concrete improve up to 2–2.5% of waste paint latex replaced to water.

Effect of Dispersing Agents on the Stability of Recycled Paints

In a circular economy approach, paint waste is recycled and reformulated to be transformed into new paints. In this regard, the lifespan of recycled paints must be properly assessed and extended beyond their preliminary specifications. This study aimed to improve the stability of waterborne acrylic paints by adding dispersing agents. Seventeen dispersing agents were added to two formulations of recycled paints: one stable, and one showing signs of instability. Their stability was characterized by analytical centrifugation and quantification of the supernatant. Among the tested dispersing agents, four showed a significant improvement in stability in both tests. These dispersants belong to the four possible categories of stabilization mechanisms: electrostatic, steric, electrosteric, and controlled stabilization. Electrosteric dispersing agents are especially effective in both paints. The combination of two dispersants does not have a synergistic effect.

Brief Discussion on Spray Paint Waste Gas and Its Treatment Measures and Effects

Brief Discussion on Spray Paint Waste Gas and Its Treatment Measures and Effects

Remediation of Pb-contaminated soil using modified bauxite refinery residue

This study examines amendment of Pb-contaminated soil with modified bauxite refinery residue (MBRR) to decrease soil Pb mobility and bioaccessibility. Amendment experiments were conducted using four soils contaminated with Pb from various sources, including smelting, shooting-range activities and Pb-based paint waste. Lead L3-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) indicated that Pb speciation in these soils was a mixture of Pb sorbed to Fe (hydr)oxide and clay minerals, along with Pb bound to organic matter. Amendment with MBRR decreased water-soluble Pb and/or Toxicity Characteristic Leachate Procedure (TCLP) Pb concentrations. Lead L3-edge XAS and X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated that Pb retention by MBRR occurred via sorption to Fe- and Al-(hydr)oxides at low Pb loadings, in addition to formation of hydrocerussite (Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2) at high loadings. Soil amendment with MBRR had relatively little effect on gastric-phase Pb bioaccessibility; as quantified via the Solubility/Bioavailability Research Consortium, SBRC, in vitro assay. In contrast, amendment with MBRR caused substantial decreases in relative intestinal-phase Pb bioaccessibility (Rel-SBRC-I) due to increased Pb sorption by MBRR’s Fe- and Al-hydr(oxide) minerals as simulated GI tract conditions shifted from the gastric- to the intestinal-phase. These decreases in Rel-SBRC-I point to the potential efficacy of using amendment with MBRR to decrease soil Pb bioavailability.

Comprehensive understanding the emission characteristics and kinetics of VOCs from automotive waste paint sludge in a environmental test chamber

• Present the first study on emission characteristics and kinetics of VOCs from automotive waste paint sludge. • Internal diffusion-controlled mechanism is dominant during the whole emission period. • Oxygenated compounds are more easier to diffuse than aromatic hydrocarbons from paint sludge to air. • Oil-based wet paint sludge has higher TVOC and longer emission than others. • The first-order kinetic equation is suitable for describing the emission mass flux of VOCs and TVOC.

Incorporating waste to develop environmentally-friendly concrete mixes

The inclusion of various waste products in concrete mixes was studied, with the intent of being used in an aviation construction project. The waste products investigated were waste plastic aggregates, fly ash and recycled glass powder as supplementary cementitious materials, waste glass sand as fine aggregate partial replacement, and waste latex paint as a polymeric admixture. The objective of the mix design testing was to develop three concrete mixes which met specific design requirements set by the project whilst reducing greenhouse gas emissions and landfill mass when compared with standard mix designs provided by the concrete plant.A three phase trial mix design process was followed, where the influence of plastic aggregate as a natural aggregate binder replacement was investigated, in conjunction with the addition of fly ash as a supplementary cementitious material, glass sand and waste paint. Through testing for the hardened properties of the concrete mixes, and microscopic analysis of cross-section samples, mix designs which achieved the structural performance objectives were developed. A Life Cycle Assessment to compare the potential environmental impact reduction of the recycled material mix designs was conducted, focusing on the product stage considering the variation in quantity of raw materials (A1) across mixes, and their transport (A2) to batching plant located in Auckland. The LCA found that two of the three recycled material mix designs gave potential environmental impact reductions of over 10% in six of the 7 categories, and over 20% in three of the 7 categories.

Sustainable operations-oriented painting process optimisation in automobile maintenance service

Building a more sustainable society is an urgent requirement for today's service-oriented manufacturing enterprises, such as automobile maintenance firms. In automobile maintenance service, traditional painting process scheduling scheme usually only considers the profits of enterprises, ignoring the requirements of customers or other stakeholders. To address this gap and achieve sustainable operations of enterprises in the long term, this paper concentrated on the vehicle scheduling of painting process problem with the concern of the demands of managers, workers, customers, governments and non-government environmental protection organisations. This problem was formulated as a nonlinear 0–1 integer programming model to minimise makespan (MP), total pollutant emissions (TPE) and total customers' perceived dissatisfaction (TCPDS). A genetic algorithm was designed to solve the model, and a practical case using data from both the information system and the survey was performed to test the performance of the proposed model and algorithm. Computational results revealed that the genetic algorithm performed well in terms of validity and stability. Pareto solutions demonstrated that optimising task sequences helped increase customers' perceived satisfaction while improving the makespan of vehicle painting, decreased paint waste, and reduced worker health and safety risks. Some of the increases in the percentage of well-timed customer service reservations were catalysed by the method that combined tiered pricing, related to delivery times, the automobile painting efficiency, which improved customers' perceived satisfaction. This paper also further guides managers to incorporate sustainable development into operations in service-oriented manufacturing enterprises.

Coarse Technogenic Material in Urban Surface Deposited Sediments (USDS)

In the current paper, the analysis of heavy mineral concentrate (Schlich analysis) was used to study the particles of technogenic origin in the samples of urban surface-deposited sediments (USDS). The USDS samples were collected in the residential areas of 10 Russian cities located in different economic, climatic, and geological zones: Ufa, Perm, Tyumen, Chelyabinsk, Nizhny Tagil, Magnitogorsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Rostov-on-Don, Murmansk, and Ekaterinburg. The number of technogenic particles was determined in the coarse particle size fractions of 0.1–0.25 and 0.25–1 mm. The types of technogenic particle were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The amount of technogenic material differed from city to city; the fraction of technogenic particles in the samples varied in the range from 0.01 to 0.43 with an average value of 0.18. The technogenic particles in USDS samples were represented by lithoid and granulated slag, iron and silicate microspheres, fragments of brick, paint, glass, plaster, and other household waste. Various types of technogenic particle differed in morphological characteristics as well as in chemical composition. The novelty and significance of the study comprises the following: it has been shown that technogenic particles are contained in a significant part of the USDS; the quantitative indicators of the accumulation of technogenic particles in the urban landscape have been determined; the contributions of various types of particles to the total amount of technogenic material were estimated for the urban landscape; the trends in the transformation of typomorphic elemental associations in the urban sediments associated with the material of technogenic origin were demonstrated; and the alteration trends in the USDS microelemental content were revealed, taking into account the impurities in the composition of technogenic particles.

Mixed-integer linear programming models for the paint waste management problem

Hazardous wastes have significant negative impacts on environment and people, which make their management a prominent task. A general hazardous waste reverse logistics network consists of sources, collection centers, treatment centers, processing/recycling facilities, and disposal facilities. We study a reverse logistics network specifically for household hazardous wastes and examine its difference from a non-hazardous and industrial waste network. We consider multi-objective mixed-integer deterministic and stochastic mathematical models that are designed to answer the following questions: which facilities or centers should be opened, which routes should be utilized, and how much waste should be transported to each location in order to minimize the transportation cost, transportation/site risk, and to maximize household convenience for the purpose of participation increase at collection stage. Specifically, we propose an optimization framework for the management of hazardous household wastes, and consider the waste paint network in the City of Toronto, Ontario, Canada as a test bed for our analysis. Finally, we provide easy-to-interpret visualization tools for the problem, which help interpreting the model outcomes and identifying policy insights.

Sustainable options for paints through a life cycle assessment method

In recent years, the paint industry has addressed the development of products, technologies, and packaging to build conditions to improve environmental performance in accordance to the circular economy goals. For these reasons, a life cycle thinking approach allows for the understanding of the most important steps for pursuing closed-loop strategies and related goals. This paper provides a twofold analysis: first, a comparison of two paints, characterised by different chemical compositions, has been carried out according to the current production cycle (baseline scenario); second, for each product, two additional and alternative scenarios have been hypothesised. These scenarios focus on the use of waste paint blended with virgin paint, and the use of a high rate of recycled inputs of packaging materials. The aim is first to assess the environmental impacts of the life cycles of the paints and identify feasible measures to reduce these impacts. The second aim is to choose the better option between scenarios, according to a circular economy approach. The results highlight that the production and supply of raw materials have the greatest impact on both paints, for all impact indicators. Consequently the use of waste paint reduces environmental impacts by roughly 48%, on average. Furthermore, the packaging options allow us to determine that the use of 50% recycled polypropylene had a better environmental performance than 100% recycled aluminium, although the contribution of packaging is negligible in the total impact indicators. Confirming the results, the sensitivity analysis on the waste paint use has been undertaken.

Concrete Brick Production Using a Mixture of Paint Waste by Solidification Process

Unutilized hazardous and toxic waste requires management and landfill costs. Hazardous and toxic paint waste can be used as additional raw material to make brick products through solidification. Concrete bricks are made from a mixture of cement (1 part) and sand (14 parts) with the addition of water for mixing purpose. The mixture composition is 0,1,2,4,6, and 8% by using paint waste as the raw material added. Then, the quality of concrete brick products is tested on compressive strength and water permeability. The test results can be used as recommendations for the use of paint waste into products and reduce waste management costs.