Experimental investigation and optimization of dual fuel combustion using diesel/gasoline and Bio-oil extracted from Co-thermal liquefaction of paint/biomass wastes: An approach towards waste to energy

Abstract

A higher-grade transport fuel from both non-biodegradable paint waste and biomass plant Prosopis Juliflora is obtained in the most economical and eco-friendly way by hydrothermal liquefaction process. The yielded bio-oil is experimented on a diesel engine in dual fuel combustion (DFC) strategy and compared with the conventional diesel combustion (CDC). In DFC, the secondary fuels (gasoline, bio-oil, and premixed gasoline-bio-oil blends) are port injected at different premixed ratios (10, 20 and 30%), while the primary diesel fuel is directly injected into the cylinder. DFC of diesel - bio-oil (DB) exhibited higher brake thermal efficiency than premixed gasoline at all power outputs and performed closer to neat diesel. Lower smoke emission is observed in DB than neat diesel and the DFC of diesel-gasoline (DG) at all conditions. At 30% premixed ratio, the smoke opacity of DFC of diesel and premixed bio-oil - gasoline (DGB) is 65.7% and 68% respectively compared to that of CDC (76.4%). At all loads, average NOx emission of DGB (20% gasoline) is abated by 23.2, 7.8 and 12.9% than CDC and 20% of DB and DG respectively but almost equal to neat diesel at full load. The experimental data are used to train an artificial network (ANN) and the trained ANN is used to generate sufficient data for optimizing the fuel concentration using TOPSIS algorithm to realize an overall improved performance and emissions. The optimized combustion modes arrived from this study are: CDC for 25% load, DFC of DGB (D90G2B8) for 50% load and DFC of DB for 75% (D89B11) and 100% (D86B14) loads.