Pain Felt Research Articles

Thermal contrast enhancement predicts paradoxical heat sensation

Paradoxical Heat Sensation (PHS) is the remarkable feeling of warmth or heat pain while the skin is cooling. Despite its initial documentation over 100 years ago, a unified explanation for this perplexing experience remains elusive. Here we apply contrast enhancement principles, known for their instrumental role in understanding visual illusions, to the domain of thermosensation. Contrast enhancement describes the amplification of two contrasting visual features, such as the enhanced perception of an edge between a light and dark bar. In thermosensation, this encompasses an enhancement of the difference between sequential warming and cooling of the skin, and is defined as the normalised difference between successive temporal warm and cold temperatures. Remarkably, thermal contrast predicts the occurrence of PHS. Our findings reveal compelling evidence supporting the role of thermal contrast in the generation of PHS, shedding light on its underlying mechanism and offering a framework for broader encoding principles in thermosensation and pain.

The Impact of Different Anterior Cruciate Ligament Status on Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty: Short Term Clinical and Functional Results

Purpose: Purpose of this study is to compare the short-term results of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty applied stable knees regardless of the condition of the ACL and the application of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty and ACL reconstruction combined surgery applied to ACL deficient cases with anterior instability and to identify the condition and function of the ACL for success in this surgery. Patients and Methods: 80 out of the 105 patients who were operated in 2013-2015 and came for follow-up were included in the study and the patients were divided into four groups. The VAS pain score, KSS Score, WOMAC score, OKS questionnaires and joint range of motion measurements were conducted pre-operatively and post-operatively. One leg standing test, joint position sense measurement, and isokinetic muscle strength test were performed in post-operative controls. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the demographic data and follow-up of the groups (p˃0.05). While there was a statistically significant difference in knee flexion between Group 2-Group 4 and Group 3-Group 4 in the pre-operative period, no difference was found in the post-operative period (p˃0.05). While there was no difference among the groups, knee joint range of motion in direction of extension declined in a statistically significant way in all four groups (p˂0.05). Pain felt postoperatively was the most in Group 1 and the least in Group 3. A statistically significant difference was found between Group 1 and Group 3 in the test performed with the eyes closed (p˂0.05). Conclusion: The presence of a functional anterior cruciate ligament is expected to make a positive contribution to surgical results especially in young patients with high activity expectation. Whether the patient’s ACL rupture is primary or secondary and his/her activity expectation should be effective in the choice of a surgical method.

Pages of Eugenie de Guerin’s “Diary” in the musical embodiment by Darius Milhaud

Statement of the problem. The vocal-instrumental cycle «D’un cahier inédit du journal d’Eugénie de Guérin» (“From the Unpublished Diary by Eugénie de Guérin”) op. 27 (1915) is a work by D. Milhaud that was composed when the composer was twenty-four years old. The literary source attracts attention for the fact that it was written not to demonstrate the literary talent of the poetess, but as a confession of the human soul. Currently, domestic musicology does not have significant experience in researching musical interpretations of works of this type, and the “Diary by Eugénie de Guérin” has never been translated into Ukrainian. The vocal-instrumental cycle of D. Milhaud, created on this poetic basis, has not been systematically analyzed. Therefore, the study of this little-known in Ukraine opus of one of the brightest composers of the “Group of Six” appears as an urgent research task. In addition, a detailed analysis of vocal and instrumental works of the era of modernism will contribute to a deeper immersion in the spiritual world of representatives of this artistic direction, as well as to the expansion of the modern performing repertoire. Objectives, methods, and novelty of the research. The purpose of the study is to systematically analyze the composer’s interpretation of the “poems with music” included in the vocal-instrumental cycle by D. Milhaud. The scientific novelty of it is due to the fact that D. Milhaud’s vocalinstrumental cycle «D’un cahier inédit du journal d’Eugénie de Guérin» op. 27 has not been studied in detail in the national musicology. For the first time it was considered to find out what musical means of expression the composer used to convey the idea declared by the author’s remark «douloureusement» («painful»), which accompanies all the numbers of the work. The work set the task of revealing the specifics of the means of musical expressiveness used by the composer to embody the semantics of poetic images related to the feelings of physical and mental pain that D. Milhaud found in the poetic original source. In the study, for the first time, a linear Ukrainian translation of the verbal text of D. Milhaud’s cycle is provided. Historical and contextual, comparative, systematic and analytical research methods were used. Research results and conclusion. «D’un cahier inédit du journal d’Eugénie de Guérin» is associated with the feeling of pain and sadness, which accompanies all three numbers. Each poem with music gravitates toward a certain tonal sphere. The composer refers to an extended tonality. This principle emphasizes the coloristic function of the musical palette of the work. The cycle reveals a montage type of drama and laconicism of expression. The texture of the vocal-instrumental cycle is polyphonized, especially in the third number, which has fugato features. The harmony is saturated with such intervals as fourth, fifth and tritone. This is associated with images of devastation, pain, mental and physical suffering. The use of fifth that dominates in the musical texture of the work and it is the semantic grain, the key of the intonational dramaturgy, is also served this goal. The vocal part is declamatory and recitative, close to the type of psalmody, the rhythm is complex, directly oriented to poetic versification. D. Milhaud tends to use variable sizes, which is connected with the specific of Eugène de Guérin’s verse technique, The analysis of the musical drama revealed leitintonemes and symbols: the intonemas of the bell sounds, lullaby, destiny, sigh, wheel. The prospects for further research related to the study of D. Milhaud’s vocal and instrumental works of the mature period, comparative analysis with early examples of his work and identification of the peculiarities of the formation of an individual style by the composer.

Self-compassion improves emotion regulation and mental health outcomes: A pilot study of an online self-compassion program for autistic adults.

Self-compassion is when we are aware of our feelings and thoughts, are friendly toward ourselves, and realize everyone feels pain and makes mistakes. Self-compassion is associated with having better mental health and well-being in autistic and non-autistic people. But we do not know if autistic people's self-compassion can be improved through psychoeducation and self-compassion practices. We co-produced an online self-guided self-compassion program based on evidence-based self-compassion practices for autistic adults called the Self-compassion Program for Autistic Adults. This program included live-experiences videos of autistic adults reflecting on their self-compassion and self-critical experiences. This study piloted the program with 39 autistic adults. We wanted to see if these autistic adults' self-compassion, emotion regulation, mental health, and psychological well-being improved after completing this program. We found that the autistic participants' self-compassion, emotion regulation, mental health, and psychological well-being improved significantly after completing the program over 5 weeks. We also found that just over half of the participants reported experiencing negative reactions associated with self-compassion practices. We suggested some clinical implications, including a recommendation for emotion regulation interventions to incorporate self-compassion to help promote access to the affiliative system. In addition, autistic adults who are psychologically vulnerable may need to work with mental health professionals while developing self-compassion to help manage the possible negative reactions associated with some self-compassion practices.

Prevalence of Plantar fasciitis in academic physical therapists of KMU affiliated Institutes and clinical physical therapists in tertiary care hospitals: A cross sectional study

Background: Plantar fasciitis is the most common cause of heel pain affecting both academic and clinical physical therapists. Risk factors for developing PF are; prolong standing, BMI >40, age, gender and inappropriate footwear. Its symptoms particularly aggravates in the morning while taking few steps. In general, PF is a self-limiting condition because of it resolves quickly. Aims: The aim of this study is to find the prevalence of plantar fasciitis and its association in academic and clinical physical therapists. Methods: This was cross sectional study to explore association of plantar fasciitis between academic and clinical physical therapists. 197 physical therapists were examined for plantar fasciitis by PFPS tool for plantar fasciitis pain. Plantar fasciitis Pain Scale questionnaire was filled by physical therapists for checking plantar fasciitis pain in physical therapists. Results: Individuals of mean age 25-28 were more prone to develop plantar fasciitis. Out of 197, 102 (53%) females and 92 (47%) males were likely to develop plantar fasciitis.28.9% of people with plantar fasciitis felt pain at the bottom of the heel. According to our study; regarding the relation between academic PT's, clinical PT's and VAS, data was gathered from PT's in the institutes and hospitals. The results were analyzed using chi-square test. The results of chi-square test revealed that there is a strong positive correlation (p <0.05) between two variables (p = 0.00). When academic and clinical PT's were associated with VAS, for both the percentage of moderate pain was 58.9% as they are more exposed to weight bearing so, there are more chances of plantar fasciitis development. Conclusion: Plantar fasciitis was mostly found among clinical physical therapists commonly affecting bottom sole area of the foot. Plantar fasciitis was positively associated with age, gender; however, PFPS was not associated with it.

Effect of Guggulu Tiktakam Kashayam in Uterine Fibroid

The most common benign uterine tumours affecting women in reproductive and perimenopausal stages are fibroids or leiomyomas. There is strong evidence that estrogen and progesterone promote the growth of fibroids, despite the fact that their exact aetiology is still unclear. This is because fibroids seldom arise before menarche and retreat after menopause. The most prevalent reason for hysterectomy is fibroids. Menorrhagia, polymenorrhoea, metrorrhagia, intermenstrual bleeding, infertility, repeated abortions, pain and pressure feelings, abdominal lumps, and vaginal discharge are a few of the symptoms they exhibit clinically. In Ayurveda there is no exact correlation for uterine fibroid. Fibroids can be considered as Mamsa Grandhis, one among the Grandhis described by Charaka and Vagbhata. They increase the surface area of the endometrial tissue in the uterus when present, causing excessive bleeding, pressure feelings, dysmenorrhea, and even infertility. Vata-Kapha predominant Tridoshas have a role in the aetiology of the Granthi Roga, necessitating the use of Vata-kaphahara medicines. As Granthi can also be caused by Mandagni, in Granthi chikitsa we can make use of Dravyas that are Deepana pachana. According to Acharya Susrutha, Sopha Chikitsa is included in the Apakwa Granthi chikitsa. In Mamsa granthi chikitsa, Shothagna, Lekhana, Chedhana, and Vatanulomana dravyas may be utilised. Asrigdara chikitsa and Raktapitta chiktsa can be used to treat fibroids when heavy, prolonged menstrual cycles are present. A 38 year old lady was presented with complaints of heavy, prolonged bleeding during menstruation along with lower abdomen pain. On USG she was diagnosed with uterine fibroids. Guggulu tikitakam kashayam was given for 3 months and after follow up symptoms were evaluated. She was relieved from prolonged heavy bleeding during menstruation and lower abdomen pain. From this case report, it is evident that Guggulu tiktakam kashayam is effective in uterine fibroids

Pengaruh Endorphin Massage Terhadap Intensitas Nyeri Punggung Pada Ibu Hamil Trimester III: Systematic Review

Objective: Back pain is an uncomfortable feeling that pregnant women often experience during the third trimester. The centre of gravity influences the enlargement of the uterus, which stretches outward. Not only that, weakening of the abdominal muscles, changes in body position, and pressure on the back are also influenced by the centre of gravity in the mother's stomach. As a result, the pregnant woman's back will be pulled backwards, and the pregnant woman will arch her neck. This posture causes the lower back to curve and pulls the back muscles, causing pain. Endorphin massage is a massage that stimulates the body to generate endorphin compounds as pain relievers. The research aims to understand and determine the effect of endorphin massage on the intensity of back pain in third-trimester pregnant women. Methods: The method used in this research is the systematic literature review method using the Google Scholar and Research database. The procedure for collecting articles is from quantitative research journals from the last ten years & has a minimum index of Sinta 5. Articles from research journals are searched using the keywords "Endorphin Massage" AND "Pregnant Women". After the article you are looking for matches, the keyword appears; it is then selected again so that five articles are found. Results: Of the five articles, most of them discussed the impact of complementary therapy, significantly endorphin massage, which can minimise back pain felt by pregnant women, and the results showed that there was an influence of endorphin massage on pregnant women in the third trimester. Conclusion: From this literature review research, it can be concluded that endorphin massage influences reducing the intensity of back pain in third-trimester pregnant women

Description of Female Students Skills in Carrying Out Endorphin Massage Techniques to Reduce Menstrual Pain

Introduction: Menstrual pain is pain felt during the menstrual cycle. The prevalence of primary Menstrual pain is generally experienced by adolescent girls aged 17-24 years by 67-90%. Menstrual pain has been identified as the most common menstruation-related cause of short-term school absenteeism among young girls. So menstrual pain in adolescents needs attention and information to provide appropriate treatment both pharmacologically and non-pharmacologically. Pharmacological treatment for menstrual pain can be overcome with analgesic drugs but causes addiction and dangerous side effects. One effective way to prevent menstrual pain is relaxation in the form of hand massage with endorphin massage techniques. This technique increases the release of endorphin and oxytocin hormones which function to reduce pain and based on research results show that the effectiveness of endorphin massage is more effective in reducing pain. Objective: The purpose of this research is to determine the description of female students' skills in carrying out endorphin massage techniques to relieve menstrual pain. Method: This study uses a descriptive research design. The sample in this study was determined using a quota sampling technique, namely as many as 32 respondents who fit the inclusion criteria. Result: The result of the research that respondents were able to carry out more endorphin massage technique, namely 20 people (62.5%), whereas 12 respondents (37.5%) were skilled at performing endorphin massage techniques. Conclusion: Most respondents were able to carry out the endorphin massage technique to reduce menstrual pain. In adolescent girls include menstrual conditions, unbalanced nutritional intake, eating and drinking patterns, non-compliance with Fe tablet consumption and lack of knowledge.

Factors associated with pain sensation in patients with ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy.

TRUS-guided prostate biopsy is a current method used to obtain the histopathological material necessary to make a definitive diagnosis of prostate cancer. To investigate patient-related variables affecting the level of pain felt during prostate biopsy to determine what can be done to minimize pain. The study included 241 patients scheduled for prostate biopsy. Four patients who did not meet the criteria were excluded. Local anesthesia was administered intrarectally 10 minutes before the biopsy to 237 patients, and a conventional 12-core biopsy was performed. The level of pain felt by all patients during the biopsy was measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score. Pain scores were compared by forming groups according to the selected parameters. The mean age of the 237 included patients was 66.0±7.8 years, the mean serum PSA level was 33.7±197.5 ng/dL, and the mean prostate volume was 33.7±197.5 ml. The mean VAS score was 4.3±1.9. The pain score was higher in patients with positive digital rectal examination findings and lower in patients using 5-alpha reductase inhibitors(5-ARİ). At the same time, no significant difference was found in patients with positive tumor pathology, perineural invasion, alpha-blockers, or combination therapy. Some patient parameters may affect the level of pain felt during TRUS-guided prostate biopsy.

Is chronic urticaria or urticarial vasculitis a diagnostic dilemma?

Introduction. Urticarial vasculitis (UV) is a rare disease that has two components: clinical manifestations of urticaria and histopathological signs of cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis of small vessels, predominantly involving postcapillary venules. This condition is characterized by chronic or recurrent episodes of urticaria, each element of which lasts more than 24 hours and is accompanied by a feeling of pain and burning. The aim is to reveal the key points of pathogenetic mechanisms, differential diagnosis and therapeutic tactics of UV based on a clinical case. Clinical case. A clinical case of a 17-year-old boy with normocomplementemic UV is described. The patient's main complaint was a long-lasting rash (more than three weeks) with itching. From the anamnesis it is known that the provoking factors for the onset of the disease were an insect bite and the start of taking a new drug, namely vitamin K (two days before the onset of the disease). Throughout this time, the child was examined by various specialists and received treatment. Alternative diagnoses: bacterial folliculitis, viral exanthem, unspecified urticaria. There was no positive effect from the received treatment. The diagnosis of UV was made in the sixth week of the disease using a punch biopsy. Regression of the skin syndrome was achieved using a combination of antihistamine and antileukotriene drugs. Conclusions. Performing a punch biopsy, which is currently the gold standard for diagnosis, allows us to solve the diagnostic dilemma: “UV or chronic urticaria”. Timely diagnosis helps to avoid false diagnoses and, as a result, incorrect treatment of UV. The description of this clinical case is a contribution to the disclosure of this globally complex problem. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The informed consent of the child and child's parents was obtained for conducting the research. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors.

STRUVITE CRYSTAL UROLITHIASIS IN A 2 YEAR OLD CASTRATED MALE CAT

Urolithiasis, kidney failure, urinary tract infections are examples of disorders of the urinary tract that often become problems in cats. Urolithiasis is a medical term to describe the presence of stones or crystals known as “urolith” in the urinary tract. Inappropriate composition and feeding methods can cause nutritional imbalances in the cat's body, which can affect the acidity level (pH) of urine, urine volume and urine concentration which can cause the formation of excessive minerals in the urine. The aim of writing this article is to provide information regarding the treatment of crystal urolithiasis in local cats. A male cat named Goblin, has been castrated, has colored hair orange with body weight 5.3 kg, experiencing difficulty urinating since 3 weeks, excreting a small volume of urine, and blood in the urine. On physical examination the cat always curled up and felt pain when palpation was carried out abdominal part. The results of the cat's blood test showed leukocytosis, lymphocytosis, thrombocytopenia, and RDW CV increased and PCT decreased. The results of the cat's urinalysis showed presence of leukocytes +2, Protein +1, pH 8.0, specific gravity 1.030, Calcium +1, Microalbumin +1.Sediment test results also found the presence of deposits of magnesium ammonium phosphate crystal particles (struvite crystals).Results of urine culture examination bacteria were foundStaphylococcus sp. Ultrasound results showed enlargement of the left kidney and deposits of hyperechoic particles (crystals) accompanied by enlargement of the uterine sac. The cat was diagnosed with urolithiasis with a fausta prognosis. The cat was treated by installing a 4Fr/1.3x130mm urinary catheter and flushing using 0.9% physiological NaCl to make it easier for the cat to urinate. The therapy given is the antibiotic ciprofloxacin hcl 5 mg/kg BW s500 mg preparation with a dose of 50 mg/kg BW per oral (PO) administered 2 times a day for seven days, administering the anti-inflammatory dexamethasone 0.5 mg with a dose of 1 mg/kg BW PO and given 2 times a day for four days, and kejibeling herbal medicine 1 tablet times a day for seven days. Cats are also given feed therapy in the form of Royal Canin Urinary S/O for 3 months. Evaluation of the cat's condition improved after therapy for 7 days. There is a need to educate clients regarding cat care, feeding and drinking water. Therefore, the cat's feed in cases must be replaced by providing urinary therapy feed.

DENTAL STATUS OF PATIENTS WITH NEW CORONAVIRUS INFECTION COVID-19.

The aim of the investigation was to clarify the features of the clinical symptoms of patients with the new coronavirus infection COVID-19.
 Material and methods: A total of 156 patients undergoing treatment in COVID-hospitals were examined. The examination included the determination of the prevalence of: COVID 19 clinical symptoms, COVID 19 clinical manifestations in the oral cavity, concomitant diseases.
 Results. In the structure of general symptoms, complaints of hyperthermia, general weakness and cough (more often dry) played a leading role, which were noted by the overwhelming majority of the examined. Two-thirds of the patients reported body pain. The leading symptoms were also anosmia (in 68.6% of cases) and sweating (64.1%).More than half of the patients complained of shortness of breath (60.2%), difficulty in nasal breathing (55.1%), a feeling of tickling (58.3%) and pain (60.2%) in the throat. Among dental pathology, loss of taste (57.5%) and hyposalivation (38.5%) were the most common in patients. Bleeding gums were detected in 22.4% of the examined patients, which is most likely due to violations of the rheological properties of blood and changes in the hemodynamic provision of the periodontal during Covid19. Clinical manifestations of periodontal pathology do not occur immediately, but in the form of long-term complications. In this regard, it seems necessary to dynamically monitor the condition of patients who have undergone COVID-19 in different time periods.
 Conclusions. Hemostasis disorders characteristic of the new COVID-19 coronavirus infection certainly have an impact on the state of dental status, further destroying periodontal tissues. However, clinical manifestations of pathological effects may not occur immediately, but in the form of long-term complications. In this regard, it is necessary to dynamically monitor the condition of patients who have undergone COVID-19 in different time periods.

STUDY OF PATIENTS' QUALITY OF LIFE AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO AN ADDITIONAL DIAGNOSTIC METHOD IN THE EXAMINATION OF PATIENTS WITH DISLOCATED TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DISKS

"Quality of life is a concept used to assess and measure the level of satisfaction, health, comfort and general well-being of a person or group of people".
 The aim of the study was to investigate the QOL indicators of patients with dislocated TMJ articular discs during examination and treatment.
 The objective of this study is to determine the impact on the QOL of patients' orthopedic treatment of TMJ disc dislocations.
 The number of examined patients was 50, age 25 to 60 years, patients had a dislocated TMJ disk.
 In this study, we compared the QOL indicators in patients with dislocated TMJ discs before and after treatment, using the WHO QOL-100 questionnaire.
 The results of the study showed that the average score of the perception of overall quality of life and health (G) after treatment improved significantly. The study was divided into spheres: "Physical sphere" fatigue has significantly decreased, the feeling of pain and discomfort has disappeared, sleep has normalized, energy and strength have increased; "Psychological sphere" feelings and thinking have become more positive, concentration, self-esteem and appearance have improved, and anxiety has decreased; "Level of independence" increased daily activity and performance; "Social relationships" improved perception of relationships in society; "Environment" normalized general health of patients; in the "Spiritual sphere" patients became more confident.
 Thus, after orthopedic treatment of TMJ articular disc dislocations, QOL of patients improves significantly. The study of QOL in patients in the treatment of TMJ dislocations can be used as a diagnostic criterion for patient recovery.
 Directions for future research: the use of QOL research in assessing the quality of care of orthopedic dentists in the treatment of patients with TMJ dislocations.

Life Accentuation in Cognitive Dissonance and Hedonistic Behavior between Jakarta and Moscow Adolescents

Information and communication technology play an important role in the development of communication, one of which is the utilization of the online shop platform, to fulfill the desire for a hedonistic lifestyle. The changes in lifestyle focus on seeking unlimited pleasure and satisfaction. Life accentuation assumes that a person will feel happy by seeking happiness and avoiding feelings of pain, disappointment, and sadness. The research objective was to compare Jakarta and Moscow adolescents' cognitive dissonance and hedonism behavior. The comparative descriptive quantitative research method was used on 101 Moscow teenage respondents and 102 Jakarta respondents using cognitive dissonance theory and behavioral theory. The results were (1) ‘Looking for unlimited pleasure and satisfaction’ is ‘often’ (54.10%) by Jakarta teenagers, higher than Moscow teenagers (only 39.40%), and ‘sometimes’ (52.10%). (2) The dimension of ‘seeking as much happiness as possible and avoiding painful feelings’, Jakarta teenagers are 45.90% while Moscow teenagers are 36.60%, and ‘sometimes’ (56.30%). (3). For the dimensions of ‘seeking happiness symbolically’, Jakarta teenagers are more ‘often’ (53.10%) than Moscow teenagers (36.60%) and ‘sometimes’ (52.10%). (4) In the dimension of ‘pleasure is the most important thing in life’ there are differences between teenagers in Moscow and teenagers in Jakarta (54.10%) and Moscow teenagers are ‘often’ (63.40%) lower and ‘sometimes’ tend to behave hedonistically (63.40%).

Clinical Assessment of Preemptive Analgesia on Success of Pulpal Anesthesia and Postendodontic Pain in Children with Irreversible Pulpitis: A Randomized Comparative Study.

Optimal pain management of symptomatic pulpitis in formative years goes a long way in developing a positive dental attitude. Efforts should be made to increase the success of anesthesia, thus diminishing negative dental experiences. The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of preemptive analgesia on the success of pulpal anesthesia following inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) in children with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and on reducing postendodontic pain. The research design was an in vivo, three-group, parallel, quadruple-blind study. A total of 75 patients were randomly allocated to one of the three groups-group I: ibuprofen, group II: combination of ibuprofen and paracetamol, and group III: multivitamin (placebo). Premedication was given 45 minutes before treatment, and patients received IANB in a standardized manner. Pain during pulpectomy was recorded using the face, legs, activity, cry, consolability (FLACC) scale and postoperatively using Wong-Baker's pain rating scale (WBPRS) at 4, 12, and 24 hours. Success was measured if the pain felt was of no or mild intensity. Success of IANB was 64% for ibuprofen, 72% for the combination group, and 40% for the placebo group, with no statistically significant difference between all groups (p = 0.06) on the FLACC scale. At 4 hours postoperatively, a significant difference (p = 0.02) was found among groups with more children experiencing no or mild pain in groups I and II and the highest number of rescue medications taken by the placebo group. Ibuprofen and a combination of ibuprofen and acetaminophen as preemptive analgesics had no significant effect on the success rate of IANB, although it was effective in reducing pain at 4 hours postoperatively. Gori NA, Patel MC, Bhatt RK, et al. Clinical Assessment of Preemptive Analgesia on Success of Pulpal Anesthesia and Postendodontic Pain in Children with Irreversible Pulpitis: A Randomized Comparative Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(1):72-78.

The effectiveness of a rehabilitation program with aqueous media on the egree of pain and balance for those suffering from sacroiliitis in football players

Abstract in English The aim of this study is to identify the effectiveness of rehabilitation exercises in conjunction with aquatic therapy for those suffering from sacroiliitis in football players. The researcher used the experimental approach, using the experimental design (pre-measurement, post-measurement). Similar to the objectives and procedures of the research, the researcher assumed the following: the existence of significant differences. Statistics between pre- and post-measurements in variables in favor of post-measurement for the following variables (degree of pain and level of balance).
 The experimental approach was used with a pre- and post-measurement design on one group of football players with sacroiliitis, numbering (8) players whose ages ranged from (20 - 25 years). The program was applied for (8) weeks with (5) sessions in The week, the program included rehabilitation exercises inside and outside the aquatic environment, and the results of the research were. - The rehabilitation program prepared with hydrotherapy helped improve the general condition of the body and gradually disappear the feeling of pain in the joint clearly.
 The use of hydrotherapy led to the disappearance of the feeling of pain and thus had a positive effect on performance
 Prepared rehabilitation exercises and making the injured feel comfortable and improving the psychological state of the injured.
 - The prepared rehabilitation program has a clear effect in improving the balance of the muscles working in the pelvic joint.
 The exercises carried out clearly helped in the injured person's return to playing football normally.
 - Using rehabilitative exercises accompanying hydrotherapy has good results, better than applying only rehabilitative exercises.
 Recommendations: - Paying attention to following the rehabilitation program with hydrotherapy when football players suffer from sacroiliitis in order to avoid deterioration of the patient’s condition. The researcher also recommended using rehabilitative exercises with hydrotherapy and employing it consistently within rehabilitation programs for all pelvic joint injuries. - The researcher recommended the importance of functional tests as a criterion for the player’s return to playing football. - She pointed to the diversification and expansion of special research into the prevention of pelvic joint injuries using modern means and devices.
 
 Keywords: sacroiliitis, hydrotherapy, degree of pain, and instability.

Effects of Mosquito-Imitated Microneedle’s Reciprocating Rotations on Puncture Resistance Forces—Evaluations by Puncturing Experiments and Nonlinear FEM Analyses—

Development of a low-invasive microneedle is currently desired in the medical field to mitigate the patients’ stress and pain. We have paid attention to mosquitoes that puncture the skin without giving humans no feelings of pain. We have observed mosquitoes and found that when their proboscis punctures human skin, they make the following three behaviors: apply tension to human skin; rotate their proboscis; vibrate their proboscis. In our previous studies, we developed a bundled set of three microneedle imitating the mosquito’s proboscis and experimentally proved the usefulness of their alternate vibrations, which is one of the mosquito’s puncturing behaviors. However, the setting of three needles with proper clearances from each other was difficult, making their driving system too complex to practically use it. Therefore, we have developed a simplified microneedle by reducing the number of needles from three to two or one. This paper has focused on the effects of the rotations of a single needle. Using our developed microneedle with a diameter of 90 µm and the thinnest commercial microneedle with a diameter of 180 µm, we evaluated the effect of reciprocating rotation, one of the mosquitoes’ puncturing behaviors, by puncture experiments using artificial skin and nonlinear finite element method (FEM) analysis. As a result, it was found that the reciprocating rotation suppresses the puncture resistance force and the skin deflection.

Penerapan Algoritma Naive Bayes untuk Klasifikasi Demam Berdarah Dengue di RSUD dr. Achmad Darwis

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a disease transmitted through the bite of the Aedes Aegypti mosquito. Limapuluh Kota Regency BPS stated that the morbidity rate due to dengue fever was 14.40% per 100,000 population, this figure jumped high from the previous year with a morbidity rate of 3.30% per 100,000 population. The main symptoms of dengue fever are fever that lasts for 2-7 days, pain felt in the muscles and joints accompanied by a rash or no rash, dizziness, and even vomiting blood. Dengue infection can cause various clinical symptoms, ranging from dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever, to dengue shock syndrome. Based on this, there is a need for a classification method that can help and facilitate early diagnosis of dengue fever. The method used is Naive Bayes by classifying dengue positive and dengue negative patients. The aim of this research is to determine the results of the classification of patients suffering from dengue fever, as well as to determine the level of accuracy using the Naive Bayes method. Based on research that has been carried out, the results of the classification of patients are 58 correct and 14 patients classified incorrectly. The accuracy results obtained in this algorithm were quite high, namely 80%, while the sensitivity was 65% and the specificity was 86.5%.

Daily habits and kidney stones development rate. Literature review

Introduction: Kidney stones disease is a medical condition when hard deposites made of various minerals and substances form inside kidneys. It may lead to clinical symptoms as severe pain felt in the belly area or side of the back. Also it can radiate and reach testicles, groin area, labia. Other symptoms may include blood in the urine, abnormal color of urine, fever, nausea, vomiting. Because of growing incidence rate- adequate question is how can we protect ourselves from kidney stones development by changing habits.
 
 Aim of study: Fundamental aim of study is to demonstrate how daily, routine habits changes may have a huge impact on kidney stones development risk.
 
 State of knowledge: There are a lot of confirmed parameters and factors which can lead to kidney stones devolopment. Factors that increase risk of developing kidney stones include: dehydration, diet (meat intake, fruit/vegetables intake, sodium intake), family or personal history, obesity, digestive diseases and surgery, metabolic disorders, urinary track infections, anatomical abnormalities- obstruction of the kidney, calyceal diverticulum, horseshoe kidney, ureterocele. This group includes many modified factors, so lifetime risk of kidney stones depends also on our habits and way of life.
 
 Conclusion: There are many modified factors which may lead to this disease and because of that it is crucial to improve patients and whole society awareness about them. By appropriate daily habits changes we can significantly reduce risk of lifetime kidney stone disease development. It is important to know that concrete reports and analyses were made and they demonstrated scientifically proven correlations.

Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) Tapping for Pediatric Emergency Department Staff During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evaluation of a Pilot Intervention.

Emergency-department (ED) staff may experience psychologic distress due to the stressful nature of their work. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated this distress. Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) tapping, a somatic psychophysiologic intervention combining vibratory acupressure with elements of cognitive-behavioral and exposure therapies, can reduce psychologic distress. This study tested the short-term effect of 10-minute EFT tapping on the psychologic distress of pediatric ED staff responding to COVID-19. During the COVID-19 pandemic, diverse staff in the pediatric ED of a New York City teaching hospital participated in this single-group study. A licensed creative arts therapist led participants in 10-minute EFT tapping sessions. A self-report questionnaire with 7 items based on the Trauma Exposure Response framework was administered immediately pre- and postintervention. Standardized mean differences between both timepoints were calculated. There were statistically significant reductions for 6 of the 7 items studied, including stress (3.32-2.14), obsessive and intrusive thoughts (2.50-1.85), feelings of pressure (3.20-2.17), loneliness (1.84-1.44), and emotional and physical pain (2.28-1.70); all P < 0.001. No significant changes in professional satisfaction were reported following the intervention. Despite the limitations of a single-arm study design, a 10-minute brief EFT tapping session was a promising way to reduce short-term psychologic distress in pediatric ED health care workers. Future studies, including rigorous randomized controlled trials, are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of brief EFT tapping interventions in other settings.