Paederia Foetida Research Articles

Antimicrobial effects of different extracts of medicinally used green leafy vegetables collected from local market of Dhaka, Bangladesh

The present study was carried out to determine the antimicrobial efficacy of green leafy vegetable samples which are traditionally used as medicinal herbs. Therefore, three samples each of Neem (Azadirachta indica, leaves), Ivy Gourd (Coccinia grandis, leaves), Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatica, leaves) and Skunkvine (Paederia foetida, leaves) were collected and subjected to microbiological analysis, and agar well diffusion and microdilution assays to check antimicrobial activity. The samples contained total viable bacteria and fungi up to 107 and 105 CFU/g, respectively. Staphylococcus spp., Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. were recovered in all the samples. All the samples showed potential antibacterial activity against most of the tested bacteria, especially their ethanolic and methanolic extracts. Although, crude and hot water extracts almost had no effect on the bacterial growth. The MIC value of the samples was found in a range of 3 mg/mL to 12 mg/mL and the average MIC value was recorded to be 6 mg/mL. Overall, the findings of the present study justified the therapeutic potential of the tested green leafy vegetable samples.

Etnobotani Tumbuhan Liar sebagai Sumber Pangan di Dusun Mendiro, Kecamatan Wonosalam, Jombang

Mendiro Village is a small hamlet located in Wonosalam District, Jombang Regency. Indigenous villagers in Mendiro Village have a knowledge related to the use of wild plants as foods to fullfill life necessities. This study aims to determine the types, parts of plant organs, processing methods, and categories of utilization of wild plants in Mendiro Village, Wonosalam District, Jombang Regency. This research was conducted in March-May 2018. This study used a qualitative method with ethnobotany approach techniques through semistructured interviews and participatory observation. The results of the study found 43 species of wild plants that were used as food plants and belonging to the 26 families. The most widely used families were Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, and Poaceae. Plant parts that were widely used were leaves and fruits. The utilization of wild plants is conducted by directly consuming and by processing first. Wild plants are found in several places, such as forests, fields, yards, and on the roadside. The highest frequency of citation in this study that reached 100% are for pegagan (Centella asiatica), jelateng (Toxicodendron radicans), basil (Ocymum basilicum), simbukan (Paederia foetida), bayam banci (Amaranthus tricolor), mint leaves (Mentha piperita Linn), mbotem (Colocasia esculenta), suweg (Morphophallus campanulatus), and kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth). Keywords: citation frequency, ethnobotany, food plants, mendiro

Natural Area Weeds: Skunkvine (Paederia foetida)

This 4-page document provides information on the characteristics and control of skunkvine. Written by S. F. Enloe, S. C. Marble, and K. A. Langeland, and published by the Agronomy Department, November 2019. SS-AGR-80/WG208: Natural Area Weeds: Skunkvine (Paederia foetida) (ufl.edu)

Comparative study of antibacterial activity and phytochemical analysis of stem, root and leaf extracts of Paederia foetida L. against phytopathogenic bacteria

Paederia foetida L. (Skunk vine) is an indigenous weedy plant which is also known to have antimicrobial activity and to possess a broad spectrum of uses for medicinal purposes and as a food ingredient, but its beneficial effects for agriculture are still unknown. The objectives of this study were to determine the anti-phytopathogenic bacterial activity and phytochemical composition of crude extracts from different parts of P. foetida using 95% ethanol as a solvent and screening of crude extracts for antibacterial activity using the agar disc diffusion method. The results showed that the crude extract of roots mixed with stems and leaves of P. foetida (1:1:1 weight per weight) at a concentration of 100 mg/mL had highly effective antibacterial activity with inhibition zone diameters of 10.00 mm, 7.00 mm and 10.33 mm for Xanthomonas campestris, Erwinia carotovora and Ralstonia solanacearum, respectively. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of P. foetida crude extract for inhibition of X. campestris and R. solanacearum were ≥ 6.25 mg/mL and ≥ 3.15 mg/mL for E. carotovora and the minimal bactericidal concentrations of X. campestris, E. carotovora and R. solanacearum were 25 mg/mL, 6.25 mg/mL and 12.5 mg/mL, respectively. The results of phytochemical analysis of the P. foetida crude extracts showed that ferulic acid and luteolin were the major phytochemical components. These findings have provided the first report suggesting the effectiveness of P. foetida extract against phytopathogenic bacteria and revealed that the extract could be used as an alternative source of antibacterial agents for the protection of plants or crops against bacterial infection.

Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of Paederia scandens (Rubiaceae): a Chinese folk medicinal plant

Paederia scandens has been used as a traditional medicine in Asian countries to treat jaundice, dysentery, and the pain of rheumatism. The complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence of P. scandens was reported and characterized in this study. The cp genome is 153,626 bp in length, composed of a pair of 26,513 bp inverted repeat (IR) regions separated by a large single-copy (LSC) region of 83,712 bp and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 16,888 bp. There were 131 predicted genes (86 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes) in the genome, and the overall GC content of the genome is 37.7%. Phylogenetic analysis based on the cp genome data showed that P. scandens was sister to the clade formed by Galium mollugo and G. aparine.

Identification of Antidiabetic Metabolites from Paederia foetida L. Twigs by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics and Molecular Docking Study.

Paederia foetida L. (Rubiaceae) is a climber which is widely distributed in Asian countries including Malaysia. The plant is traditionally used to treat various diseases including diabetes. This study is to evaluate the enzymatic inhibition activity of Paederia foetida twigs extracts and to identify the metabolites responsible for the bioactivity by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics profiling. Three different twig extracts, namely, hexane (PFH), chloroform (PFC), and methanol (PFM), were submerged for their α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition potential in 5 replicates for each. Results obtained from the loading column scatter plot of orthogonal partial least square (OPLS) model revealed the presence of 12 bioactive compounds, namely, dl-α-tocopherol, n-hexadecanoic acid, 2-hexyl-1-decanol, stigmastanol, 2-nonadecanone, cholest-8(14)-en-3-ol, 4,4-dimethyl-, (3β,5α)-, stigmast-4-en-3-one, stigmasterol, 1-ethyl-1-tetradecyloxy-1-silacyclohexane, ɣ-sitosterol, stigmast-7-en-3-ol, (3β,5α,24S)-, and α-monostearin. In silico molecular docking was carried out using the crystal structure α-amylase (PDB ID: 4W93) and α-glucosidase (PDB ID: 3WY1). α-Amylase-n-hexadecanoic acid exhibited the lowest binding energy of -2.28 kcal/mol with two hydrogen bonds residue, namely, LYS178 and TYR174, along with hydrophobic interactions involving PRO140, TRP134, SER132, ASP135, and LYS172. The binding interactions of α-glucosidase-n-hexadecanoic acid complex ligand also showed the lowest binding energy among 5 major compounds with the energy value of -4.04 kcal/mol. The complex consists of one hydrogen bond interacting residue, ARG437, and hydrophobic interactions with ALA444, ASP141, GLN438, GLU432, GLY374, LEU373, LEU433, LYS352, PRO347, THR445, HIS348, and PRO351. The study provides informative data on the potential antidiabetic inhibitors identified in Paederia foetida twigs, indicating the plant has the therapeutic effect properties to manage diabetes.

Paederia foetida induces anticancer activity by modulating chromatin modification enzymes and altering pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression in human prostate cancer cells

Aberrant epigenetic modifications are responsible for tumor development and cancer progression; however, readily reversible. Bioactive molecules from diets are promising to cure cancer by modulating epigenetic marks and changing immune response. These compounds specifically target the activity of DNMTs and HDACs to cure various human cancers. In view of this, we investigated the anticancer and epigenetic regulatory activities of an edible-plant Paederia foetida. The efficacy of methanolic extract of P. foetida leaves (MEPL) was tested for the modulation of epigenetic factors in gene silencing, i.e. DNMT and HDAC and expression pattern of certain tumor-suppressor genes. After treatment of prostate cancer cells (PC-3 and DU-145) with MEPL, lupeol and β-sitosterol; induction of apoptosis, decrease in cellular-viability and inhibition of cellular-migration were noticed. Simultaneously there was inhibition of DNMT1, HDACs and pro-inflammatory, IL-6, IL1-β, TNF-α and anti-inflammatory, IL-10 genes in cancer and THP1 cell lines. The DNMT1 protein content, enzyme activity and Bcl2 expression decreased significantly; however, expression of E-cadherin (CDH1) and pro-apoptotic gene Bax increased significantly after the treatment of cells with drugs. We conclude plant-derived compounds can be considered to target epigenetic machineries involved with malignant transformation and can open new avenues for cancer therapeutics provoking immune response.

Control of skunk-vine (Paederia foetidaL.) with preemergence and postemergence herbicides in central Florida during the winter season

AbstractSkunk-vine (Paederia foetidaL.) is an invasive vine native to eastern and southern Asia and is widely distributed in Florida, Hawaii, and other southeastern U.S. states; however, little research has focused on herbicide control. Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to determine efficacy of aminocyclopyrachlor, aminopyralid, fluroxypyr, glyphosate, imazapic, triclopyr amine, and triclopyr ester at low and high labeled rates when foliar applied toP. foetidaat various growth stages in greenhouse experiments. Longer-term control was evaluated in field experiments in central Florida using the same herbicides. PRE herbicides labeled for use in landscape plantings, including dimethenamid-P, flumioxazin, indaziflam, isoxaben, and prodiamine, were also evaluated in greenhouse trials by seeding containers withP. foetidaseed. In greenhouse experiments, POST herbicides, including aminocyclopyrachlor, aminopyralid, glyphosate, both triclopyr formulations, and the high rate of fluroxypyr (0.24 kg ae ha−1), provided >90% control across all growth stages at 4 mo after treatment with no regrowth observed. Imazapic provided 49% to 89% control, with efficacy decreasing withP. foetidasize, and generally provided less control than other treatments. Field experiments confirmed results from greenhouse studies. In PRE trials, flumioxazin and prodiamine provided better control than all other PRE herbicides evaluated, reducing shoot weights by 99% and 84%, respectively, compared with nontreated controls. Our data suggest all herbicides evaluated POST could potentially be used to manageP. foetida, although less control was achieved with imazapic compared with other herbicides. Further research is needed to determine herbicide efficacy on more mature plants and to develop application methods that would be less injurious to non-target vegetation. In landscapes, flumioxazin or prodiamine could be used for PRE control, but POST options that are labeled for landscape use should be identified in future research.

Ethnobotany of medicinal plants used by the Zeliangrong ethnic group of Manipur, northeast India

Ethnopharmacological relevanceThe Zeliangrong people with their yearlong experiences still depend on the medicinal plants for primary healthcare. Some of the medicinal plants used by the community exhibits established pharmacological activities which signify the importance of the traditional knowledge of the tribes. Besides, many other species traditionally used by the tribes assume to have pharmacological potentiality. Aim of the studyThe study aimed to identify the medicinally and pharmacologically important species with understanding the traditional healing practices and to compare medicinal plant knowledge among the informants of the three tribes under Zeliangrong group. Material and methodsData were collected by interviewing selected 27 herbal healers using modified semi-structured questionnaires. Identification and documentation of all the species have been made using standard taxonomic procedure. Ethnomedicinal uses of all the recorded species was analyzed with computation of the use reports for each species and Informant Consensus Factor. ResultsThe study recorded 145 medicinal plants used in healing practices by the Zeliangrong tribes. Except 2 species, all are Angiospermic plants found mostly in wild condition. These medicinal plants are used for treating about 59 different health ailments categorized under 13 ICPC disease categories. Highest ICF (0.75) was found in Digestive disorder with 174 use reports for 44 plant species. Besides the established medicinal plants in the Indian System of medicine like Acorus calamus, Centella asiatica, Oroxylum indicum and Phyllanthus emblica, a number of other species like Ageratum conizoides, Blumeopsis flava, Clerodendrum glandulosum, Gynura cusimbua, Hedyotis scandens and Paederia foetida also has maximum use reports. Among the species with higher use reports, 2 species namely Clerodendrum glandulosum and Paederia foetida are exclusively used for the treatment of hypertension, and bone fracture and sprain respectively indicating their remarkable medicinal values and acceptability. Out of the total 145 species, only 24 are shared by all the three tribes with 11 species used for similar diseases. ConclusionThe medicinal plants with higher use reports can be evaluated for validation of pharmacological activities and their toxicity. The Indigenous Knowledge System of Zeliangrong community for herbal remedies may be of immense value in pharmacological experimentation particularly for the uses like malaria, health tonic, cancer, jaundice, hypertension and diabetes.

Isolation of Scopoletin from Paederia foetida and its Antidiabetic Potential Using In silico Model

Event Abstract Back to Event Isolation of Scopoletin from Paederia foetida and its Antidiabetic Potential Using In silico Model Dai Chuan Tan1*, Ku Idayu Idris1, Nur Kartinee Kassim1*, Pei Cee Lim1, Intan Safinar Ismail1, Muhajir Hamid1 and Rou Chian Ng1 1 Putra Malaysia University, Malaysia Background Paederia foetida L. (Rubiaceae) is an edible plant widely distributed in India, Japan, Malaysia, and other Asian countries. This study investigates the enzyme inhibition and of P. foetida twig extracts obtained from two different locations namely Johor (PFJ) and Pahang (PFP) and its chemical constituents. Methods The isolation of phytoconstituents using column chromatography methods and in silico study of isolated compound with receptor (α-glucosidase and α-amylase) was carried out using molecular docking. Results The IC50 of α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition activity of the PFJ chloroform extract were 245.6 ± 0.01 and 9.595 ± 0.01 µg/mL, respectively. The IC50 of α-glucosidase and α-alpha amylase inhibition activity of PFP chloroform extract were 2457.2 ± 0.01 and 14.83 ± 0.05 µg/mL, respectively. Separation of PFP chloroform extract afforded ergost-5-en-3-ol (1), stigmasterol (2), γ-sitosterol (3) and scopoletin (4) meanwhile PFJ chloroform extract gave (2) and (4). Scopoletin was isolated for the first time from this species. In silico molecular interaction study between scopoletin and α-glucosidase and α-amylase showed that α-glucosidase-scopoletin inhibitor complex had better binding affinity with less energy value (-5.4 kcal/mol) than α-amylase-scopoletin inhibitor complex (-4.9 kcal/mol). Conclusion PFJ chloroform extract showed potent inhibitory activity toward α-glucosidase. The in silico assessment of scopoletin as antidiabetic agent indicated that α-glucosidase-scopoletin complex has good stability with binding affinity of -5.4 kcal/mol. P. foetida can be considered as potential resources for natural herbal antidiabetic drugs which can serve as alternative to synthetic oral hypoglycemic drugs with minimum side effects. Keywords: Paederia foetida, Scopoletin, alpha-Amylase, Alpha-glucosidase, molecular docking Conference: International Conference on Drug Discovery and Translational Medicine 2018 (ICDDTM '18) “Seizing Opportunities and Addressing Challenges of Precision Medicine”, Putrajaya, Malaysia, 3 Dec - 5 Feb, 2019. Presentation Type: Oral Presentation Topic: Metabolic diseases Citation: Tan D, Idris K, Kassim N, Lim P, Ismail I, Hamid M and Ng R (2019). Isolation of Scopoletin from Paederia foetida and its Antidiabetic Potential Using In silico Model. Front. Pharmacol. Conference Abstract: International Conference on Drug Discovery and Translational Medicine 2018 (ICDDTM '18) “Seizing Opportunities and Addressing Challenges of Precision Medicine”. doi: 10.3389/conf.fphar.2019.63.00025 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 12 Nov 2018; Published Online: 17 Jan 2019. * Correspondence: Mr. Dai Chuan Tan, Putra Malaysia University, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia, dctan@chhs.edu.my Dr. Nur Kartinee Kassim, Putra Malaysia University, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia, kartinee@upm.edu.my Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Dai Chuan Tan Ku Idayu Idris Nur Kartinee Kassim Pei Cee Lim Intan Safinar Ismail Muhajir Hamid Rou Chian Ng Google Dai Chuan Tan Ku Idayu Idris Nur Kartinee Kassim Pei Cee Lim Intan Safinar Ismail Muhajir Hamid Rou Chian Ng Google Scholar Dai Chuan Tan Ku Idayu Idris Nur Kartinee Kassim Pei Cee Lim Intan Safinar Ismail Muhajir Hamid Rou Chian Ng PubMed Dai Chuan Tan Ku Idayu Idris Nur Kartinee Kassim Pei Cee Lim Intan Safinar Ismail Muhajir Hamid Rou Chian Ng Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

Indirect shoot organogenesis of a valuable medicinal plant Paederia foetida L. using nodal explants

Paederia foetida L. is an important medicinal herb harboring lots of essential drug producing metabolites and the plant has been going to be endangered due to lack of proper strategies for conservation. Since, indirect organogenesis by tissue culture is considered as the valuable tools for rapid multiplication and improvement of plant genetic resources, application of this technique should be very imperative for the conservation of this valuable and rare medicinal plant. Hence, the research effort was made to develop a suitable protocol for indirect organogenesis in-vitro using nodal explants of P. foetida. After surface sterilization, the explants were submitted to MS medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators for showing the performance in terms of callus induction, shoot proliferation and root initiation. Among the surface sterilants used, 0.1% HgCl2 treated for 2 minutes and 3% NaOCl treated for 10 minutes showed better performance and maintained 100% and 80% survivability respectively. MS medium supplemented with 2, 4-D at 1.5 mg L-1 showed better performance than others in terms of initiation of callus from nodal explants. In contrast, NAA at 0.5 mg L-1 and BAP 0.2 mg L-1 showed highest rate of callus proliferation with somatic embryos from proliferated callus. During shoot organogenesis, MS medium supplemented with BAP 2 mg L-1 showed better results for the regeneration of shoots from embryogenic calli. The shoots derived from callus produced roots by half strength MS medium supplemented with IAA. After acclimatization, the plantlets were allowed to ambient condition for further establishment. Our findings claim the establishment of a suitable protocol for indirect organogenesis of P. foetida that could be employed for rapid multiplication, conservation and sustainable utilization of P. foetida as valuable genetic resource.

In-vitro anticancer and catalytic activity of Paederia foetida conjugated gold nanoparticles (PF-AuNPs)

Among the less-studied plants, Paederia foetida (commonly known as Gandal) has been used by various ethnic tribes as food and medicine. The phytochemicals present in the leaf extract of Paederia foetida were utilized for the green synthesis of Paederia foetida conjugated gold nanoparticles (PF-AuNPs). Characterization of PF-AuNPs was carried out by SPR absorption band, HRTEM, DLS and X-ray diffraction studies. Anticancer activity of the stabilized PF-AuNPs studied against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line and HeLa cell lines revealed that the stabilized PF-AuNPs were highly effective for the apoptosis of cancer cells selectively. Catalytic activity of PF-AuNPs has also been reported.

Comparative study of the antidiabetic potential of Paederia foetida twig extracts and compounds from two different locations in Malaysia

Context: Paederia foetida L. (Rubiaceae) is an edible plant distributed in Asian countries including Malaysia. Fresh leaves have been traditionally used as a remedy for indigestion and diarrhea. Several phytochemical studies of the leaves have been documented, but there are few reports on twigs.Objective: This study investigates the enzyme inhibition of P. foetida twig extracts and compound isolated from them. In addition, in silico molecular docking of scopoletin was investigated.Materials and methods: Plants were obtained from two locations in Malaysia, Johor (PFJ) and Pahang (PFP). Hexane, chloroform and methanol extracts along with isolated compound (scopoletin) were evaluated for their enzyme inhibition activities (10,000–0.000016 µg/mL). The separation and identification of bio-active compounds were carried out using column chromatography and spectroscopic techniques, respectively. In silico molecular docking of scopoletin with receptors (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) was carried out using AutoDock 4.2.Results: The IC50 values of α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition activity of PFJ chloroform extract were 9.60 and 245.6 µg/mL, respectively. PFP chloroform extract exhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition activity (IC50 = 14.83 and 257.2 µg/mL, respectively). The α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of scopoletin from both locations had IC50 values of 0.052 and 0.057 µM, respectively.Discussion and conclusions: Separation of PFJ chloroform extract afforded scopoletin (1), stigmasterol (2) and γ-sitosterol (3) and the PFP chloroform extract yielded (1), (2), (3) and ergost-5-en-3-ol (4). Scopoletin was isolated from this species for the first time. In silico calculations gave a binding energy between scopoletin and α-amylase of −6.03 kcal/mol.

Eksplorasi Tumbuhan Obat Tradisional Desa Blata Tatin Kecamatan Kangae Kabupaten Sikka

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh banyaknya penggunaan obat sintetis dalam mengobati berbagai macam penyakit, semakin minim penggunaan obat tradisional dan kurangnya data tentang tumbuhan obat tradisional. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi tumbuhan obat yang dimanfaatkan di Desa Blata Tatin, Kecamatan Kangae, Kabupaten Sikka. Sampel tumbuhan obat dikumpulkan dengan teknik survei eksploratif setelah memperoleh informasi dengan mewawancarai informan kunci dan responden di desa tersebut. Data informasi tumbuhan obat disajikan dalam bentuk tabulasi dan deskripsikan secara lengkap. Hasil penelitian menemukan 13 jenis tumbuhan obat yang digunakan di Desa Blata Tatin yaitu sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata), pisang (Musa sp.), waru (Hibiscustiliaceus L.), ubi jalar (Ipomoeabatatas), kemiri (Aleuritesmoluccana L.), kunyit (Curcumadomestica Val.), kencur (Kaempferiagalanga L.), jahe (Zingiberofficinale Rosc.), kelapa (Cocosnucifera), daun kentut (Paederiascandens Merr.), pegagan (Centellaasiatica L.), daun sirih (Piperbetle L.) dan bayam (Amaranthusspinosus L.).

Leaf phenolics and pigments along with their antioxidative potential in some medicinal plants

Medicinal plants play significant role in human health. Besides this all of the Unani, Herbal, Kobiraji, and Homeopath medicine are produced from medicinal plant. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the phytochemical constituents as total phenolics content, free radical scavenging capacity, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll (a+b) and carotenoids. Leaves of seven important non-solanaceous medicinal plants namely Boerhavia diffusa (punarnava), Adhatoda vasica (basok), Paederia foetida (gandhabhaduli), Rauwolfia serpentina (sarpogandha), Catharanthus roseus (pink nayantara), Catharanthus alba (white nayantara) and Andrographis paniculata (kalomegh) were extracted for phenolics, chlorophyll a and b as well as carotenoids in this experiment. Total phenolics content in seven medicinal plants in this experiment ranged from 142.44 (C. roseus) to 416.25 (A. vasica) mg GAE/100 g leaf fresh weight. The IC50 value for scavenging 2, 2- diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals ranged from 32.12 (C. roseus) to 38.40 (Boerhavia diffusa) mg mL-1 leaf extract in seven different medicinal plants. Pigments content such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll (a+b) and carotenoids were found highest in Adhatoda vasica leaf as 2.347, 0.900, 3.283, and 0.521 mg g-1 fresh weight, respectively, among all the seven species. We may get highly valuable medicine from Adhatoda vasica (basok) leaf for its superior biochemical constituents, which will help our next generation to treat chronic diseases.
 Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2018, 2(2), 86-92

Validated high-performance thin-layer chromatographic analysis of ursolic acid and β-sitosterol in the methanolic fraction ofPaederia foetidaL. leaves

A high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method for the simultaneous quantitative determination of ursolic acid and β-sitosterol in the methanolic fraction of Paederia foetida L. leaves was developed for the first time. For achieving good separation, a mobile phase of toluene‒ethyl acetate‒formic acid (8:2:0.1, v/v) was used. The densitometric determination was carried out at 550 and 522 nm in reflection/absorption mode for ursolic acid and β-sitosterol. The calibration curves were linear in the range of 100-600 ng per spot for ursolic acid and β-sitosterol. During the analysis, the methanolic fraction of P. foetida L. leaves showed the presence of ursolic acid (0.12 ± 0.05%) and β-sitosterol (0.08 ± 0.12%). The proposed method is simple, precise, specific, accurate, less time-consuming, and cost-effective. The statistical analysis of the data obtained proves that the method is reproducible and selective and can be used for the routine analysis of the reported phenolic compounds in crude drug ...

PENGARUH EKSTRAK AIR DAUN SEMBUKAN (Paederia foetida LINN.) TERHADAP MORFOMETRI DAN KELULUSHIDUPAN FETUS MENCIT (Mus musculus L.)

Paederia foetida Linn, known locally in East Kalimantan as Sembukan, is one of the plants that is used as raw materials of traditional medicine in Indonesia. The sembukan contains a variety of chemical compounds that can affect on the development of the mice fetus. Current research aimed to evaluate the effects of boiled-water extract of Sembukan leaves on the weight and length of fetus, the total number of fetus, and fetus survival. In total of 12 pregnant mouse were randomly divided into three groups, namely control (K) without treatment, P1 treated by 175 mg/kgbb extract, and P2 treated by 350 mg/kgbb extract. After 18 days of pregnancy, mouse were sacrificed to evaluate the morphometry and survival of the fetus. The results showed that Sembukan leaves extract caused a significant (P<0.05) different on the fetus weight, amount of fetus and the number of life fetus between control (K) and treatment groups (P1 and P2). However, the treatment of any doses (P1 and P2) of Sembukan leaves extract did not show significantly differences (P>0.05) on the fetus length and the number of dead fetuses. This finding concluded that Sembukan leaves is beneficial to increase the weight and the number of live fetus of mice.

Three New Anthraquinones from Aerial Parts of Paederia scandens

Three new anthraquinones, 1-methyl-2,4-dimethoxy-3-hydroxyanthraquinone (6), 1-methoxy-3-hydroxy-2-ethoxymethylanthraquinone (7), and 2-methyl-3-O-β-D-primeveroside (14), together with 15 known compounds, including seven anthraquinones, one iridoid glucoside, three phenolic compounds, three flavone glucosides, and one flavone, were isolated from Paederia scandens. The isolated compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods. To the best of our knowledge, six known anthraquinones (1, 2, 5, 9, 10, and 13) and two known phenolic acids (4, 11) were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Paederia foetida Linn. promoted synthesis of CoFe 2 O 4 and NiFe 2 O 4 nanostructures and their photocatalytic efficiency

A facile method of synthesis of cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) and nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) nanoparticles (NPs) was developed using urea as a hydroxylating agent and Paederia foetida Linn. (family: Rubiaceae) leaf extract as a bio-template. The synthesised ferrite NPs were characterised in a detailed manner by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometer analysis. The XRD patterns revealed the formation of cubic face-centred phase for both CoFe2O4 and NiFe2O4 NPs. These quasi-spherical particles of CoFe2O4 and NiFe2O4 were shown to have sizes in the range of 10–80 and 5–50 nm, respectively. The photocatalytic activity of metal ferrites was evaluated in H2O2 assisted oxidative degradation of methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB) under irradiation of solar light. Both metal ferrite photocatalysts exhibited pronounced activity in degradation of MB and RhB, respectively, but relatively higher activity was observed for NiFe2O4. After completion, the catalysts were recovered using an external magnet. Recycling of these recovered catalysts up to five times showed no noticeable change in the efficiency.

In vitro propagation by axillary shoot proliferation, assessment of antioxidant activity, and genetic fidelity of micropropagated Paederia foetida L.

Micropropagation strategies in medicinally important turmeric (Curcuma sp): Current research and future challenges Hemavathi Brijesh, Brijesh Ajjappala