Packaging Strategies Research Articles

PENINGKATAN DAYA SAING MELALUI STRATEGI PEMASARAN JAMUR TIRAM PUTIH (STUDI KASUS) DI DESA BEKUT

One of the food sources that contains high vegetable protein is oyster mushroom. An oyster mushroom cultivation business in Bekut Village, Tebas district, Sambas was run by Mr. Agustipar since 2016. However, the fresh packaging of oyster mushroom only can be stored in short period of time. Therefore, the appropriate packaging strategy plays an important role in succeeding the marketing of oyster mushroom. The marketing strategy of oyster mushroom is influenced by internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) and external factors (opportunities and strengths). As a result, it is necessary to conduct a study on the oyster mushroom marketing strategy run by Mr. Agustipar. SWOT analysis was performed to analyze the data. It was found the internal factors such as having: sufficient capital, skilled labors, non-chemical food products, good quality products, a stable, affordable selling price, permanent consumers, the production of oyster mushroom has not met the demand, short-period time of product storage, and no intense promotion. The external factors are: the marketing opportunity is high, increasing demand of the product, consumers’ loyalty, expanding marketing network, the existence of the similar business, increasing price of the raw material. Based on the result of SWOT analysis, there were oyster mushroom marketing strategies found. They are: maintaining the quality of oyster product and stable selling price, production and sales forecasting, print media, electronic media, and social media promotion, increasing product efficiency for competition, and establishing the cooperation with companies or UMKM processing oyster mushroom.Keywords: Marketing strategy, Oyster mushroom, SWOT analysis

Marketing Strategy in Travel Agency

The purposes of this research are to describe, analyze, and determine the online marketing strategy of domestic travel agent at Bandung Tour Expert. In this case, the authors focused on SWOT analysis to find out the right marketing strategy for the tour packaging. In this research, the data was collected using the observation method, meanwhile the data analysis method used were descriptive qualitative and SWOT analysis. Internet users number are increasing, especially adults with high mobility. For them who often travel outside the city, internet is crucial because it connects them with the travel agent. Nowadays, the convenient use of Internet technology is used to market products and services offered by travel agents, so that it provides many benefits for business travel agents with minimum marketing costs. The results of this study were the use of internet and online marketing had impacts on the increasing profits of the travel agents. The conclusion of this research is Bandung Tour Expert as a company need to improve their variant of tour package to make tourist more interest to visit the company website.

How Americans used their COVID‐19 economic impact payments

This study investigates how Americans used their CARES Act Economic Impact Payments (EIP) for their spending needs, spending wants, and financial transactions. The results from a sample of 1,172 Amazon MTurk users collected in July 2020 suggest that EIP use varied across spending and financial transaction categories. Those with job instability, less financial resources, and more people to care for received essential support. A smaller proportion of the population spent at least some of their EIP on their wants. Americans' primarily focused their EIP spending on housing, food, and hobbies. In addition, people were able to improve their financial situation through investing and debt reduction. Decisions to save the EIP were related to economic recovery concerns; a broad policy package and public messaging strategy that offers assurance of economic recovery and stability might enhance policy effectiveness for boosting immediate economic growth through EIP spending.

BRANDING AND CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR OF SELECTED PETROLEUM PRODUCTS IN PORT HARCOURT, RIVERS STATE

Consumer behavior to branding is a serious issue that affects owners of businesses. This study addresses the challenges as determinants of customer impulse buying behavior of consumers of petroleum product in Rivers State, Nigeria. The study employed a descriptive survey design to examine 550 consumers of petroleum products in Rivers State. The sample size determination for a finite population as expressed by Krejie and Morgan (1970) and used by Research advisors (2006) was used to draw a sample of 550 consumers of petroleum products. Proportionate sample technique (a variant of stratified sampling method) to reflect the proportions of consumers in each of the 23 local government areas of the state. A research questionnaire was constructed, validated and administered to obtain the primary data. The factor analysis simple regression analysis and Pearson product moment correlation(r) statistical techniques were used to test the hypotheses. The findings of the study revealed that there is significant relationship between branding and consumer behavior (P<0.05, R=0.786,R2=0.618). It was concluded that high levels of awareness positively influence the choice of petroleum products by consumers. The study therefore recommends that marketers of petroleum products should develop innovative packaging strategies that will appeal to and attract consumers in an exceptional way to trigger impulse buying.

A single dose of a virulent bacteriophage vB PaeP-SaPL, rescues bacteremic mice infected with multi drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Multidrug resistant bacterial infections are difficult to treat and contribute to high morbidity and mortality. The phage vB PaeP-SaPL was isolated from a sewage drain (Lahore, Pakistan) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA-1 (NCBI Accession number MG763232). SaPL produced circular, transparent plaques, 4−5 mm in diameter and showed broad host range infecting 57 % of tested MDR P. aeruginosa clinical isolates (N = 38), while no infectivity was observed against any tested strains of other genera.SaPL inhibited PA-1 growth until 24 h post infection at MOI of 1. The SaPL showed stability at varying temperature and pH, with optimum stability at pH 7 and 45 °C. The latent period of SaPL was 20 min with burst size of 155 virions. The genome of SaPL was double stranded DNA of 45,796 bps having 63 CDS (13 for known proteins and 50 for hypothetical proteins) with a GC content of 52 %. The termini analysis revealed that SaPL genome ends are redundant and permuted. The packaging strategy used by SaPL was a headful (pac) strategy like P1 phage. Survivability of PA-1 challenged mice, treated with SaPL (100 %) was statistically significant (P < 0.05) than in untreated challenged mice (0%). Based on its efficacy in reducing bacterial growth, selective infectivity against majority of P. aeruginosa strains and its ability to increase survivability in PA-1 challenged mice, SaPL is proposed to be a potential candidate for bacteriophage therapy against difficult to treat MDR P. aeruginosa infections.

Microfluidic Packaging Integration with Electronic-Photonic Biosensors Using 3D Printed Transfer Molding.

Multiplexed sensing in integrated silicon electronic-photonic platforms requires microfluidics with both high density micro-scale channels and meso-scale features to accommodate for optical, electrical, and fluidic coupling in small, millimeter-scale areas. Three-dimensional (3D) printed transfer molding offers a facile and rapid method to create both micro and meso-scale features in complex multilayer microfluidics in order to integrate with monolithic electronic-photonic system-on-chips with multiplexed rows of 5 m radius micro-ring resonators (MRRs), allowing for simultaneous optical, electrical, and microfluidic coupling on chip. Here, we demonstrate this microfluidic packaging strategy on an integrated silicon photonic biosensor, setting the basis for highly multiplexed molecular sensing on-chip.

Integrated multi-item packaging and vehicle routing with split delivery problem for fresh agri-product emergency supply at large-scale epidemic disease context

Fresh agri-product emergency supply is crucial to secure the basic livelihood of residents at large-scale epidemic disease context. Considering the massive demand and limited transportation resources, this study integrates multi-item packaging and vehicle routing with split delivery to improve the emergency supply capacity. Firstly, three specific objectives of fresh agri-product emergency supply at large-scale epidemic disease context are formulated, i.e., average response time, infectious risk possibility and transportation resource utilization. Then, a multi-item packaging strategy is proposed to consolidate different categories of fresh agri-products according to the food cold chain temperatures. An optimization model integrating multi-item packaging and vehicle routing with split delivery is developed to jointly decide the optimal packaging scheduling, vehicle assignment and delivery routing. Next, an improved genetic algorithm based on solution features (IGA-SF) is designed to solve the integrated model with multiple decision variables. Finally, a case on fresh agri-product emergency supply of Huangpi District, Wuhan in the context of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is carried out to illustrate the efficiency and feasibility of the proposed model. The numerical results of medium-to-largescale cases demonstrate that the proposed IGA-SF could save 23.91% CPU time and 37.80% iteration number on average than genetic algorithm. This study could satisfy different emergency scenario requirements flexibly, and provide scientific decision support for provincial and national governments on fresh agri-product emergency supply.

Recent Advances in Wearable Sensors and Integrated Functional Devices for Virtual and Augmented Reality Applications

AbstractThe advancement in virtual reality/augmented reality (VR/AR) has been achieved by breakthroughs in the realistic perception of virtual elements. Although VR/AR technology is advancing fast, enhanced sensor functions, long‐term wearability, and seamless integration with other electronic components are still required for more natural interactions with the virtual world. Here, this report reviews the recent advances in multifunctional wearable sensors and integrated functional devices for VR/AR applications. Specified device designs, packaging strategies, and interactive physiological sensors are summarized based on their methodological approaches for sensory inputs and virtual feedback. In addition, limitations of the existing systems, key challenges, and future directions are discussed. It is envisioned that this progress report's outcomes will expand the insights on wearable functional sensors and device interfaces toward next‐generation VR/AR technologies.

Color stability and pH-indicator ability of curcumin, anthocyanin and betanin containing colorants under different storage conditions for intelligent packaging development

8.8 MT of food wastes are annually generated in the EU, in part due to the lack of real-time food freshness information provided by current food data labels. To address this issue, intelligent packaging strategies are being developed. In this study, in search of new natural and food grade pH-indicators, color stability and variability of curcumin (E−100), betanin (E−162), and anthocyanin (E−163) containing food colorants were studied in solution under different food storage conditions and pHs by light absorbance, color, pH and turbidity measurements. E−100 provided color variations (yellow/brown-yellow) at pH > 9 and was particularly photosensitive since a color loss of 67% was observed after 1 day of storage. E−162 and E−163 colorants, however, were thermosensitive and showed significant lower loss of color (30%) after 28 days of storage. E−163, especially, presented a broader color response (red-purple-blue-green) over a wider pH range. Furthermore, color variations at different pHs were dependent upon colorant type and concentration.

Ethylene-removing packaging: Basis for development and latest advances.

Produce is rapidly gaining market share worldwide. Ethylene is a gas molecule that causes detrimental changes in produce. Thus, it is crucial to reduce surrounding ethylene besides inhibiting ethylene biosynthesis to extend produce shelf life and reduce food waste. Ethylene-removing packaging (ERP) can reduce ethylene concentration surrounding produce during transportation and commercialization. The information found in the literature on the topic is minimal and incomplete compared to other types of active packaging. It focuses on compounds with an ethylene-removing capacity rather than on the packaging technology per se. The goal of this literature review is to compile and discuss information from peer-reviewed scientific papers and industry websites on the basics on ERP and on recent developments that can be used to build on and to advance this type of active packaging. This review first focuses on factors needed to design effective ERP including produce characteristics, in-package composition, material properties and their changes after compounding, remover properties, integration techniques, and environment. Next, this review presents a classification for ERP and provides a detailed analysis of various ethylene-removing compounds including their mechanisms of action, integration techniques, impacts on produce shelf life, advantages and drawbacks including safety, commercial applications, and combinations with other shelf-life extending technologies. Some ERP designs are more promising to extend produce shelf life than others, but there is still room for further research to advance this packaging strategy. Specific needs include investigation of ethylene removal for fresh-cut produce and exploring different integration techniques and materials for such integration.

Dengue Virus Infection of Aedes aegypti Alters Extracellular Vesicle Protein Cargo to Enhance Virus Transmission.

Dengue is the most burdensome vector-borne viral disease in the world. Dengue virus (DENV), the etiological cause of dengue, is transmitted primarily by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. Like any arbovirus, the transmission cycle of dengue involves the complex interactions of a multitude of human and mosquito factors. One point during this transmission cycle that is rich in these interactions is the biting event by the mosquito, upon which its saliva is injected into the host. A number of components in mosquito saliva have been shown to play a pivotal role in the transmission of dengue, however one such component that is not as well characterized is extracellular vesicles. Here, using high-performance liquid chromatography in tandem with mass spectrometry, we show that dengue infection altered the protein cargo of Aedes aegypti extracellular vesicles, resulting in the packaging of proteins with infection-enhancing ability. Our results support the presence of an infection-dependent pro-viral protein packaging strategy that uses the differential packaging of pro-viral proteins in extracellular vesicles of Ae. aegypti saliva to promote transmission. These studies represent the first investigation into the function of Ae. aegypti extracellular vesicle cargo during dengue infection.

Improving nisin production by encapsulated Lactococcus lactis with starch/carboxymethyl cellulose edible films

In this study, Lactococcus lactis was embedded in a film of corn starch (NS) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) prepared using a casting method. At a CMC:NS ratio of 5:5, the composite film had the best comprehensive properties. Scanning electron microscopy images clearly showed that L. lactis was effectively embedded. The film with 1.5 % L. lactis showed the best performance and the lowest water vapor transmission rate (5.54 × 10−11 g/m s Pa. In addition, the edible film retained a viable count of 5.64 log CFU/g of L. lactis when stored at 4 °C for 30 days. The composite film with 1.5 % L. lactis showed the highest release of nisin (3.35 mg/mL) and good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (53.53 %) after 8 days. Therefore, this edible film is a viable alternative antimicrobial strategy for the active packaging of foods containing low moisture content.

Strategi Pengemasan dan Pelabelan Produk Jajanan Jadul di Kelurahan Siwalan Kecamatan Gayamsari Semarang

Businessman of old snack in Thematic Village, Siwalan Village, their marketing is still very limited and traditionally managed. Business actors also didn’t have proper product packaging and labeling. The aim of the Community Service Program is businessman of old snack able to implement packaging and labeling strategies in developing their products and spreading their market. This dedication activity is carried out with marketing management counseling methods, assistance in making packaging and labeling. The results of this activity are the businessman mastery of the packaging and labeling strategy and can apply simply online based marketing. Businessman of old snack are very enthusiastic to participate in this community service

NF1, Neurofibromin and Gene Therapy: Prospects of Next-Generation Therapy.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 [NF1] is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder affecting multiple organs. NF1 is well known for its various clinical manifestations, including café-au-late macules, Lisch nodules, bone deformity and neurofibromas. However, there is no effective therapy for NF1. Current therapies are aimed at alleviating NF1 clinical symptoms but not curing the disease. By altering pathogenic genes, gene therapy regulates cell activities at the nucleotide level. In this review, we described the structure and functions of neurofibromin domains, including GAP-related domain [GRD], cysteine-serine rich domain [CSRD], leucine-rich domain [LRD] and C-terminal domain [CTD], which respectively alter downstream pathways. By transfecting isolated sequences of these domains, researchers can partially restore normal cell functions in neurofibroma cell lines. Furthermore, recombinant transgene sequences may be designed to encode truncated proteins, which is functional and easy to be packaged into viral vectors. In addition, the treatment effect of gene therapy is also determined by various factors such as the vectors selection, transgene packaging strategies and drug administration. We summarized multiple NF1 gene therapy strategies and discussed their feasibility from multiple angles. Different protein domains alter the function and downstream pathways of neurofibromin.

Packaging strategies for large SiPM-based cryogenic photo-detectors

The DarkSide program aims to a WIMP direct detection using a dual phase argon time projection chamber. The next generation experiment, DS-20k, will be a detector in excess of 20 tonnes of fiducial mass. A pivotal aspect to the sensitivity of the experiment is its light detection technology. The DarkSide collaboration decided to adopt Silicon Photomultipliers for its Photo Detector Module (PDM). Each PDM includes a total active surface of 25 cm2 of SiPMs read-out by a front-end board capable of aggregating all the signals in a single analog output with a signal-to-noise ratio larger than 8. In this talk an overview of the silicon packaging strategies adopted by the DarkSide collaboration will be introduced with attention to the mass-production of about 10000 PDMs, corresponding to 200000 SiPMs and to the material selection in terms of cryogenic operation and high radio-purity.

A Chip-First Microwave Package Using Multimaterial Aerosol Jet Printing

We show in this article two fully additively manufactured microwave packages with integrated active and passive components. Packages were constructed using a chip-first approach where package substrates (dielectrics) and interconnects (conductors) are built up around power amplifier bare die attached to carriers. Bypass capacitor dielectrics were printed using multimaterial aerosol jet printing, where aerosols of barium titanate and polyimide inks are mixed in place to fabricate a high dielectric constant polymer matrix nanocomposite film. The material properties of the film are characterized using three printed capacitors. We present S-parameter measurements to characterize small-signal performance, as well as load-pull measurements at the saturated output power. Finally, we demonstrate package performance after power cycling and temperature cycling to show the effect of aging on the part and the robustness of this packaging strategy. We measured a maximum packaged gain of 21.7 dB and a saturated output power of 21.9 dBm for a commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) medium power amplifier specified to have a gain of 22 dB and a saturated output power of 22 dBm. The printed package-level performance is compared with the published bare die performance and a measured COTS packaged amplifier.

Demand, challenges, and marketing strategies in the retail promotion of local brand milk

AbstractThis article addresses the demand and challenges for local brand milk and focuses on the marketing strategies for retail promotion. While federal and state government make efforts to promote local food purchases and consumption at the farm level, local foods face significant distribution challenges in grocers, especially in larger retail stores. Limited shelf space and high pricing by retailers impedes consumers’ purchases and results in weak competitiveness for local brands. Therefore, it is essential for local producers and “buy local” programs to understand what types of promotion and marketing strategies might be more effective in stimulating demand in retail outlets. Using 2010‐2011 Nielsen Retail Scanner data in the Northeast region, we estimate a random‐coefficient discrete choice model of demand to determine the effects of nutritional characteristics, price, packaging, and distribution strategies on the consumers’ choice to purchase locally branded milk. Results show that local brand milk faces significant demand challenges in addition to high prices and limited outlets in competing with lower‐priced products. Marketing strategies, such as price cut, one‐gallon package offering, and expanded presence in retail stores, can significantly stimulate the demand for locally branded milk, with one‐gallon package offering being the most effective strategy.

Can Health Perceptions, Credibility, and Physical Appearance of Low-Fat Foods Stimulate Buying Intentions?

This study examines the influence of labelling and packaging strategies on perceived product health and overall attitudes to low-fat products in the field of healthy food claims among young consumers. The aim was to determine if these aspects can influence buying intentions. After a literature review, a quantitative study was carried out. With a sample of 300 young consumers (18–25 years old) and the use of partial least square methodology, this paper demonstrated that: (1) nutritional information and visual cues affect consumers’ perceptions (information credibility and physical appearance), (2) information credibility influences product health perceptions and attitudes toward a product, (3) physical appearance affects attitudes toward a product, and (4) overall attitude to the product influences purchase intentions The results achieved show that credibility and physical appearance could stimulate low-fat foods purchase intentions through a positive global attitude to the product. Additionally, nutritional information and visual cues play a more relevant role than nutritional information response and informative cues. These results and the conclusions that follow must be understood in the analysed context (low-fat foods) with the sample used (300 young consumers).

Health and Economic Impact of Health Warnings and Plain Tobacco Packaging in Seven Latin American Countries: Results of a Simulation Model.

The burden of disease attributable to tobacco use in Latin America is very high. Our objective was to evaluate the 10-year potential impact of current legislation related to cigarette packaging and warnings and expected effects of moving to a higher level of strategies implementing cigarette plain packaging on health and cost outcomes in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru, using a microsimulation model. We used a probabilistic state-transition microsimulation model, considering natural history, costs, and quality of life losses associated with main tobacco-related diseases. We followed up individuals in hypothetical cohorts and calculated health outcomes annually to obtain aggregated long-term population health outcomes and costs. We performed a literature review to estimate effects and analyzed studies and information from ministries, relevant organizations, and national surveys. We calibrated the model comparing the predicted disease-specific mortality rates with local statistics. Current graphic warnings already in place in each country could avert, during 10 years, 69 369 deaths and 638 295 disease events, adding 1.2 million years of healthy life and saving USD 5.3 billion in the seven countries. If these countries implemented plain packaging strategies, additional 155 857 premature deaths and 4 133 858 events could be averted, adding 4.1 million healthy years of life and saving USD 13.6 billion in direct health care expenses of diseases attributable to smoking. Latin American countries should not delay the implementation of this strategy that will alleviate part of the enormous health and financial burden that tobacco poses on their economies and health care systems. Tobacco smoking is the single most preventable and premature mortality cause in the world. The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, supported by the World Health Organization, introduced a package of evidence-based measures for tobacco control. This study adds evidence on the potential health effects and savings of implementing cigarette plain packaging in countries representing almost 80% of the Latin American population; findings are valuable resources for policy makers in the region.

A Minimal Volume Hermetic Packaging Design for High-Energy-Density Micro-Energy Systems

Hermetic packaging is critical to the function of many microscale energy storage and harvesting devices. State-of-the-art hermetic packaging strategies for energy technologies, however, are designed for macroscale devices and dramatically decrease the fraction of active materials when applied to micro-energy systems. We demonstrated a minimal volume hermetic packaging strategy for micro-energy systems that increased the volume of active energy storage materials by 2× and 5× compared to the best lab scale microbatteries and commercial pouch cells. The minimal volume design used metal current collectors as a multifunctional hermetic shell and laser-machined hot melt tape to provide a thin, robust hermetic seal between the current collectors with a stronger adhesion to metals than most commercial adhesives. We developed the packaging using commercially available equipment and materials, and demonstrated a strategy that could be applied to many kinds of micro-energy systems with custom shape configurations. This minimal, versatile packaging has the potential to improve the energy density of current micro-energy systems for applications ranging from biomedical devices to micro-robots.