Form Of Package Research Articles

Occurrence of Phthalate Esters in Coffee and Risk Assessment.

Coffee, one of the most widely consumed beverages in the world, is commercialized as powder and beans in different types of packaging and extracted through several methods. In this regard, the present study focused on evaluating the concentration of two of the most used phthalates in plastic materials (bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) and di-butyl phthalate (DBP)) in coffee powder and beverages to assess their migration from different packaging and machines. Furthermore, the levels of exposure to these endocrine disruptors in regular coffee consumers were estimated. Samples of packaged coffee powder/beans (n = 60) from different forms of packaging (multilayer bag, aluminum tin, and paper pod) and coffee beverages (n = 40) that were differently extracted (by professional espresso machine (PEM), Moka pot (MP), and home espresso machine (HEM)) were analyzed by extraction of the lipid fraction, purification, and determination by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Risk due to consumption of coffee (1-6 cups) was assessed based on tolerable daily intake (TDI) and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR). No significant differences emerged in DBP and DEHP concentrations among different types of packaging (multilayer, aluminum, and paper), whereas higher levels of DEHP were reported in beverages extracted by PEM (6.65, 2.58-11.32) than by MP (0.78, 0.59-0.91) and HEM (0.83, 0.62-0.98). The presence of higher DEHP levels in coffee beverages than in coffee powder may be due to its leaching through machine components. However, the levels of PAEs did not exceed the specific migration limits (SMLs) set out for food contact materials (FCM), and exposure to PAEs from coffee beverages was low, justifying the small risk due of its consumption. Consequently, coffee can be considered a safe beverage for exposure to some phthalic acid esters (PAEs).

MUX64, an analogue 64-to-1 multiplexer ASIC for the ATLAS high granularity timing detector

We present the design and the performance of MUX64, a 64-to-1 analogue multiplexer ASIC for the ATLAS High Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD). The MUX64 transmits one of its 64 inputs selected by six address lines for the voltages or temperatures being monitored to an lpGBT ADC channel. The prototype ASICs fabricated in TSMC 130 nm CMOS technology were prepared in wire-bonding and QFN88 packaging format. A total of 280 chips was examined for functionality and quality assurance. The accelerated aging test conducted at 85 °C shows negligible degradation over 16 days.

Sensory descriptive analysis of hard ciders from the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic United States.

Although alcoholic or "hard" cider is a beverage of growing popularity throughout the Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic United States (US), the industry lacks a consistent language for describing the sensory quality of its products. The main objective of this research was to explore the sensory attributes that can be used to describe a large representative sample (N=42 samples) of ciders from Virginia, Vermont, and New York, using classical descriptive analysis (DA). The secondary objective of the research was to determine if cider samples' sensory attributes differ based on extrinsic factors, such as style, packaging, and apple varieties. The study was conducted using a standard DA: 8 panelists were trained for 13h to develop a lexicon of aroma, taste, and mouthfeel descriptors for 42 cider samples (15 single varietal ciders, 27 blended ciders). Then, subjects evaluated each cider in duplicate for all descriptive attributes in standard sensory-evaluation conditions. Results were analyzed to determine overall differences among the individual cider samples, geographic origins, cider styles, and packaging formats, as well as significant differences across individual attributes. Herein, we report on 29 attributes that can be used to discriminate cider samples, as well as a subset of attributes which differentiate ciders based on extrinsic product variables. These results provide a framework for describing ciders from the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic regions of the US, which may be further generalizable to other North American ciders. As well, these results highlight the potential for more descriptive, sensory-based style guidelines may inspire future research related to cider production practices and terroir.

Design-Based Approach to Support Sorting Behavior of Food Packaging

It is widely acknowledged that environmental impacts from packaging waste depend on how consumers sort this waste fraction. In this research, “design for sustainable behavior” (DfSB) strategies are used to improve a cream packaging design that can support proper sorting of packaging waste as a sustainable behavior. The application of three DfSB strategies—“match”, “steer”, and “force”—was examined through circular interviews and practical experience with two groups of participants in Karlskrona, Sweden. Prototyping was used to provide a more realistic experiment and enhance communication during the interviews. The results show that consumer-packaging interaction during the usage phase is important to enhance proper sorting behavior. The results also show the potential of a user-centered design-based approach to study consumer-packaging interaction and to understand the challenges faced by users when sorting packaging waste. It also shows the possibility of packaging design to script consumer behavior and reveals details that are important when designing packaging that was not known. In this vein, packaging form, color, and haptic attributes are the most influential design attributes that can support packaging functionalities and script consumer sorting behavior.

Increasing the Economic Capacity of Fishing Communities produced by Malay Fisheries and Tanjak in Jaring Halus Village, Secanggang District, Langka Regency

The aim of the Community Independence Program (PKM) activities in Jaring Halus Village, Kec. Secanggang District. Langkat, namely providing education about the character of entrepreneurship and exploiting the potential of fishing communities and Malay tanjak artisans in the village of Jaring Halus district. Secanggang by providing assistance training for Malay seriding and tanjak fish processing as well as digital marketing training. The activities that have been carried out by the service team with partners are efforts to increase creativity, innovation and productivity as well as increase economic capacity by fostering an entrepreneurial spirit through the processing of seriding seafood and the packaging of Tanjak Melayu. The results of the PKM activities obtained by the fishing community and Malay tanjak craftsmen in Jaring Halus village, include: Increased insight and knowledge of partners regarding the processing of marine products in the form of seriding and packaging of Tanjak Melayu, Improved science and technology (IPTEK) partners regarding business opportunities through the provision of Digital Marketing training, Increasing the economic capacity of fishing communities and Malay Tanjak craftsmen in the village of Jaring Halus.

Hydrothermal Treatment of Waste Plastics: An Environmental Impact Study

This paper presents the attributional life cycle assessment results of a study of plastic recycling using hydrothermal treatment (HTT), a chemical recycling technology. HTT was investigated due to its potential to address current gaps in the plastic recycling system, largely due to several plastic packaging materials and formats that are currently not processed by traditional mechanical recycling technologies. As society transitions towards a net-zero-based circular economy, assessments should be conducted with a futuristic outlook, preventing costly mistakes by employing the right technologies in the right areas. The results using ReCiPe 2016 impact assessment methodology shows HTT with a GWP of 478 kg CO2 eq. per tonne can generate up to 80% reduction in climate change impacts when compared with comparable end-of-life treatment technologies whilst conserving material with the system. Additionally, the GWP could be reduced by up to 57% by changing how electricity is generated for on-site consumption. This represents a new understanding of the chemical recycling of polymers by establishing a prospective life cycle assessment study that looks to introduce a step-change in the recycling system and highlights the benefits of introducing this technology as opposed to the current model of disposal through incineration or landfill.

FeynGKZ: A Mathematica package for solving Feynman integrals using GKZ hypergeometric systems

In the Lee-Pomeransky representation, Feynman integrals can be identified as a subset of Euler-Mellin integrals, which are known to satisfy Gel'fand-Kapranov-Zelevinsky (GKZ) system of partial differential equations. Here we present an automated package to derive the associated GKZ system for a given Feynman diagram and solve it in terms of hypergeometric functions using two equivalent algorithms, namely the triangulation method and the Gröbner deformation method. We present our code in the form of a Mathematica package FeynGKZ.wl which requires the softwares polymake, Macaulay2 and TOPCOM, and the packages AMBRE and Olsson.wl as dependencies. As applications of the package, we find series solutions to the GKZ systems of several one-loop and two-loop Feynman integrals. These are included in the file Examples.nb that can be downloaded along with the package from GitHub. Program summaryProgram Title:FeynGKZ.wl, version 1.0CPC Library link to program files:https://doi.org/10.17632/m8zds756vb.1Developer's repository link:https://github.com/anant-group/FeynGKZLicensing provisions: GNU General Public License 3Programming language:WolframMathematica version 13.0 or higherExternal routines/libraries:Macaulay2 version 1.20, TOPCOM version 0.17.8, polymake version 4.6, AMBRE version 2.1.1 and Olsson.wlNature of problem: Deriving the GKZ system associated with a given Feynman integral, and solving it in terms of multivariate hypergeometric functions.Solution method: Automating the triangulation and Gröbner deformation methods for obtaining Γ-series solutions to the GKZ hypergeometric system associated with a given Feynman integral.

Bicriteria food packaging process optimization in double-layered upright and diagonal multihead weighers

Double-layered multihead weighing machines contain twice the number of hoppers as present in a simple machine with the same number of heads, which enables additional objective optimization possibilities considering the increased number of combinations among hoppers. This research study deals with bicriteria optimization for double-layered upright and diagonal machines using brute force as the optimization criteria. One of the optimization objectives is related to the target weight; the target weight must be at least and as close as possible to the weight to pack. Furthermore, this study also aims to minimize the time for which a certain portion of a product remains in the hopper while waiting to be selected for package formation. This time is known as priority and is measured based on the number of iterations or the number of packages produced by the machine while the hopper waits to be discharged. For these purposes, Different strategies were tested for both machines, which simultaneously optimize the target weight and the priority of the hoppers, showing the reduction of the extraction of the process in addition to reducing the costs of excess product and its reprocessing.

Oral Health Knowledge Attitude and Behaviour among Secondary School Children – a quasi-experimental study.

Objective: Improving oral health knowledge is considered to be a prerequisite for oral health-related behaviour. The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of an oral health education package (OHE package) on oral health knowledge, attitude and practices of senior secondary school students. Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study where schools (experimental and control) were selected in Abakaliki urban area. Baseline data on oral health knowledge, attitude, and behaviour were collected from both groups with an intervention in the experimental group in the form of an OHE package but none in the control. Another set of data was collected from both groups after four months. Knowledge was rated high or low, attitude was rated good or poor, and behaviour was rated good or poor. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed; while chi-square statistics and fisher exact tests were used for comparisons. The significance for all tests was set at ≤ 0.05. Results: Both groups had a good knowledge of oral health at baseline with significant improvements in the experimental group on all the knowledge questions following the OHE package (p < 0.05). Overall attitude in the experimental group improved by 68.1% (p = 0.000). Also, there were signs of progress in the behavioral assessments, however, the overall practice level of the experimental group increased marginally by 6.85% (p = 0.006).Conclusion: The OHE package improved the oral health knowledge, attitude, and behaviour of the participants considerably. There were positive behavioral outcomes although not commensurate with the level of attitudes improved. To consolidate the gains of this study, regular interventional programmes in the schools, which for emphasis, could be taken further into their curricula are recommended.

A Review on Antimicrobial Packaging for Extending the Shelf Life of Food

Food packaging systems are continually impacted by the growing demand for minimally processed foods, changing eating habits, and food safety risks. Minimally processed foods are prone to the growth of harmful microbes, compromising quality and safety. As a result, the need for improved food shelf life and protection against foodborne diseases alongside consumer preference for minimally processed foods with no or lesser synthetic additives foster the development of innovative technologies such as antimicrobial packaging. It is a form of active packaging that can release antimicrobial substances to suppress the activities of specific microorganisms, thereby improving food quality and safety during long-term storage. However, antimicrobial packaging continues to be a very challenging technology. This study highlights antimicrobial packaging concepts, providing different antimicrobial substances used in food packaging. We review various types of antimicrobial systems. Emphasis is given to the effectiveness of antimicrobial packaging in various food applications, including fresh and minimally processed fruit and vegetables and meat and dairy products. For the development of antimicrobial packaging, several approaches have been used, including the use of antimicrobial sachets inside packaging, packaging films, and coatings incorporating active antimicrobial agents. Due to their antimicrobial activity and capacity to extend food shelf life, regulate or inhibit the growth of microorganisms and ultimately reduce the potential risk of health hazards, natural antimicrobial agents are gaining significant importance and attention in developing antimicrobial packaging systems. Selecting the best antimicrobial packaging system for a particular product depends on its nature, desired shelf life, storage requirements, and legal considerations. The current review is expected to contribute to research on the potential of antimicrobial packaging to extend the shelf life of food and also serves as a good reference for food innovation information.

KEBIJAKAN PARIWISATA DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 (Studi Kasus Kebun Binatang Surabaya)

The Covid-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on various sectors, such as the tourism sector, which is characterized by, among other things, a decrease in the number of visitors and the closure of tourist attractions. During the Covid-19 Pandemic, the Government has made various efforts to reduce the spread of the virus, one of which is by establishing and implementing various tourism policies. The implementation of tourism policies during the pandemic has in fact also resulted in innovation in various tourist destinations except the Surabaya Zoo by creating educational virtual tour packages. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection techniques using interviews, observation and searching for laws, references, articles, journals and websites. The research results show that government policies during the Covid-19 pandemic include regulations making laws and regulations related to tourism activities which are targeted at tourists and tourism business actors. Responding to the tourism policy made by the government during the pandemic, the Surabaya Zoo is one of the tourist destinations that can take advantage of the pandemic situation by creating alternative tourism in the form of educational virtual tour packages. This tour package is intended for tourists who want to get to know animal life online, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic.

GEMBYUNG BUHUN ART PACKAGING IN A PERFORMANCE AT THE EDUCATIONAL TOURISM VILLAGE CISAAT-CIATER SUBANG REGENCY

Gembyung is a traditional art that uses large drums/tambourines as the main tool. Gembyung at the time of the performance displays traditional music and the music that is sung also contains sacred and solemn elements. This is firmly held by the Gembyung players to maintain the authenticity of the traditional arts passed down by their ancestors. Gembyung is a percussion instrument made of leather and wood. Based on the onomatopoeia (word follows sound), the word Gembyung comes from the sound of the percussion pattern gem (beat and hold) and byung (beat and release). At first the Gembyung Subang art developed in the pesantren environment. This Gembyung is usually performed at ceremonies of Islamic religious activities such as the commemoration of the Prophet's Birthday, Rajaban and Activities 1 Syuro which are held around places of worship. In the development of Gembyung, there has also been a change in the form of packaging in the presentation of performances as the goal of research on works of art. The research methodology is qualitative which is oriented towards works of art as a result of packaging products and innovative works, to be applied to performances in general in society.

The Use of Big Data in the Take-out and Delivery Market in China

The initial development of the takeout industry was in the form of packaging. Later, with the popularity of telephones and mobile phones, people began to order by telephone to meet the needs of some customers who didn’t want or didn’t have time to go to restaurants. Since the 1990s, the Internet began to popularize, which made the takeout industry develop unprecedentedly. Now, after several years of rapid development, the takeout industry has already developed a mature industrial chain. Although it is a labor-intensive industry, the current takeout industry has joined Big Data, cloud computing, Internet of things and other technologies. Especially in recent years, with the introduction of Big Data, major takeout companies have developed their own Big Data analysis system to continuously improve and optimize the takeout system through the introduction and analysis of a large amount of data. This paper aims to study the boosting effect of Big Data on the takeout industry, especially how to analyze and optimize the takeout time, takeout path and so on through Big Data analysis in China’s takeout market.

African swine fever virus transmembrane protein pEP84R guides core assembly.

African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes a devastating hemorrhagic disease with worldwide circulation and no widely available therapeutic prevention. The infectious particle has a multilayered architecture that is articulated upon an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-derived inner envelope. This membrane acts as docking platform for the assembly of the outer icosahedral capsid and the underlying core shell, a bridging layer required for the formation of the central genome-containing nucleoid. While the details of outer capsid assembly are relatively well understood, those of core formation remain unclear. Here we report the functional characterization of pEP84R, a transmembrane polypeptide embedded in the inner envelope that surrounds the viral core. Using an ASFV recombinant inducibly expressing the EP84R gene, we show that absence of pEP84R results in the formation of non-infectious core-less icosahedral particles displaying a significant DNA-packaging defect. Concomitantly, aberrant core shell-like structures formed by co-assembly of viral polyproteins pp220 and pp62 are mistargeted to non-ER membranes, as also occurs when these are co-expressed in the absence of other viral proteins. Interestingly, co-expression of both polyproteins with pEP84R led to the formation of ER-targeted core shell-like assemblies and co-immunoprecipitation assays showed that pEP84R binds to the N-terminal region of pp220. Altogether, these results indicate that pEP84R plays a crucial role in core assembly by targeting the core shell polyproteins to the inner viral envelope, which enables subsequent genome packaging and nucleoid formation. These findings unveil a key regulatory mechanism for ASFV morphogenesis and identify a relevant novel target for the development of therapeutic tools against this re-emerging threat.

PENGARUH INOVASI PRODUK, KUALITAS PRODUK, DAN BENTUK KEMASAN TERHADAP MINAT BELI PRODUK TAHU

The title of this research is. The Effect of Product Innovation, Product Quality, and Packaging Form on Interest in Buying Tofu Products (a case study of umkm mak mus in Ujung Market, Kepahiang Regency). (case study of UMKM Mak Mus in Ujung Market, Kepahiang Regency) . This study uses a quantitative approach with data analysis techniques using multiple regression analysis. The population in this study were all MSME customers who knew Mak Mus, whose number was unknown, with a sample of 90 respondents. This study used the Simple Random Sampling technique. Product innovation, product quality and packaging form simultaneously have a significant effect on buying interest. Product innovation, product quality and packaging form partially have a significant effect on buying interest. Keywords: Product Innovation, Product Quality, Safety Form, Buying Interest

Airflow ejection-wrapped clamping type seedling picking method and parameter optimization.

Since the current clamp-type and push-out-type seedling picking method brought damage to seedlings, this study aimed to proposed an airflow ejection-wrapped clamping type seedling picking method, which used airflow to eject out seedling and the seedlings were wrapped clamped to reduce the damage of seedlings during seedling picking process. The parameter model was established through theoretical design, then the parameters were optimized through coupling simulation analysis, and the validity of these parameters was verified through experiments. We found that the diameter of the airflow nozzle was selected as 3.5mm to match with the drainage outlet of the plug tray, and the airflow pressure which could eject out seedlings was calculated as 0.146 Mpa~0.315 Mpa on the basis of gas jet dynamic. The fluid-solid coupling simulation of airflow ejection in Comsol proposed that the seedlings could be ejected out under the airflow pressure was equal to or greater than 0.4 Mpa, and the airflow should be maintained for about 0.3 s to ensure the posture of the seedlings ejected out for better seedling clamping. The further fluid-discrete body simulation of airflow ejection by using Fluent-Edem coupling method indicated that the seedling was damaged under airflow pressure of 0.5 MPa, so the airflow pressure should be set as 0.4 MPa during seedling ejection process. Besides, a wrapped clamping type effector which clamped the seedlings from all sides in the form of flexible package was also designed to match with the airflow ejection method, and the RecurDyn-Edem coupling simulation showed that the end-effector could tightly clamp the seedling without damage when the angle between the clamping slices and the vertical direction was 8.5°. Finally, the airflow ejection-wrapped clamping type seedling picking device was manufactured, and the verification tests verified the simulation results. This research can provide some references for the automatic seedling picking technology.

A Design and Build a Website for Catering Sales and Orders Using Web Engineering

Ordering catering is an activity carried out by consumers to order products in the form of food packages. At this time catering orders in the Garut area are still done manually, consumers see a list of products through brochures, even though consumers do not necessarily know the shape of the product written on the brochure, it will make it difficult for consumers to determine which product to choose, and these difficulties will making consumers have to meet with the owner of the catering frequently which will hinder time and drain costs. The existence of technology encourages researchers to build a catering ordering website which is expected to facilitate consumers in the catering ordering process. Consumers can find out the list as well as pictures of the products provided, with that consumers can easily determine which product to choose. Consumers can also save time and costs, because there is no need to repeatedly meet with the catering owner to find out the details of the products provided. The method used in the development of this application is the Web Engineering method with the stages of communication, planning, modeling, and deployment, using the php, html programming languages, using the Codeigniter framework and bootstrap and with MySql database management, by testing the Black Box Testing application.

Improving the Accuracy of Identification of Non-Stationary Objects Based on the Regulation of Model Variables

Researched and developed mechanisms for optimizing the identification of random time series based on mechanisms for searching for unknown knowledge, hidden properties, patterns, relationships, features of non-stationary objects under the condition of limited a priori information, uncertainty, non-stationary processes. A generalized model for optimizing the identification of RTS based on the use of neural networks, neuro-fuzzy networks of dynamic models, as well as fuzzy logic algorithms is implemented. Instruments for data reliability control are obtained based on statistical, dynamic, intelligent approaches suitable for the conditions of transmission of incomplete, heterogeneous, partially given information with large parametric uncertainty. The principles and methods of data reliability control in a fuzzy environment are developed based on the generalization and use of the properties of neural networks, fuzzy logic and statistical modeling methods. Algorithms for searching for correlations, trends, interrelations and regularities in data, forming training, control and test sets for solving problems of recognition, classifying images of micro-objects and predicting power supply indicators are synthesized. The results of the research are implemented in the form of a software package for identifying non-stationary objects, which ensures the adaptability of model variables, high data processing performance and accuracy of results.

Leadership and Motivation as the Part of Corporate Culture in Selected Company

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the management and motivation of people and employees as part of the corporate culture in aselected company in a retail chain. The selected company has been operating in Slovakia since 2000, when it opened its first branch. Today, this chain of stores operates almost all over Slovakia and is still expanding. Primary and secondary data, methods of analysis, synthesis, deduction, comparison and statistical methods (Chi square test) are used to prepare the paper. The first part contains theoretical starting points and knowledge of the investigated issue from Slovak and foreign sources. The methodology contains a precise definition of the main goal, subgoals of the work, material and work procedure. The following is an analysis of the actual state of the selected entity. We use the questionnaire method to obtain information to evaluate leadership and motivation. The questionnaire is composed of 14 questions, 5 of which are identification questions, and the others are focused on the preferred style of leadership and satisfaction, on building a corporate culture, on current benefits and satisfaction with them, on potential benefits and on demotivation factories. The survey was completed by 57 respondents who were employees of one of the branches. Three hypotheses are formulated as part of this survey. Among the main analysis results, we can include satisfaction with the leadership style and the perception of corporate culture in the sense of “Everything for people” (for customers and employees) but also negative things such as insufficient current benefits and demotivation in the form of employee overload, bad working relations or insufficient environmental responsibility. All 3 hypotheses were rejected. Satisfaction with the leadership style does not depend on years of service, satisfaction with benefits received does not affect the age of the employees, and building a corporate culture does not depend on the leadership style of people. Subsequently, proposals and recommendations for practice are formulated based on the analysis. Among the most important proposals are support for the health of employees in the form of vitamin packages and wellness, sick days, financial rewards and team building. The conclusion of the paper also includes the limitations of the research and its possible extensions.

Sustainable policy and planning of Borobudur Tourism Village, Central Java post Covid-19 Pandemic

This study aims to identify potential mapping and analyze the problems faced by tourism village entrepreneurs in the Borobudur Tourism Area, Central Java after the pandemic. This study uses primary and secondary data. Quantitative analysis using descriptive analysis method is considered appropriate to describe the potential conditions and problems faced by tourism village entrepreneurs. This research obtained the results that each village has a uniqueness that can be raised and collaborated on in the form of inter-village tour packages. The problems faced by tourist villages are relatively homogeneous because they have the same socio-cultural background. The highest approval was mainly in an effort to increase the segment and target market for tourism objects and develop tourism activities and attractions based on local wisdom. The relationship between actors/stakeholders in the development of a tourist village in the Borobudur Tourism Area shows a very strong relationship. The implication of this research is that the unique potential of each village spread across the Borobudur Tourism Area can be addressed and managed wisely by business actors so that they can provide economic and community benefits.