Bottle Packaging Research Articles

Guidance for Increases Production Capacity of Citronella Oil Gema Industri Farmers Group

Lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus. L) is a type of essential oil plant whose essential oil is obtained from the leaves and stems of lemongrass. Lemongrass is classified as a medicinal plant with active compounds that can be used as medicine. The lemongrass oil distillation technique carried out by the Gema Industri farmer group uses the water distillation method. The water distillation method carried out by the Gema Industri farmer group using iron drums can affect the quality of the lemongrass oil produced. An inefficient cooling system (condenser) causes product loss because the components of lemongrass oil are volatile or easily evaporated so that it greatly affects the quality of the distillation results. The purpose of community service is to improve the design of lemongrass oil distillation equipment using a steam distiller made of stainless steel with science and technology input and improve the cooling installation to increase the yield of lemongrass oil. Community service activities are carried out in 4 stages, including socialization, training in preparing raw materials, training in distillation based on stainless steel steam distiller technology and the Bottle Packaging Design Training stage. The use of a steam distiller using a steam method made of stainless steel with a distillation process carried out for 4 hours. The time needed for the oil to come out of the distillation results is 1 hour after the distillation process is carried out. The yield of oil produced is 1.2301%.

The Effect of Chiller and Hot Runner Temperature on Appearance of 100 mL Pet Bottle Products Through the Stretch Blow Molding Process

The using of plastic in human life is increasing over time. This increase occurs because plastic is not easily broken, flexible, practical, economical, and can replace the function of other items. One of the plastic molding processes is Injection Stretch Blow Molding, a plastic molding machine method that combines two processes, namely injection molding and stretch blow molding. The injection stretch blow molding process is a plastic molding machine that is melted and then injected into the mold to form a preform that is stretched and blown to form the product. This machine has a high level of precision so that the aspects of strength and appearance quality on the packaging bottle are the main assessment. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of temperature parameters on black spots, stripes and stripes on 100 mL PET bottle products. It is necessary to handle chiller temperature, hot runner temperature as independent variables in printing preforms. The control variables are material composition, cycle time, holding time, and component gap position. This type of research is experimental research and the processing method used in this research uses the design of experiments using statistical software. The level of variation in hot runner temperature parameter settings is 265°C, 270°C, and 275°C and chiller temperature is 17°C, 18°C, and 19°C. From the results of this research, it can be concluded that the significant parameters used for the chiller are 18°C, the appearance defect is 0.2% and for the hot runner it is 270°C, the appearance defect is 0.4%. This number is a significant parameter that produces fewer appearance defects for 100 mL PET bottle products in order to reduce the number of rejects.

Machine Vision Based Quality Inspection of Pharmaceutical Bottle Packaging

The packaging of the drug products depends on the dosage form and the market in which they are to be commercialized. Based on the market, some tablets/capsules are packed in HDPE/PET bottle containers. Packaging plays a crucial role in maintaining product safety, purity, quality, and stability from production until it reaches customers. Ensuring the packaging and product quality are within specifications is essential during the packaging operation. Equipment utilized in the bottle packaging process is employed with many automated controls such as Machine Vision systems, which work on image acquisition principles along with Deep Learning (DL) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) to identify the defects during the process and reject imperfect packaging. MV is one of the leading pillars of Pharma 4.0, which focuses on digitalization and automation in the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry. This paper discusses the latest advancements and applications of MV in pharmaceutical solid dosage form bottle packaging.

A Procedure for the Preparation of Some Natural Dietary Supplements Based on Coenzyme Q10 from Chicken Hearts and Oil Press Cakes

This study proposes a procedure for preparing some natural dietary supplements based on CoQ10 (coenzyme Q10) from lyophilised chicken hearts, respectively, oil press cakes of sunflower, rapeseed, walnut, and pumpkin. It consists of homogenising the powders obtained from these matrices with 2-propanol, succeeded by sonication, overnight maceration, collecting the liquid phase and filtering it under vacuum, removing the solvent by rotary evaporation, eliminating the 2-propanol traces under a nitrogen stream, and, finally, packaging in 10-mL amber glass bottles. Five dietary supplements were prepared using the above-described procedure and kept at room temperature for 9 months to evaluate their storage stability. To this end, CoQ10, TEAC (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity), and PV (peroxide value) levels were determined initially and every 3 months of storage. The highest levels of CoQ10 were found in the dietary supplements from lyophilised chicken hearts (18.12 mg/10 mL) and pumpkin press cakes (5.48 mg/10 mL). However, those from rapeseed and walnut press cakes had the highest levels of TEAC (19.23 µmol TE/g and 15.31 µmol TE/g, respectively). Exceeding the maximum permissible level for PV revealed a shelf-life of 3 months for the dietary supplements from pumpkin and walnut press cakes and less than that for the others.

An Analysis of Changes in the Harmfulness of the Bottle Packaging Process Depending on the Type of Heat-Shrinkable Film.

This article shows an analysis of selected stages of a machine's life cycle environmental impact in the specific case of machines that package bottles in thermo-shrinkable film. As part of this analysis, laboratory tests were carried out to compare the performance properties of polyethylene films (with and without recycled material). Then, a life cycle assessment (LCA) was carried out within the specified system boundaries using the SimaPro program. Using the ReCiPe 2016 method, differences in the impact of the mass bottle packaging process on the categories human health, ecosystems and resources were determined depending on the shrink film used in the process. These tests showed that the tested batch of film with the addition of recyclates has similar functional properties to traditional ones and can therefore be used in the mass packaging process. The environmental analysis showed that changing the type of film to film with the addition of recyclates results in an almost 70% reduction in the potential negative impact of the process in terms of damage to health and ecosystems, and by 85% in terms of resources.

Environmental Analysis of the Impact of Changing Shrink Film in the Mass Bottle Packaging Process

The aim of this study was to assess the environmental impact of using recycled polyethylene film for shrink-wrapping bottles. For this aim, film properties were tested and the harmfulness of the packaging process was simulated for film made from virgin and recycled material. For the recycled film, the results showed an increase of 14.7% in impact resistance, a change from −21.6 to +94.3% in tear resistance, and a decrease of up to 45.4% in tensile strength in dependence on the test direction. Using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the changes in the properties of the two types of film with temperature changes were evaluated. DSC analysis showed that recycled film has a 1.94 °C lower glass transition temperature and a 1.85 °C lower melting point in comparison to polyethylene film. This can reduce the temperature of the packaging process and lead to energy savings. A study conducted with SimaPro 9.3 software showed that a change in films made of virgin raw material to recycled films reduces the negative impact on the environment from 68.5 to 11.5%. The change also reduces resource consumption by about 80 percent. The results of conducted tests and simulations showed that using recycled film for bottle packaging allows reducing the negative environmental impact of examined process, especially in terms of resource consumption and energy savings.

Identifikasi dan Analisa Risiko Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) Menggunakan Metode HIRARC pada PT. X

X is a company that produces packaging bottles and does not have an OHS expert or Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) Department, so it cannot detect the risks that have the potential to cause work accidents that occur at PT. X. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the risks and hazards of work accidents in the work environment with Hazard Identification, Risk Analysis, and Risk Control (HIRARC), this method is a method used to identify the risk of work accidents by identifying, providing risk levels and risk control as an implementation of the K3 Management System (SMK3) in the company. There are 3 work activities identified with 27 risks and hazards of work accidents that occur. The assessment results show that there are 10 risks at a moderate level, 14 risks at a high level, and 3 risks at a very high level. Risk control using 5 hierarchies of risk control Elimination, substitution, Engineering Control, Administrative Controls, and the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Keywords: Occupational Safety and Health (OSH), Occupational Risk Hazard, Hazard Identification, Risk Analysis, and Risk Control (HIRARC)

Desain Kemasan Sambal yang Ergonomis dan Menarik bagi Generasi Milineal dan Generasi Z

Sambal is one of the favorite foods as an accompaniment to meals for Indonesian people, not only parents but the millennial generation and Generation Z also like chili food. The aim of this research is to design ergonomic chili packaging for the millennial generation and Generation Z. The method used in this research uses the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method by considering consumer aspects. The research results show that the first priority for improvement is redesigning the label on the product. The second priority is providing a seal (aluminum foil) on the packaging to ensure the hygiene and durability of the chili sauce. The third priority is that the chili bottle uses a thicker plastic material to make it sturdy. The fourth priority is changing the chili brand design by adding a chili logo to make it more attractive and bold in describing the product. The fifth priority is to make the chili packaging bottles more oval so that the shape is more ergonomic and easier to hold. The sixth priority is to add a small spoon to every product purchased because usually this packaged chili sauce is used for food outside the home. The seventh priority is increasing the capacity of chili sauce, which previously weighed 100 grams to 150 grams. Keywords: Generation Z, Millennial Generation, QFD, Sambal Packaging

Defect Analysis of Packaging Bottle Products Using Six Sigma and Kaizen Methods at PT. XYZ

PT XYZ is a company engaged in manufacturing plastic packaging. The company produces various forms of packaging, one of which is cosmetic bottle packaging. Meanwhile, based on the problems of the production process, various types of product defects such as black spots, leaks, and oil dirt are often found. The company produces the most defective products in 30ml cosmetic bottle products, with a percentage of 3% to 4% of the total production. Based on the above problems, this study aims to determine the level of defects and the sigma value of product quality. In addition, provide suggestions for improvement to reduce the level of product defects at PT XYZ. The methods used are Six sigma and Kaizen. The Six Sigma stages include define, measure, analyze, and improve. The improve stage is assisted by the Kaizen Five M Checklist and Kaizen Five Step Plan. The improve stage is assisted by the Kaizen Five M Checklist and Kaizen Five Step Plan. Based on the results of research with the six sigma method, the percentage of black spot defects is 74%, leaking is 14.1%, and dirty oil is 11.9%. the proposed improvements given are providing 5S training and SOP refreshment, sorting reject products before grinding, cleaning the machine and production area at the end of each shift, replacing blowpin threads and bolts, and others.

Exergo-economic approach for comprehensive evaluation of the performance of industrial-scale milk and coffee beverage process lines

This study aimed to perform comprehensive analyses of the performance of the industrial-scale production of three different beverages (whole milk, black coffee, and milk coffee) in carton aseptic and glass bottle packaging process lines from raw material to the secondary packed final product by using innovative exergo-economic approach to promote a detailed data for a sustainable, performance-efficient production and economy in beverage industry. System performance efficiencies (energy and exergy) for the whole of production lines and individual processing steps were determined, and the exergo-economic performance of the industrial productions of three different beverages was compared. The maximum overall exergy efficiencies for glass bottle and carton aseptic packaging lines were as 52.57 % and 55.90 %, respectively, in whole milk production whereas the minimum overall exergy efficiencies were for these lines were 47.39 % and 48.67 %, respectively, for milk coffee production. For whole milk, the process steps having the minimum exergy efficiency were the filling step in carton aseptic (23.14 %±1.25) and the seperation step (26.90 %±1.09) in glass bottle packaging lines. For black coffee and milk coffee productions, the process step with the highest improvement potential was the homogenization/deaeration step for both carton aseptic and glass bottle packaging lines. The highest exergy destruction costs were obtained for the milk coffee; 72.52±0.03$/MJ for carton aseptic package and 63.82±1.85$/MJ for glass bottle. The most cost-efficient process was determined to be the black coffee in the carton aseptic packaging line due to the minimum product cost rate (89.71±2.39 $/MJ). It is thought that this study contributes valuable information on the approach of the comparing the performance of different production lines using exergo-economic evaluation.

Pengendalian Limbah Cair Dan Dampak Pengaruh Limbah PT. Pabrik Es Siantar

Established since 1916, PT. Pabrik Es Siantar is the oldest factory of Pematangsiantar. This study is aimed to determine what strategy are used by PT. Pabrik Es Siantar in maintaining the existence of ‘Cap Badak’ products; to know the strategy implementation, evaluation; and also its obstacles. Afterwards, this study analyzes the alternative strategy that possibly recommended to PT. Pabrik Es Siantar for supporting the existing strategy. The research method used is descriptive-qualitative, using case study. Data were collected by interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis techniques used were qualitative-descriptive analysis of Miles and Huberman and also SWOT Analysis using SWOT Matrix, IFE Matrix, EFE Matrix, and then matching the alternative strategies obtained on SWOT Diagram. The results showed that in maintaining the existence of Cap Badak products, PT. Pabrik Es Siantar uses Defense Strategy. The strategy implementation and evaluation has been done properly without changing any standards. The obstacles is they still using their conventional machines because the owner does not intend to regenerate the machines, and the production becomes less and hampered because many bottles are not returned to the factory yet. Furthermore, based on IFE Matrix, EFE Matrix, and SWOT Diagram, the results showed that PT. Pabrik Es Siantar is in Quadrant I, where the company’s position is very profitable and supports aggressive strategies. Based on SWOT Matrix Analysis, PT. Pabrik Es Siantar is recommended to launch Cap Badak products in plastic bottle packaging immediately, do promotion after regenerating machines, educate consumers about the importance of returning bottles on time, purchase orders bottles more often, and change the family management system into a more professional system.

ANALISIS PENGENDALIAN KUALITAS UNTUK MENGURANGI DEFECT PADA GLASS BOTTLE DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE QUALITY CONTROL CIRCLE PT MULIAGLASS CONTAINER DIVISION CIKARANG JAWA BARAT

PT Muliaglass Container Division is a subsidiary of PT Mulia Industrindo, Tbk which is engaged in the glass industry by producing flat glass, glass block, glass packaging, and automotive safety glass as a result of its production. PT Muliaglass Container Division was founded in 1989. The quality control carried out by PT Muliaglass Container Division experienced problems in the Quality Control section or checking checkers, resulting in the defect pass rate so far exceeding the tolerance limits set by the company. There are several types of product defects in glass bottle packaging at PT Muliaglass Container Division, namely Check Ring, Check Under Ring, Leaner, Hot Mold Check, and others. To overcome the problems encountered, research is needed using the Quality Control Circle Method and Statistical Quality Control which are used to calculate how big the reasonable limit is in the product pass rate. After processing Statistical Quality Control data and knowing the number of acceptable quality labels for passing controlled defects or not, proceed with the Quality Control Circle Method, to find out what causes product defects to pass.

The effect of pasteurisation and storage on aroma compounds in lager

Why was the work done: To investigate the impact of pasteurisation and storage in bottle on aroma compounds in pale lager beer. How was the work done: Pale lager beer was produced at an industrial scale with 100% pilsner malt and a bottom fermenting yeast. Samples were taken of unpasteurised beer from bright beer tank, after flash pasteurisation and six months after packaging in amber glass bottles. What are the main findings: Post pasteurisation, a marked increase was found in the concentration of 2,3-pentanedione (50%) and diacetyl (33%), presumably reflecting the decomposition by heat of precurser acetohydroxy acids. There was also a marginal increase in dimethyl sulphide (6%) with little or no change in other aroma compounds. Storage for six months in bottle, also resulted in an increase in the level of 2,3-pentanedione, diacetyl and dimethyl sulphide. The linear (Pearson) correlation was > 0.8 for both dimethyl sulphide and diacetyl, and 2,3-pentanedione and diacetyl. Accordingly, it was concluded that the levels in beer of dimethyl sulphide and 2,3-pentanedione are proportionally related to diacetyl. Why is the work important: This work provides an insight into the effects on flavour and aroma of lager of flash pasteurisation and subsequent storage in bottle. The inter-relationship between aroma compounds in beer suggests that such synergies may undermine the sensory perception of threshold levels and identification of specific aromas.

A Brief Discussion on Weighing Medicine in Ounces: An Innovative Quantitative Medicine Capsule Device

According to the main data bulletin of the seventh national census released by the National Bureau of Statistics, the proportion of China’s population aged 60 and above reached 18.7%, while the proportion of the population aged 65 and above reached 13.5%. This aging of the society in China continues to exacerbate. Currently, most pharmaceutical packaging bottles are only used to package and store medicines. The existing medicine bottles containing tablets or small granules of Chinese patent medicines have larger lids and do not consider the convenience for patients when taking out medicine pills. Excessive pills will be expelled when pouring out from existing medicine bottles due to the large lids. The pills that exceed the dose need to be put back into the medicine bottle, which poses a risk of contamination and brings inconvenience to life. Hence, a quantitative medicine dispensing device is proposed to solve this issue.

Machine vision model for detection of foreign substances at the bottom of empty large volume parenteral.

Empty large volume parenteral (LVP) bottle has irregular shape and narrow opening, and its detection accuracy of the foreign substances at the bottom is higher than that of ordinary packaging bottles. The current traditional detection method for the bottom of LVP bottles is to directly use manual visual inspection, which involves high labor intensity and is prone to visual fatigue and quality fluctuations, resulting in limited applicability for the detection of the bottom of LVP bottles. A geometric constraint-based detection model (GCBDM) has been proposed, which combines the imaging model and the shape characteristics of the bottle to construct a constraint model of the imaging parameters, according to the detection accuracy and the field of view. Then, the imaging model is designed and optimized for the detection. Further, the generalized GCBDM has been adopted to different bottle bottom detection scenarios, such as cough syrup and capsule medicine bottles by changing the target parameters of the model. The GCBDM, on the one hand, can avoid the information at the bottom being blocked by the narrow opening in the imaging optical path. On the other hand, by calculating the maximum position deviation between the center of visual inspection and the center of the bottom, it can provide the basis for the accuracy design of the transmission mechanism in the inspection, thus further ensuring the stability of the detection.

A data-driven analysis of HDPE post-consumer recyclate for sustainable bottle packaging

The packaging industry faces mounting demand to integrate post-consumer recyclate (PCR). However, the complex structure-property relationships of PCRs often obscure their performance compared to virgin equivalents, posing challenges in selecting suitable PCRs for applications. Focused on extrusion blow moulding grade high-density polyethylene (HDPE), this study presents the most extensive characterisation of HDPE PCR to date, encompassing 23 resins (3 virgin, 20 PCR). Employing Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), rheology, colour analysis, and mechanical testing, we established a feature-rich dataset with 56 distinctive characteristics. Utilising a data science approach based on principal component analysis, with the virgin samples as a benchmark, we identified that combining FTIR, TGA and mechanical testing provided effective identification of PCRs that closely match the properties of virgin HDPE. The pipeline created can be utilised for new PCRs to determine suitability as a replacement for virgin plastic in a desired application.

PENGARUH ATRIBUT PRODUK TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN SUSU PASTEURISASI DI RUMAH SUSU KUD ARGOPURO KECAMATAN KRUCIL KABUPATEN PROBOLINGGO

<p><em>Indonesia has the opportunity to increase cow's milk production, but the level of milk consumption among Indonesian people is much lower than in neighboring countries. The imbalance of large production quantities with the low market demand can cause price declines. In order not to experience losses, producers must be consumer-oriented. The aims of this study were to analyze the characteristics of consumers of pasteurized milk at the KUD Argopuro Dairy House and to analyze the effect of the attributes of pasteurized milk on consumers. The research method used descriptive analysis to answer the first purpose and conjoint analysis for the second purpose. The number of samples in this study was 96 respondents. Characteristics consumers of pasteurized milk at the KUD Argopuro Dairy House were mostly women, aged 21 until 25 years, with a high school equivalent final education level, dominated by students, with a monthly income of less than Rp500.000. Consumers prefer chocolate-flavored pasteurized milk in 1.000 ml plastic bottles for Rp6.000. Consumers consider is the taste of the milk, the size of the package, the type of packaging, and the price. Suggestions that can be given are to increase the production of chocolate flavored pasteurized milk so that the product sells faster, develop 1.000 ml packaging in plastic bottles so that it is not inferior to competing products, and set a more affordable price for consumers which are students.</em></p>

Analysis of the Material Structure Evaluation Status by Industry and Release Type of Glass Bottle Packaging Materials

Analysis of the Material Structure Evaluation Status by Industry and Release Type of Glass Bottle Packaging Materials

Observations of fish species diversity in floating artificial habitats in Koto Panjang reservoirs, Indonesia

Monitoring the diversity of fish species in artificial floating habitats that are continuously tested in the waters of the Koto Panjang Reservoir is important to assess the current availability of fish species resources. This study aims to evaluate the increase in fish species in the different artificial floating habitat structures that were tested. This study was conducted from November 2023 to June 2024 in the Koto Panjang Reservoir on 9 existing floating habitat structures. Each structure has 8 attractors with media (raffia rope, plastic rope, packaging bottles) hung at a depth of 2 m. Each structure is equipped with 4 traps to catch fish every month, then counted and identified according to applicable procedures. The catch in all artificial habitats was 189 fish with a total of 21 species from the previous 16 species. The largest number of fish remained in the raffia rope media at 100% and the lowest in the strapping band at 76,2%. Meanwhile, the types of fish found in the reservoir waters were 32 species from the 44 species that had been recorded from previous research. It was concluded that raffia rope media is a media preferred by fish in artificial floating habitats.

PKM. BUDIDAYA LEBAH MADU KELE AGROWISATA ETNO BALI DI DESA BAHA, KECAMATAN MENGWI KABUPATEN BADUNG

Balinese Ethno Bee Agrotourism is located in Baha village, Mengwi District, Badung Regency, Bali Province, which is engaged in cultivating honey bees, Kele is a partner in the Community Partnership Program (PKM) activities. The aim of this PKM is to overcome pests that attack Kele honey bees in an effort to increase the production of Kele Honey Bee Cultivation, and to increase sales of honey production from Kele Honey Bee Cultivation. The partner priority problems being assisted are as follows: (1) Pest problems in kele honey bee cultivation. (2) Marketing problems. The solution to deal with all attacks from bee enemies, beekeepers must look for and know the prevention: 1) to prevent ants from entering the bee house, the legs supporting the bee house are smeared with oil or put in a bowl filled with water. To prevent night moths, you can do this by keeping the bee house clean, making the door smaller so that the butterflies cannot enter, strengthening the colony and setting traps at night. If eggs, caterpillars and moths are found in the nest, they must be immediately removed and destroyed. Strengthens bee colonies so they can kill bacteria that attack larvae. Take the infected comb, then destroy it by burning it. Likewise, dealing with lizard and toke attacks requires traps. 2) For marketing, there needs to be online and off-line marketing promotions. The group continues to improve production quality, maintains the quality of honey sold to consumers, makes bottle packaging as attractive as possible and contains special labels to maintain the good name of the producer.