Reduction Package Research Articles

MINDS: JWST/NIRCam imaging of the protoplanetary disk PDS 70

Context. Two protoplanets have recently been discovered within the PDS 70 protoplanetary disk. JWST/NIRCam offers a unique opportunity to characterize them and their birth environment at wavelengths that are difficult to access from the ground. Aims. We image the circumstellar environment of PDS 70 at 1.87 μm and 4.83 μm, assess the presence of Pa-α emission due to accretion onto the protoplanets, and probe any IR excess indicative of heated circumplanetary material. Methods. We obtained noncoronagraphic JWST/NIRCam images of PDS 70 within the MIRI mid-INfrared Disk Survey (MINDS) program. We leveraged the Vortex Image Processing (VIP) package for data reduction, and we developed dedicated routines for optimal stellar point spread function subtraction, unbiased imaging of the disk, and protoplanet flux measurement in this type of dataset. A radiative transfer model of the disk was used to separate the contributions from the disk and the protoplanets. Results. We redetect both protoplanets and identify extended emission after subtracting a disk model, including a large-scale spiral-like feature. We interpret its signal in the direct vicinity of planet c as tracing the accretion stream that feeds its circumplanetary disk, while the outer part of the feature may rather reflect asymmetric illumination of the outer disk. We also report a bright signal that is consistent with a previously proposed protoplanet candidate enshrouded in dust near the 1:2:4 mean-motion resonance with planets b and c. The 1.87 μm flux of planet b is consistent with atmospheric model predictions, but the flux of planet c is not. We discuss potential origins for this discrepancy, including significant Pa-α line emission. The 4.83 μm fluxes of planets b and c suggest enshrouding dust or heated CO emission from their circumplanetary environment. Conclusions. The use of image-processing methods that are optimized for extended disk signals on high-sensitivity and high-stability from JWST can uniquely identify signatures of planet–disk interactions and enable accurate photometry of protoplanets at wavelengths that are difficult to probe from the ground. Our results indicate that more protoplanets can be identified and characterized in other JWST datasets.

Elucidating T cell dynamics and molecular mechanisms in syngeneic and allogeneic islet transplantation through single-cell RNA sequencing.

Islet transplantation is a promising therapy for diabetes treatment. However, the molecular underpinnings governing the immune response, particularly T-cell dynamics in syngeneic and allogeneic transplant settings, remain poorly understood. Understanding these T cell dynamics is crucial for enhancing graft acceptance and managing diabetes treatment more effectively. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms, gene expression differences, biological pathway alterations, and intercellular communication patterns among T-cell subpopulations after syngeneic and allogeneic islet transplantation. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we analyzed cellular heterogeneity and gene expression profiles using the Seurat package for quality control and dimensionality reduction through t-SNE. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed among different T cell subtypes. GSEA was conducted utilizing the HALLMARK gene sets from MSigDB, while CellChat was used to infer and visualize cell-cell communication networks. Our findings revealed genetic variations within T-cell subpopulations between syngeneic and allogeneic islet transplants. We identified significant DEGs across these conditions, highlighting molecular discrepancies that may underpin rejection or other immune responses. GSEA indicated activation of the interferon-alpha response in memory T cells and suppression in CD4+ helper and γδ T cells, whereas TNFα signaling via NFκB was particularly active in regulatory T cells, γδ T cells, proliferating T cells, and activated CD8+ T cells. CellChat analysis revealed complex communication patterns within T-cell subsets, notably between proliferating T cells and activated CD8+ T cells. In conclusion, our study provides a comprehensive molecular landscape of T-cell diversity in islet transplantation. The insights into specific gene upregulation in xenotransplants suggest potential targets for improving graft tolerance. The differential pathway activation across T-cell subsets underscores their distinct roles in immune responses posttransplantation.

Mechanisms of Aging Vary with Developmental Stages in the Human Hematopoietic Trajectory

Background : Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) undergo functional changes with age. An unresolved issue is whether aging is induced by a shift in intrinsic state in which all HSPCs undergo coordinated changes in functional potential, or by clonal evolution of a senescent population.Identification of senescent cells in human hematopoiesis poses another challenge. In this study, we have identified lineage-specific, senescence-associated pathways at different developmental stages of HSPCs and have developed an “aging signature HSC” for non-primed human HSCs. Methods: HSPCs (CD34+ cells) were isolated from the bone marrow of healthy human subjects (old = >60 years; young = 21 to <35 years). Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNAseq) studies and downstream analysis were performed using different R packages for normalization, dimension reduction, clustering, classification, pseudotime ordering, and developmental trajectory analyses. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, GSEA (version 4.3.2., Broad Institute, Inc) was applied to identify pathways and processes that were coordinately up- or down-regulated with aging. Results: HSPCs (CD34+ cells) were derived from 13 healthy human subjects (old subjects n = 6; young subjects n = 7). There were 26,076 genes identified. The HSPCs were ordered and classified along their developmental trajectory during differentiation processes from (1) hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) to (2) myeloid-lymphoid progenitors (MLP), (3) megakaryocyte-erythrocyte progenitors (MEP), (4) granulocytic-monocytic progenitors (GMP), (5) granulocyte- (G), and (6) monocyte- (Mono) progenitors, (7) dendritic cell (DC), (8) erythroid progenitors (E), as well as various subsets of lymphocytes (Ly1 to Ly4). The results are depicted in Figure 1A. Remarkable are the increases in HSCs (p < 0.05) and in Ly4 (p < 0.001) in old subjects. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test showed a significant delay in the developmental “pseudotimes” of HSCs (p < 0.001) and of Ly4 (p < 0.05). We then compared the differences in GSEA between old and young subjects in each of the following clusters: (A) whole HSPCs; (B) HSPCs along myeloid pathway (mye-HSPC); (C) HSC-MLP-MEP; (D) HSC. The major findings relevant to aging are summarized in Fig. 1B. Pathways that are significantly increased in the old subjects and throughout all comparisons include: “Formation of senescence associated heterochromatin foci”, “Aging signature HSC”, “DNA damage telomere stress induced senescence”, and “TNFR1 induced NFKB signaling pathway”. “Hypoxia”, “P53 pathway”, “IL2 signaling”, “TNFA signaling via NFKB” were elevated upon enrichment of the primitive HSC population, while other pathways decreased: “Senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP)”, “DNA methylation”. “Cell cycle” and “DNA repair” are consistently more abundant in young subjects. We analyzed the 512 cells in the HSC cluster with higher resolution and were able to identify a sub-cluster “MPP2A” that is significantly increased in old subjects (4.5% of all HSPCs and 28.5% of HSCs, versus 1.9% and 12.9% respectively in young subjects; p < 0.005). The results are depicted in the highlighted circles in Fig. 1A. This population is quiescent and is highly enriched in “aging signature HSC” in old subjects (p <0.0001). Prominent examples of these signature genes within this list are shown in Fig. 1C). Further along the trajectory, a unique population of B cells “Ly4” was found predominantly in old subjects. The transcriptome profile Ly4 is similar to immature and age-associated B cells (ABCs). This cluster of lymphoid cells may represent the precursors of ABCs described thus far only in peripheral blood, providing another evidence that the aging mechanisms at various differentiation stages are different. Conclusions: In this study, we have defined specific pathways that distinctly separate aging HSCPs from young ones, and shown that the definition of “aging signature” varies with developmental stages. The accumulation a small cluster in the non-primed HSC compartment, with “aging signature HSC” and cell cycle arrest in old subjects indicates that aging of human hematopoiesis is induced by clonal evolution. The abundance of a unique population among lymphoid precursors with expression profiles similar to ABCs demonstrates that lymphoid and myeloid progenitors age differently.

An end-to-end workflow for multiplexed image processing and analysis.

Multiplexed imaging enables the simultaneous spatial profiling of dozens of biological molecules in tissues at single-cell resolution. Extracting biologically relevant information, such as the spatial distribution of cell phenotypes from multiplexed tissue imaging data, involves a number of computational tasks, including image segmentation, feature extraction and spatially resolved single-cell analysis. Here, we present an end-to-end workflow for multiplexed tissue image processing and analysis that integrates previously developed computational tools to enable these tasks in a user-friendly and customizable fashion. For data quality assessment, we highlight the utility of napari-imc for interactively inspecting raw imaging data and the cytomapper R/Bioconductor package for image visualization in R. Raw data preprocessing, image segmentation and feature extraction are performed using the steinbock toolkit. We showcase two alternative approaches for segmenting cells on the basis of supervised pixel classification and pretrained deep learning models. The extracted single-cell data are then read, processed and analyzed in R. The protocol describes the use of community-established data containers, facilitating the application of R/Bioconductor packages for dimensionality reduction, single-cell visualization and phenotyping. We provide instructions for performing spatially resolved single-cell analysis, including community analysis, cellular neighborhood detection and cell-cell interaction testing using the imcRtools R/Bioconductor package. The workflow has been previously applied to imaging mass cytometry data, but can be easily adapted to other highly multiplexed imaging technologies. This protocol can be implemented by researchers with basic bioinformatics training, and the analysis of the provided dataset can be completed within 5-6 h. An extended version is available at https://bodenmillergroup.github.io/IMCDataAnalysis/ .

Effect of home cook interventions for salt reduction in China: cluster randomised controlled trial.

To determine the effects of salt reduction interventions designed for home cooks and family members. Cluster randomised controlled trial. Six provinces in northern, central, and southern China from 15 October 2018 to 30 December 2019. 60 communities from six provinces (10 communities from each province) were randomised; each community comprised 26 people (two people from each of 13 families). Participants in the intervention group received 12 month interventions, including supportive environment building for salt reduction, six education sessions on salt reduction, and salt intake monitoring by seven day weighed record of salt and salty condiments. The control group did not receive any of the interventions. Difference between the two groups in change in salt intake measured by 24 hour urinary sodium during the 12 month follow-up. 1576 participants (775 (49.2%) men; mean age 55.8 (standard deviation 10.8) years) from 788 families (one home cook and one other adult in each family) completed the baseline assessment. After baseline assessment, 30 communities with 786 participants were allocated to the intervention group and 30 communities with 790 participants to the control group. During the trial, 157 (10%) participants were lost to follow-up, and the remaining 706 participants in the intervention group and 713 participants in the control group completed the follow-up assessment. During the 12 month follow-up, the urinary sodium excretion decreased from 4368.7 (standard deviation 1880.3) mg per 24 hours to 3977.0 (1688.8) mg per 24 hours in the intervention group and from 4418.7 (1973.7) mg per 24 hours to 4330.9 (1859.8) mg per 24 hours in the control group. Compared with the control group, adjusted mixed linear model analysis showed that the 24 hour urinary sodium excretion in the intervention group was reduced by 336.8 (95% confidence interval 127.9 to 545.7) mg per 24 hours (P=0.002); the systolic and diastolic blood pressures were reduced by 2.0 (0.4 to 3.5) (P=0.01) and 1.1 (0.1 to 2.0) mm Hg (P=0.03), respectively; and the knowledge, attitude, and behaviours in the intervention group improved significantly. The community based salt reduction package targeting home cooks and family members was effective in lowering salt intake and blood pressure. This intervention has the potential to be widely applied in China and other countries where home cooking remains a major source of salt intake. Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR1800016804.

Combining granular aerogels with additively manufactured porous structures for broadband sound absorption

Our recent investigation [1] showed that the absorption behavior of granular aerogel agglomerates with average particle diameters less than 50μm is dominated by periodically spaced, high absorption peaks and troughs. While the absorption peaks, especially at lower frequencies, are desirable from an engineering application perspective, overcoming the loss in high frequency performance remains a challenge. Furthermore, the practical application of granular aerogels is limited by the difficulty in handling them. In this work, we propose a new design for a broadband noise absorber achieved by layering the aerogel granules within a 3D printed porous network. The design provides a robust method of incorporating aerogels within noise reduction packages and can be tailored by altering the rigid porous network and the layering arrangement. In this presentation, we present our preliminary findings regarding the fabrication and testing of such hybrid sound absorbers. [1] Dasyam A, Xue Y, Bolton JS, Sharma B. Effect of particle size on sound absorption behavior of granular aerogel agglomerates. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 2022 Dec 15;598:121942.

Spherepc: An R Package for Dimension Reduction on a Sphere

Dimension reduction is a technique that can compress given data and reduce noise. Recently, a dimension reduction technique on spheres, called spherical principal curves (SPC), has been proposed. SPC fits a curve that passes through the middle of data with a stationary property on spheres. In addition, a study of local principal geodesics (LPG) is considered to identify the complex structure of data. Through the description and implementation of various examples, this paper introduces an R package [spherepc](https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=spherepc) for dimension reduction of data lying on a sphere, including existing methods, SPC and LPG.

Sound absorption and transmission loss properties of open-celled aluminum foams with stepwise relative density gradients

We investigate the acoustical properties of uncompressed and compressed open-celled aluminum metal foams fabricated using a directional solidification foaming process. We compressed the fabricated foams using a hydraulic press to different compression ratios and characterized the effect of compression on the cellular microstructure using microtomography and scanning electron microscopy. The static airflow resistances of the samples are measured and related to the observed microstructural changes. We measured the normal incidence acoustical properties using two- and four-microphone impedance tube methods and show that the compression substantially improves their sound absorption and transmission loss performance. We then stack individual disks with different compression ratios to create various stepwise relative density gradient configurations and show that stepwise gradients provide a significant improvement in properties as compared to the uncompressed sample. The effect of increasing and decreasing relative density gradients on the overall absorption and transmission loss behavior is characterized. Finally, we use an experimentally informed and validated transfer matrix method to predict the effect of various layer thicknesses and stacking sequences on the global acoustical properties. Our results show that open-celled metal foams with stepwise relative density gradients can be designed to provide tailored acoustic absorption performance while reducing the overall weight of the noise reduction package.

NewWave: a scalable R/Bioconductor package for the dimensionality reduction and batch effect removal of single-cell RNA-seq data

SummaryWe present NewWave, a scalable R/Bioconductor package for the dimensionality reduction and batch effect removal of single-cell RNA sequencing data. To achieve scalability, NewWave uses mini-batch optimization and can work with out-of-memory data, enabling users to analyze datasets with millions of cells.Availability and implementation NewWave is implemented as an open-source R package available through the Bioconductor project at https://bioconductor.org/packages/NewWave/Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

English

The northern part of Ghana is bedeviled with high incidence of poverty with threatening food insecurity. Agriculture is the main stay of the people in northern Ghana. In spite of the introduction of variety of poverty reduction strategies, the region remains the hardest hit in terms of the numbers of poor people. This study sought to evaluate the constraints to poverty reduction among farmers in the northern region. The study made use of data from a survey of 420 farmers from five randomly selected districts in the region. Multi-stage sampling process was employed. In-depth interviews were used on the key informants. Descriptive statistics and Kendal’s coefficient of concordance were employed to analyse the data. The study reveals that poverty reduction in the northern part of the country is plagued with several constraints. Prominent of these constraints include erratic climatic conditions, inadequate financial credit, poor road network, market volatility of agricultural produce, bush fires, pest and disease outbreak, poor economic opportunities, violent conflicts, corruption and mismanagement of poverty reduction packages. It is recommended that central government, decentralized agencies and poverty alleviation oriented NGOs give priority attention to agriculture in the region. Key words: Smallholder farmer, poverty reduction, constraints, Kendall’s coefficient.&nbsp

ATHENA: Advanced Techniques for High dimensional parameter spaces to Enhance Numerical Analysis

<h2>Abstract</h2> ATHENA is an open source Python package for reduction in parameter space. It implements several advanced numerical analysis techniques such as Active Subspaces (AS), Kernel-based Active Subspaces (KAS), and Nonlinear Level-set Learning (NLL) method. It is intended as a tool for regression, sensitivity analysis, and in general to enhance existing numerical simulations' pipelines tackling the curse of dimensionality.

Prioritization of Hospital Information System’s Executive Barriers to Patient Payment Reduction and Visitation Quality Improvement Packages of Health System Reform Plan from the Perspectives of Users and Experts in Hospitals of Yazd

Background: Healthcare facilities are dependent on hospital information systems due to the high volume and variation of information in different fields. These systems are a prerequisite for effective and high-quality healthcare provision in hospitals.&#x0D; Objectives: The present study intended to prioritize the executive barriers to these systems in patient payment reduction and visitation quality improvement packages of the health system reform plan (HSRP) from the perspectives of users and experts in selected university hospitals of Yazd, Iran, in 2019.&#x0D; Methods: The population of this descriptive-analytical study included 110 participants, including experts of information technology (IT) unit, hospital managers, and personnel of the administrative and medical units dealing with the hospital information system. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire based on similar studies, the validity of which was evaluated by a committee of experts. Also, the reliability of the questionnaire was investigated and confirmed before the study using the Cronbach’s alpha method and a sample of 30 participants. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 21.&#x0D; Results: Among the six barrier dimensions, the highest mean score belonged to the professional factors (3.46 ± 1.03), followed by human barriers (3.44 ± 0.83). Among professional barriers, the lack of motivation of the personnel in IT learning and get training on the IT-related skills had the highest mean score of 3.67.&#x0D; Conclusions: According to the results, outsourcing such services and special budget allocation for hardware and software update and support, holding conferences, and provision of practical training in this field are suitable strategies for better implementation of such systems.

Int3D: A Data Reduction Software for Single Crystal Neutron Diffraction

We describe a new software package for the data reduction of single crystal neutron diffraction using large 2D detectors. The software consists of a graphical user interface from which the user can visualize, interact with and process the data. The data reduction is achieved by sequentially executing a series of programs designed for performing the following tasks: peak detection, indexing, refinement of the orientation matrix and motor offsets, and integration. The graphical tools of the software allow visualization of and interaction with the data in two and three dimensions, both in direct and reciprocal spaces. They make it easy to validate the different steps of the data reduction and will be of great help in the treatment of complex problems involving incommensurate structures, twins or diffuse scattering.

REDUCING THE JOB-RELATED STRESS AMONG NURSING OFFICERS IN A BASE HOSPITAL, SRI LANKA

Introduction: Stress is a one of risk factors affecting all health categories including nursing officers. Objective: To implement a Mindfulness Base Stress Reduction (MBSR) intervention for nursing officers at base hospital Horana Sri Lanka. Methodology: Intervention study with randomizing nursing officers for two groups (i.e., control group and intervention group) was conducted in Base hospital, Horana. A sample of 96 nursing officers was randomized to two groups. Prior to randomization, baseline stress level was assessed by Expanded Nursing Stress Scale (ENSS). A six-week mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) package was implemented for intervention group. Similar to the baseline assessment, effectiveness of the MBSR package was assessed following the implementation in both groups. Student t test was used to compare intervention and non-intervention group. Initially, 48 participants were selected for each arm. Out of the remaining participants, 42 in non-intervention group and 41 in the intervention group were completed the post intervention assessment, successfully. Results: Several aspects of stress were improved with the intervention. As examples, perception of stress due to issues of inpatient care including procedure painful to patient (p =001), The death of a patient with whom you develop with a close relationship ( p&lt;0.001)), Physician(s)not being present when patients dying ( p =0.001), watching the patient suffer( p &lt;0.001), were significantly improved in the intervention group. Conclusion: Result of present study shows benefits of MBSR intervention to reduce perception of stress among nursing officers. The MBSR package is recommended for other hospitals.

The Third Data Release of the KODIAQ Survey

Abstract We present and make publicly available the third data release (DR3) of the Keck Observatory Database of Ionized Absorption toward Quasars (KODIAQ) survey. KODIAQ DR3 consists of a fully reduced sample of 727 quasars at 0.1 &lt; z em &lt; 6.4 observed with the Echellette Sepctrograph and Imager at moderate resolution (4000 ≤ R ≤ 10,000). DR3 contains 872 spectra available in flux calibrated form, representing a sum total exposure time of ∼2.8 megaseconds. These coadded spectra arise from a total of 2753 individual exposures of quasars taken from the Keck Observatory Archive (KOA) in raw form and uniformly processed using a data reduction package made available through the XIDL distribution. DR3 is publicly available to the community, housed as a higher level science product at the KOA and in the igmspec database.

Randomised controlled trial of tailored support to increase physical activity and reduce smoking in smokers not immediately ready to quit: protocol for the Trial of physical Activity-assisted Reduction of Smoking (TARS) Study

IntroductionSmoking reduction can lead to increased success in quitting. This study aims to determine if a client-focused motivational support package for smoking reduction (and quitting) and increasing (or otherwise using)...

Short communication on the role of cellulosic fiber-based packaging in reduction of climate change impacts

This short communication describes the climate change impacts of using cellulose, and more precisely cellulosic fiber-based materials, in food packaging, representing current and emerging industrial state of the art technology, without specific reference to current scientific advances. First, the different types of cellulosic fiber-based packaging materials, which can be used to replace fossil-based packaging materials, are presented for flexible and rigid applications. The focus is on technological solutions with packaging properties that enable the protection of commonly sold food products. The manufacturing processes associated with these cellulosic fiber-based materials is described and the environmental impact assessment of 4 selected case studies presented: stand-up pouches, flexible flow wraps, frozen or chilled food trays, and molded pulp lids. A simplified eco-design Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was then performed to compare each solution with its fossil-based counterpart. Differences and similarities between the various cellulosic solutions have been identified. Furthermore, the assessment confirms that cellulosic fiber-based materials have reduced environmental impacts as compared to fossil-based counterparts, if a similar packaging weight is obtained. Indeed, all impacts of plastics are between 3 and 5 kg CO2eq/kg, while all impacts of cellulosic fiber-based materials are below 1.5 kg CO2eq/kg.

LA-ICP-MS imaging in the geosciences and its applications to geochronology

Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) mapping is a rapidly expanding field in the geosciences because of the wealth of spatial information it provides on the petrogenesis of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks and ore mineral formation. The technique has also opened many new applications in forensics, archaeology and the imaging of trace metals in biological tissues. Instrumentation advances in both LA and ICP-MS systems now permit precise isotopic analysis with laser spot sizes of <10 μm and sub-ppm detections limits. In particular LA-quadrupole (Q)-ICP-MS systems facilitate mapping of large numbers of elements across nearly the entire mass range of the periodic table. A range of key applications in petrogenesis studies and in the fields of environmental and biological sciences is reviewed. Furthermore, technical considerations including a practical guide for setting up LA-ICP-MS multi-element mapping experiments and the latest innovations in dedicated data reduction and image processing packages for the visualization, interrogation and extraction of quantitative data from LA-ICP-MS maps are discussed, with particular emphasis placed on quadrupole systems. A key issue is imaging artefacts (spectral skew) caused by interaction between the laser repetition rate and the total sweep cycle time, particularly when coupling a sequential Q-ICP-MS analyser to modern low dispersion (fast-washout) LA cells. Running at high repetition rates is recommended for low-dispersion cells as it enables faster scanning while minimizing temporal variations in signal intensity caused by pulsing of the laser. Advances in LA-ICP-MS instrumentation and methodologies (data processing, visualization and extraction) have enabled simultaneous acquisition of compositional and U-Pb age information at high-spatial resolution which has great potential in geochronological studies. Formation histories of complex polyphase accessory minerals such as zircon, titanite or monazite, where discrete age domains are often linked with specific rock-forming processes and their physical conditions (i.e. U-Pb petrochronology), are now directly accessible. Moreover, fine-scale processes affecting the U-Pb systematics of accessory minerals can be constrained when LA-ICP-MS mapping is combined with other textural (e.g. CL or Raman) imaging techniques. U-Pb analysis of materials with variable initial Pb concentrations and/or heterogeneous genetic origin such as carbonates also benefit from such a mapping approach as areas with sufficient spread in 238U/204Pb ratio (μ) can be targeted, while simultaneous imaging of diagnostic trace elements allows identification and exclusion of zones affected by alteration or detrital contamination. The quasi-simultaneous detection offered by LA-time-of-flight (TOF)-ICP-MS allows rapid multi-element analysis of very fast transient signals (i.e. laser ablation imaging in low dispersion laser ablation cells). The approach is ideally suited to 2D and 3D imaging of biological and geological materials and will likely replace LA-Q-ICP-MS for such applications once more routinely available.

35 Evaluation of a Multidisciplinary Opioid Reduction Package in an Academic Medical Center's Emergency Department

35 Evaluation of a Multidisciplinary Opioid Reduction Package in an Academic Medical Center's Emergency Department

Astro Space Locator — A software package for VLBI data processing and reduction

Abstract The article describes the main features and algorithms of Astro Space Locator (ASL) software package. This high performance package has a user-friendly graphical interface and it is used for VLBI data processing and reduction. ASL supports data editing, calibration, multi-frequency analysis, standard and multi-frequency VLBI imaging.