Pace Of Activity Research Articles

Actigraphic Physical Activity, Pain Intensity, and Polysomnographic Sleep in Fibromyalgia

ABSTRACT Introduction Fibromyalgia involves chronic pain and disrupted physical activity and sleep. Research examining the relationship between pre-bedtime physical activity, pain, and objective sleep is limited. This study examined whether objectively measured physical activity levels (via actigraphy), pain intensity, or their interaction are associated with polysomnographic sleep outcomes. Methods Adults with fibromyalgia and insomnia complaints (n = 134, mean age = 52 yrs, SD = 12 yrs, 94% female) completed 14 days of biaxial, wrist worn actigraphy, pain ratings, and a single night of polysomnography (PSG). Average activity for intervals 9:00–12:00, 12:00–15:00, 15:00–18:00, 18:00–21:00 was computed. Multiple regressions examined whether average activity, average evening pain, or their interaction were associated with PSG outcomes: sleep onset latency (SOL), wake after sleep onset (WASO), sleep efficiency, %stage1, %stage2, %stage3, and %rapid eye movement. Analyses controlled for age, body mass index, average bedtime, time in bed, and sleep/pain medication use. Results Greater morning actigraphic physical activity from 9:00 to 12:00 was independently associated with greater %stage 1 sleep (B = 0.01, SE = 0.00, p < .01). Greater afternoon activity from 12:00 to 15:00 independently predicted a higher WASO (p < .001). Associations between afternoon physical activity from 12:00 to 15:00 and greater %stage 1 (p < .001) were significant for at higher (~71/100), average (~52/100), but not lowest (~32/100) pain. Conclusion Greater morning and afternoon activity is associated with greater PSG sleep fragmentation and greater %stage 1 sleep in individuals with fibromyalgia and insomnia complaints, and the relationship between higher physical activity and greater %stage 1 is stronger for individuals with higher pain. Further studies examining causal pathways between physical activity, activity pacing, and sleep are warranted in fibromyalgia.

Opportunities for Transforming Fundamental Physics Researchinto an Innovative Product

Currently, humanity, our entire civilization needs long–term forecasts of emergencies and systems of individualized control of the actions of people and robots (AI systems) in the event of an emergency in order to radically reduce human and material losses. This was shown by the events of this year – catastrophic in scale fires, floods, earthquakes, apparently associated with global space phenomena, and man–made disasters, including epidemics associated with the pace of economic activity – the concentration of the world's population in megacities, globalization of the economy, population mobility, etc. The article shows that only the introduction of a mass service of individualized subscriber rescue management (IUSA) of an infocommunication network with sensors developed as a result of fundamental physical studies, and its full–fledged industrial operation can be accelerated by creating the Association of Researchers of Applied Physics Problems (ARAPP).

SLOW TRAVEL IN TOURISM - AN OUTLINE OF CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKS: POTENTIAL AND LIMITS IN THE CONTEXT OF POST-PANDEMIC RECOVERY

The fast pace of life and the pressure to maximise performance, particularly in developed countries, has led to an increase in time poverty and the value of time as an intangible and irreversible commodity. The response to the rise of time poverty was the formation of the Slow Movement. Its main objective is to return to the natural pace of everyday activities and seek to gain control over its management in terms of appropriateness adapted to current individual needs. The Slow Movement sees the basic premise of a healthy society as the "slowing down" of life by creating a sustainable alternative to the mainstream culture of a consumption-driven society, fed by disproportionately increasing pressures for efficiency and performance. Slow tourism is understood in this study as a mental model based on slow travel. The review article´s main objective is to outline the conceptual frameworks of slow tourism. In this context, the study aims to identify the key attributes of the concept and the theoretical basis of slow tourism. Methodologically, we draw on a set of nine empirical studies from the pre-pandemic period. These studies were analysed and then compared with other proposed models. On their basis, we have created an overview of the differential attributes in relation to the "fast" mode of tourism products. The following discussion is based on the subjective perception of the time required to achieve the set goals of slow tourists. We understand the dichotomy of fast and slow travel within slow tourism as two complementary components necessary to achieve travel goals. Slowness is perceived attitudinally rather than behaviourally. In conclusion, the review article also highlights the limits of the concept in view of the opportunities offered in the process of post-pandemic recovery of the sector.

Цифровой гудвилл предприятия: содержание понятия и возможность оценки

The article deals with the problems of determining the concept of goodwill in terms of digital transformation. There has been proposed a new concept of digital goodwill and studied the problems of determining its content and evaluation. Digital transformation in modern conditions has been found to determine both the pace of economic development and efficient activities and the creation of a successful business reputation. A comparative analysis of the methods for evaluating the results of digitalization was carried out and it was revealed that the performance indicators are similar in many methods, but the number of indicators and the reliability of their assessment is questionable. The analysis of the definitions of the concept of goodwill showed that there is no single, generally accepted definition, goodwill improperly comprises only business reputation. It has been assumed that the concept of goodwill is broader, it comprises a set of characteristics of an organization (business reputation, product quality, technological culture, digital culture, a certain level of production organization, partnerships, market prospects). In the context of digitalization, new types of factors of production appear, which include digital capital; an analysis of the existing definitions of digital capital was carried out and its own was proposed: tangible and intangible identifiable assets and unidentifiable digital assets (digital goodwill and digital competencies of employees), which allow implementing digital technologies and contribute to increasing labor productivity. For the first time the concept of digital goodwill was proposed, under which is meant a good name of the company including the company’s reputation, prestige, customer relations, location, product range, and other things based on the active use of digital technologies in management and having a significant impact on its future income. Key factors of digitalization have been identified, which can serve as targets for the formation of digital goodwill. The problems of evaluating digital goodwill are considered: invisibility (absence in accounting objects), lack of a clear assessment methodology, unavailability of objective information for developing the cash flows.

Сучасні підходи до навчання майбутніх економістів засобами комп’ютерних технологій

Abstract. Introduction. The article analyzes current issues of transformation of the education system in accordance with the Bologna system, taking into account globalization trends, achieving compliance with the information society and finding new forms and methods of higher education, which creates preconditions for intensifying the introduction of computer technology education (ZVO). Purpose The purpose of this article is to study the scientific and methodological foundations of training future economists on the basis of computer technology, which creates real opportunities for their use in education in order to develop creative abilities of students. Results. The analysis of scientific works on the information state of society and the introduction of computer technology in the educational process of free economic science. Attention is paid to the introduction of modern approaches to the training of future economists using computer technology. The role of information and subject complexes, which form the basis of pedagogical software, which is a powerful tool for improving the efficiency of the teacher and improving students' perception of educational material. It has been proven that the application of computer-based learning technologies is the development and use of educational software. The peculiarity of computer-based learning technologies is that they must accumulate in themselves, along with the computer program, the didactic and methodological experience of the subject teacher. The main problem that is seen here is the development of methods for computerization of the discipline. It is possible to either completely restructure and focus on creating new computerized courses, or to implement a methodology with partial computer support of the discipline, which, in our opinion, is more acceptable. The use of information and communication technologies in the process of training future economists has a number of advantages - the ability to control the pace of educational activities, choose the level of complexity of tasks, the ability to clearly demonstrate certain phenomena. New computer technologies open access to non-traditional sources of information, increase the efficiency of independent work, create space for creativity, acquisition and consolidation of professional skills, allow the implementation of fundamentally new forms and methods of learning. Their introduction changes education in general. Conclusions. Therefore, when teaching economic disciplines, there are enough reserves to increase its effectiveness with the help of computer technology. However, following this direction, it is necessary to find a balance in the system "teachercomputer-student".

Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Screening for Cardiac Sarcoidosis in Patients With Atrioventricular Block Requiring Temporary Pacing.

BackgroundSome myocardial diseases, such as cardiac sarcoidosis, predispose to complete atrioventricular block. The European Society of Cardiology Guidelines on cardiac pacing in 2021 recommend myocardial disease screening in patients with conduction disorder requiring pacemaker with multimodality imaging, including cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging. The ability of CMR imaging to detect myocardial disease in patients with a temporary pacing wire is not well documented.Methods and ResultsOur myocardial disease screening protocol is based on using an active fixation pacing lead connected to a reusable extracorporeal pacing generator (temporary permanent pacemaker) as a bridge to a permanent pacemaker. From 2011 to 2019, we identified 17 patients from our CMR database who underwent CMR imaging with a temporary permanent pacemaker for atrioventricular block. We analyzed their clinical presentations, CMR data, and pacemaker therapy. All CMRs were performed without adverse events. Pacing leads induced minor artifacts to the septal myocardial segments. The extent of late gadolinium enhancement in CMR imaging was used to screen patients for the presence of myocardial disease. Patients with evidence of late gadolinium enhancement underwent endomyocardial biopsy. If considered clinically indicated, also 18‐F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and extracardiac tissue biopsy were performed if sarcoidosis was suspected. Eventually, 8 of 17 patients (47.1%) were diagnosed with histologically confirmed granulomatous inflammatory cardiac disease. Importantly, only 1 had a previously diagnosed extracardiac sarcoidosis at the time of presentation with high‐degree atrioventricular block.ConclusionsCMR imaging with temporary permanent pacemaker protocol is an effective and safe early screening tool for myocardial disease in patients presenting with atrioventricular block requiring immediate, continuous pacing for bradycardia.

Magnetic resonance imaging in patients with temporary external pacemakers

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Other. Main funding source(s): This work was supported by Aarhus University, the Danish Heart Foundation (grant number R140-A9482-B2407); Health Research Foundation of Central Denmark Region (grant number R64-A3194-B1667); and Gangstedfonden. Background Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly becoming the imaging modality of choice for many clinical disorders. According to guidelines, MRI can safely be performed 6 weeks after implantation of a MRI-conditional permanent pacemaker. However, there is no recommendations and only very limited evidence regarding MRI in patients treated with temporary external pacemakers. Such patients thus may be denied the opportunity for well-indicated MRI. Purpose To describe safety and feasibility of MRI in patients with temporary external pacemakers. Method We reviewed patient records of all patients treated with temporary external pacing between 2016 and 2020 at a tertiary centre. Temporary pacing was established using a transvenous standard active fixation pacing lead inserted percutaneously and connected to a MRI-conditional pacemaker taped to the skin. Information on baseline characteristics, indication, days of hospital and pacemaker function before and after MRI was gathered. Before MRI, devices were programmed according to guidelines for permanent pacemakers and the device was fixated to avoid movement due to the magnetic field of the MRI system. Patients were monitored during MRI. Values are reported as N (%), and continuous variables are presented as median (interquartile range [IQR]) or mean ± SD. Results A total of 827 patients received a temporary pacemaker. MRI was performed in 44 (5%) patients. Mean age was 71 ­± 13 years and 13 (30%) were females. Indication for temporary device were atrioventricular block (20 [45%]), aborted cardiac arrest (9 [21%]), infective endocarditis (9 [21%]), and other (6 [14%]). MRI was performed to rule out or confirm structural heart disease (16 [36%]), cerebral disease (9 [20%]), spondylodiscitis (7 [16%]), or other (12 [27%]), which was not able to do with other imaging modalities. Cardiac MRI was performed in 22 (50%) patients, while MRI of cerebrum, spine, abdomen, and lower extremities were performed in the remaining patients. Median (IQR) time from implantation of the temporary device to MRI was 6 (3–11) days. During MRI, we observed no device-related malfunction or arrhythmia. Nor did we detect any change in lead sensing, impedance, or pacing threshold. A final diagnosis was confirmed in 27 (61%) patients after MRI. However, MRI provided information to guide the clinical management in all cases without artifacts compromising the diagnostic image quality. Instead of a dual chamber pacemaker, 7 (22%) patients had implanted a cardiac resynchronization therapy and/or implantable cardioverter defibrillator due to the MRI diagnosis. A permanent pacemaker was implanted in 32 (73%) patients within median (IQR) 12 (7–23) days after temporary pacing was established. Conclusion MRI is feasible and safe in patients with temporary external pacing established with a regular MRI-conditional device and a standard active fixation lead. The MRI was helpful in determining type of permanent device.

Cultural stratification in the UK: Persistent gender and class differences in cultural voraciousness

This paper adds to the literature on cultural stratification by revisiting cultural voraciousness, nearly two decades after it was first introduced as a measure of cultural participation designed to capture inequalities in the pace and variety of cultural activities. Specifically, using the UK 2014–15 Time Use Survey, we compare measures of cultural voraciousness in the UK in 1998 and 2015, focussing in particular on the way cultural voraciousness is associated with both gender and class. We find continuity over time in the patterns of relationship between cultural voraciousness, gender and class, which are not explained by income or hours worked. While women at the bottom of the class scale are still the most disadvantaged in terms of unequal access to cultural participation, high level managerial women now equal equivalent men in their voracious cultural participation. We conclude that not only is cultural voraciousness still useful in depicting cultural inequalities delineated by gender and class, and not only do gender and class gaps in cultural voraciousness persist over time, but also that there is evidence for accentuated class inequality over time in cultural voraciousness among men and among women.

Reconciling cities with nature: Identifying local Blue-Green Infrastructure interventions for regional biodiversity enhancement

Increasing urbanization degrades quantity, quality, and the functionality of spatial cohesion of natural areas essential to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning worldwide. The uncontrolled pace of building activity and the erosion of blue (i.e., aquatic) and green (i.e., terrestrial) landscape elements threaten existing habitat ranges and movability of wildlife. Local scale measures, such as nature-inspired engineered Blue-Green Infrastructure (BGI) are emerging mitigation solutions. Originally planned to promote sustainable stormwater management, adaptation to climate change and improved human livability in cities, such instruments offer interesting synergies for biodiversity in support of existing ecological infrastructure. BGI are especially appealing for globally declining amphibians, a rich and diverse vertebrate assemblage sensitive to urbanization. We integrated biological and highly resolved urban-rural land-cover data, ensemble models of habitat suitability, and connectivity models based on circuit theory to improve multi-scale and multi-species protection of core habitats and ecological corridors in the Swiss lowlands. Considering a broad spectrum of amphibian biodiversity, we identified distributions of amphibian biodiversity hotspots and four landscape elements essential to amphibian movability at the regional scale, namely i) forest edges, ii) wet-forest habitats, iii) soils with variable moisture and iv) riparian zones. Our work shows that cities can make a substantial contribution (e.g., up to 15% of urban space in the study area) to wider landscape habitat connectivity. We highlight the importance of planning BGI locally in strategic locations across urban and peri-urban areas to promote the permeability and availability of ‘stepping stone’ habitats in densely populated landscapes, essential to the maintenance of regional habitat connectivity and thereby enhancing biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.

P176 Meeting the demands of employment: the impact and rehabilitation of chronic pain and fatigue in the UK armed forces

Background/AimsThe growing prevalence of chronic pain and the recent influx of post-viral fatigue (due to COVID-19) will limit the working output of the UK population. As such presentations become more common, the ability of the working population to meet the demands of their employment will depend on the effective management of chronic pain and fatigue.We investigated the working ability and outcomes of UK military personnel two years after rehabilitation for persistent pain or fatigue.MethodsWe collected the health data of 35 personnel presenting with primary persistent pain, fibromyalgia, or persistent fatigue during admission to the 2-week Specialist Rehabilitation Course at DMRC between November 2018 to December 2019. Participants scored their current ability to work and the work-related impact of their symptoms by completing a follow-up survey. This group also evaluated the efficacy of 14 evidence-based rehabilitation tools provided during their rehabilitation programme based on how they improved their ability to work.Results88.2% of attendees had a history of mental health issues, whilst 82.4% had other medical comorbidities. Royal Air Force (RAF) personnel predominantly presented with fatigue rather than pain; this subgroup left the armed forces two years earlier than the service average. 62.9% of attendees responded to our survey. 63.6% of respondents no longer served in the military two years after their initial admission to the rehabilitation course. All current military personnel reported either “good” or “very good” symptom management and as a cohort reported better work outcomes than those who had left the military. Respondents reported mindfulness, activity pacing and education about symptoms as the most effective strategies for improving work capability. Those who found these strategies most useful had the best outcomes. 7 of the 8 retained military personnel found at least two of these strategies useful for improving their work ability compared to 4 of the 14 military leavers.ConclusionPoor working ability due to persistent pain or fatigue was not compatible with sustained military employment. Yet, the tools provided at DMRC improved the ability to work for those remaining in the military. Military personnel with persistent pain and fatigue benefitted most from mindfulness, activity pacing and education. Response to these specific strategies corresponded with both continued military service and better work capabilities. These findings are consistent with the recent literature regarding the efficacy of these rehabilitation strategies for persistent pain and fatigue. The occupational outcomes of military personnel in this study may be comparable to that of civilian populations; specifically sectors with similar demands or mental health risks as the armed forces.Disclosure E. Chisala: None. S. Bahadur: None.

Psychological Ways of Developing Pupils’ Attention at Primary School

The purpose of the empirical research is: to study the individual characteristics of stability and concentration of random attention of pupils from primary school of the 1st and the 2d forms, the specifics of its development depending on the organization of training at English lessons, especially in the dynamics during the school year. Methods of the research. The following theoretical methods of the research were used to solve the tasks formulated in the article: a categorical method, structural and functional methods, the methods of the analysis, systematization, modeling, generalization. The methods of observation, interview and conducting an ascertaining research are used as experimental methods. The participants of our research were 140 pupils from primary school of the 1st and the 2d forms of Kyiv schools (Ukraine). The experiment lasted during 2020-2021 years. In the experiment we used experimental methods “Search for numbers”, “Study of concentration”, “Study of attention span”, “Study of stability of attention”, “Proofreading (Bourdon test)”, “Schulte tables”, the method of “Assessment of switching attention”, Schulte-Gorbov’s method “Red and Black Table”, K.K. Platonov’s method “Arab-Roman tables”. The results of the research. The significant individual differences in the stability of attention are confirmed to be ones which are conditioned by the peculiarities of the structure of attention. Experimental data obtained by us suggest that there is a relationship between the stability of voluntary attention with individual psychological characteristics of pupils from junior school (their attitude to learning, the interest to certain subjects, emotional and volitional qualities, temperament, mental states). It was proved that the appraisal can also have a negative impact on the effectiveness of voluntary attention. The experimental study of the stability of attention on the material of the English language shows that insufficient awareness of social and, sometimes personal significance of learning, uncertainty in their knowledge of Grammar, poor spelling skills, ignorance and non-compliance with a certain system of mental actions were the reasons for reducing the stability of the attention of children of primary school when writing a dictionary dictation with comments in terms of evaluating their activities. Also our researches show that in primary school age the range of individual differences in the deve¬ lopment of volume, switching and stability of attention is significantly expanded, and in relations to the distribution of attention, on the contrary, it is slight. Conclusions. It is proved that the primary school age is a period of formation of various types of educational activity, mental activity of children, to master them pupils have to be well prepared. It has been experimentally proved that a high level of the development of attention characteristics has a positive effect on learning success. We have found that there is a direct relationship between the level of the development of voluntary attention, the performance and individual motor pace of pupils. The results of experiments showed that children with a high level of attention development had success in all subjects. This success directly depended on the individual pace of psychomotor activity. The more higher the pace is, the better the children learn with well-developed attention span. Pupils with a low level of attention development have individual motor pace which is not directly related to their success. According to our research, under conditions of relatively there is low individual motor pace and low level of attention development. Constant attention training can somewhat stabilize the individual pace. In turn, a high level of the development of attention is a condition for the transformation of individual motor pace into a source of increasing learning success. So, we concluded that there was also a clear link between success of pupils from primary school and indicators of stability of attention. We’ll say that the indicators of volatile attention, which we have allocated in our experiments, can predict the success of children in six months.

Analisis Kesehatan Koperasi Simpan Pinjam Pembiayaan Syariah Surya Utama Nusantara Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Tahun 2020

This research is based on the background of the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 which has a negative impact on all aspects of life including the economy so that Indonesia's economic growth has contracted. The slow pace of economic growth affects the pace of economic activity, such as banking, cooperatives, both sharia and conventional. The financial institution that has experienced a decline in profitability is the KSPPS Surya Utama Nusantara. So in this study, the problem formulation and the research objective is to find out how the Health of the Surya Utama Nusantara Syariah Financing Savings and Loan Cooperative during the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020. The research method used in this research is quantitative descriptive using primary data and secondary data. . Primary data is obtained by collecting data through interviews and observations, while secondary data comes from the financial statements of KSPPS Surya Utama Nusantara. Measurement of the level of health of cooperatives according to the Regulation of the Deputy for Supervision of the Ministry of Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises Number: 06 / Per / Dep.6 / IV / 2016 can be carried out on 7 aspects, namely: 1) Capital Aspects. 2) Earning Asset Quality Aspects. 3) Management Aspects. 4) Efficiency Aspects. 5) Liquidity Aspects. 6) Aspects of Independence and Growth. 7) Aspects of cooperative identity.

Minimal and robust clinically important difference of three fatigue measures in chronic stroke survivors

ABSTRACT Background Fatigue assessment scale (FAS), fatigue subscale of the Profile of Mood States (POMS-F), and vitality subscale of the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36-VT) are among the first and most widely used adapted tools for assessing post-stroke fatigue. Objective To identify the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and robust clinically important difference (RCID) of FAS, POMS-F, and SF-36-VT in stroke survivors. Methods Participants completed the FAS, POMS-F, and SF-36-VT before and after receiving 6-week intervention including graded activity training and pacing therapy. MCID was calculated using the distribution-based and anchor-based methods. Further, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of calculated values using the distribution-based method were used for determining RCID. Result A total of 124 stroke survivors participated in this study. MCID for FAS, POMS-F, and SF-36-VT was found to be 4.86, 3.32, and −10.10 (using score change) and 3.5, 2.5, and −10.5 (using ROC analysis), respectively. Using the distribution-based method, the MCID value obtained for the FAS was in the range of 3.16 to 8.76, for the POMS-F was in the range of 1.49 to 5.63, and for the SF-36-VT was in the range of −15.43 to −5.58. ½SD for FAS, ½ SD and 1.96 SEM for POMS-F, and 1.96 SEM and SD for SF-36-VT showed the best discriminative ability to use as the RCID. Conclusions The MCID and RCID were calculated for FAS, POMS-F, and SF-36-VT using different methods. The results can be used by researchers and clinicians for interpreting their findings in subjects similar to those who participated in this study.

Mentoring and career building in the event industry

The article is devoted to the study of the phenomenon of mentoring in the event industry. The industry is developing at an active pace and does not stand still. Continuous training and updating of competencies is required not only for novice specialists, but also for established and experienced event managers. The methodological basis of the research includes the theoretical provisions of event management, as well as models and tools that take into account the specifics of mentoring in the event business. The goal is to study the theoretical foundations of the mentoring phenomenon, as well as to identify factors that influence the construction and development of a mentoring system in the event industry. Material and methods. The research materials were articles, books by foreign and domestic scientists in the field of research of mentoring activities in the event sphere. In the course of the research, universal methods of cognition were used: systemic, dialectical, structural and functional, analysis and synthesis.The empirical base of the study was formed using the survey data. This article will be of interest to researchers in the field of event management, stakeholders of the event industry and students studying in this field of training. The novelty of the research is due to the fact that the topic of mentoring in the event industry is a fairly new and relevant topic for research. Currently, mentoring is not just working with employees and recommending books for reading — it is a full—fledged process for transferring accumulated experience, knowledge and modern competencies. The results of the study can serve as a basis for the formation of corporate mentoring programs in event agencies, which will contribute to the disclosure of the personal, creative, professional potential of each employee. This article will be of interest to researchers in the field of event management, stakeholders of the event industry and students studying in this field of training.

A Natural History of Disease Framework for Improving the Prevention, Management, and Research on Post-viral Fatigue Syndrome and Other Forms of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.

We propose a framework for the treatment, rehabilitation, and research into Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) using a natural history of disease approach to outline the distinct disease stages, with an emphasis on cases following infection to provide insights into prevention. Moving away from the method of subtyping patients based on the various phenotypic presentations and instead reframing along the lines of disease progression could help with defining the distinct stages of disease, each of which would benefit from large prospective cohort studies to accurately describe the pathological mechanisms taking place therein. With a better understanding of these mechanisms, management and research can be tailored specifically for each disease stage. Pre-disease and early disease stages call for management strategies that may decrease the risk of long-term morbidity, by focusing on avoidance of further insults, adequate rest to enable recovery, and pacing of activities. Later disease stages require a more holistic and tailored management approach, with treatment—as this becomes available—targeting the alleviation of symptoms and multi-systemic dysfunction. More stringent and standardised use of case definitions in research is critical to improve generalisability of results and to create the strong evidence-based policies for management that are currently lacking in ME/CFS.

Collaborative consumption as a socio-economic model

The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of a new socio-economic model — the economy of collaborative consumption, which has become globally widespread due to the digital transformation of business and the active integration of information and communication technologies into daily life of a person. The interest in the issues of collaborative consumption is due to the rapid development of digital services for the exchange of goods, the growth in the number of participants and economic sectors involved in the economy of collaborative consumption. The methodological approach of this study includes a systematic review of foreign and Russian literature on collaborative consumption with an emphasis on empirical data. A case study of foreign practices of joint consumption in rural areas has been implemented. Such issues as the essence and basis of the economy of collaborative consumption, as well as the conditions for its development, become central in the present research. The approaches of Russian and foreign authors to the definition of the economy of collaborative consumption are revealed. An attempt to systematize the conceptual apparatus of the collaborative consumption model allows us to identify its main characteristics: peer-topeer interaction, temporary access to underutilized assets, mediation of economic agents through online platforms. The article analyzes the influence of socio-technical, economic and personal factors that stimulate or hinder the development of the economy of collaborative consumption in Russia. The high rate of Internet penetration and the development of technology have become key factors for the development of the economy of collaborative consumption. Personal factors reflect the specifics of the country and indicate the main reasons that prevent the inclusion of Russians as participants in collaborative consumption. A review of empirical data allowed us to conclude that the socio-economic model of collaborative consumption is developing at an active pace in Russia. The sharing economy has shown positive growth rates in the total volume of transactions in two years. The leading segments are C2C sales, P2P services and carsharing. As a result, empirical evidence has been found, based on the analysis of foreign cases, on the role of the sharing economy for innovative rural development. The application of the logic of a joint economy in the unique conditions of rural development can develop rural tourism and help overcome the financial constraints faced by farmers when accessing expensive agricultural equipment.

Ecological and Coevolutionary Dynamics in Modern Markets Yield Nonstationarity in Market Efficiencies

The U.S. stock market is one of the largest and most complex marketplaces in the global financial system. Over the past several decades, this market has evolved at multiple structural and temporal scales. New exchanges became active, and others stopped trading, regulations have been introduced and adapted, and technological innovations have pushed the pace of trading activity to blistering speeds. These developments have supported the growth of a rich machine‐trading ecology that leads to qualitative differences in trading behavior at human and machine time scales. We conduct a longitudinal analysis of comprehensive market data to quantify nonstationary dynamics throughout this system. We quantify the relationship between fluctuations in the number of active trading venues and realized opportunity costs experienced by market participants. We find that information asymmetries, in the form of quote dislocations, predict market‐wide volatility indicators. Lastly, we uncover multiple micro‐to‐macro level pathways, including those exhibiting evidence of self‐organized criticality.

Analytical assessment of efficiency parameters of investment processes in the national economy of the region

The stability and efficiency of economic processes in modern Russia should be based on active support and development of the investment direction in the development, technical and technological renewal and digital transformation of all spheres of activity. The transition from a raw material orientation of production to a high-precision one should change the structure of GDP and NI, increase the share of foreign exchange earnings from the sale of high-tech equipment. Considering the budgetary type of the country’s financial system, the state must participate actively in the investment process. The pace and scale of investment activity in recent years have been negatively impacted by economic crises, sanctions from the EU and the United States, the COVID-19 pandemic, drawing off significant financial resources for social support of the population and the fight against the pandemic. An analysis of the investment situation in the country and regions indicates structural shifts in sources of financing and lending for investments, as well as some attenuation and decrease in the efficiency of investment activities. It is proposed to assess the efficiency of investment costs using the coefficient (indicator) of the return on investment (Ii), which is determined by the ratio of the growth of the gross regional product (GRP) for a certain period to indicators of the growth in the value of fixed assets (F) and the size of investments in fixed assets (C).

Approaches and Growing Impacts of Problem-Based Learning in Teaching and Learning at Jigme Namgyel Engineering College

Academic enhancement through meaningful teaching and learning approaches is vital in any educational institution. Achieving the aspiration for innovative approaches and pedagogy in teaching and learning needs continuity and variation depending on its learning environment, diverse learners and other relevant factors. This study focused on the ‘Strengthening Problem-Based learning in South Asian Universities (PBL South Asia)’ project which is co-financed by European Union. It is qualitative research that made use of published records from institution and government reports, media, and website along with relevant literature as the based-reference resources. More so, Jigme Namgyel Engineering College (JNEC) as one of the beneficiary partners of this project has its own pace of activities that were developed and materialized. The commitment and progress of the PBL South Asia project at JNEC was recorded in this study. It shows a significant progress on materializing ‘Capacity Building in Higher Education’ in realizing the vision of the college to be one of the recognized institutions of applied engineering, technology and management in the region.

Application of Solutions of Uncorrected Tasksʼ Theory for Managing of Production Processesʼ Robustness

The industrial revolution of “Industry 4.0” is currently underway at an active pace. Individualization of provided products and services, transition to single production, the issues of acceptability of production processes at the stage of development and design have became urgent. The aim of this work was to develop a strategy for a fundamental solution to the task of guaranteed acceptability of production processes as an integral quality characteristic.We have proposed a systematic approach to strategy development. The basis of the approach was the theory of incorrect tasks solving. We adapted signs of correctness of mathematical tasks by J. Adamar to the tasks of ensuring acceptability of production processes (technological and measurement). They were used in the part of identification of properties of display of incorrectness and ways of incorrectnessʼ management.We have proposed to consider the property of robustness as a generalized index of acceptability for production processes (technological and measurement). We substantiate the equivalence of the concepts of incorrectness of tasks according to J. Adamar and losses of robustness of production processes. We conclude that the developed approaches and techniques of the theory of incorrect tasks can be put in a basis of the system approach to an estimation and management of losses of robustness of production processes. We have proposed a classification of situations of robustness losses in production processes in accordance with the classification of the signs of incorrect tasks by J. Adamar.We have developed a two-step algorithm for ensuring the robustness of production processes at the stage of their development. It included identification of the sources of robustness losses and management of input factors that cause significant variation in process output. This has given a practical implementation of a strategy to guarantee the acceptability of production processes. We have systematized the sources of potential losses in the robustness of production processes and proposed a two-stage mechanism for managing them. We have justified rational methods of ensuring the robustness of production processes for each stage based on, the practice of uncorrected tasks solving. We have proposed a method for ensuring high efficiency of robustness loss management in certain situations. The principles of G. Taguchiʼs robust redesigning of production processes formed the basis of our method.