P1 Treatment Research Articles

Effect of nanocurcumin (Curcuma longa) on lung histopathology in rats exposed to carbon black

Background Exposure to carbon black can induce respiratory toxicity, leading to tissue remodeling, inflammation, and fibrosis. Curcumin, a compound from Curcuma longa, has been shown to exert protective effects on lung tissue by inhibiting cell proliferation and reducing alveolar epithelial thickening and inflammatory responses. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nanocurcumin administration on alveolar septal thickness and fibrosis in the lungs of rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to carbon black. Methods Thirty female rats were divided into five groups: the negative control group (K-) received distilled water without carbon black exposure; the positive control group (K+) received distilled water and was exposed to carbon black at a dose of 1064 mg/m³ for 6 hours; and treatment groups P1, P2, and P3 received nanocurcumin at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight, respectively, along with carbon black exposure at a dose of 1064 mg/m³ for 6 hours/day over 30 days. Results Alveolar septal thickness and fibrosis in the P1, P2, and P3 groups showed significant reductions (P<0.05) compared to the K+ group. Notably, groups P2 and P3 exhibited similar alveolar septal thickness to the K- group, with statistically lower (P<0.05) fibrosis levels than P1 but not significantly different from K- (P>0.05). Conclusion Nanocurcumin administration demonstrates potential in mitigating alveolar septal thickening and fibrosis in rat lungs subjected to carbon black exposure, suggesting a protective role against pulmonary damage from particulate matter.

The effect of fermentation water spinach (ipomoea aquatica forsk.) Flour on performance super native chicken grower phase

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of water spinach fermentation (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.) on the performance and Income Over Feed Cost (IOFC) of super native chickens in at grower phase. The material used water spinach flour which was fermented anaerobically for 14 days then mixed in the diets. The research treatment used super free-range chicken aged 4-8 weeks, EM4, and granulated sugar. The rations consisted of ground corn, fine bran, palm kernel cake, tofu dregs, fish meal, minerals and fermented water spinach flour. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 6 replications, each replication containing 4 free-range chickens in the grower phase of 4 weeks old. P0 (basal diet without fermented water spinach flour). P1 (basal diet with 3% fermented water spinach flour), P2 (basal diet with 6% fermented water spinach flour), P3 (basal diet with 9% fermented water spinach flour). Parameters observed included ration consumption (g), body weight gain (g), ration conversion, final body weight (g), Income Over Feed Cost (IOFC), and mortality. The results of the analysis showed that the provision of fermented water spinach flour was not significantly different from ration consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion ration, and final body weight. The use of fermented water spinach flour up to 9% in the growt of super native chickens being quite good due to the increasing by feed intake, body weight gain, final final weight, and low feed conversi ration. The best level of using fermented water spinach flour on the Income Over Feed Cost (IOFC) of super native chickens in the grower phase is in the P2 treatment, which 6% could be provides greater benefits than other treatments. Percentage mortality was low. Key words : Super chicken grower phase, fermented water, spinach flour

Pengaruh Lama Penyimpanan Pengencer Tris Kuning Telur Terhadap Motilitas Spermatozoa Sapi Simental di BIB Banyumulek Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat

Tris yolk is a diluent that can be used to maintain and protect spermatozoa during storage so that they can be used in the process of artificial insemination. The length of storage greatly affects the motility and viability of spermatozoa in semen. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of long storage of egg yolk tris diluent on the motility and viability of simental bovine spermatozoa. This research was carried out at the Banyumulek Artificial Insemination Center Laboratory, West Nusa Tenggara Province, from July to Desember 2024. The study of the effect of long storage of egg yolk tris diluent on the motility and viability of simental bovine spermatozoa used a randomized experimental method complete with four treatments and six repeats. Each treatment, namely P1, P2, P3, and P4, was carried out by mixing 0.075 ml of semen and 0.3 ml of egg yolk tris diluent stored for 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours. The data obtained were processed by variety analysis method (ANOVA) and Duncan's further test. The results showed that P1 treatment with a storage period of 24 hours resulted in the highest average motility and viability values of 63.33 ± 6.055 % for motility and 63.50 ± 6.892 % for spermatozoa viability. P4 treatment with a storage period of 96 hours still showed a good mean value with motility values of 40.83 ± 7.360 % and spermatozoa viability of 53.50 ± 12.112 %. Thus, egg yolk tris is suitable for use as a semen thinner for artificial insemination because it is able to maintain the motility and viability of spermatozoa even for a long time of 96 hours.

The Addition of Telang Flower (Clitoria ternatea) in Tempeh with Different Fermentation Time

Tempeh is an important part of Indonesia's culinary culture. Tempeh is a food that contains a high source of vegetable protein. So far, the tempeh on the market is tempeh without any mixture of ingredients. The addition of telang flowers which have been beneficial for health is one of the innovations because telang flowers contain anthocyanins, flavonoids, phenolic acids which have an effect on the human body so that it is hoped that this research will be able to produce innovations and added value from telang flowers. One of them is the innovation of telang flower tempeh products. The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of making tempeh with the addition of natural coloring from telang flowers with different fermentation times based on the test of water content, ash content, and the level of panelist preference based on the hedonic test, for tempeh formulations with a combination of telang flowers. This research was conducted with the method of Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 1 treatment factor, namely different fermentation times (P1) 24 hours (P2) 48 hours and (P3) 72 hours with repetition of parameters testing water content, ash content, hedonic test. The results showed that in making tempeh with the addition of telang flowers, the highest water content was P2 treatment (61.54%) and there was the lowest value of P1 (60.51%). The results of the highest tempeh ash content are treatment (P1) 2.7%, the lowest value is (P3) 1.11%. In the hedonic test of telang flower tempeh, the color test had the highest value (P3) 3.43 (like) the lowest value (P2) 3.27 (like).In the texture hedonic test there was the highest value (P2) 3.40 (like) the lowest value (P1) 3.13 (like) And in the aroma hedonic test there was the highest value (P3) 3.25 (like) the lowest value (P1) 3.08 (like).

PI(4,5)P2 alleviates colitis by inhibiting intestinal epithelial cell pyroptosis through NNMT-mediated RBP4 m6A modification

Lipid metabolism disorder is a critical feature of Crohn’s disease (CD). Phosphatidylinositol (PI) and its derivative, phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2), are associated with CD. The mechanisms underlying such association remain unknown. In this study, we explored the role played by the major PI derivative, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], in CD pathogenesis. The relationship between CD activity and PI or PIP2 was analyzed via lipidomics. The mucosal expression of PI(4,5)P2 in patients with CD was measured using immunofluorescence. The function and mechanism of PI(4,5)P2 were examined in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced Caco-2 cell models, along with MeRIP and mRNA sequencing. The results suggested lipid PI and PIP2 were substantially negatively associated with disease activity and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. PI(4,5)P2 was substantially downregulated in the inflamed mucosa of patients with CD. PI(4,5)P2 alleviated mouse colitis, with improvements in survival rate, colon length, weight, and disease activity index. PI(4,5)P2 also alleviated DSS-induced tissue damage, tight junction loss, and intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) pyroptosis. In the in vitro LPS-induced cell model, PI(4,5)P2 inhibited pyroptosis, as well as NLRP3, and caspase-1 expression, in addition to reducing interleukin (IL)-18, IL-1β, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) secretion. PI(4,5)P2 mediated NNMT upregulation in mice and Caco-2 cells and suppressed pyroptosis in IECs. NNMT knockdown restricted the inhibitory effect of PI(4,5)P2 on IEC pyroptosis. NNMT inhibited the stability of RBP4 mRNA via m6A modification, thereby preventing pyroptosis following PI(4,5)P2 treatment. Significant correlations were also observed between PI(4,5)P2 and NNMT, NNMT and RBP4, and RBP4 and GSDMD expression in the intestinal tissues from patients with CD. Our results indicated that PI(4,5)P2 ameliorates colitis by inhibiting IEC pyroptosis via NNMT-mediated RBP4 m6A modification. Thus, PI(4,5)P2 shows potential as a therapeutic target in CD.

Modification Of Starch Using Cross-Linking Method On The Physical And Chemical Properties Of Yam (Dioscorea alata)

Natural starch from the uwi (Dioscorea alata) plant is used extensively as a thickening, film-forming agent, and food ingredient in the food industry. Natural starch derived from a variety of plants often has certain characteristics that limit its use in certain culinary items. Modifying starch is one way to enhance its physical and chemical qualities, among other approaches. Adding STPP was the chemical alteration procedure used in this investigation. Sodium tripolyphosphate, or STPP, is a preservative and texture enhancer that is often used in food. By raising the gelatinization temperature, strengthening chemical bonds, avoiding retrogradation, and making the starch resistant to low pH and stirring operations, this replacement aims to increase the starch's durability. The study was placed at Muhammadiyah University of North Sumatra's Faculty of Agriculture's Agricultural Product Technology Laboratory. The research was conducted using a two-replicat Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Consideration of STPP, abbreviated as S, is the first component. There are four possible values ​​for S: 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%. Second, there are four degrees of stirring time, represented as (P): 35 minutes, 45 minutes, 55 minutes, and 65 minutes. Protein, frozen liquid, color (L, a, b*), and water absorption capability were among the metrics that were noted. Protein and color values ​​(L*, a*, b*) were found to increase with the addition of sodium tripolyphosphate in all treatments, but water absorption capacity and frozen liquid stability were found to decrease. While color metrics (a*, b*) rose across all treatments, protein, water absorption capacity, frozen liquid stability, and color (L*) all decreased as a result of stirring time. The findings show that each treatment was affected by the percentage of sodium tripolyphosphate and the amount of time it took to stir. The S1 treatment, which included 2% STPP, and the P2 treatment, which had 45 minutes of stirring, yielded the best outcomes. This study suggests that more STPPs be included in future studies to see whether better outcomes are possible.

Rekayasa Perubahan Warna Melalui Penambahan Tepung Spirulina platensis Pada Pakan Terhadap Intensitas Warna dan Pertumbuhan Ikan Cupang (Betta Splendens)

Betta fish is a freshwater ornamental fish with a unique body shape and the brightness of its color is one of the attractions among its fans. The increase in color intensity and growth in betta fish is greatly influenced by the nutrient content in the feed and genetics. Adding Spirulina platensis flour to feed is expected to increase feed nutrients such as beta carotene, which is known to increase the intensity of color and growth of betta fish. This study aims to prove whether adding Spirulina platensis flour to feed can increase the intensity of color and growth of betta fish. The experimental research used a Complete Random Design (RAL) with 4 treatments and 3 replicates, namely P0 (0%), P1 (3%), P2 (5%), P3 (7%) for 3 months. The parameters measured were color intensity and growth. Test F to determine the effect of treatment on parameters, if there is a real influence, the Duncan test is carried out The test fish in the study is a one-month-old, blue, and male betta fish seed. The results showed that the addition of Spirulina platensis flour to P1 treatment feed (3%) experienced the highest increase in color intensity (P<0.05) followed by P2 treatment (5%), then P3 treatment (7%) and finally P0 treatment (0%). The P1 treatment (3%) was shown to be optimal in increasing the intensity of the color of betta fish but was not followed by an increase in growth.

The effect of different salinity on egg hatchability and survival of tiger grouper larvae (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus)

This study aims to analyze the effect of different salinity on egg hatchability and survival of tiger grouper larvae (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus). The method used in this study was an experimental method with 4 treatments repeated 3 times. Each treatment was given a different salinity P1= 30 ppt, P2= 25 ppt, P3= 20 ppt, P4= 15 ppt. The results of giving different salinity treatments had a significant effect (P 0.05) on egg hatchability and survival of tiger grouper larvae. The results showed that the best salinity treatment for egg hatchability and survival of tiger grouper larvae was in the P1 treatment (30 ppt) with values of 40.96 ± 0.24d, and 84.41 ± 0.89c. Thus, hatching of eggs and hatching of tiger grouper larvae should be done at a salinity of 30 ppt.Keywords: Egg Hatch Rate; Salinity; Survival; Tiger Grouper

PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN BUBUK DAUN ALPUKAT (Persea americana Mill) TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK PUDING

Pudding is a dessert made from food ingredients consisting of jelly, milk, sugar and water which are prepared by boiling. Adding avocado leaf powder to making pudding to increase functional food diversity. This research aims to determine the effect of adding avocado leaf powder on the organoleptic characteristics of pudding and to increase the levels of flavonoids and crude fiber. Experimental type with Randomized Block Design (RAK), 5 treatments and 3 repetitions. Treatments P1, P2, P3, P4, P5 were given the addition of 1% , 1.5% , 2% , 2,5% , 3% avocado leaf powder. The results of organoleptic testing showed that the addition of different avocado leaf powder had a significant effect on color 2.96 – 3.97 (neutral – liked), aroma 3.14 – 4.11 (neutral – liked), taste 2.42 – 3, 98 (neutral - like), texture 3.39 – 4.04 (neutral – like), overall acceptability 2.83 – 3.94 (neutral – like), color quality 1.58 – 2.04 (pale green – green old) and texture quality 2.18 – 2.60 (rather dense – dense). The more addition of avocado leaves powder, the higher flavonoid and fiber level will increase. The addition of avocado leaf powder to treatment P2 (1.5%) was the best treatment seen from the average organoleptic value, namely organoleptic color with an average value of 3.76 (like), aroma 3.68 (like) and taste 3.57 (neutral), texture 3.90 (like), overall acceptance 3.52 (neutral), color quality 2.20 (light green), texture quality with an average value of 2.22 (slightly dense) and taste quality 2.31 (slightly sweet)., with a flavonoid content of 48.08 mg/ 100g and a crude fiber content of 3.37% bb.

Pengaruh Pemberian Kompos Eceng Gondok Dan Purun Tikus Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Produksi Tanaman Terong Ungu (Solanum Melongena L)

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and Purun tikus (Eleocharis dulcis) plants are commonly found in rice fields, especially in South Kalimantan, where they act as weeds in the main crop. However, these plants can be utilized as compost to enhance soil nutrients for crops. This study aims to evaluate the effect of compost derived from water hyacinth, Purun tikus, and their combination on the growth and yield of purple eggplant (Solanum melongena). The study uses a Randomized Block Design (RBD) method with four treatments, each repeated six times, resulting in 24 experimental plants as follows: P0 = no treatment (control), P1 = 900 g water hyacinth compost, P2 = 900 g Purun tikus compost, and P3 = a combination of 450 g water hyacinth compost and 450 g Purun tikus compost. The results indicated that, for plant height, treatment P3 yielded an average of 53.61 cm; for leaf count, treatment P3 produced an average of 45.66 leaves; for stem diameter, treatment P1 achieved an average of 9.90 mm; for fruit count, treatment P3 showed an average of 2.16 fruits; and for fresh fruit weight, the best result was achieved by treatment P3, with an average weight of 145.83 g.

Effectiveness of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia) Solution for Masculinization of Siamese Fighting Fish (Betta splendens) Through Larval Immersion Method

Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens) is one of the fisheries commodities in great demand because it has an attractive physique and relatively high economic value. The increasing market demand for male Betta means a method is needed to produce male offspring en masse. This research aimed to determine the effect of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) solution on the male sex ratio of Betta by immersion of larvae in different concentrations. This research used an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD), which included four treatments with three replications, namely control treatment, P2 treatment with a concentration of 1.5 ml/l, P3 treatment with a concentration of 3 ml/l, and P4 treatment with a concentration of 6 ml/l. The data obtained was analyzed using the ANOVA method. If the data analysis showed a significant effect, it was carried out using Duncan's advanced test. The research showed that the treatment applied had a real influence on the percentage of male Betta but did not significantly affect the survival rate. The highest sex percentage value for Betta was found in treatment P4 (6 ml/l), which was 77%.

An operational discontinuous Galerkin shallow water model for coastal flood assessment

Hydrodynamic modeling for coastal flooding risk assessment is a highly relevant topic. Many operational tools available for this purpose use numerical techniques and implementation paradigms that reach their limits when confronted with modern requirements in terms of resolution and performances. In this work, we present a novel operational tool for coastal hazards predictions, currently employed by the BRGM agency (the French Geological Survey) to carry out its flooding hazard exposure studies and coastal risk prevention plans on International and French territories. The model, called UHAINA (wave in the Basque language), is based on an arbitrary high-order discontinuous Galerkin discretization of the nonlinear shallow water equations with SSP Runge–Kutta time stepping on unstructured triangular grids. It is built upon the finite element library AeroSol, which provides a modern C++ software architecture and high scalability, making it suitable for HPC applications. The paper provides a detailed development of the mathematical and numerical framework of the model, focusing on two key-ingredients : (i) a pragmatic P0 treatment of the solution in partially dry cells which garantees efficiently well-balancedness, positivity and mass conservation at any polynomial order; (ii) an artificial viscosity method based on the physical dissipation of the system of equations providing nonlinear stability for non-smooth solutions. A set of numerical validations on accademic benchmarks is performed to highlight the efficiency of these approaches. Finally, UHAINA is applied on a real operational case of study, demonstrating very satisfactory results.

Probiotic Lactobacillus sp. as a Substitute for Growth Antibiotic (AGP): Its Effects on Production Performance and Contribution Margin Value in Broilers Infected with Escherichia coli

This study aimed to show that the probiotic Lactobacillus sp. could increase production performance (feed consumption, feed conversion, feed efficiency, body weight gain and body weight) and the contribution margin value in broiler chickens infected with Escherichia coli. This experimental study utilized a completely randomized design and involved 40 male broilers. The broilers were infected with Escherichia coli at the age of 21 days, and the study lasted for 35 days. The study consisted of 4 treatment groups, with 10 chickens in each group. The treatment groups were as follows: P0 (negative control; no feed additive; no E. coli infection), P1 (positive control; no feed additive; E. coli infection), P2 (AGP (zinc bacitracin) added at 1 g/kg mixed through commercial feed; no probiotic Lactobacillus sp.; E. coli infection), and P3 (commercial feed no AGP; probiotic Lactobacillus sp. added at 5 mL/L through drinking water; E. coli infection). The data were analysed via a general linear model (repeated measures) test of ANOVA followed by Duncan's multiple distance test. The results revealed significant differences (p<0,05) in production performance, including feed efficiency and final body weight. The highest contribution margin value shown by the P3 treatment group (administering probiotic Lactobacillus sp. in drinking water) was IDR 81,570, and the lowest value shown by the P2 treatment group (administering AGP to feed) was IDR 35,468. In conclusion, the addition of the probiotic Lactobacillus sp. at a concentration of 5 mL/L through drinking water improved production performance and increased the contribution margin value in broilers infected with E. coli.

Effect of Extraction Time on Chemical, Physical and Organoleptic Characteristics of South Asian Applesnail (Pila ampullacea) Protein Concentrate

This research aims to investigate the effect of protein extraction time using 90% ethanol on the protein concentrate product's physical, chemical, and organoleptic characteristics. The findings of this study could promote the use of protein concentrate developed from SAA. The study was conducted from April to June 2024, utilizing SAA collected from rice fields in the PALI (Penukal Abab Lematang Ilir) Regency, South Sumatra Province, Indonesia. A completely randomized design was employed, using different extraction times of proteins from SAA with 90% ethanol. Four extraction time levels were tested: 0 hours (P0 or control), 24 hours (P1), 28 hours (P2), and 32 hours (P3), each with three repetitions. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, followed by a post-hoc test employing Duncan's multiple range test, utilizing SPSS version 20.0. Results have shown that the optimal protein extraction time was P2 (28 hours), yielding a protein concentration of 51.6% on a dry basis. Additionally, protein profile analysis conducted via SDS-PAGE revealed the presence of histone proteins and an antibacterial protein derived from snail mucus in SAA. Treatment P2 exhibited five distinct protein bands with molecular weights of 17 kDa, 20 kDa, 25 kDa, 35 kDa, and over 48 kDa respectively. On the other hand, treatments P1 and P3 displayed only three protein bands that are 20 kDa, 35 kDa, and over 48 kDa. Results from the organoleptic analysis indicated that protein isolates with suitable attributes in terms of color and aroma were obtained from treatment P1 (24-hour extraction). This study has potential applications in the food industry.

The Effect of Durio Zibethinus L. Seed Extract on Fasting Blood Glucose and Insulin Resistance in Metabolic Syndrome Model Rats

Metabolic syndrome is known as insulin resistance syndrome, characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. Management of metabolic syndrome involves several combinations, including lifestyle modifications and pharmacological interventions. Durian seeds are one source of antioxidants that have the potential to improve blood glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. This study aims to analyze the effect of durian seed extract on changes in fasting blood glucose levels and insulin resistance. The extraction process utilized the maceration method with a 70% ethanol solution. This study consisted of 30 rats divided into six treatment groups: KN (normal group), K- (negative control), K+ (positive control metformin 9 mg/kgBW), P1, P2, and P3, which were given durian seed extract at doses of 100 mg/kgBW, 200 mg/kgBW, and 300 mg/kgBW, respectively. Metabolic syndrome rats were induced with a high-fat, high-fructose diet for 14 days, then induced with streptozocin (STZ) and nicotinamide (NA). Fasting blood glucose levels were determined using the GOD-PAP method. The HOMA-IR index was used to measure insulin resistance. The data results were evaluated using a paired T-test and one-way ANOVA. The analysis showed a significant variance in fasting blood glucose and HOMA-IR index following a 21-day treatment (p<0.05). The highest decrease was found in the 300 mg/kgBW dose group with fasting blood glucose and HOMA-IR index of 90.00 ± 2.70 mg/dl and 3.55 ± 0.11. The P2 and P3 treatments did not show different results with metformin treatment (p>0.05). The findings of this study suggest that consumption of durian seed extract for 21 days can effectively improve the condition of mice with metabolic syndrome. In addition, the drug metformin has the same effect as the intervention of durian seed extract doses of 200 and 300 mg/kgBW.

The Effect of Moringa Leaf Supplementation on Lemongrass Waste-Based Rations on Crude Fiber, Crude Fat, and Nitrogen-free Extract

This research was conducted to determine the effect of moringa leaf extract supplementation as a source of natural antioxidants in a complete ration based on fermented citronella oil distillation by-products on the content of crude fiber, crude fat, and nitrogen-free extract. This research used a Completely Randomized Design, five treatments, and three replications for each treatment. The treatments consisted of antioxidant supplementation with doses: of 0% (P0/control), 0.125% (P1), 0.25% (P2), 0.375% (P3), and 0.50% (P4). The variables measured included crude fiber, crude fat, and NFE content. The results of the study showed that the lowest average crude fiber content was in treatment P3 (25.43%), the lowest crude fat content was in P4 (1.88%), and the highest NFE content was in P4 (47.83%). Supplementation of moringa leaf antioxidants in fermented lemongrass waste-based rations with various doses (0%, 0.125%, 0.25%, 0.375%, 0.50%) showed no significant effect (P>0.05) on crude fiber, crude fat, and BETN content. The research concludes that supplementation of moringa leaf extract as a source of natural antioxidants showed no significant effect on crude fiber, crude fat, and NFE content

Effect of GR24 on the growth and development of licorice under low phosphorus stress.

Glycyrrhiza, a perennial herbaceous medicinal plant, is extensively utilized in the pharmaceutical industry. The growth of Glycyrrhiza is frequently constrained by soil phosphorus availability, as a significant portion of arable land in China suffers from phosphorus deficiency. This study utilized Ural Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch as the subject and examined the application of GR24, a synthetic strigolactone, under three phosphorus conditions: none (P1), low (P2), and high (P3). The research aimed to ascertain the optimal concentration of GR24 for promoting licorice growth and development, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for its agricultural management. The optimal GR24 concentration for P3 and P2 conditions was identified as G3 (10 µM), which enhanced growth metrics, chlorophyll a and b levels, while also boosting antioxidant enzyme activities in licorice. Specifically under P3, significant increases in liquiritigenin and glycyrrhizic acid levels were observed. Under P2, increases were noted in isoliquiritigenin, liquiritigenin, and liquiritin levels. Transcriptome analysis revealed differential gene, with 137 and 270 genes up-regulated and 77 and 294 genes down-regulated in the P3 and P2 treatments, respectively. GO functional enrichment identified 132 and 436 differentially expressed genes for P3 and P2 respectively, while KEGG pathways were predominantly enriched in plant-pathogen interactions and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Application of GR24 in P1 conditions did not significantly affect growth indices but did enhance glycyrrhetic acid, isoliquiritin, and liquiritin accumulation. Transcriptome profiling in this treatment identified 465 up-regulated and 1,109 down-regulated genes. GO annotation involved 1,108 differentially expressed genes, and KEGG analysis was primarily enriched in the plant-pathogen interaction pathway. Furthermore, transcription factor analysis revealed alterations in the C2H2, NAC, and MYB families, which are associated with phosphorus response.

Identifikasi Drug Related Problems Pada Pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronis Di Rumah Sakit Prof. dr. Chairuddin Panusunan Lubis Tahun 2023

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an abnormality of kidney structure or function, present for ≥ 3 months, with implications for health. The high number of medications used by CKD patients can increase the potential for Drug-Related Problems (DRPs) which can interfere with desired health outcomes. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of DRPs in chronic kidney disease patients admitted to Prof. dr. Chairuddin Panusunan Lubis Hospital in 2023. This study was a descriptive retrospective cross-sectional study conducted. Data were obtained from the medical records of CKD inpatients in 2023 (n=51). The sampling technique used was total sampling. The occurrence of DRPs was identified based on the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE) V9.1 classification, which includes problems categories (P1-P3) and causes (C1-C6). There were 28 females (54.90%) and 23 males (45.10%), with an average age of 46.8±11.5 years. The highest stage of CKD was stage 5 (78.43%). The most common comorbid condition was anemia (84.31%), with the most frequently used medication being antihypertensives in the Calcium Channel Blocker class (88.24%). Among the 51 medical records, 21 (41,17%) showed the occurrence of DRPs, consisting of 26 Problems (P) categorized under P1. Treatment effectiveness (46,15%) and P2. Treatment safety (53,85%), and 26 Causes (C) categorized under C1. Drug selection (57,69%) and C3. Dose selection (42,31%). Drug-Related Problems (DRPs) occurred in chronic kidney disease patients admitted to Prof. dr. Chairuddin Panusunan Lubis Hospital in 2023.

Effect of Giving Moringa Leaf Infusion (Moringa oleifera) in Triggering Puberty in Peranakan Etawa (PE) Goats

This study aims to determine the potential benefits of moringa leaf infusion on PE goats' puberty. The research method used a Randomised Group Design, with five treatments and four groups. The observed parameters were puberty or time of first estrus, estrus behaviour, estrus quality, onset, and duration. Analysis in this study used the One-Way ANOVA test followed by Duncan's test to determine the fundamental differences between treatments. The results of the analysis of variance showed that there is a significant effect between treatments (P <0.05) on puberty. Treatment P4 (20%) found the fastest puberty time fastest puberty time was found in treatment P4 (20%), which is at the age of PE goats at about 10.25 months, followed by treatment P3 (15%), which is at the age of PE goats at about 10.50 months. The most extended estrus duration was found in P3 and P4 treatments, 36.50 hours and 36.25 hours, respectively. This study concludes that moringa leaf infusion can significantly affect puberty or the onset of sexually mature symptoms. Giving 20% moringa leaf infusion is the maximum dose that can trigger the onset of puberty. These findings offer hope and optimism for the potential benefits of moringa leaf infusion in managing and developing PE goat farms.

Efektivitas Penambahan Molase dan Sari Tebu Sebagai Sumber Karbohidrat Terhadap Kelimpahan Plankton dan Performa Ikan Nila (Oreochromis nIloticus) Dalam Sistem Bioflok

The current concept of aquaculture technology development prioritizes zero waste discharge fish/shrimp production systems through an in situ biofiltration process to maintain water quality and recycle aquaculture waste into a highly nutritious supplementary feed source. This study aims to 1) Analyze the abundance, diversity, and dominance of plakton in tilapia rearing tanks of biofloc system with the addition of molasses and sugarcane juice as carbohydrate sources, 2) Analyzing the growth rate of tilapia specifications, weight growth, and length of tilapia (O.niloticus) in biofloc systems treated with the addition of molasses and sugarcane juice as a carbohydrate source. This study used the t-student test with a confidence level of 95%, with 2 treatments namely; P1 giving molasses; P2 giving sugarcane juice. The results showed that the addition of different carbohydrate sources in tilapia enlargement resulted in the highest tilapia weight growth in the P1 treatment with the addition of molasses has an average value of 32.97 g. P2 treatment with the addition of sugar cane juice has an average value of 24.55 g. In length growth has the highest average value in the P1 treatment given the addition of molasses which is 2.37 cm while for P2 with sugar cane juice treatment has a value of 2.27cm. The specific growth rate of tilapia was highest in the P2 treatment with an average value of 1.79% / day, while the P1 treatment had an average value of 1.51% / day. From the results of statistical analysis on weight growth and specific growth of tilapia significantly different but not significantly different from the growth of tilapia length. Plankton abundance in this study showed differences in each treatment, the results of observations from research for 30 days found data that the treatment of molasses has a plankton abundance value of 3780 individual plankton / l while for the treatment of sugar cane juice has a value of 2772 individual plankton / l. The conclusion of this study is the abundance of plankton in the fish tank. The conclusion of this study is that the abundance of plankton in the molasses pond treatment shows more diverse results and a higher abundance index compared to the sugar cane juice treatment, so the molasses-treated pond shows more fertile waters than the sugar cane juice treatment. Then for the growth of length and weight of tilapia given additional molasses showed better results than sugar cane juice, due to the addition of molasses can accelerate the growth of tilapia