Oxidative Stress Profile Research Articles

Upregulation of ACSL, ND75, Vha26 and sesB genes by antiepileptic drugs resulted in genotoxicity in drosophila.

Clobazam (CLB) and Vigabatrin (VGB) are commonly used antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in the treatment of epilepsy. Here, we have examined the genotoxic effect of these AEDs in Drosophila melanogaster. The Drosophila larvae were exposed to different concentrations of CLB and VGB containing food media. The assessment encompassed oxidative stress, DNA damage, protein levels, and gene expression profiles. In the CLB-treated group, a reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels was observed, alongside increased levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and nitric oxide (NO). Conversely, the VGB-treated group displayed contrasting results, with increased ROS and LPO and decreased SOD, CAT, and NO levels. However, both CLB and VGB induced DNA damage in Drosophila. Proteomic analysis (SDS-PAGE and OHRLCMS) in the CLB and VGB groups identified numerous proteins, including Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain, NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75kDa subunit, V-type proton ATPase subunit E, ADP/ATP carrier protein, malic enzyme, and DNA-binding protein modulo. These proteins were found to be associated with pathways like growth promotion, notch signaling, Wnt signaling, neuromuscular junction (NMJ) signaling, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, and other GABAergic mechanisms. Furthermore, mRNA levels of ACSL, ND75, Vha26, sesB, and Men genes were upregulated in both CLB and VGB-treated groups. These findings suggest that CLB and VGB could have the potential to induce genotoxicity and post-transcriptional modifications in humans, highlighting the importance of monitoring their effects when used as AEDs.

The Influence of Atorvastatin Treatment on Homocysteine Metabolism and Oxidative Stress in an Experimental Model of Diabetic Rats

Objective: In our experimental study, we evaluated the influence of treatment with atorvastatin on the antioxidant activity of intracellular and extracellular systems factors, homocysteine levels (Hcy), and lipid profiles in obese and diabetic rats. Method: Twenty-one male Wistar rats, aged 6 months, 450–550 g, were allocated into three groups. From the beginning of the study, the first group (G-I, control) received only standard food, while the second and third groups (G II—obese, G III—diabetic) were administered a high-fat diet (HFD) with 2% cholesterol. After 2 weeks of accommodation, the specimens in G-III were injected intraperitoneal (i.p.) streptozotocin (35 mg of body weight, pH 4.5), intervention followed by the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Following confirmation of diabetes onset, the specimens in G III were administered concomitantly with the HFD a daily gavage of atorvastatin 20 mg of body weight/day for 20 days. We measured, at the beginning and the end of the study, the Hcy levels, lipid profile, vitamin B12, B6, folic acid, and various parameters of oxidative stress (OS)—total antioxidant status (TAS), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Results: After treatment with atorvastatin, the lipid profile in G III significantly improved compared to the other two groups, but enzymatic markers of oxidative stress did not closely parallel this trend. However, after the treatment of statin, we observed an important reduction in Hcy values. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that treatment with atorvastatin can be used not only for its lipid-lowering properties and antioxidant effects but also to reduce Hcy concentration in this experimental model of diabetic rats. Moreover, atorvastatin therapy improves lipid profiles, reduces inflammation, suppresses oxidation, and decreases Hcy levels, potentially preventing major adverse cardiovascular events.

Evaluation of thiol/disulphide and oxidant-antioxidant status of dairy cows in periparturient and post-partum period.

Thiol/disulphide homeostasis (TDH) has a critical role in many cellular activities such as antioxidant protection. Alterations of oxidative stress in the transition period play an important role in development of some diseases and disorders in dairy cows. The purpose of this study is to assess the total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), total thiol, native thiol, disulphide and lipid profile in Simmental and Montofon dairy cows (aged 2-3) before and after calving. Blood samples were collected 233-280 days of pregnancy and the 30 days of post-partum. Serum total thiol, native thiol and disulphide levels were determined as well as TAS, TOS and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) levels were measured using colorimetric assays. Triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels were measured with an automatic analyser. Total thiol (p=0.038) and disulphide (p=0.015) levels were higher after calving compare to pregnancy in Montofon. TAS was found lower (p<0.001), and OSI was higher in both breeds (Montofon p=0.012, Simmental p=0.028) after calving than in pregnancy. When compared between pregnancy and after calving levels in the same breed, HDL was found to be higher after calving (p<0.001) and TG was lower after calving (p=0.020) in Montofon. PON (p=0.090), HDL (p<0.001) and cholesterol levels were found higher (p<0.001) and TG level was lower (p<0.001) after calving in Simmental. According to our results, we observed different responses between two breeds before and after calving. There are few studies about TDH in animal research, and this is the first study in the literature that evaluates the TDH along with oxidative stress and lipid profiles in dairy cows in the periparturient and post-partum period.

Effect of parenteral trace element supplementation on oxidative stress and transcriptomic profile of peripheral blood in peripartum dairy cows

Effect of parenteral trace element supplementation on oxidative stress and transcriptomic profile of peripheral blood in peripartum dairy cows

Alleviation of oxidized lipid-induced oxidative stress and hypertension by estrogen and selected antihyperlipidemic drugs in post-menopausal Wistar rats

Lipid peroxidation is implicated in the development of hypertension and coronary artery disease, and its deleterious impact is exacerbated by estrogen (ETD) depletion in post-menopausal women. We hypothesize that treatment with ETD and antihyperlipidemic drugs, either alone or in combination, can alleviate the development of cardiovascular disease. In this study, female Wistar rats were divided into 10 groups (n = 6): Group 1 (control) underwent a Sham operation and was fed standard rat chow, whereas the other nine groups were ovariectomized (OVX) and received a diet containing either thermoxidized palm oil (TPO) or thermoxidized soya oil (TSO) for 12 weeks. ETD at 0.2 mg/kg/day, atorvastatin (ATV) at 10 mg/kg/day, and a combination of ezetimibe (EZE) and ATV (EZE at 3 mg/kg/day + ATV at 10 mg/kg/day) were administered for 12 weeks in both TSO and TPO diet groups. Blood pressure and electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters were assessed, along with serum lipid profile, atherogenic indices, and markers of oxidative stress. Both TPO and TSO diets significantly altered blood pressure and ECG parameters in OVX rats. Treatment with ATV, EZE+ATV, and ETD significantly reduced blood pressure parameters compared to the OVX+TPO group. Antihyperlipidemic drugs significantly decreased heart rate, QT interval, QRS duration, and QT corrected (QTc), whereas ETD similarly shortened the QRS and QTc duration. ATV and ETD also reduced total cholesterol, triglycerides, and very low-density lipoprotein levels, while boosting high-density lipoprotein concentrations compared to untreated OVX+TSO rats. This study demonstrates that thermoxidized oil has a deleterious effect on OVX rats by altering blood pressure, ECG parameters, and atherogenic indices. Treatment with antihyperlipidemic drugs and ETD normalized blood pressure and ECG parameters, reversed hyperlipidemia, and restored antioxidant system balance.

Antimutagenic and anticoagulant therapeutic effects of Ag/Ag2O nanoparticles from Olea europaea leaf extract: mitigating metribuzin-induced hepato-and nephrotoxicity.

Silver nanoparticles (Ag/Ag₂O NPs) have garnered attention for their potent antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties, showing promise for therapeutic applications, particularly in mitigating chemical-induced toxicity. This study aimed to synthesize Ag/Ag₂O NPs using Olea europaea (olive) leaf extract as a green, eco-friendly reducing agent and evaluate their protective effects against metribuzin-induced toxicity in Wistar rats, focusing on oxidative stress, hematological parameters, and lipid profiles, with specific dose optimization. Ag/Ag₂O NPs were synthesized using Olea europaea leaf extract, and their properties were confirmed via XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDS, and UV-visible spectroscopy. Wistar rats exposed to metribuzin (110mg/kg/day) were treated with two doses of Ag/Ag₂O NPs (0.062mg/kg and 0.125mg/kg). Hematological and biochemical markers were assessed to evaluate the NPs' protective effects. Physicochemical characterization confirmed the successful formation of Ag/Ag₂O NPs loaded with phytochemicals, exhibiting crystallite sizes of 23nm and 19nm, a particle size of 25nm, and significant peaks in XRD, FTIR, and UV-Vis spectra indicating the formation of Ag/Ag₂O. Metribuzin exposure led to significant hematological disruptions (elevated WBC, reduced RBC and hemoglobin) and worsened lipid profiles (increased cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides). The lower NP dose (0.062mg/kg) improved WBC, RBC, hemoglobin, and platelet counts, normalized lipid levels, and positively influenced biochemical markers such as serum creatinine and uric acid. In contrast, the higher NP dose (0.125mg/kg) showed mixed results, with some improvements but an increase in triglycerides and continued elevation of ASAT and ALAT enzyme levels. Ag/Ag₂O NPs synthesized via green methods using olive leaf extract effectively mitigated metribuzin-induced toxicity, especially at lower doses, by improving oxidative stress markers and hematological and biochemical profiles. Dose optimization is crucial to maximize therapeutic benefits and minimize adverse effects, underscoring their potential in treating chemical-induced toxicity.

Nitric Oxide-Dependent Regulation of Oxygen-Related Processes in a Rat Model of Lead Neurotoxicity: Influence of the Hypoxia Resistance Factor

Background/Aims: Lead exposure is known to induce oxidative stress and neurotoxicity. Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in modulating oxidative stress, with L-arginine as a precursor of NO and Nω-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) as an inhibitor of NO synthase, an enzyme that catalyses the production of nitric oxide (NO) from L-arginine. Methods: This study investigated the differential effects of L-arginine and L-NNA on markers of oxidative stress and biochemical changes in brain tissue from rats with different levels of resistance to hypoxia exposed to lead nitrate. Rats with either low or high resistance to hypoxia were exposed to lead nitrate (oral 3.6 mg lead nitrate/kg b.w. per day for 30 days) and treated with L-arginine (600 mg/kg b.w., i.p., 30 min before and after exposure to lead nitrate) or L-NNA (35 mg/kg b.w., i.p., 30 min before and after exposure to lead nitrate). Brain tissue samples were analysed for lipid peroxidation, oxidative modification of proteins, and activity of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, and peroxidase, and total antioxidant status (TAS). We also examined the biomarkers of biochemical pathways involving the activity of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDH). In addition, the trend observed was supported by assessments of the acetylcholine levels and acetylcholinesterase activity (ACh-AChE system) in brain tissue. Results: In rats with low resistance to hypoxia, the L-arginine treatment significantly reduced lipid peroxidation and oxidative protein modification but increased antioxidant enzyme activity, suggesting a protective effect against lead-induced oxidative stress. Conversely, in rats with high resistance to hypoxia, L-NNA had a protective effect, reducing lead-induced oxidative damage and decreasing lipid peroxidation, whereas L-arginine exacerbated oxidative stress and impaired antioxidant defences. These findings were supported by corresponding changes in the acetylcholine-acetylcholinesterase system, reflecting the observed patterns of lead-induced oxidative stress and neurotoxicity. The study shows that L-arginine exerts a protective effect by reducing lead-induced oxidative damage via an improvement in TAS. Our study shows that lead nitrate exposure significantly increases ala-nine and aspartate aminotransferase activity in brain tissue, with L-arginine exacerbating and L-NNA reversing this effect. The lead nitrate exposure also affected the activities of SDH and KGDH, which are important for cellular energy production and hypoxia resistance, with L-arginine altering SDH activity depending on the level of resistance and L-NNA enhancing both SDH and KGDH activities. These trends were further validated by alterations in the ACh-AChE system, highlighting the differential role of NO-dependent mechanisms in modulating lead-induced neurotoxicity based on hypoxia resistance. Conclusion: These findings suggest potential targeted therapeutic strategies based on the oxidative stress profile and highlight the potential of nitric oxide system modulators in counteracting lead-induced biochemical alterations and the dynamics of the ACh-AChE system depending on the individual physiological reactivity of organisms.

Agmatine Improves Oxidative Stress Profiles in Rat Brain Tissues Induced by Sodium Azide

Introduction: The brain is highly susceptible to oxidative damage due to excessive oxygen tension, a high concentration of oxidizable substrates, and low antioxidant capacity. Consequently, oxidative stress is linked to several brain disorders and neurodegeneration. Sodium azide is a cytochrome oxidase inhibitor that promotes neurodegeneration by enhancing the release of excitotoxins and inducing oxidative stress through the peroxidation of membrane lipids. This process results in the release of intra-mitochondrial Ca+2 and H2O2 (ROS Dependent-Ca+2 release). Agmatine, a biogenic amine, is also referred to as a free radical scavenger, protecting the brain from membrane collapse, apoptosis, and mitochondrial swelling. Objective: This study was designed to identify the antioxidative effects of agmatine on sodium azide- induced oxidative stress in brain tissues. Methodology: Twenty-four male albino Wistar rats were allocated into two groups: a control group receiving water and a test group administered sodium azide (5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) for a duration of 14 days. Subsequently, the animals were further subdivided and treated for an additional two weeks with either water or agmatine (100 mg/kg). Behavioral assessments were performed onehour post-agmatine administration, and brain homogenates were prepared for biochemical analyses. Results: The agmatine-treated group exhibited a significant increase (P&lt;0.01) in both the number of entries and the time spent in the light box and the open arms of the light/dark transition box and elevated plus maze tests, respectively. Additionally, agmatine administration significantly enhanced (P&lt;0.01) the total number of squares crossed in the open field test. Biochemical assessments revealed that agmatine treatment significantly reduced (P&lt;0.01) the levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde. Moreover, it significantly increased (P&lt;0.01) the levels of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) and glutathione compared to the control group. Conclusion: The present study revealed that agmatine has substantial effects on oxidative and antioxidant enzyme levels in sodium azide-induced oxidative stress. Agmatine-treated rats exhibited decreased reactive oxygen species levels and improvements in behavioral impairments resulting from sodium azide administration.

The Interplay between Oxidative Stress and Fatty Acids Profile in Romanian Spotted Cows with Placental Retention

(1) Background: Retained fetal membranes (RFM) in cattle negatively impact reproduction, calving intervals, and health. This study examined OS markers and fatty acid profiles in Romanian Spotted cattle, comparing cows with normal parturition to those with RFM. Over 9 weeks, serum samples were collected from 22 cows (7 with RFM, 15 normal) at intervals before and after parturition. Placental tissues were also analyzed. The aim was to identify OS biomarkers that predict RFMs, track changes over time, and assess their impact on the placental fatty acid profile. (2) Methods: Samples were analyzed for superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Placental fatty acids were profiled using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. (3) Results: SOD and CAT activities increased in cows with retained fetal membranes (RFM) before parturition (SOD: p &lt; 0.001, RFM 404.601 ± 20.941 vs. NP 339.101 ± 44.911; CAT: p &lt; 0.01, RFM 121.132 ± 14.831 vs. NP 96.070 ± 2.397), indicating OS. However, significant decreases during labor suggested weakened antioxidant defenses. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) peaked during parturition in RFM cows (p &lt; 0.0001, 38.780 ± 3.727 vs. 11.150 ± 1.555), signaling heightened stress. Additionally, MDA levels increased before parturition (p &lt; 0.001, RFM 8.424 ± 1.894 vs. NP 3.807 ± 0.484), confirming lipid peroxidation. RFM cows also exhibited higher levels of saturated fatty acids and lower monounsaturated fatty acids, pointing to metabolic stress. (4) Conclusions: This study highlights the role of OS and fatty acid imbalances in RFMs, suggesting potential strategies to improve reproductive outcomes by managing OS.

The Effect of Monobenzone Cream on Oxidative Stress and Its Relationship With Serum Levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in Vitiligo Patients.

Monobenzyl ether hydroquinone (MEBHQ) is a cream that promotes the spread and evenness of skin patches in vitiligo. Our aim was to investigate the oxidative and inflammatory effects of this cream on vitiligo patients consuming MEBHQ. A case-control study was conducted with three groups of 30 people from the control group, vitiligo patients before and after treatment. The percentage of vitiligo spots was determined by a specialist doctor. The levels of biochemical factors, oxidative stress profile and inflammatory factors were measured by enzymatic, colorimetric and ELISA methods, respectively. Vitiligo patients showed a high level of inflammation and oxidative stress compared to healthy people. Although after 3 months of using MBEHQ cream, the percentage of skin spots in vitiligo patients increased from an average of 63%-91% and the skin color became almost uniform, but it still increased the level of oxidative stress and inflammation in these patients. Although the level of oxidative stress increased significantly in these patients, there was no significant increase in the level of malondialdehyde. The lack of significant differences in the levels of biochemical factors between healthy people and vitiligo patients before and after using the treatment shows the absence of side effects. The use of MBEHQ increased the size of skin spots and uneven skin color in vitiligo patients. Although MBEHQ did not show side effects such as diabetes, liver and kidney diseases, it increased the levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines, which needs further study.

Investigation of erythrocyte membrane lipid profile, oxidative stress and dna damage parameters in patients with chronic lymphoid leukemia

Purpose: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most seen type of leukemia in adults. There are few biomarkes that are used for better understanding how oxidative stress is involved in the pathophysiology of hematologic malignency.We aimed to oxidative stress, DNA damage and erythrocyte membrane lipid profile in CLL patients in this study. The study is included 38 CLL patients and 38 age-sex matched controls. Materials and method: Total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), oxidative stress index (OSI), DNA damage examination with Comet assay, serum 8-OHdG measurement and gas chromatographic analysis were performed between the case and control groups. Results: It was observed that TOS and OSI values were higher in the case group than in the control group (p=0.014 and p=0.022, respectively). DNA damage measured by Comet method was found to be increased in the case group (p0.05). Conclusion: It has been shown that CLL patients had higher oxidant capasity as consequence. Oxidative stress and DNA damage are increased in CLL patients in this study. It is early to evaulate on erythrocyte membrane lipid profile in CLL patients. However, the study can be ligthed the way future studies on the subject.

Modulating effect of green tea and vitamin C in the management of &amp;quot;Alzheimer&amp;#039;s Disease&amp;quot;: oxidative stress, cell-based anti-inflammatory and genotoxic profiles.

Modulating effect of green tea and vitamin C in the management of &amp;quot;Alzheimer&amp;#039;s Disease&amp;quot;: oxidative stress, cell-based anti-inflammatory and genotoxic profiles.

Protective effects of Parkin knockout on asthma-induced changes in juvenile mice: inflammation, airway resistance, and oxidative stress

Objective This study aimed to explore the effects of Parkin (Prkn) knockout in a juvenile mouse model of asthma. Methods Prkn knockout (KO) and wild type (WT) mice were utilized to establish a juvenile mouse asthma model. The asthma model involved exposure to hyperoxia/ovalbumin (OVA), encompassing hyperoxia from postnatal day 1 (P1) to P7, sensitization on P21 and P28, and challenge from P36 to P42. Room air/phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) served as the control condition. Following airway resistance measurement, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for cellular analysis, and lung tissues were subjected to histological examination and oxidative stress assessment. Serum levels of ovalbumin-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), total IgE, interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, and IL-13 were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results WT mice exposed to hyperoxia/OVA showed decreased body weight and increased airway resistance compared to those exposed to control condition. Conversely, KO mice exhibited increased body weight under asthma conditions. KO mice with asthma had reduced total cell counts, along with lower levels of lymphocytes, eosinophils, and neutrophils, compared to WT asthma mice. Histological assessment showed attenuated inflammation and reduced collagen deposition in KO mice relative to WT mice, with lower serum levels of inflammatory markers and improved lung oxidative stress profiles. No significant differences were observed between KO and WT mice under room air/PBS conditions. Conclusions Parkin knockout in juvenile mice mitigates asthma-related alterations in airway resistance, histopathological changes, inflammation status, and oxidative stress. These findings highlight a protective role of Parkin deficiency against asthma-associated pathologies.

Comparative analysis of the effects of high-intensity interval training and traditional aerobic training on improving physical fitness and biochemical indicators in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), linked to sedentary lifestyles and metabolic dysfunction, is highly prevalent. Exercise is an established intervention, but the relative efficacy of different exercise modalities remains unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of moderate-intensity continuous aerobic training and High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on physical fitness, biochemical parameters, and liver function in NAFLD patients. Sixty NAFLD patients (32 males, 28 females; age: 49.7±8.7 years; BMI: 31.1±3.3 kg/m2) were randomized into HIIT, aerobic training, and control cohorts. The HIIT cohort performed 4-minute high-intensity intervals at 85-95% of peak heart rate, interspersed with 3-minute active recovery at 60-70% of peak heart rate for 30-40 minutes per session. The aerobic training cohort performed continuous exercise at 60-70% of peak heart rate for 45-60 minutes per session. Both intervention cohorts underwent 12 weeks of supervised training, thrice weekly. Before and after the intervention, assessments included cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, flexibility, lipid profile, liver enzymes, inflammatory markers, insulin sensitivity, and oxidative stress markers. Compared to controls, both exercise cohorts showed significant improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and flexibility. However, HIIT elicited superior enhancements in cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular strength. Biochemically, both exercise cohorts exhibited reductions in triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase [ALT], aspartate aminotransferase [AST]), inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein [CRP], interleukin-6 [IL-6]), insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]), and oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde [MDA], protein carbonyl). Notably, HIIT yielded more substantial improvements in these parameters. HIIT and traditional aerobic training are effective in improving physical fitness and ameliorating biochemical indicators in NAFLD patients. Notably, HIIT appears to be more advantageous in enhancing cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and metabolic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress profiles, suggesting its potential as a time-efficient and effective exercise modality for managing NAFLD.

Building a multiple regression model for a personalized prediction of the efficacy of combined physiotherapy for peri-implantitis

Purpose of the study. To identify predictors of the effectiveness of personalized use of mesodiencephalic modulation in combination with ozone therapy in patients with inflammatory complications after dental implantation. Materials and methods. The study was carried out with the participation of 58 patients with peri-implantitis of classes I and II according to S. A. Jovanovic. Using a fixed randomization method, all patients were divided into 2 groups. The first (control group, 28 patients) received standard dental therapy, including professional oral hygiene and local use of antiseptics. The second (main group, 29 patients) additionally received courses of ozone therapy and mesodiencephalic modulation. Assessment of clinical effectiveness in the selected groups included the determination of dental indices and implant stability coefficient. The quality of life of patients was assessed using the OHIP-14 questionnaire in the Russian version. Additionally, microcirculation parameters in the peri-implant zone and markers of oxidative stress and cytokine profile were determined. Results. A clear advantage of combined physiotherapy over the standard method of treating peri-implantitis has been established, while the dynamics of some laboratory parameters characterizing pathological reactions were expressed to the maximum extent. Correlation analysis confirmed that these parameters can act as predictors of the effectiveness of combined physiotherapy, which was confirmed by the results of multiple regression analysis. It was revealed that the papillomarginal alveolar index can be recommended as an optimal independent variable in the development of new methods for treating complications after dental implantation. Conclusion. The results of constructing a multiple regression model made it possible to determine a cluster of predictor biomarkers in the form of blood levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, MDA, as well as microcirculation indicators and the rate of O2 consumption in the peri-implant zone, the identification of which in the initial state of patients with peri-implantitis allows us to assess the severity of the expected clinical effect of complex course use of mesodiencephalic modulation and ozone therapy.

Propagermanium as a Novel Therapeutic Approach for the Treatment of Endothelial Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes.

Propagermanium (PG) has immune modulating activity and anti-inflammatory properties. This work aimed to study the therapeutic efficacy of PG on endothelial and perivascular dysfunction associated with type 2 diabetes. Non-obese type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats were divided into four groups: (1) the control group; (2) the group treated with 50 mg/kg PG; (3) the group fed a high-fat diet (GKHFD); and (4) the group of GKHFD treated with 50 mg/kg PG. PG was given orally for 3 months. Several in vivo parameters and endothelial function were studied in aortas with perivascular adipose tissue PVAT (+) or without PVAT (-). We also determined the vascular inflammation and levels of CD36 in PVAT. In diabetic GK rats, PG did not affect the lipid profile or the results of the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test. Instead, it improved the fasting glucose levels (18%, p < 0.01), insulin resistance (32%, p < 0.05), endothelial function (33 and 25% in aortas mounted with (+) or without PVAT (-), p < 0.05), and restored the anticontractile effect of the perivascular adipose tissue by reducing its inflammation (56%, p < 0.05) and oxidative stress profile (55%, p < 0.05). Due to its anti-inflammatory characteristics, PG likely improved endothelial dysfunction and restored the perivascular adipose tissue's anticontractile properties.

Effects of drought and increased temperature on phytochemical traits of the edible halophyte Crithmum maritimum: Perspectives for future climatic scenarios

Climate change, characterised by drought events and rising temperatures, exerts a significant threat to crop productivity and global food security. Halophytes, known for their resilience in harsh conditions, offer promising options for sustainable cultivation alternatives. Our study focused on Crithmum maritimum, commonly known as sea fennel, an edible halophyte with potential in the food and nutraceutical industries, to explore the impacts of drought and increased temperatures on its nutritional and antioxidant profiles. Different C. maritimum populations displayed high nutritional qualities, suitable for consumption despite appearing slight differences among localities. While both drought and increased temperatures affected plant growth and phytochemical profiles, their impact on nutritional value was minor. Surprisingly, drought induced an unexpected decline in phenolic content, challenging the assumption of increased antioxidants in response to water scarcity. Different rates of decrease in leaf production were observed among C. maritimum populations under drought, yet overall, they maintained similar levels, suggesting potential suitability for cultivation in environments with limited water availability. Diverse population-specific responses under climatic treatments revealed different alterations in amino acid and oxidative stress profiles, suggesting diverse adaptive strategies. These findings provide critical insights into C. maritimum adaptability to climate-driven changes, offering valuable information for future agricultural practices

Protective effects of Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) against sodium Arsenite (NaAsO2) - Induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar Rats

One of the major environmental contaminants that can be found on a global scale is arsenic. Sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) is one of the compounds of arsenic which is considered very toxic. Long term exposure to NaAsO2 can cause chemical complications in various organs of the body such as the liver, kidney, testes and brain tissues. Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is an antioxidant that can serve as an antitoxic effect. NaAsO2. In this topic, we examined the chemo-protective effect of BHT on NaAsO2 induced hepatotoxicity in male Wistar rats. Wistar rats (n=42, +120g) were randomly grouped into seven treatment groups: of 7 animals each Control 1(corn oil); Control 2(distilled water); NaAsO2 alone (2.5mg/kg). BHT alone (25 mg/kg); BHT only (25mg/kg); BHT+ NaAsO2 (25mg/kg + 2.5/kg), and BHT+ NaAsO2 (2.5g/kg + 50 mg/kg) and treated for 14 days. Markers of liver functions, inflammation, oxidative stress and antioxidant profile of liver were assayed spectrophotometrically. Our results showed that exposure to NaAsO2 resulted in dramatic increase in the levels of AST, ALT and ALP activity Furthermore, NaAsO2 increased the concentration of oxidative stress markers such as xanthine oxidase (XO) and lipid peroxidation (MDA) and inflammatory markers such as myeloperoxidase (MPO) and nitric oxide (NO) with a concomitant decrease in antioxidant markers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD). Glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and catalase. However, the co-exposure of rats to both BHT and NaAsO2 can result in significant decrease the parameters above. In conclusion, exposure of rats to NaAsO2 causes increased inflammatory and oxidative stress signals, but these harmful effects can be ameliorated by administration of antioxidants such as BHT as confirmed by this research.

Oxidative-Stress and Hematological Alterations Induced by the Egyptian Naja nubiae Venom in Rats

Background: Snake venoms have been the subject of intense studies to understand the mechanisms involved in toxicity. Limited information is available regarding the Egyptian Spitting Cobra’s oxidative stress and hematological profile (Naja nubiae). Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the oxidative stress produced by the venom of N. nubiae and determine its hematotoxic effects in rats. Methods: The adult male Albino rats (N=30) were subcutaneously (SC) injected with a physiological saline solution in the control group. The SC injection of snake venom in groups 2 and 3 was 1/4 and 1/2 of the LD50 (0.32 mg/kg and 0.65 mg/kg body weight, respectively). Blood samples were collected at 30, 120, and 360 minutes post-injection for biochemical and hematological assays in both control and treated groups. Levels of oxidative stress biomarkers, including lipid peroxidation (LPO), protein carbonyl content (PCC), and nitric oxide (NO) were estimated. Antioxidants agents comprising glutathione (GSH) level, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were also evaluated. Results: The results showed that the effects of snake venom on blood cells are dose-dependent. Furthermore, significant alterations (P≤0.05) were observed in the hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, packed cell volume (PCV), and the number of red blood cells (RBCs) in response to a low dose of venom at the 30-minute time. In contrast to the control group, the venom induced a substantial elevation in LPO, NO, and PCC levels, indicating a disturbance in redox equilibrium. Additionally, significant reductions were detected in the GSH levels as well as SOD and CAT activities in all treated groups. Conclusion: Overall, the cytotoxicity’s potential to induce oxidative stress may reduce its antioxidant systems, leading to redox disturbance and hematological alteration.

Effects of captan, mancozeb and azoxystrobin fungicides on motility, oxidative stress and fatty acid profiles in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) spermatozoa

An in vitro study using rainbow trout spermatozoa was designed to evaluate the toxic effects of different concentrations of captan (CPT), mancozeb (MCZ), and azoxystrobin (AZX) fungicides on motility parameters, lipid peroxidation, SOD activity, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and DPPH inhibition. Moreover, changes in fatty acids profiles caused by the fungicides were determined for the first time. The results revealed that motility parameters, SOD activities, TAC values, and DPPH inhibitions decreased significantly while lipid peroxidation increased after ≥2 µg/L of CPT, ≥1 µg/L of MCZ, and ≥5 µg/L of AZX incubations for 2 h at 4 °C. Additionally, 10 µg/L CPT, 5 µg/L MCZ, and 200 µg/L AZX reduced motility to the 50 % level. Our results clearly demonstrated significant changes in the fatty acids profiles of spermatozoa exposed to these concentrations of the fungicides. The highest lipid peroxidation and the lowest monounsaturated and polyunsaturated saturated fatty acids (MUFA and PUFA, respectively) were detected in AZX. Even though the susceptibility of spermatozoa to oxidative damage is generally attributed to PUFA contents, the results of this study have represented that MUFA content could play a part in this tendency. Moreover, the lower concentration of MCZ reduced motility to the % 50 level while it deteriorated the fatty acids profile less than did AZX. Overall, the present study demonstrated that the detrimental effects of the fungicides on mitochondrial respiration and related enzymes have more priority than oxidative stress in terms of their toxicities on spermatozoa. It has also been suggested that fish spermatozoa are a good model for determining changes in the fatty acid profiles by fungicides, probably, by other pesticides and environmental contaminants as well.