Oxidation Ability Research Articles

Simulated radiation shielding parameter for energy 1 keV-100 GeV of lead-free borotellurite based glass for nuclear medicine application

This paper studies on the theoretical ionizing radiation shielding parameter for the glass of {[(TeO2)0.7 (B2O3)0.3]0.7 [ZnO]0.3}1-x {CeO2}x by using two software; WinXCOM and PhyX software, which investigate the ability of cerium oxide. The investigation revealed that the 5CeZBTe glass sample, which included the greatest concentration of CeO2 (0.05 mol), showed the greatest linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) and least values in Half Value Layer (HVL) and Mean Free Path (MFP). These results suggest that 5CeZBTe glass has significant potential as an alternative to traditional lead-based radiation shielding, offering a safer environment for both patients and healthcare professionals in medical settings.

Artificial Raising on Milk Replacer and Finishing Diet Did Not Affect Color and Oxidative Stability of Longissimus Lumborum Muscles From Polypay Ram Lambs

Lamb production traits are affected by pre-weaning management (such as artificial raising on milk replacer) and finishing (forage vs. concentrate) strategies. The objective of the current study was to examine the effects of pre-weaning management and finishing systems on the color and oxidative stability of longissimus lumborum (LL) muscles from ram lambs. Polypay ram lambs were raised conventionally with ewes (CR; n = 10) or artificially on milk replacer (AR; n = 10). After weaning at 60 d, ram lambs in AR and CR were equally divided and randomly allocated to finishing on a high-forage (50:50 forage:concentrate; HF) or a high-concentrate (85:15 concentrate:forage; HC) diet until reaching the live weight of 59 kg. The lambs were harvested, and the LL muscles from both sides of the carcasses (24 h postmortem) were fabricated into 2.5-cm-thick chops. Carcass characteristics were evaluated while harvesting and fabricating. The chops were placed on polystyrene trays, overwrapped with oxygen-permeable polyvinyl chloride film, and randomly assigned to refrigerated storage (2°C) in the darkness for either 0, 3, or 6 d. Instrumental color, R630/580, pH, lipid oxidation, and metmyoglobin reducing ability (MRA) were evaluated at the end of each storage period. Pre-weaning management and finishing system (HF and HC) had no influence (P > 0.05) on the carcass characteristics, surface L* (lightness), a* (redness), b* (yellowness), R630/580, pH, and MRA of LL chops. The R630/580 and MRA decreased (P < 0.05) during storage in both CR and AR chops, whereas lipid oxidation and yellowness (b* value) increased (P < 0.05) in both CR and AR during storage. These findings suggested that milk replacer could be employed as a practical strategy in lamb production without compromising fresh lamb color.

Thermal‐Oxidative Aging Behavior and Factors of Polystyrene‐Based Thermoplastic Elastomers‐Based Automotive Interior Skin

ABSTRACTCompared to traditional polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane (PU), and thermoplastic olefin (TPO) materials, thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) offer advantages of complete recyclability, absence of plasticizers and solvents, superior mechanical properties, pleasing tactile characteristics, low volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions, and cost‐effective processing. Making it an exceptional choice for environmentally friendly automotive skin materials. The automotive skin is frequently subjected to harsh conditions, such as high temperatures and oxygen exposure during use, presenting a significant durability challenge. Therefore, this study focuses on polystyrene (PS)‐based thermoplastic elastomers (TPE‐S) as the subject and investigates the influence of molecular weight, PS content, and chain structure in the blend on the mechanical properties of TPE‐S using an accelerated thermal‐oxidative aging method. Meanwhile, the changes of TPE‐S during the aging process are discussed via molecular weight, crystalline structure, molecular chain structure, microphase separation structure, and tactile sensation, providing a scientific foundation for guiding the selection of TPE‐S in automobile skin and heat oxidative aging resistance ability.

Effects of Drying Operation on the Mn2+ Removal Activity of MnOx: Performance and Mechanism

Mn2+ is a prevalent contaminant in groundwater. In this study, manganese oxides (MnOx) were prepared via a redox method to remove Mn2+ from water. The effects of the drying operation in the preparation process, including heat drying at 20–120 °C with different times and freeze drying methods, on the structural properties, manganese removal performance and mechanisms were investigated. The results indicate that the drying conditions can significantly affect the removal performance and stability of MnOx. The MnOx dried at 50 °C for 12 h exhibited the best Mn2+ removal efficiency and stability, with an adsorption capacity of 125.7 mg/g and removal efficacy of 95.1% after six reuse cycles. The removal pathway experiments revealed that the sample dried at 50 °C for 12 h had superior catalytic oxidation abilities for Mn2+, while other samples removed Mn2+ by primarily relying on the adsorption process. The investigation of the structure revealed that excessive heat drying led to the shrinkage of the oxide particles, a reduction in the surface voids, and a decrease in the hydroxyl groups. Conversely, insufficient drying time or temperatures resulted in high water content in MnOx, which occupied the surface active sites. The XPS analysis indicated that the catalytic oxidation of Mn2+ primarily relied on Mn(III) and adsorbed oxygen on the surface of MnOx. With freeze drying or inadequate heat drying, a large amount of Mn(II) remained on the oxide surface, and the over-drying operation resulted in excessive conversion from Mn(II) to Mn(IV), reducing the catalytic activity and resulting in low removal stability.

Defects Calculation and Accelerated Interfacial Charge Transfer in a Photoactive MOF-Based Heterojunction.

Photocatalytic hydrogen production is currently considered a clean and sustainable route to meet the energy and environmental issues. Among, heterojunction photocatalysts have been developed to improve their photocatalytic efficiency. Defect engineering of heterojunction photocatalysts is attractive due to it can perform as electron trap and change the band structure to optimize the interfacial separation rate of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Here, the MOF-based heterojunction photocatalysts with theoretically high reduction and oxidation abilities are successfully synthesized, denoted ZrO2/Pt/Zr-MOF-X, with tuned linker defectivity through an in situ electrochemical route. The defectivity are rationally calculated from the TG and 1H NMR results. A positive correlation is found between the defectivity and photocatalytic activity, and ZrO2/Pt/Zr-MOF-6 with the optimized defectivity of ca. 35% exhibits the highest hydrogen production rate of up to 2923 µmol g-1 h-1, illustrating the importance of structural defects in heterojunction photocatalysts. Ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy and electron spin resonance results unveil the highest carrier concentration and charge separation efficiency in the defected heterostructure of ZrO2/Pt/Zr-MOF-6 through a direct Z-scheme contact, leading to its efficient photocatalysis through the high redox power.

Unraveling Crystal Phase-Driven Activity and Selectivity of WO3 for Photoelectrochemical Biomass Valorization.

Modulating the crystal phase of a photocatalyst significantly impacts its surface and photochemical properties, allowing for the adjustment of catalytic activity and selectivity, particularly in the electrooxidation reactions of biomass-derived chemicals. Herein, monoclinic and hexagonal phases of WO3 are employed as photoanodes for the photoelectrochemical conversion of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF). The monoclinic phase demonstrated exceptional performance in photoelectrocatalytic HMF oxidation, achieving remarkable photocurrent densities (1.1 mA cm-2), which were 5.5 times greater than those observed for hexagonal WO3. Moreover, the yield of DFF products obtained over monoclinic WO3 was approximately 2.5 times higher compared to that of hexagonal WO3. A combination of experiments and theoretical calculations indicates that the superior performance of monoclinic WO3 for HMF oxidation mainly originates from enhanced light harvesting efficiency, better charge separation and utilization, balanced adsorption energy, and stronger oxidative ability of photogenerated holes. This study emphasizes the potential of crystal phase engineering to regulate the reaction activity and selectivity and provides insights into how to design next-generation high-performance photoelectrodes for sustainable chemical production from biomass.

An MIL-53(FeNiCo) decorated BiVO4 photoanode for efficient photoelectrochemical water oxidation.

BiVO4 is considered as one of the important candidate materials for photoelectrochemical water splitting technology. However, the low efficiency of charge separation and poor kinetics of water oxidation limit its performance in PEC water splitting. In this work, a BiVO4/MIL-53(FeNiCo) photoanode was constructed by a facile hydrothermal deposition method, exhibiting excellent water oxidation ability under AM 1.5 G light irradiation, and achieving a photocurrent density of 3.53 mA cm-2 at 1.23 VRHE, which is about 3.2 times that of pure BiVO4. The electrochemical test results demonstrate that the decoration of MIL-53(FeNiCo) could enhance the charge transfer and accelerate the kinetics of water oxidation reaction, thus leading to excellent PEC water splitting performance. The PEC stability is also significantly improved, indicating that MIL-53(FeNiCo) allows BiVO4 to be used for water oxidation for stable PEC water oxidation.

Computational Insights into Hydrogen Atom Transfer Mediators in C-H Activation Catalysis of Nonheme Fe(IV)O Complexes.

This study presents a detailed density functional theory (DFT) investigation into the mechanism and energetics of C-H activations catalyzed by bioinspired Fe(IV)O complexes, particularly in the presence of N-hydroxy mediators. The findings show that these mediators significantly enhance the reactivity of the iron-oxo complex. The study examines three substrates with varying bond dissociation energies─ethylbenzene, cyclohexane, and cyclohexadiene─alongside the [Fe(IV)O(N4Py)]2+ complex. Mediators N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) and N-hydroxyquinolinimide (NHQI) were chosen for their strong oxidative abilities. The results reveal that NO-H bond cleavage in N-hydroxy compounds occurs more readily than C-H bond cleavage in hydrocarbons, as supported by the Marcus cross-relation applied to H-abstraction. This leads to the rapid formation of aminoxyl radicals, which are more reactive than Fe(IV)O species, lowering the activation energy and enhancing the reaction rate. The C-H bond activation aligns with the Bell-Evans-Polanyi principle, correlating the activation energy with the substrate bond dissociation energy. The investigation reveals that the mediator pathway is favored both thermodynamically and kinetically. Additionally, distortion energy provides a compelling explanation for the observed reactivity trends, further highlighting NHQI's superior efficiency compared to NHPI. Additionally, quantum mechanical tunneling plays a significant role, as evidenced by the computed kinetic isotope effect, which matches experimental data.

The Removal of Organic Pollutants and Ammonia Nitrogen from High-Salt Wastewater by the Electro-Chlorination Process and Its Mechanism

Electro-chlorination (E-Cl) is an emerging and promising electrochemical advanced oxidation technology for wastewater treatment with the advantages of high efficiency, deep mineralization, a green process, and easy operation. It was found that the mechanism of pollutant removal by electro-chlorination mainly involves an indirect oxidation process, in which pollutant removal is mainly driven by the intermediate active species, especially RCS and chlorine radicals, with a strong oxidization ability produced at the anodes. In this work, we summarized the principles and pathways of the removal/degradation of pollutants (organic pollutants and ammonia nitrogen) by E-Cl and the major affecting factors including the applied current density, voltage, electrolyte concentration, initial pH value, etc. In the E-Cl system, the DSA and BDD electrodes were the most widely used electrode materials. The flow-through electrode reactor was considered to be the most promising reactor since it had a high porosity and large pore size, which could effectively improve the mass transfer efficiency and electron transfer efficiency of the reaction. Of the many detection methods for chlorine radicals and RCS, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and spectrophotometry with N, N-diethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine sulfate (DPD) as the chromogenic agent were the two most widely used methods. Overall, the E-Cl process had excellent performance and prospects in treating salt-containing wastewater.

MXenes: Exploiting their Unique Properties for Designing Next-Generation Thermal Catalysts and Photocatalysts

Abstract MXenes possess a range of exceptional properties that can be harnessed in catalyst design for thermal and photocatalytic reactions. Herein, we share our perspective on how these properties can beexploited to address challenges in different catalytic reactions, thereby highlighting the potential of the material in catalysis. For thermal catalysis, key properties include their layered structure, reducibility of their surface, partial oxidation ability, basicity/acidity, and electrophilicity. In photocatalysis, MXenes exhibit beneficial properties such as transparency, electrical conductivity, tunable Fermi level, photo-corrosion resistance, and plasmonic resonance. Two fundamental characteristics that underpin MXene’s superiority over many other traditional catalysts are the tunability of its properties to meet specific application needs and the low dimensionality of its structure, which enables nanoscale phenomena to be harnessed. While reasonable progress has been made in this field, we assert that the potential for MXenes in catalytic applications is vast and largely underexplored. As we mark a decade of MXene research, we anticipate significant advancements in their catalytic applications, positioning them as key materials for future breakthroughs in this field.

Bifunctional MoNi4/Nickel Foam Electro-Catalyst for Ultra-Efficient Oxidation of High-Concentration 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural and HER.

The electro-catalytic oxidation of biomass-derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) provides an attractive route to produce 2, 5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) as a substitute for terephthalic acid used in the plastics industry. Herein, we prepared MoNi4 alloy on nickel foam (NF) using a simple hydrothermal method followed by hydrogen reduction. Applied MoNi4/NF as the bifunctional electrodes for the electro-catalytic HMF oxidation reaction (HMFOR) and HER, 98.7 % FDCA yield and 97.3 % Faraday efficiency (FE) can be achieved even with HMF concentration as high as 200 mM. Notably, no obvious deactivation was observed after ten consecutive cycles. In-situ Raman, XANES and EXAFS results show that the nickel species of MoNi4/NF is first oxidized to Ni3+ species under the applied voltage, and after undergoing the electro-catalytic HMFOR, then reduced to Ni2-δ state (with a valence between 0 and +2) due to the electron-donating effect from Mo. MoNi4/NF with more than one electron transfer between Ni3+ and Ni2-δ during the HMFOR enables it to have excellent electro-catalytic oxidation ability toward HMFOR.

Study on the Mechanism of Chemical Mechanical Polishing for 4H-SiC Based on Photoelectro-Fenton Reaction

Abstract In order to meet the requirements of atomic-level smoothness and non-damaging wafer surface with a high material removal rate (MRR) of silicon carbide (SiC), a new method assisted by photoelectron-Fenton reaction was studied to assist in chemical mechanical polishing. The coupling effects of ultraviolet light, electric field, and Fenton reaction in improving the slurry oxidation performance and the oxidation ability on the 4H-SiC wafer surface has been verified by measuring the oxidation-reduction potential, using probe detection methods, and conducting electrochemical experiments. Through immersion oxidation experiments, the oxidation mechanisms of SiC wafers were analyzed in depth using scanning electron microscope, energy-dispersive spectrometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy tests. The results showed that the photoelectro-Fenton reaction greatly enhanced the oxidation ability of the slurry, which improved the efficiency of oxide layer generation on the wafer surface. The high MRR of 102.4 nm/h and the low surface roughness (Ra) of 0.57 nm can be obtained after polishing under the condition of pH = 3, and the polishing and synergistic mechanism of 4H-SiC in the photoelectron-Fenton reaction solution was proposed.

Selective photooxidation of methane to C1 oxygenates by constructing heterojunction photocatalyst with mild oxidation ability

Selective photocatalytic aerobic oxidation of methane to value-added chemicals offers a promising pathway for sustainable chemical industry, yet remains a huge challenge owing to the consecutive overoxidation of primary products. Here, a type II heterojunction were constructed in Ag-AgBr/ZnO to reduce the oxidation potential of stimulated holes and prevent the undesirable CH4 overoxidation side reactions. For photocatalytic oxidation of methane under ambient temperature, the products yield of 1499.6 μmol gcat−1 h−1 with a primary products selectivity of 77.9% was achieved over Ag-AgBr/ZnO, which demonstrate remarkable improvement compared to Ag/ZnO (1089.9 μmol gcat−1 h−1, 40.1%). The superior activity and selectivity result from the promoted charge separation and the redox potential matching with methane activation after introducing AgBr species. Mechanism investigation elucidated that the photo-generated holes transferred from the valence band of ZnO to that of AgBr, which prevent H2O oxidation and enhance the selective generation of •OOH radical.

Pomelo peel biochar supported nZVI@Bi0 as a persulfate activator for the degradation of acetaminophen: Enhanced performance and degradation mechanism

Due to the contradiction between superior reaction kinetics and imperfect reproducibility of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) in persulfate oxidation systems, how to improve the reusability of nZVI while highly guaranteeing efficiency is an important but challenging matter. Hence, we took a hydrothermal-assisted carbon reduction to synthesize nZVI encapsulated with Bi being loaded on pomelo peel biochar (nZVI@Bi0/PPBC), and the results indicated that the presence of Bi could improve the reproducibility of nZVI and facilitate the removal of acetaminophen (ACE) in the persulfate (PDS) system. The degradation rate constant of the nZVI@Bi0/PPBC800 composite for ACE was approximately 1.5 times higher than that of the nZVI/PPBC800. nZVI exhibited synergistic effects with Bi on PDS activation through electron transfer. Interestingly, the Bi(0) became increasingly pure as the pyrolysis temperature increased, and the catalytic performance of ZVI@Bi0/PPBC became better. In addition,electron spin resonance and quenching experiments revealed that 1O2 and O2·− were the predominant reactive oxygen species in nZVI@Bi0/PPBC/PDS system.The nZVI@Bi0/PPBC/PDS system showed excellent oxidation ability across a broad pH range (3.0–9.0) and resisted interference from certain anions. This work reveals the possible role of Bi(0) in nZVI based PDS system, and provides an idea for the protection of nZVI.

Heteroatom-regulated iron single-atom nanozymes for universal colorimetric discrimination of mycotoxins and metal ions

Single-atom nanozymes (SAzymes) have garnered considerable attentions in biosensing due to their superior catalytic properties. Although significant progress has been made in this field, designing SAzymes with satisfactory catalytic performance and constructing high-throughput sensor platforms remains a major challenge. Herein, we design and fabricate an iron single-atom catalyst with the optimal Fe-N3PS active moiety supported on N, P, S co-doped hollow carbon nanocage (Fe-N3PS/HC). As expected, the prepared Fe-N3PS/HC SAzyme shows outstanding peroxidase-like activity and kinetics. Moreover, the density-functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the doped P and S atoms endow Fe moiety with unique electronic structure due to the regulation of atomic configuration, and thus improve the peroxide-like activity of Fe-N3PS/HC SAzyme kinetically and thermodynamically. A three-channel nanozyme sensor array combing Fe-N3PS/HC SAzyme and three colorimetric reactions is established for colorimetric discrimination of mycotoxins and metal ions. Different analytes have varying interactions with Fe-N3PS/HC and diverse degrees of catalytic oxidation abilities, thus resulting in fingerprint-like colorimetric response for the analytes. The statistical analysis results show that the sensor array displays excellent discrimination ability for five mycotoxins and ten metal ions, and perform well in quantitative determination at the level of ng/mL and μM. Additionally, the sensor array allows precise identification even in multicomponent mixtures and real samples (e.g., corn juice and actual water sample), demonstrating its potential in the applications of food safety and environment monitoring.

The target rulings the oxidation and degradation ability of the ZIF-67/PtPd: A seesaw-like two-channel colorimetric platform for organophosphorus detection

Herein, the seesaw-like two channels colorimetric platform constructed for organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) determination was based on the dual functions of ZIF-67/PtPd (ZP), which could participate not only in the oxidation of 3,3’,5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), but also in the degradation of methylene blue (MB). Then the thiocholine (TCh) generated by the reaction of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and acetylcholine (ATCh) could inhibit the two processes (TMB channel and MB channel), resulting in the color reversal of the two channels, respectively. Additionally, the target OPs could inhibit the AChE activity, leading to decrease the TCh production, so the inhibitory effect of TCh on two channels was weaken, thus affecting the output of the signal value. Based on it, the developed platform exhibited outstanding ability to detect AChE and OPs. Besides, as alkaloids could inhibit AChE, as same as OPs, so the platform have a potential to screen the AChE inhibitors from natural alkaloids.

Long-lasting and efficient peroxydisulfate-based groundwater remediation driven by the slowly released Fe(II) from natural chlorite

The rapid depletion of peroxydisulfate (PDS) and the competitive inactivation of reactive species by excessive Fe restrict the oxidation duration and performance of iron (Fe)-based catalysts activated PDS for in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO). Here, natural chlorite, one of the Fe-rich clay minerals, is used as activator to enhance the performance and efficiency of PDS-based ISCO. It was found that acidification of contaminated groundwater drives the slowly release of aqueous Fe(II) from chlorite and serving as the source of multiple reactive species including hydroxyl radical (•OH), sulfate radical (SO4•−), and Fe(IV). Benefitting from the controlled release of Fe(II), the scavenging of oxidative species by Fe(II) is notably alleviated, leading to the oxidant utilization efficiency of chlorite/PDS improved by 24–95 % compared to the Fe(II)/PDS and ZVI/PDS, and the costs of oxidants reduced by over 50 %. Long-term experiments indicate that PDS is relatively persistent and slowly consumed by chlorite, hence the oxidative ability for pollution control remains for over one month. This work not only proposes an effective, low-cost and promising alternative process for groundwater remediation, but also demonstrates the significance of slowly released Fe(II) in breaking the trade-off between peroxide activation rate and peroxide utilization efficiency in ISCO.

Experimental and molecular dynamic simulation studies of landfill contaminated groundwater remediation by graphene oxide coated zeolite

ABSTRACT Graphene oxide (GO) has proven effective in wastewater treatment due to its capability to adsorb heavy metals and organic contaminants. Zeolite is also widely used in contaminant remediation as a reactive material in permeable reactive barrier (PRB). Experimental column flow-through tests were applied in this study to investigate the remediation ability of composite granule-graphene oxide coated zeolite (GOZ) on FA, Pb2+ and NH4 +, from municipal landfill contaminated groundwater. Microscopic characterization and molecular dynamic simulation were carried out in sequence to understand the adsorption process. The results demonstrated that GO significantly enhanced zeolite’s adsorption capacity for Pb2+ and FA by 147.5% and 164.8%, respectively, though NH4 + removal experienced a slight decrease of 25% after GO coating. The ion exchange of Pb2+ resulted in more significant partial collapse compared to NH4 + due to different effective diameter comparing with the channel size of zeolite. However, GO coating relieved the framework deformation by engaging in functional group reactions during Pb2+ adsorption. A recommended surface area coating ratio between 47.0% and 78.4% was identified, as values outside this range may lead to significant GO deformation or inefficient FA adsorption. The GO-zeolite granules displayed significant potential in remediating various contaminants while effectively preventing GO aggregation and zeolite collapse. As technological advancements reduce GO production costs, the economic feasibility of using GOZ in groundwater remediation is increasingly promising.

Effect of Na2O upon Al2O3-SiO2-CaO inclusions: Property calculation and structural analysis

The service performance issue in Si-Mn killed steels is primarily attributed to the existence of non-metallic inclusions. Notably, inclusions within the Al2O3-SiO2-CaO (ASC) system, characterized by their high melting temperature and robust crystallization tendency, exhibit a propensity for deformation resistance. To address this issue, the current study employed Na2O as a modifier to reduce the viscosity and enhance the deformability of ASC oxide inclusions. Molecular dynamics (MD) and thermodynamic calculation provided the insight that when the Na2O content was kept below 6.92 wt.%, it effectively hindered the crystallization ability of ASC oxides by elevating the diffusion barrier for Al atoms. Furthermore, this modification facilitated the transformation of Ca2Al2SiO7 crystals into Na2CaAl4O8 crystals, which possessed a notably lower Young’s modulus. Raman spectroscopy analysis also revealed that the absence of Q4 structural units in the system and the Q3 structural units vanished until the addition of Na2O rose to 11.81 wt.%. This indicated that the investigated glass network structure exhibited a relatively loose configuration. Additionally, the density emerged as a pivotal factor influencing the variations in Young’s moduli among the studied oxide glasses.

A three-stage oxidation method improves sludge dewaterability by achieving sustained oxidation and phased enhanced coagulation: Ingeniously using H2O2 as a “converter”

Sludge reduction is essential for mitigating the environmental hazards associated with sludge. The use of ferric chloride (Fe(III)) catalyzed ferrate (Fe(VI)) can significantly enhance sludge dewaterability by increasing the Fe(VI) oxidation rate and maintaining in-situ enhanced coagulation. However, its weak oxidation ability at the sludge’s original pH limits its practical application. To address this, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) strengthened Fe(VI)/Fe(III) was employed to efficiently improve sludge dewaterability without pH adjustment, thereby enhancing the environmental utilization capacity of sludge. Compared to raw sludge, the treatment of Fe(VI)/Fe(III)–H2O2 resulted in approximately the 95% reduction in specific resistance to filtration (SRF) and increased the bioavailable phosphorus (P) content in dewatered sludge. During the oxidation process, highly reactive species such as tetravalent iron (Fe(IV)) and hydroxyl radicals (OH) were generated, facilitating the release of tightly bound water in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Importantly, the oxidation process was divided into three stages (persistent moderate oxidation — fast strong oxidation — sustained weak oxidation) based on the predominant reactive species (Fe(IV) or OH). This division promoted more robust and more durable oxidation processes. Phased enhanced coagulation occurred during the oxidation process. The gradual increase in Fe(III) content led to the re-flocculation of damaged EPS, enlarging the size of sludge drainage pores/channels and improving water discharge efficiency. Additionally, the costs and carbon emissions of chemicals for the Fe(VI)/Fe(III)–H2O2 process were 18% and 52% lower than those of the traditional Fenton method. This study not only achieves the goals of sludge reduction and resource collection but also provides insights into selecting sludge conditioning methods that meet pollution reduction and carbon emission reduction requirements.