Product Ownership Research Articles

The interaction effect of consumer affinity and patriotism among millennial Muslim women consumers

PurposeThis study aims to investigate how the social identity theory and emotional attachment theory influence the willingness of consumers to buy foreign cosmetic products. Specifically, this study examines the relationship between consumer ethnocentrism, foreign product judgment and willingness to buy foreign products. Furthermore, the interaction effect of consumer affinity and patriotism are tested in the model.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey of 208 millennial Muslim women consumers was used to collect the data. The structural equation modeling test was used to assess the six hypotheses. Moreover, the two-step estimation approach was used to test the interaction moderation of consumer affinity and patriotism.FindingsThe results indicate that consumer ethnocentrism has a positive and significant relationship with foreign product judgment. Foreign product judgment was also found to have a positive and significant relationship with willingness to buy. In addition, this study concludes that affinity was found to moderate the relationship between consumer ethnocentrism and foreign product judgment and strengthen the positive and significant effect of foreign product judgment on the willingness to buy. Finally, patriotism did not moderate the relationship between consumer ethnocentrism and foreign product judgment. However, patriotism moderated the relationship between foreign product judgment and willingness to buy.Research limitations/implicationsThis study only focused on one category (i.e. low involvement product), and the authors recommend future studies to examine a high involvement product. Other individual orientation constructs, such as xenocentrism, need to be examined in future studies. Moreover, only intentional measures were investigated. Thus, further research could correlate intentional measures with product ownership. Finally, future research could examine how consumers behave differently across nations. Thus, the present model would require cross-cultural research.Practical implicationsMarketers focusing on global branding and international marketing can benefit from the findings of this paper by understanding the antecedents of consumers’ willingness to buy in the foreign cosmetic products setting. Additionally, foreign cosmetic marketers could focus on consumer affinity to strengthen the communication with and arouse the affinity of Muslim millennials women consumers in Indonesia. Finally, marketers can incorporate messages and signals of patriotism in their marketing communications to increase Muslim millennial women consumers’ love and pride.Social implicationsThe growing obsession with beauty among women has led to the immense growth of the cosmetics industry. This phenomenon has spawned an abundance of cosmetic products on the market. The advancement of information technology has further increased competition for cosmetic products as more products can be quickly brought to market. Muslim millennials consumers must be aware and careful about raw materials, impacts on long-term health, impacts on the national economy, environmental impacts and halal certification when using various kinds of cosmetics.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature on international marketing research by incorporating the interactive effect of consumer affinity and patriotism in the acceptance of foreign cosmetic products.

Chinese technology: a study of the image and the desire for possession, using the technology readiness index – TRI scale

Objective: This article intends to measure the readiness of Brazilian consumers to adopt products based on Chinese technology, using the Technology Readiness Index - TRI scale.Originality/Relevance: The importance of the image of new technological products and services has resulted in debates and discussions in academic and executive circles. However, there are still gaps, where the need to identify and characterize the importance of image to encourage ownership of Chinese products can present innovative nuances in the knowledge of the subject.Methodology/approach: A survey was carried out with 865 consumers of Chinese products in Brazil, evaluating the instrument used based on statistical procedures.Main results: This study allowed evaluating the Technology Readiness Index (TRI) model and its applicability in the analysis of consumer readiness for Chinese products. The constructs and variables showed consistency, with six confirmed and three unconfirmed hypotheses. Innovativeness, Optimism, Insecurity and Insecurity are important emotional states to characterize Explorer, Pioneer, Skeptical, Paranoid and Laggard consumers.Theoretical/methodological contributions: The study enabled the identification of consumer behavior in the use of products based on Chinese technology. The Technology Readiness Index (TRI) has proven to be an important model for measuring technology readiness in different contexts.Social/Management Contributions: The validation of the model allows its use in corporations of different sizes and different types of products and services.

Servitization for the Environment? The Impact of Data-Centric Product-Service Models

ABSTRACT Recent developments in data-centric technologies (e.g., big data, Internet of Things, cloud computing) have given rise to the data-centric models, such as servitization. Servitization here refers to firms selling a product as a service instead of selling product ownership, which has been viewed as a green business model that can benefit the environment. Despite the potential environmental superiority of servitization, previous studies and empirical observations have shown that the servitization model may generate lower profits than the conventional product sales model, which poses challenges for firms to choose their business models. However, the existing literature has not considered the role of data-centric technologies that are increasingly embedded in the servitization model, in which firms can co-create value with consumers by leveraging product usage data to improve service offerings. In this study, we build an analytical model to scrutinize the economic and environmental performance of the data-centric servitization model compared to the product model. We find that the data-centric servitization model is more profitable than the product model only when a firm’s service improvement capability is relatively high. Unfortunately, a high service improvement capability may exacerbate the negative environmental impact, resulting in the servitization model being less environmentally friendly than the product model. We discuss the circumstances under which using the servitization model can yield win-win outcomes in terms of profitability and environmental impact. The findings can help managers and policymakers reconcile the tension between firm profitability and environmental damage and make judicious decisions on business model choices and the application of emerging data-centric technologies.

DevOps Team Structures: Characterization and Implications

<italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Context</i> : DevOps can be defined as a cultural movement to improve and accelerate the delivery of business value by making the collaboration between development and operations effective. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Objective</i> : This paper aims to help practitioners and researchers to better understand the organizational structure and characteristics of teams adopting DevOps. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Method</i> : We conducted an exploratory study by leveraging in-depth, semi-structured interviews with relevant stakeholders of 31 multinational software-intensive companies, together with industrial workshops and observations at organizations’ facilities that supported triangulation. We used Grounded Theory as qualitative research method to explore the structure and characteristics of teams, and statistical analysis to discover their implications in software delivery performance. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Results</i> : We describe a taxonomy of team structures that shows emerging, stable and consolidated product teams that are classified according to six variables, such as collaboration frequency, product ownership sharing, and autonomy, among others, as well as their implications on software delivery performance. These teams are often supported by horizontal teams (DevOps platform teams, Centers of Excellence, and chapters) that provide them with platform technical capabilities, mentoring and evangelization, and even temporarily may facilitate human resources. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Conclusion</i> : This study aims to strengthen evidence and support practitioners in making better informed about organizational team structures by analyzing their main characteristics and implications in software delivery performance.

Chronological Progress of Blockchain in Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM): A Systematic Analysis for Emerging Future Directions

The emergence of Industry 4.0 has awoken the adoption of blockchain as a key factor to enhance the industrial supply chain across the globe, enabling cost-effective and fast-paced delivery of products and services, ownership of products with privacy, and high security as well as traceability. This new digital horizon is underpinning the future direction of humankind, aligning with the Sustainable Development Goal themes of Good Health and Well-being (SDG3) and Sustainable Cities and Communities (SDG 11). Thus, the main objective of this paper is to elucidate the adoption of blockchain technology in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) disciplines by determining of the key academic research players and the evolution of blockchain in different fields. It begins by clarifying the definition of these concepts, followed by a discussion regarding the chronological progress of blockchain over time, an evaluation of the adoption of blockchain technologies in different key research areas, and lastly, providing comments on several directions to guide practitioners in developing a sustainable global blockchain roadmap in education science.

지명채권 양도인이 양도통지전 변제받아 소비한 경우의 죄책

The court have acknowledged that if the transferor of bond received and consumed money, which is a reimbursement, from the debtor before the notification of transfer, the transferee has the ownership of the money and the transferor in the custody of the money and the transferor is guilty of the embezzlement, but lately denied all of it in this case. The majority opinion discussed whether to apply the ownership of money under criminal law, which is different from that under civil law. But, in this case, even if the reimbursement is not money, ownership belongs to the transferor, so it is reasonable to assume that ownership belongs to the transferor without discussing the concept of ownership of money under civil law. Recently, the court, distinguishing between the main benefit obligations and incidental obligations in the contract, recognized the breach of trust only in the case of non-fufillment of the main obligations. The majority in the case denied the breach of trust, adopting that theory. However, the court recognizes the storage duty under the principle of good faith in the case of embezzlement, and admitted that duty even in the case of a mistaken remittance, which is the case of no duty under the principle of good faith in the civil law because there is no transaction relationship at all. However, even in the civil law, in the case of subsidiary obligations recognized under the principle of good faith, they are not recognized as storage obligations under the Criminal Act. All of this goes against the unity of the legal system and the trust of the parties. In the case of additional obligations under the principle of good faith, which is recognized under civil law, it is considerable to recognize the obligation in the case of embezzlement or breach of trust in light of legal relations and the will of the parties of the case. That theory should be adopted in this case. However, since the ownership of the reimbursement product of the bond transferee is not recognized, it is quite considered as a breach of trust.

Household stock market participation in South Africa: the role of financial literacy and social interactions

PurposeOne of the most important phenomena that have been confronted in the field of household finance is the stock market participation puzzle. The puzzle describes the anomaly that the majority of households do not have ownership of stock market products, though empirically stocks give higher expected returns than risk-free assets. The stock market participation rate plays an important role as it has a direct bearing on the equity premium. In this study, the authors aim to investigate how financial literacy and various proxies of social interaction are associated with stock market participation in South Africa.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses probit regression and ordinary least squares using the South African National Income Dynamics survey Wave 5 of 2017 to investigate whether financial literacy and social interaction are significantly associated with stock market participation. The financial literacy index is computed using factor analysis on the responses to the financial literacy questions used in the survey. The authors use three proxies for social interaction, namely membership in a Stokvel, membership in a men's association and membership in a women's association.FindingsThe results reveal that an increase in financial literacy increases the odds of respondents participating in the stock market. Among the control variables, age, race and level of education are significantly associated with stock market participation. When it comes to social interaction, it is belonging to a men's association that is significantly associated with stock market participation. The other proxies for social interaction are insignificantly associated with stock market participation.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the extant literature by using a set of proxies for social interaction that have the potential to influence stock market participation which have not been used in a South African context.

What Drives Users to Go Beyond Mere Contribution? – The Role of Perceived Ownership

As digitization proceeds, relying on user communities to gain knowledge has become increasingly important for many firms. If firms want to benefit from such user communities providing knowledge and ideas, it is essential that users do not only contribute to the community but also give up some of their intellectual property rights so that others can build on their contributions in a cumulative manner. While previous research has shown that users can benefit from allowing others to build on their contributions, not all users decide to do so. We argue that this is due to perceived psychological ownership of the product, which can result in territorial responses and is particularly strong among users with high levels of reputation among community members. On the other hand, high levels of reciprocity among users shift the perceived locus of product ownership from the individual user to the community, and thus increase the likelihood that users give up some of their intellectual property rights and allow others to build on their contributions. We use data from the 3D-printable design community Thingiverse to test our claims and find evidence that is consistent with our theoretical reasoning.

How can non-fungible tokens bring value to brands

Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) have registered tremendous growth in the past year, and their importance is expected to increase with the expected development of Web3. From a brand perspective, NFTs can be seen as representations of the brand components, such as the product, the logo, or the image. I argue that NFTs have immense potential to become standalone brand assets. I illustrate how this can be achieved by relating the brand's NFT strategies to the marketing funnel stages. Brands can turn into an NFT their physical products such as shoes, shirts, or art to attract brand awareness, generate cross-selling opportunities, and spark stronger perceived ownership of certain brand elements. Importantly, NFTs can allow brands to form a highly engaging brand community that can support the brand, blend online and offline product ownership, and potentially create a bond between the brand and consumers. These exciting possibilities generate a rich research agenda I present in this paper.

Anti-Counterfeit Detection System Using Blockchain

Abstract: In recent years, counterfeit products have played an important role in the manufacturing industry. This affects company name, sales, and corporate profits. Blockchain technology is used to identify real products and to detect counterfeit products. Blockchain technology is a distributed, customized, and digital book that stores information in the form of blocks in multiple archives linked to chains. Blockchain technology is a secure technology so any block cannot be changed or hacked. By using Blockchain technology, customers or users do not have to rely on third-party users to ensure product security. The concept of Product Copy Management System against counterfeit products that can be used in a series of postal merchant supply chain using QR code. By using a blockchain-based application platform that will help overcome the problems associated with an effective supply chain management system and provide a way to prove product ownership. Keywords- Blockchain, QR Code, Supply Chain, Solidity, Counterfeit products.

A Framework for Stakeholders’ Involvement in Digital Productions for Cultural Heritage Tourism

This paper proposes a new framework for the production and development of immersive and playful technologies in cultural heritage in which different stakeholders such as users and local communities are involved early on in the product development chain. We believe that an early stage of co-creation in the design process produces a clear understanding of what users struggle with, facilitates the creation of community ownership and helps in better defining the design challenge at hand. We show that adopting such a framework has several direct and indirect benefits, including a deeper sense of site and product ownership as direct benefits to the individual, and the creation and growth of tangential economies to the community.

FAKE PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION USING BLOCK CHAIN

In the current supply chain, there are several phoney items. It is vital to have a system in place that allows end users to examine all data about the goods they are purchasing in order to determine whether the product is authentic or not. Blockchain technology is a network of peer-to- peer nodes that keep a record of transactions, also known as blocks, and commonly referred to as "chains" in various databases. This type of storage is sometimes referred to as "digital ledge." It has a distributed file system and immutable properties. IPFS (Inter Planetary File System), a Distributed Web File System, is used by our system to track product ownership. IPFS is more helpful than http because it can efficiently distribute large amounts of data and does not allow duplication. IPFS and the Blockchain have a lot in common. IPFS allows you to handle large amounts of data and embed immutable, persistent IPFS links in blockchain transactions. This protects and time stamps your content without having to place the data on the chain. The system keeps track of the product's maker, how ownership changes, and allows customers to see who is the current owner of the goods. Customers will be given a Graphical user interface (GUI) to scan QR codes associated with products, and information about those products will be shown. KEYWORDS – Inter Planetary File System (IPFS), Blockchain, supply chain, QR code.

The role of financial socialization and self-control on saving habits

Using novel US household survey data, we examine the role of financial socialization, meant as the exposure to financial concepts while growing up, and self-control in explaining saving behavior. We pay special attention to the potential existence of gender differences in the influence of parental teachings received early in life and self-control skills on saving habits. In addition, we analyze the relationship between financial socialization, self-control and the ownership of different financial products. Results indicate that financial socialization received early in life and self-control are positively associated with general saving habits. However, their contribution differs depending on the type of financial product being analyzed. Furthermore, the gender gap in saving propensity in the favor of males is mainly due to differences in characteristics rather than differences in coefficients.

Dilemma and Breakthrough: Necessity and Legitimacy of Establishing Property Rights for Data Products

The development of data products is the essential characteristic and condition of the digital economy, thus giving rise to a new form of ecological competition. The issue of unfair competition and data products is becoming increasingly prominent. At present, for the legal protection of data products, considering the restrictions on laws and regulations, legal remedies are provided according to the anti-unfair competition law. However, as for the disputes in the ownership of data products, the attribute of right becomes an unavoidable focus of dispute in juridical practice. Network operators have devoted an enormous amount of hard work to data products. Based on the theory of the property rights of labor, network operators are entitled to property rights. In the era of artificial intelligence and big data, lawmakers give property rights to data products. It is also an important measure in response to the development of times. This paper briefly analyzes the necessity and legitimacy of establishing property rights for data products.

Determinants of financial inclusion across gender in Saudi Arabia: evidence from the World Bank's Global Financial Inclusion survey

PurposeThis paper investigates the magnitude of financial inclusion in terms of ownership and usage of financial products across gender in Saudi Arabia based on the World Bank's Global Financial Inclusion (GFI) survey data.Design/methodology/approachThis study derives the data from the GFI survey, covering 1,009 respondents from Saudi Arabia. The data on ownership and usage of financial products along with demographic characteristics of the surveyed respondents have been extracted for the analysis. The data have been analyzed with the help of statistical techniques, such as the chi-square test, and marginal effects for identifying the factors affecting financial inclusion across gender.FindingsThere is a significant association between financial inclusion and gender in terms of ownership and usage. About 82% of males have reported having a bank account with financial institutions, whereas only 60% females have reported ownership of a bank account in Saudi Arabia. The ownership and usage of financial products are comparatively more among males than females. The analysis of the marginal effect of gender shows a significant and positive impact on financial inclusion, implying that males are 10 and 13% more likely to own and use financial products, respectively, as compared to females. Further, marginal effect estimates for ownership and usage for males and females indicate that a set of independent variables related to age, level of education, occupation and income level of the respondents have a significant impact on financial inclusion.Practical implicationsFinancial inclusion across gender is the first step of creating an inclusive society and empowering both males and females equally. Findings indicated an inclination of financial inclusion towards males. The research findings provide key policy insights for achieving the Vision 2030 of Saudi Arabia by strengthening gender inclusion in its growth story and ensuring the participation of females at workplaces.Originality/valueMost of the studies have included bank account ownership in a financial institution as an indicator of financial inclusion. The authors have included ownership and usage of a variety of financial products for assessing the determinants of financial inclusion across gender, which provides empirical evidence on the magnitude of financial inclusion.

An Ethnographic Study of Collaborative Fashion Consumption: The Case of Temporary Clothing Swapping

This is the first research that has examined temporary swapping, a form of collaborative fashion consumption, that involves clothing exchange between two people that does not require the transfer of product ownership or monetary compensation. In this ethnographic study, we explored benefits, risks, and the meanings constructed by eight women before, during, and after exchanging parts of their wardrobes with a swap partner. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs was used to organize the results of interpretation of participant diaries with photographs of swapped garments and created outfits over a six-month period. While the swapping experience addressed basic physiological needs and secured free resources (more clothing to wear) for all participants, the more advanced psychological (social, self-esteem) and personal growth needs (self-actualization, transcendence) were met for only some of them. Similarly, women perceived different risks (safety and self-esteem risks). Through a holistic interpretation of the results, we discovered two critical factors determining overall temporary swapping satisfaction and success: (1) closeness of the relationship between the swap partners and (2) participant love for clothes. Temporary swapping might play a critical role in the fashion marketplace transition to sustainable consumption practices because it provides a middle ground between product ownership and non-ownership and thus facilitates gradual dematerialization of consumer lifestyle.

Integrating blockchain into supply chain safeguarded by PUF-enabled RFID

Due to globalization, supply chain networks are moving towards higher complexity and becoming vulnerable to various kinds of attacks such as counterfeiting, information tampering, and so on. Appropriate approaches are necessary to tackle different types of attacks and to ensure the required supply chain security. In this paper, we have addressed the product counterfeiting issue using Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) enabled Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag. In this research, as a preferred alternative to the traditional centralized databases, blockchain technology has been leveraged to support anti-counterfeiting. Applying blockchain technology to supply chains can add many useful features such as decentralization, immutability, transparency, traceability, non-repudiation, complicated record-keeping, and so on. We have also used a reputation-based consensus algorithm for the blockchain which is less resource-intensive and thus will not indirectly impose additional cost on supply chain products. In the same research direction, we have devised our system architecture that is suitable for lightweight supply chain devices. The proposed three protocols namely: registration protocol, verification protocol, and transaction protocol along with the blockchain technology help to transfer the ownership of the authentic product and keep the sensitive supply chain information safe. An encryption-based secret sharing technique has also been introduced to assist data protection.

Observing Product Touch: The Vicarious Haptic Effect in Digital Marketing and Virtual Reality

Retail is rapidly evolving to construct virtual environments for consumers. Online product images, videos, and virtual reality (VR) interfaces enliven consumer experiences and are a source of product information. Because consumers are unable to physically touch products in these digital environments, this research examines vicarious touch, or the observation of a hand in physical contact with a product in a digital environment. Across eight studies, the authors use images, GIFs, and VR to show that vicarious touch affects consumers’ psychological ownership and product valuation due to the active nature of product touch, which results in a felt sense of body ownership of the virtual hand. This is termed the “vicarious haptic effect.” Results demonstrate that it is not enough to show a hand in an advertisement; the hand must be touching a product. The vicarious haptic effect is strongest for people who become highly stimulated by an immersive VR experience (i.e., measured via the elevation in heart rate). The vicarious haptic effect is attenuated if the viewed interaction does not represent a diagnostic hand movement. The authors discuss theoretical and managerial implications for digital product presentation to encourage feelings of product ownership and valuation.

It’s Gotta Be the Shoes! Performance Enhancement Effects of Novel Brand Advertising

We examine how brand advertising invokes a performance enhancement effect for owned brands that is purely advertising and brand driven and unrelated to material product differences, akin to a placebo effect. Using three field studies, we demonstrate that advertisers may selectively invoke the performance enhancement effect among owners of branded products through brand advertising. Our findings show that exposure to brand advertising can increase performance (i.e., exercise duration in our studies) in excess of 20%. Moreover, we show that brand advertising elicits this enhancement effect only when the target, owned brand is in use and that heightened motivation underlies this effect. Furthermore, the enhancement effect, while sizable, does not last into perpetuity. Instead, we show that consumers acclimate over extended periods of exposure to the brand advertising, consistent with psychological habituation theory. These findings point to the importance of ongoing, novel brand advertising over the product ownership life cycle.

Liaison Librarianship in Shiny Packages: An Exploration of Product Ownership in Academic Libraries

This column investigates the emerging role of the product owner (PO) – an individual tasked with ensuring that a specific service meets the needs of users – in academic libraries. It explores the PO role at the intersections of functional specialization, public services, and technical services, as well as from critical perspectives on gendered labor in librarianship. By examining how our library used the PO model to address pressing problems with our library’s institutional repository (IR), we demonstrate the value that the PO approach can bring to improving library products, especially when the PO is appropriately positioned to advocate for user needs. We also interrogate the overlap in responsibilities between the PO and liaison librarian and argue that the role of the product owner is a rebranding of the liaison librarianship model in an effort to make the emotional and relationship labor more masculinized. By emphasizing traditionally masculine work such as technology and innovation, the PO model allows libraries to market these specialized liaison librarian roles in ways that are more prestigious and aligned with corporate culture, while also downplaying traditionally feminized library work, such as service.