Ownership Model Research Articles

Analyzing Ownership Models and Their Effects on Aquaculture Productivity in Egypt

Analyzing Ownership Models and Their Effects on Aquaculture Productivity in Egypt

BIM/IFC-based 3D spatial model for condominium ownership: A case study of China

ABSTRACT As the number of high-density buildings has increased, the management of property with complex condominium ownership has become an ongoing challenge in property registration and management. The three-dimensional (3D) modeling of condominium ownership has emerged as an effective means of meeting this challenge and has attracted great attention from fields such as geographical information science, urban planning and management, and property administration. Much progress has been made in building 3D models of condominium ownership; however, existing studies are all on a case-by-case basis and have left some critical issues unsolved, such as vague ownership boundaries, spatial rights without physical counterparts, and the unfixed spatial extent. The purpose of this study is to construct a 3D building ownership model with multiple levels of detail in the context of Chinese law to overcome the defects of 3D models above. This 3D model is presented in a case study of China by subdividing ownership boundaries based on clarifying the internal structure of condominium ownership, embedding the apportionment mechanism, and integrating the semantics, attributes, and geometry associated with the physical and legal entity of the condominium. The proposed 3D model is implemented by extending Building Information Modeling (BIM) based on the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) and inheriting legal information from Land Administration Domain Model (LADM). In this study, examples of condominium ownership from three real legal dispute cases in China are analyzed and tested. The study clearly demonstrates that the proposed model can provide a better cognitive understanding of the legal space of property by rendering unambiguous ownership boundaries and presenting the spatial internal structure of ownership, which offers solid technical support for dealing with property registration and many legal dispute cases about condominium ownership.

The flow of corporate control in the global ownership network.

We propose a model and algorithm to measure the amount of influence a shareholder has over the flow of corporate control held by the ultimate owners. Existing models of corporate ownership and control either focus on the ultimate owners' influence or inadequately evaluate the influence possessed by intermediate shareholders in a ownership network. As it extends Network Power Index (NPI) that describes the the power of corporate control possessed by the ultimate owners, our new model, Network Power Flow (NPF), delineates the distribution of ownership influence among shareholders across the network and identifies the channels through which the ultimate owners' corporate control travel through the global shareholding network. Our analysis of NPI and NPF values for 7 million ultimate owners and 16 million shareholders reveals a new landscape of ownership and control in the global shareholding network that remained opaque before.

Transitional Domesticity: Collectivisation and Fractionalisation in Peer-to-Peer Digital Citizenry Learning from Socio-Innovations of Chinese-Asian Historical Contexts

Abstract Collectivisation, as a socio-innovation, is an incremental part of history that has much to teach on questions of asset commoning. Such notions can provide renewed perspectives in understanding today’s peer-to-peer (p2p) economy and its influence on housing ownership models, which are constituting new forms of domesticity. This study understands domesticity as processes of collectivisation and de-collectivisation, and questions its conceptualisation as universal and invariant. It compares the transitioning moments by which a new governing body is instituted within recent-historical Chinese-Asian contexts, including mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore. These moments were often postcolonial, full of changes, uncertainty, crisis, and anticipation; these contexts were unprecedented in scale, density, and cultural collision; in common, these were junctures of socio-innovation in land distribution that fashioned different forms of citizenry. By looking at these instances of innovation with situated thinking and against their historical–cultural backgrounds, the findings in this study reflect on the design of socio-technological systems, the potential consequences of our design interventions, and what “innovation” may mean given the complexity of transitional challenges. Putting together cosmopolitan and vernacular histories, the historiography presented is a collage of card game narratives, archived posters, news headlines, statistical figures, and literature. This journey through events of socio-innovation from the twentieth century till recent decades reveals how the history of governance has always been a question of cultivating collective actions, one way or another, and today’s p2p economy is simultaneously collectivising and fractionalising such socio-economic exchanges in digital citizenry.

Intercultural Frames of Bible Translation Ownership in DR Congo

The present paper offers an intercultural approach to the issue of Bible translation ownership in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). It examines Bible translation ownership models in a current culture (DRC), in past Church cultures, as well as in original Biblical cultures. After showing the similarity and the difference of ownership models between the chosen frames of reference, it suggests a way forward for effective ownership of the Bible translation process in DRC.

Explaining State Ownership in Listed Companies in Norway

This article aims to explain the considerable state ownership in listed companies in Norway (SOiN) at present. The extant literature has pointed to alleged national idiosyncrasies to explain this special feature of Norwegian capitalism. The main contribution of this article is a comparative perspective. It shows that most European countries have pursued selective protectionism (i.e., to secure national ownership in key companies). It also shows that financial capital was not crucial for selective protectionism. On this background, the article discusses why state ownership became the mode of selective protectionism in Norway. It argues that the main reason is that large private (often multinational) companies did not develop in the wake of the second Industrial Revolution. Another key reason is that a specific hybrid ownership model that was developed after 1945 became an available institutional solution for securing national ownership after 1990. A common ground and a compromise were found on this model, based both on trust and distrust toward the state: a trust in that the state could operate as a passive and private owner, and a corresponding distrust in the state as an active industrialist and owner.

Stamp Duty Reform and Home Ownership*

The NSW Government's 2020 proposal to replace stamp duty on all properties with an annual tax based on unimproved land values is estimated to increase home ownership by 6.6%, through changes in purchaser holding periods, a shift of tax burden from investors to owner‐occupiers and a relaxed deposit constraint. The model of home ownership highlights the importance of purchasers' holding periods, with implications for the effects of tax reforms, institutional ownership of rental properties and population growth. The paper provides an easily calibrated model of home purchases that could be used to quantify home ownership effects of various tax reforms.

The self and the Bayesian brain: Testing probabilistic models of body ownership through a self-localization task

Simple multisensory manipulations can induce the illusory misattribution of external objects to one's own body, allowing to experimentally investigate body ownership. In this context, body ownership has been conceptualized as the result of the online Bayesian optimal estimation of the probability that one object belongs to the body from the congruence of multisensory inputs. This idea has been highly influential, as it provided a quantitative basis to bottom-up accounts of self-consciousness. However, empirical evidence fully supporting this view is scarce, as the optimality of the putative inference process has not been assessed rigorously. This pre-registered study aimed at filling this gap by testing a Bayesian model of hand ownership based on spatial and temporal visuo-proprioceptive congruences. Model predictions were compared to data from a virtual-reality reaching task, whereby reaching errors induced by a spatio-temporally mismatching virtual hand have been used as an implicit proxy of hand ownership. To rigorously test optimality, we compared the Bayesian model versus alternative non-Bayesian models of multisensory integration, and independently assess unisensory components and compare them to model estimates. We found that individually measured values of proprioceptive precision correlated with those fitted from our reaching task, providing compelling evidence that the underlying visuo-proprioceptive integration process approximates Bayesian optimality. Furthermore, reaching errors correlated with explicit ownership ratings at the single individual and trial level. Taken together, these results provide novel evidence that body ownership, a key component of self-consciousness, can be truly described as the bottom-up, behaviourally optimal processing of multisensory inputs.

Different pasts, contested presents and desired futures: local narratives and identities in the co-production of a shared wind energy ownership model

ABSTRACT Previously, local actors have often had a stake in renewable energy projects through cooperative ownership and other variants of community energy configurations. However, the increase in project size and necessary investments as well as policy shifts towards auctions and “local energy” have made it difficult for communities to obtain a stake in such developments, while also increasing the potential for controversies. This article investigates the construction of a shared ownership model of a utility-scale wind farm by identifying three narratives presented by local actors and exposes how these narratives position them to shape the ownership configuration of the project to their advantage. We show how local actors’ stories construct the development in the local area as business as usual, tragic degradation or potentially an epic turn-around. These different constructions of the wind power project draw on different historical developments, construct different presents and envision different futures as a result of the proposed wind power project. Furthermore, we disentangle how these constructions and different perceptions of time employed by the actor groups legitimize different ownership structures and project configurations, thus co-producing the project and the trajectory of local development. We end by arguing that such narratives related to the (il)legitimacy of renewable energy projects are important for the ability to move the renewable energy transition forward in a just manner.

Getting the deal done—While managing process safety risk

AbstractHistorically, chemical complexes originated from a single company that developed a large site with significant infrastructure and diverse operating units. However, as corporate objectives change, companies frequently consider alternative business models such as mergers, acquisitions, leases, and licensing agreements. These deals (referred to as mergers and acquisitions [M&A] in this paper) often result in a shift from the single owner/operator structure toward other ownership, operating, and service provider models. These models can create substantial value; however, if not properly managed, they can also increase risk. Assessing these deals to manage process safety risk is challenging; deals are often confidential, the scope is sometimes fluid, and there is limited time to complete the process safety evaluations. If significant deal risks cannot be mitigated, concerns need to be elevated to upper management so they can be addressed before the deal is signed. Contract provisions may also be needed to clarify expectations and ensure continued safe operation. This paper discusses the challenges in assessing potential M&A deals from a process safety lens and describes a work process for engaging with the M&A team, conducting preliminary screening and more detailed assessments, communicating the results, and incorporating key agreements into the contract language.

Rethinking digital rights through systemic problems of communication

Introduction: Recent policy and expert debates surrounding problems in the digital environment have promoted different conceptualizations of digital rights. However, current problems of digital communication are often discussed separately from earlier debates pertaining to the democratization of the media. This article argues for the re-grounding of digital rights debates to address systemic communication problems. Methodology: Intended as a conceptual contribution, this article connects recent critical research on digital rights to the body of literature on democratic media activism through an analysis of problem representations. The article draws on the “What is the problem represented to be?” approach to study problem representations in the academic accounts of mobilizations and to identify common themes that describe systemic problems of communication. Results: The results identify problem representations that have emerged in and been defined by mobilizations over time and illustrate persistent themes with examples from the digital and mass media eras, including inequalities in the distribution of communicative resources, ownership and economic model of the communication system, and problems of participation and exclusion. Discussion: Focusing on problem representations enables identification of alternatives to current dominant discourses and offers grounds for collaboration at the nexus of activism and scholarship. Conclusions: Future research can benefit from a further dialogue between the framework of democratic media activism and rights-based approaches to the digital communication environment.

Unlocking the Power of Health Datasets and Registries: The Need for Urgent Institutional and National Ownership and Governance Regulations for Research Advancement

Health datasets have immense potential to drive research advancements and improve healthcare outcomes. However, realizing this potential requires careful consideration of governance and ownership frameworks. This article explores the importance of nurturing governance and ownership models that facilitate responsible and ethical use of health datasets for research purposes. We highlight the importance of adopting governance and ownership models that enable responsible and ethical utilization of health datasets and clinical data registries for research purposes. The article addresses the important local and international regulations related to the utilization of health data/medical records in research, and emphasizes the urgent need for developing clear institutional and national guidelines on data access, sharing, and utilization, ensuring transparency, privacy, and data protection. By establishing robust governance structures and fostering ownership among stakeholders, collaboration, innovation, and equitable access to health data can be promoted, ultimately unlocking its full power for transformative research and improving global health outcomes.

Site Analysis of Maritime Transportation Infrastructures by Using the Coastal Vulnerability Index Approach: The Case of Bodrum Peninsula

In this research, site locations of marina-type maritime transportation infrastructure (MTI) in the Bodrum Peninsula were analyzed using the coastal vulnerability index (CVI) approach. For the calculation of CVI, six parameters; coastal slope, relief, relative sea level change, shoreline erosion/accretion, mean tide range, and mean wave height were used in accordance with the method. After the data collected from different data sources were transferred into a geo-database, basic geographical information systems analyses were applied (reclass, buffer, subset, slope, overlay, classify, count, map algebra, etc.). CVI results have been presented as maps and tabular values using a scale of 1 (Very Low) to 5 (Very High). Thus, the vulnerability level of the MTI site locations was determined. According to the determined results, it was founded that, Ortakent and Turgutreis were Very High (red-5); Yalıkavak, Milta and Kale MTIs are High (orange-4); Cruise Port, Gumbet and Bitez were found to have Moderate (yellow-3) CVI values. In this research, the CVI approach was applied by evaluating the physical site location characteristics of marina-type MTI, for the first time applied in the Bodrum Peninsula, where there is a high density of marina. For adaptation strategies for existing MTIs, more investigations should be realized from the functional, economic, social, and ecosystem points of view. From the managerial point of view, it can be said that small marinas or municipal berthing facilities with a state ownership model are advised to work together with other marinas in the region if they exist. The CVI-methodology should also utilize for the site selection of any type of maritime transportation infrastructure.

Assessing Governance Structures in State-owned Enterprises using Transaction Cost Economics’ Dimensionalisation

This paper illustrates how Transaction Cost Economics’ (TCE) dimensionalisation, a governance structure comparative analysis tool, may be used in assessing corporate governance structures. To illustrate, this paper assesses the governance structures of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in South Africa and Singapore, two countries deploying different governance structures for organising SOEs. A proposition was developed in line with dimensionalisation to assess the organising models. The proposition is that SOEs organised using a bilateral governance structure are expected to perform better than those organised using a unified governance structure – since the attributes and characteristics of transactions/contracts are semi-strong in the bilateral structure, according to TCE. Findings appear to support the proposition, indicating that SOEs organised in a bilateral governance structure perform better relative to those that are organised under unified governance. Keywords: dimensionalisation, organising models, ownership models, state-owned enterprises, transaction cost economics (TCE)

Development and Assessment of a Social Media-Based Construct of Firearm Ownership: Computational Derivation and Benchmark Comparison.

Gun violence research is characterized by a dearth of data available for measuring key constructs. Social media data may offer a potential opportunity to significantly reduce that gap, but developing methods for deriving firearms-related constructs from social media data and understanding the measurement properties of such constructs are critical precursors to their broader use. This study aimed to develop a machine learning model of individual-level firearm ownership from social media data and assess the criterion validity of a state-level construct of ownership. We used survey responses to questions on firearm ownership linked with Twitter data to construct different machine learning models of firearm ownership. We externally validated these models using a set of firearm-related tweets hand-curated from the Twitter Streaming application programming interface and created state-level ownership estimates using a sample of users collected from the Twitter Decahose application programming interface. We assessed the criterion validity of state-level estimates by comparing their geographic variance to benchmark measures from the RAND State-Level Firearm Ownership Database. We found that the logistic regression classifier for gun ownership performs the best with an accuracy of 0.7 and an F1-score of 0.69. We also found a strong positive correlation between Twitter-based estimates of gun ownership and benchmark ownership estimates. For states meeting a threshold requirement of a minimum of 100 labeled Twitter users, the Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients are 0.63 (P<.001) and 0.64 (P<.001), respectively. Our success in developing a machine learning model of firearm ownership at the individual level with limited training data as well as a state-level construct that achieves a high level of criterion validity underscores the potential of social media data for advancing gun violence research. The ownership construct is an important precursor for understanding the representativeness of and variability in outcomes that have been the focus of social media analyses in gun violence research to date, such as attitudes, opinions, policy stances, sentiments, and perspectives on gun violence and gun policy. The high criterion validity we achieved for state-level gun ownership suggests that social media data may be a useful complement to traditional sources of information on gun ownership such as survey and administrative data, especially for identifying early signals of changes in geographic patterns of gun ownership, given the immediacy of the availability of social media data, their continuous generation, and their responsiveness. These results also lend support to the possibility that other computationally derived, social media-based constructs may be derivable, which could lend additional insight into firearm behaviors that are currently not well understood. More work is needed to develop other firearms-related constructs and to assess their measurement properties.

Towards failed renewable energy communities? Activist attempts to change market conditions in the Danish wind energy market

Denmark is known for its bottom-up, participatory approach to developing renewable energy communities, and yet wind power has become ‘big business’ in Denmark and other countries, a market affair for large, private renewable energy companies. Drawing on the performative perspective on markets, this paper examines a non-governmental organization's (NGO's) attempts to innovate the market for wind power deployment in Denmark, to include renewable energy communities. Based on document analysis as well as qualitative analysis of interviews and observations, conducted from 2015 to 2020, we highlight what has shaped a paradigm shift in wind power development – from a cooperative and community-based approach to one based on market competition. With this as a backdrop, we analyse two ‘episodes’ – the first one took place before the introduction of competition-based tenders, and the second one occurred after it – where the NGO proposes two alternative market devices to reframe the market for wind power production, i.e., an alternative ownership model, and alternative evaluation criteria for winning bids in the tendering scheme. Both attempts failed and are illustrative of how agency is stymied in, and through, the dynamic interactions taking place within the market assemblage. Our findings show how market devices matter, i.e., how opportunities for successful collective action expand or contract depending on how the market is framed. By directing attention to market devices, we emphasize the ways in which politics and political action are made possible, augmenting research on the power and politics of energy transitions.

The geopolitical economy of an undermined energy transition: The case of Jordan

For resource-poor countries in the MENA, the expansion of renewables represents a unique chance to overcome established geopolitical dependencies, develop employment opportunities, and pursue a long-term strategy of domestic energy security. While, in 2018, Jordan was declared one of the top three emerging markets globally for clean energy investment, in 2019, efforts at transition had come to a temporary halt. Jordanian attempts at energy transition were motivated by concerns for energy security, rather than sustainability. Whereas energy security and transition to renewables initially seemed to coincide, technical restraints and a renewed turn to fossil fuels have undermined efforts at transition, seemingly boosting energy security on the short-term, but compromising it on the long-run. We argue that the case of Jordan illustrates how domestic and regional political and economic drivers may undermine efforts at energy transition, deepen established dependencies, and transform renewables’ distributed nature into concentrated forms of power. By zooming in on key entry points for energy flows into Jordan, we explore what dynamics are (re-)energised, and which ones undermined. Finally, we suggest decentralised renewables, communal ownership models, and the empowerment of marginalised municipal authorities as means to strengthen inclusive and participatory practices and overcome fossil fuel dependencies.

Fleet Ownership Model for Mineral Export Products Concerning Indonesia’s Downstream Mineral Policy: A Case Study of Copper Ore Exports

Indonesia’s copper ore has a contribution of 3% in the world’s copper ore needs and has rank of the 5th largest export of mining materials after briquette, kerosene, coal, and crude oil. According to Mineral and Coal Mining Law Number 4 of 2009 that raw materials of mining products have been prohibited to be exported including copper ore due to increasing the value of mineral export products. Thus, it would affect to the current copper ore shipment, which should firstly be processed by smelter to be work-in-process products, namely cathodes. In order to comply with the downstream policy, this study aimed to select the optimum vessel used for delivering copper ores to smelter as well as to define the minimum unit cost for transporting cathodes from smelter to importing countries. The method of non-linear programming was used to produce the minimum unit cost of transport for these three scenarios of fleet ownership model: (1) charter vessel, (2) new shipbuilding vessel, (3) second-hand vessel. The results obtained that the selected domestic ship was a new shipbuilding scenario with the type of bulk carrier, transporting copper ores from site to smelter. Meanwhile, the selected export ship was a voyage charter scenario with the type of general cargo vessel, delivering cathodes from smelter to importing countries.

Бенефициарные собственники и эрозия унитарной модели собственности

The article analyses legal constructs, in which the owner exercises the right in the interests of another person (beneficiary). The author aims to describe the beneficiary’s position and to fit these constructs into unitary property model, typical for Russian legal system, which would exclusively endow the owner with the most complete power over the property. The numerus clausus approach, which represents the reverse side of the unitary ownership model appear to be controversial and is disputed. There is another proposed approach of explaining the beneficiary’s position by providing the beneficiary with some unnamed property right. It is specified, however, that such an approach is possible only if the numerus apertus of property rights is recognised.

The value of values: Sufficiency among single‐person businesses in the United States

AbstractAccording to the cultural consensus model of business ownership in the United States, business entities seek to grow both in organization size and in revenues. To borrow the framing used by Patrick Bigger and Morgan Robertson (2017), business firms create value for their owners and/or shareholders through growth and maximization of profit, but the underlying societal value of business growth is the foundational semiotic value of the orderly conduct of US society, which, it could be argued, flows from the moralized, economic value (Braverman, [1974] 1998) of human material well‐being. In this article, I examine nonemployer (single‐person) businesses in the context of the economic values of capitalism and the fundamental societal values underlying the capitalist values. In doing so, I ask: What is the noneconomic value contributed to the United States by its 27 million nonemployer business firms? What value does the operation of a nonemployer business firm offer to its owner? My research suggests that nonemployer business firms, through practices of sufficiency, create both economic and social value for their owners. Their foundational societal semiotic value is self‐produced, material self‐sufficiency, which flows from the almost‐mythically American values of independence, freedom, and humility.