Overweight Middle-aged Women Research Articles

Association between baseline meniscal extrusion on MRI and long-term incident knee osteoarthritis in two different cohorts

Purpose: Previously, we identified a significant association between baseline meniscal extrusion and the short-term incidence of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). To validate these findings, we now evaluated the long-term incidence of KOA in knees with baseline meniscal extrusion, using two different cohorts. Methods: We used data from the PROOF study, a preventive RCT which evaluated a high-risk population of 407 middle-aged overweight women (BMI ≥ 27 kg/m2), and a subcohort of the Rotterdam Study (RS), a prospective population-based cohort study. Meniscal extrusion was defined as grade 2 or 3 according to the MOAKS criteria (≥ 3 mm). The primary outcome measure was incident radiographic or clinical KOA, assessed at 6.6 years (PROOF) and 5.1 years (RS). Radiographic incidence was defined as Kellgren and Lawrence (KL) ≥ grade 2 in knees with KL < 2 at baseline. Incident clinical KOA was defined fulfilling the ACR criteria at follow-up, without clinical KOA at baseline. With generalized estimating equations, we determined the association of knees with and without baseline meniscal extrusion and incident KOA, adjusted for the baseline differences. Furthermore, we computed the population attributable risk percentage (PAR%) of meniscal extrusion for both outcomes in both cohorts. Results: In PROOF, 437 knees were available for analysis of which 23% had baseline meniscal extrusion. There were statistically significant baseline differences between knees with and without meniscal extrusion regarding age, history of knee injury, varus alignment, strength quadriceps muscle, Heberden’s nodes, osteophytes, bone marrow lesions (BML) and meniscal pathologies. Incident radiographic KOA after 6.6 years was borderline significantly higher in knees with meniscal extrusion compared to those without (31% vs. 10%, adjusted OR 1.95, 95% CI 0.95, 3.98, PAR 11%). Incident clinical KOA was significantly higher (25% vs. 14%, adjusted OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.19, 4.59, PAR 18%). In the RS cohort, 890 knees were available for analysis of which 46% had baseline meniscal extrusion. There were significant baseline differences regarding BML, osteophytes and meniscal pathologies. Incidence of radiographic KOA after 5.1 years was significantly higher in knees with extrusion (8% vs 2%, adjusted OR 2.54, 95% CI 1.12, 5.76, PAR 30%). Incidence of clinical KOA was borderline significantly higher (6% vs. 2%, adjusted OR 2.05, 95% CI 0.9, 4.65, PAR 31%). Conclusions: Baseline meniscal extrusion is largely independently associated with the long-term incidence of both radiographic and clinical KOA, providing validation for our previous results after short-term follow-up. A high number of incident cases were attributable to meniscal extrusion.

Factors associated with longitudinal change of meniscal extrusion in overweight women without clinical signs of knee osteoarthritis

Purpose: Previously, we showed a significant and largely independent association between meniscal extrusion and incident knee osteoarthritis (KOA). With the present study, we aimed to identify variables associated with longitudinal change in meniscal extrusion, which might be used as possible targets for prevention of developing KOA. Methods: We used data from the PROOF trial, a preventive RCT which evaluated a high-risk population of 407 middle-aged overweight women (BMI ≥ 27 kg/m2). Meniscal extrusion was assessed on the mid-coronal slice of an MRI which were performed at baseline and after 30 months follow-up. Outcomes were the absolute change in meniscal extrusion (mm) or the absolute change in relative extrusion (%), evaluated for the medial as well as the lateral meniscus. Relative extrusion was calculated by dividing the meniscal extrusion by the width of the meniscus. Based upon literature, several factors were hypothesized to be associated with longitudinal change in meniscal extrusion, including baseline age, BMI, postmenopausal status, malalignment, quadriceps strength, physical activity, meniscal tears, having a past of knee injury and the presence of Heberden’s nodes and change in BMI over 30 months. Linear GEE models were used to model the effect of these covariates on the absolute change in extrusion. Separate models were used for the change in lateral and medial extrusion. An unstructured covariate matrix was used. Furthermore, models were made for the change in relative meniscal extrusion following the same procedure. Lastly, all these models were adjusted for tibial width, to take the difference in knee size into account. Results: For 343 subjects, sufficient MRI data were available for analysis. A 5 kg/m2increase in BMI resulted in an increase of medial extrusion of 0.16 mm (95% CI: 0.05, 0.26). The other factors included in the model were not significantly associated with a change in medial extrusion after 30 months. The model for lateral meniscal extrusion showed that an increase in BMI of 1 kg/m2in 30 months was associated with an increase of lateral meniscal extrusion of 0.07 mm (95% CI: 0.04, 0.11). None of the other factors included in the model influenced the change in lateral extrusion after 30 months. Adjusting for tibial width did not influence the results. The model for change in relative medial meniscal width only resulted in a significant increase of relative meniscal extrusion after 30 months of 2.9% (95 % CI: 1.15, 4.65) per 5 kg/m2. No other significant changes in relative medial extrusion were found. Relative lateral extrusion was increased by 0.57% (95% CI: 0.26, 0.88) with an increase in BMI of 1 kg/m2in 30 months. Adjusting for tibial width did not result in a change of significance. Conclusions: Baseline BMI and change of BMI over time were associated with change in meniscal extrusion of the medial and lateral meniscus, respectively. BMI therefore might be used as a target for reducing extrusion and by that decelerate the development of KOA. None of the other assessed variables showed significant results, which is quite remarkable given the findings of previous studies.

Age and leptinemia association with anxiety and depression symptoms in overweight middle-aged women.

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of menopause and of postmenopausal stages on depression and anxiety symptoms, and whether these symptoms associate with anthropometric, metabolic, and hormonal parameters in midlife women. Postmenopausal women (age 50-65), either at early (EPM, n=33) or late (LPM, n = 23) postmenopause, and 23 premenopausal controls (PreM, age 40-50), matched for BMI with the PM groups, were studied. Blood biochemical and hormonal determinations, bioimpedance anthropometry, and depression and anxiety symptoms (Beck's depression [BDI] and anxiety [BAI] inventories) were conducted. The BAI score was higher in both PM groups than in the PreM group. In contrast, only the LPM group showed a significantly elevated BDI score. All groups presented overweight and abdominal obesity, having similar BMI and waist/hip ratio values. Both PM groups showed insulin resistance, whereas only the LPM group presented decreased skeletal muscle mass and basal metabolic rate. Correlation analysis, including all 79 middle-aged women, showed age, percentage body fat, waist/hip ratio, and leptinemia to correlate positively with the anxiety and depression scores. Multivariate regression showed leptin and age to associate positively with depressive- and anxious-like symptoms. Postmenopausal women presented impaired body composition, energy expenditure, insulin sensitivity, and mental symptoms, in comparison to similarly overweight premenopausal women. Among all the overweight midlife women, these symptoms were more strongly associated with age and leptin levels than with reproductive aging itself. The data indicate that, among overweight middle-aged women with abdominal obesity, the aging process and the development of leptin resistance are associated with impairment of mental health.

Predictors of physical activity-related energy expenditure among overweight and obese middle-aged women in south of Iran: An application of social cognitive theory

AimsThis study aimed to determine the predictors of physical activity (PA) behavior in obese and overweight women in Borazjan district, south of Iran based on social cognitive theory (SCT). MethodsThis cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study was conducted on 398 obese or overweight middle-aged women referring to comprehensive health centers in Borazjan city. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version-22 and descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. ResultsBased on Pearson correlation analysis, the constructs of SCT including self-efficacy, self-regulation, outcome-expectations and perceived social-support from family and friends were related to physical activity behavior and energy expenditure. The multiple regression model showed self-efficacy and self-regulation were the most important predictors of PA behavior (R2 = 0.217). Self-efficacy predicted PA behavior in both obese and overweight women and self-regulation in obese women and perceived social-support from friends in overweight women, also was predictors. ConclusionConsidering the results of the study that showed differences in predictive constructs of PA between two groups of overweight and obese women, it can be used to design and develop educational interventions to encourage overweight and obese women to do more PA and enhance their health status throughout a more active lifestyle.

Effects of 8 Weeks of Ballet Exercise and Vinegar Intake on Immune Function Factors of Overweight Middle-aged Women

Effects of 8 Weeks of Ballet Exercise and Vinegar Intake on Immune Function Factors of Overweight Middle-aged Women

Intake of Saturated Fatty Acids Affects Atherogenic Blood Properties in Young, Caucasian, Overweight Women Even without Influencing Blood Cholesterol.

Despite a general relation between fat intake and cardiovascular risk factors, the association is often not observed in studies conducted in heterogenic populations, as for population groups, it may differ. The aim of the study was to analyze the associations between dietary fat intake and lipoprotein cholesterol fractions, as well as atherogenic blood properties, in young and middle-aged overweight Caucasian women. In a group of 138 overweight women, the three-day dietary records were assessed, under-reporters were excluded, and lipoprotein cholesterol fractions were analyzed. For the included 24 young (aged 20–40) and 42 middle-age women (aged 40–60), the intakes of fat, saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and cholesterol, as well as the PUFA/SFA ratio, were assessed. Afterwards, the analysis of associations with blood levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglyceride, as well as the TC/HDL ratio, HDL/LDL, ratio and Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), were conducted. It was stated that the influence of the dietary fat level on lipoprotein cholesterol fractions as well as atherogenic blood properties in overweight Caucasian women is age dependent. For young, overweight, Caucasian women, the influence of the dietary fat level on the lipoprotein cholesterol fractions was not observed; however, SFA intake influenced atherogenic blood properties. For middle-aged, overweight, Caucasian women, the PUFA intake had an especially important influence in increasing the HDL cholesterol level. For overweight Caucasian women, not only should lipoprotein cholesterol fractions be controlled, but also the AIP calculated—especially for younger women.

A machine learning approach for the identification of new biomarkers for knee osteoarthritis development in overweight and obese women.

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is among the higher contributors to global disability. Despite its high prevalence, currently, there is no cure for this disease. Furthermore, the available diagnostic approaches have large precision errors and low sensitivity. Therefore, there is a need for new biomarkers to correctly identify early knee OA. We have created an analytics pipeline based on machine learning to identify small models (having few variables) that predict the 30-months incidence of knee OA (using multiple clinical and structural OA outcome measures) in overweight middle-aged women without knee OA at baseline. The data included clinical variables, food and pain questionnaires, biochemical markers (BM) and imaging-based information. All the models showed high performance (AUC>0.7) while using only a few variables. We identified both the importance of each variable within the models as well its direction. Finally, we compared the performance of two models with the state-of-the-art approaches available in the literature. We showed the potential of applying machine learning to generate predictive models for the knee OA incidence. Imaging-based information were found particularly important in the proposed models. Furthermore, our analysis confirmed the relevance of known BM for knee OA. Overall, we propose five highly predictive small models that can be possibly adopted for an early prediction of knee OA.

Molecular hydrogen affects body composition, metabolic profiles, and mitochondrial function in middle-aged overweight women.

Molecular hydrogen (H2) effectively treats obesity-related disorders in animal models, yet no studies have investigated the effectiveness and safety of H2 for improving biomarkers of obesity in humans. In this double blind, placebo-controlled, crossover pilot trial, we evaluated the effects of H2 intervention on body composition, hormonal status, and mitochondrial function in ten (n=10) middle-aged overweight women. Volunteers received either hydrogen-generating minerals (supplying ~6ppm of H2 per day) or placebo by oral administration of caplets for 4weeks. The primary end-point of treatment efficacy was the change in the body fat percentage from baseline to 4weeks. In addition, assessment of other body composition indices, screening laboratory studies, and evaluation of side effects were performed before and at follow-up. Clinical trial registration www.clinicaltrials.gov , ID number NCT02832219. No significant differences were observed between treatment groups for changes in weight, body mass index, and body circumferences at 4-week follow-up (P>0.05). H2 treatment significantly reduced body fat percentage (3.2 vs. 0.9%, P=0.05) and arm fat index (9.7 vs. 6.0%, P=0.01) compared to placebo administration, respectively. This was accompanied by a significant drop in serum triglycerides after H2 intervention comparing to placebo (21.3 vs. 6.5%; P=0.04), while other blood lipids remained stable during the study (P>0.05). Fasting serum insulin levels dropped by 5.4% after H2 administration, while placebo intervention augmented insulin response by 29.3% (P=0.01). It appears that orally administered H2 as a blend of hydrogen-generating minerals might be a beneficial agent in the management of body composition and insulin resistance in obesity.

Baseline meniscal extrusion associated with incident knee osteoarthritis after 30 months in overweight and obese women.

To investigate the association between baseline meniscal extrusion and the incidence of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) after 30 months in a high-risk population of overweight and obese women, free of clinical and radiological KOA at baseline. 407 middle-aged overweight women (body mass index - BMI≥27kg/m2) were evaluated at baseline and after 30 months of follow-up. Meniscal extrusion was defined as grade ≥2 on MRI according to MRI Osteoarthritis Knee Score (MOAKS). The primary outcome measure was KOA after 30 months follow-up, defined using the following criteria: either incidence of radiographic KOA (Kellgren & Lawrence grade 2 or higher), or clinical osteoarthritis (OA) according to the American College of Radiology (ACR) criteria, or medial or lateral joint space narrowing (JSN) of ≥1.0mm. Using generalized estimating equations (GEE), we determined the association between knees with and without meniscal extrusion and both outcomes, corrected for the baseline differences. 640 knees were available at baseline of which 24% (153) had meniscal extrusion. There was a significantly higher incidence of KOA according to the primary outcome measure in women with meniscal extrusion compared to those without extrusion (28.8%, odds ratio - OR 2.39, 95% CI 1.53, 3.73). A significantly higher incidence was found for the development of radiographic KOA (12.4%, OR 2.61, 95% CI 1.11, 6.13) and medial JSN (11.8%, OR 3.19, 95% CI 1.59, 6.41). Meniscal extrusion was not significantly associated with clinical KOA and lateral JSN. Meniscal extrusion was associated with a significantly higher incidence of KOA, providing an interesting target for early detection of individuals at risk for developing KOA.

Prevention of Incident Knee Osteoarthritis by Moderate Weight Loss in Overweight and Obese Females.

This study evaluated the effect of moderate weight loss on the incidence of knee osteoarthritis (OA) in middle-aged overweight and obese women, without clinical and radiologic knee OA at baseline. A total of 353 women (87%) with followup data available were selected from the Prevention of Knee Osteoarthritis in Overweight Females study, which evaluated the preventive effect of a diet and exercise intervention and of oral glucosamine sulfate on the incidence of knee OA. This was an exploratory proof-of-concept analysis, which compared the incidence of knee OA between women who reached the clinically relevant weight loss target of 5 kg or 5% of body weight after 30 months and those who did not reach this target. The weight loss group showed a significantly lower incidence of knee OA according to the primary outcome measure, which was composed of the American College of Rheumatology criteria (clinical and radiographic), Kellgren/Lawrence grade ≥2, and joint space narrowing ≥1.0 mm (15% versus 20%; odds ratio 0.5, 95% confidence interval 0.3-0.9). Moreover, the weight loss also positively affected several health measures, such as blood glucose level, body fat percentage, and blood pressure. A reduction of ≥5 kg or 5% of body weight over a 30-month period reduces the risk for the onset of radiographic knee OA in middle-aged overweight and obese women. Because of the slow progression of the disease, a longer followup period will be necessary before the number of prevented cases of knee OA by moderate weight loss becomes clinically more relevant.

Effect of 12 Weeks of Intensive Interval and Combined Training on Apolipoprotein A and B, Visfatin and Insulin Resistance in Overweight Middle-Aged Women with Type 2 Diabetes

Aims: Probabely through improvements in the levels of apolipoproteins (ApoA and ApoB) and visfatin, the sport activities helps to reduce the risks of cardiovascular diseases in the diabetic persons. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of intensive interval and combined trainings on the levels of ApoA and ApoB, visfatin, and insulin resistance in the middle-aged women with Type II diabetes. Materials & Methods: In the semi-experimental study, 52 middle-aged female patients with Type II diabetes were studied in Shahr-e-Kord in 2015. The subjects, selected by convenience sampling method, were randomly divided into three groups, incluing simultaneous strength-endurance training, interval intensive training, and control groups. 12-week trainings, composed of three endurance training sessions per week with 60% of maximum heart rate and two resistance training sessions per week with 70% of one maximum repetition, were done in strength-endurance group. Three training sessions per week with 4-10 repetition of 30-second Wingate test on the ergometer were conducted in interval intensive training group with maximum effort. Data was analyzed by SPSS 21 software using dependent T test, covariance analysis, and LSD test. Findings: At the post-test stage and following interval intensive trainings, ApoA reduction (p=0.03) and ApoB/ApoA (p=0.01) were significant. However, no significant difference was observed in combined group. The levels of visfatin and serum insulin and insulin resistance index significantly decreased in both training groups (p<0.01). Conclusion: The interval intensive trainings further affect the levels of blood apolipoprotein, visfatin, and insulin resistance in the middle-aged women with Type II diabetes, than the combined endurance-resistance trainings.

Comparative Effects of Interval Nordic Walking and Normal Walking in Overweight Middle-Aged Women

Comparative Effects of Interval Nordic Walking and Normal Walking in Overweight Middle-Aged Women

Executive Functions Correlated with Body Mass Index in Overweight Middle-Aged Women

The impacts of excess Body mass index (BMI) on physical health are well known and widely studied, but little is known about the consequences of being overweight or obese on cognitive function. The aim of this study was to correlate the BMI with executive functions in overweight middle- aged women. Seventy overweight middle-aged women between 48 and 64 years of age who are otherwise healthy participated in the study. Demographic and anthropometric variables were evaluated. Four standard neuropsychological tests were applied to assess executive functions, sustained attention, selective attention, and verbal fluency. The mean BMI of the participants was 29.35 and was negatively correlated with categories reached (r = -0.41, p = 0.007) and positively correlated with the number of errors (r = 0.43, p = 0.005) of executive function test. Scores of other neuropsychological tests applied showed no correlation with BMI. These findings suggest that BMI impacts the executive functions in overweight women who do not present any signs of disease.

Fibulin-3 fragments are prognostic biomarkers of osteoarthritis incidence in overweight and obese women

To determine the association between three fibulin-3 peptides and the incidence of radiographic and clinical knee osteoarthritis (OA). Women between 50 and 60 years, with a BMI ≥27kg/m(2), free of knee OA, were recruited. Using binary logistic regression, the association between baseline concentration of serum fibulin (Fib)3-1, Fib3-2 and Fib3-3 and incidence of clinical and radiographic knee OA after 30 months of follow-up was evaluated. Baseline and follow-up measurements were available for 241 women with a mean age of 55.9±3.2 years and mean BMI of 31.7±3.6kg/m(2). None of the concentrations of the three Fib3 epitopes were associated with the incidence of medial or lateral joint space narrowing (JSN) ≥1.0mm or the incidence of Kellgren & Lawrence (K&L) grade ≥2 after 30 months. All three Fib3 epitopes were associated with the incidence of the clinical and radiographic ACR-criteria and Fib3-1 and Fib3-3 also with chronic pain at follow-up. When adjusted for the other Fib3 peptide concentrations, only Fib3-1 was significantly associated to the incidence of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR)-criteria (OR 3.2 [1.2-8.7]) and chronic pain at follow-up (OR 3.0 [1.2-7.7]). Baseline fibulin-3 concentrations are associated with the incidence of clinical knee OA among middle-aged overweight and obese women. Therewith, they meet the criteria of a prognostic biomarker according to the BIPED biomarker classification for OA. Further validation of the fibulin-3 epitopes seems warranted in order to better distinguish subgroups of individuals at increased risk for knee OA development.

Exercise training at the maximal fat oxidation intensity improved health-related physical fitness in overweight middle-aged women

Background/ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that exercise training at the maximal fat oxidation (FATmax) intensity would improve the health-related physical fitness in overweight middle-aged women. MethodsThirty women (45–59 years old and BMI 28.2 ± 1.8 kg/m2) were randomly allocated into the Exercise and Control groups. Body composition, FATmax, predicted maximal oxygen uptake, heart function during submaximal exercise, stroke volume, left ventricular ejection fraction, trunk muscle strength, and body flexibility were measured before and after the experimental period. ResultsFollowing the 10 weeks of supervised exercise training, the Exercise group achieved significant improvements in body composition, cardiovascular function, skeletal muscle strength, and body flexibility; whereas there were no changes in these variables of the Control group. There was also no significant change in daily energy intake for all participants before and after the interventions. ConclusionThe 10-week FATmax intensity training is an effective treatment to improve health-related physical fitness in overweight middle-aged women.

Association of urinary biomarker COLL2-1NO2 with incident clinical and radiographic knee OA in overweight and obese women

To investigate the association between urinary biomarker Coll2-1NO2 (uColl2-1NO2) and incident knee OA after 2.5 years follow-up in middle-aged overweight and obese women at high risk for knee osteoarthritis (OA). Data were used from PROOF, a randomized controlled trial with 2.5 years follow-up evaluating the preventive effects of a diet and exercise program and oral glucosamine sulphate (double blind and placebo controlled), on development of incident knee OA in women with body mass index ≥ 27 kg/m(2) without signs of knee OA at baseline. Baseline and 2.5 years uColl2-1NO2 concentrations were assessed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Primary outcome measure was incidence of knee OA in one or both knees, defined as incidence of either Kellgren & Lawrence grade ≥2, joint space narrowing of ≥1.0 mm or knee OA according to the combined clinical and radiographic ACR-criteria. We used binary logistic regression for the association analyses. 254 women were available for analyses. At 2.5 years follow-up, incident knee OA was present in 72 of 254 women (28.3%). An inversed association was found between baseline uColl2-1NO2 and incident knee OA at 2.5 years (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.55-0.99). The concentration at 2.5 years and the change in concentration over 2.5 years did not show significant associations with the outcome. In overweight and obese middle-aged women, not higher but lower baseline uColl2-1NO2 concentration was significantly associated with an increased risk for incident knee OA. This interesting but counterintuitive outcome makes further validation of this biomarker warranted.

Circuit Training이 비만중년여성의 여성호르몬, 혈중지질에 미치는 영향

This study is supposed to offer data related to whether circulation training(aerobic and anaerobic exercise) focused on overweight women has positive effects on reducing fat and increasing muscles for middle-aged women. This study aims to investigate how the circulation training effect overweight middle-aged women's female hormone, blood lipid, which offers basic data of exercise program to keep the overweight middle-aged women healthy. Participants for the study are 30 to 45-year-women who were willing to take part in a M Sports Diet Program in G gu, B metropolitan city, did not have any disease. They were 29 overweight women and showed more than 30% of body fat percentage. Female hormone, blood lipid were measured twice before and in 12 weeks after exercise. The results obtained from this study are given as in the following. Although estrogen has significantly increased after the circulation training, there was no meaningful difference from the control group. After 12-weeks-circulation training, even though there were no meaningful differences. before the training, the circulation training group was significantly higher than the control group. Although TC has significantly decreased after the circulation training, there was no meaningful difference from the control group. the circulation training group was significantly lower than the control group. Even though TG was no significantly decreased after the circulation training, there was no significantly difference from the control group. the circulation training group was significantly lower than the control group. Even though HDL-C has significantly increased after the circulation training, there was no meaningful difference from the control group. the circulation training group was significantly higher than the control group. Even though LDL-C has significantly decreased after the circulation training, there was no significantly difference from the control group. the circulation training group was significantly lower than the control group.

Positive effect of exercise training at maximal fat oxidation intensity on body composition and lipid metabolism in overweight middle-aged women.

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that 10 weeks of supervised exercise training at the maximal fat oxidation (FATmax) intensity would improve important variables of body composition and lipid metabolism in overweight middle-aged women. A longitudinal study design was employed to evaluate the effects of FATmax exercise training. Thirty women (45-59 years old; BMI 28·2 ± 1·8 kg m(-2) ; body fat 38·9 ± 4·1%) were randomly allocated into the Exercise and Control groups, n = 15 in each group. Body composition, FATmax, predicted VO2 max, lipid profile, plasma lipoprotein lipase activity and serum leptin concentration were measured before and after the experimental period. The Exercise group was trained at the individualized FATmax intensity, 5 days per week and 1 h per day for 10 weeks. No diet control was introduced during the experimental period for all participants. Exercise group obtained significant decreases in body mass, BMI, body fat % and abdominal fat mass, as well as the concentrations of triglycerides, serum leptin and blood glucose. The activity of lipoprotein lipase was increased in trained participants. There were no changes in these variables in the Control group. In addition, there was no significant change in daily energy intake for all participants before and after the experimental period. In conclusion, the 10-week FATmax exercise training achieved improvements in body composition and lipid metabolism in overweight middle-aged women. This result suggests FATmax is an effective exercise training intensity for obesity treatment.

Antihypertensive potential of combined extracts of olive leaf, green coffee bean and beetroot: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial.

Extracts of olive leaf, green coffee bean and beetroot may deliver cardiovascular benefits. This study sought to evaluate the effects of regularly consuming a combination of these extracts on blood pressure (BP), arterial compliance, blood lipids, blood glucose and insulin sensitivity. A double-blind randomised placebo-controlled crossover trial was conducted in adults with untreated high normal or borderline elevated BP. They were randomised to take an active supplement, comprising 500 mg olive leaf extract, 100 mg green coffee bean extract and 150 mg beet powder, or a matching placebo twice daily for six weeks, followed by the alternate supplement for a further six weeks. Assessments of 24-h ambulatory BP (ABP), clinic BP arterial compliance (pulse-wave analysis), blood lipids, blood glucose and insulin were obtained at baseline and at the end of each treatment phase. Baseline clinic BP in 37 overweight middle-aged men and women who completed the trial averaged 145/84 mmHg. There was no significant effect of treatment on ABP or any other outcome measure. The failure to confirm prior evidence of the antihypertensive benefits of these extracts emphasises the importance of placebo control and the value of ABP monitoring. Further dose-response evaluation of olive leaf, green coffee bean or beetroot extracts is required to confirm or refute the purported benefits.

P.8.b.015 Mood stabilizers in the treatment of impulsive behavioral dyscontrol in borderline personality disorder: a systematic review

reduction of BMI (p< 0.05) was measured between t0 and t1, however body weight remained static over the 6-week period. The power of the test was, however, quite low (14.2%). Conclusions: Our results suggest that magnesium citrate supply is useful in promoting adherence to a hypocaloric diet, in terms of reduction in BMI, in overweight and obese middle-aged women. In particular, this effect seems to be mediated by a major capacity to impose a voluntary control on disordered alimentary habits in response to hedonic signals derived from highly palatable foods typical of today’s diet.