Overseas Market Research Articles

A forensically validated genetic toolkit for the species and lineage identification of the highly trafficked shingleback lizard (Tiliqua rugosa)

Shingleback lizards (Tiliqua rugosa) are among the most trafficked native fauna from Australia in the illegal pet trade. There are four morphologically recognised subspecies of shinglebacks, all with differing overseas market values. Shinglebacks from different geographic locales are often trafficked and housed together, which may complicate identifying the State jurisdiction where the poaching event occurred. Additionally, shinglebacks can be housed and trafficked with other species within the same genus, which may complicate DNA analysis, especially in scenarios where indirect evidence (e.g. swabs, faeces) is taken for analysis. In this study, a forensic genetic toolkit was designed and validated to target shingleback DNA for species identification and geographic origin. To do this, field sampling across Australia was conducted to expand the phylogeographic sampling of shinglebacks across their species range and include populations suspected to be poaching hotspots. A commonly used universal reptile primer set (ND4/LEU) was then validated for use in forensic casework related to the genus Tiliqua. Two additional ND4 primer sets were designed and validated. The first primer set was designed and demonstrated to preferentially amplify an ∼510 bp region of the genus Tiliqua over other reptiles and builds on existing data to expand the available phylogeographic database. The second primer set was designed and demonstrated to solely amplify an ∼220 bp region of T. rugosa ND4 over any other reptile species. Through the validation process, all primers were demonstrated to amplify T. rugosa DNA from a variety of sample types (e.g. degraded, low quality and mixed). Two of the primer sets were able to distinguish the genetic lineage of T. rugosa from the phylogeographic database. This work provides the first forensically validated toolkit and phylogeographic genetic database for Squatmate lizards.

Research on the Evolution of the Competition Culture of Highway Construction Companies Based on Text Mining

The research on the evolution of the competition culture of highway construction enterprises aims to provide suggestions for highway construction enterprises to respond to the call of the Belt and Road Initiative and cope with overseas market competition in the new era. Based on the TF-IDF algorithm to extract the keywords of each enterprise culture, 291 enterprise culture texts were used as the analysis samples, and the evolution pattern of the competition culture of construction enterprises was explored. Relevant suggestions are made with the help of visualization and other technical means. It was found that: the competition culture of enterprises shows a trend from catering to the market to the internal construction of enterprises; the internal construction of enterprises is mainly reflected in talent competition, technological innovation and the optimization of management; the higher the level of competition, the more talent and technological innovation are valued; the development of competition culture is driven by the policy environment; and the focus of competition culture is affected by the maturity of the market.

Do Financial Development and Trade Liberalization Influence Environmental Quality in Indonesia? Evidence-based on ARDL Model

The deepening of financial development and trade liberalization has been taking place in Indonesia since the Association of Southeast Asian Countries (ASEAN) formed in 1967. As a result, Indonesia experienced substantial growth in various economic sectors. However, this growth could also bring a negative externality such as environmental degradation to this country. This research paper investigated how financial development and trade liberalization could affect the country’s environmental quality. This research utilized the time series approach, such as the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL), to test the determinant of environmental quality for Indonesia based on selected macroeconomic determinants with special emphasis on financial development and trade liberalization. The study used annual data from 1971 until 2020, which spans about 50 years. Based on the main outcomes, deepening financial development helps to improve environmental quality. However, at the same time, higher trade liberalization has caused greater environmental degradation. Therefore, the policymakers must ensure that more financial institutions in the country support their government in promoting sustainable growth by giving more loans to companies that promote using clean energy for development purposes. Besides, the country should monitor more closely any heavy industries such as chemicals production that operate to meet the demand for the oversea market by ensuring strict rules are enforced to avoid any negative externalities to the environment.

Digital Economy and Health: A Case Study of a Leading Enterprise's Value Mining Mode in the Global Big Health Market.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) swept across the world and posed a serious threat to human health. Health and elderly care enterprises are committed to continuously improving people's health. With the rapid development of the digital economy, many enterprises have established digital product-service ecosystems after combining “Internet +,” big data, cloud computing, and the big health industry. This paper uses the case study method to analyze the overseas market value mining mode of health and elderly care enterprises through in-depth research on leading health and elderly care enterprises. This study explores the value mining mode of the leading enterprise's global big health market using a cluster analysis and Bayesian model with the support of data on geographical characteristics, users' sleep habits, and national big health. This paper theoretically summarizes the successful cases of health and elderly care enterprises through digital transformation, which provides a useful reference for the intelligent transformation of the health and elderly care industry.

Do Board Interlocks Affect Entry Mode Selection?

In this study, we examine how board interlocks in firms from emerging markets can serve as conduits for vicarious learning in global markets. Based on the organizational learning perspective, we look at how a company's board of directors ties in with other companies that are already doing business in other countries. Driving from a proprietary dataset of 556 overseas market entries by Indian firms in knowledge-intensive industries, we find that firms with a higher degree of board interlock with internationalised firms are more likely to prefer acquisitions and alliances/joint ventures over greenfield initiatives. The fact that board interlocks have a significant impact on the decision to explore alliances/joint ventures rather than acquisition and vice versa is not conclusively established. Furthermore, we observed that other modes of vicarious learning, like foreign institutional investors, can be used to compensate for the absence of board interlocks. It is also possible to enhance the knowledge gathered through board interlocks with knowledge gained from the organisations' own global experience.

굴양식업의 구조변화에 따른 재편 방향

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the characteristics of structural changes in oyster farming, and to explore the current issues and direction of restructuring. The oyster farming industry has grown rapidly since the 1970s, but production has plummeted since the late 1980s and stagnated until the 1990s. Since then, production has recovered, but since 2010, production has been increasing and decreasing year by year. At present, the immediate problem in the oyster farming industry is that the volatility of oyster production has stagnated or become serious. Second, it is becoming difficult to secure a stable labor force. Third, oyster consumption is shrinking due to changes in social structure and food consumption trends. Fourth, oyster safety is constantly occurring. Fifth, oyster farming is highly dependent on exports, but export countries and export items are limited. In order to improve the competitiveness of the oyster farming industry, the first step is to eliminate the overcrowding of oyster farming facilities, secure artificial seedlings, improve aquaculture methods, and switch to other aquaculture varieties. Second, we will discover new demand targets through high-quality product development and product promotion. Third, in order to ensure the hygiene and safety of oysters, we will establish a hygiene and safety management system from the harvesting stage to the distribution and consumption stage. Fourth, we should explore new markets through overseas market research and consumption trends related to oysters, development of advanced processing and health functional products.

A study on the Success Factors and Policy S atisfaction Depending on Using Online Type of SMEs in Korea

Purpose: With the spread of COVID-19, social distancing became commonplace. With the rise of the contactless economy caused by COVID-19 in 2020, E-commerce has achieved unprecedented development, and as a result, has facilitated the digital economy. This study investigated the online sales status of SMEs in Busan. And the evaluation of Busan’s support policy for SMEs to overcome of COVIE-19 was analyzed. Research design, data, and methodology: For the purpose of this study, an online survey was conducted on SMEs & Traditional Market Workers with experience in using online shopping malls, and 131 valid samples were finally analyzed. The data were processed and analyzed by SPSS 26.0 software, In order to verify the reliability of measurement items, reliability analysis is used. T-test & ANOVA were performed to find whether there is difference between groups in the form of using online channel and success factor. Implications: The study outcome shows that sale success factors varies in convenient payment system, active marketing activity & free delivery conditions, etc., depending on term of using non-contact online and this tendency was statistically accepted. Price showed clear tendency, although it was not statistically significant. Further, open market entered support, video Marketing support to find overseas market & famous overseas online site entered support, etc., were effective in supporting the overcome of COVID 19 in Busan.

The Effect of Start-up Corporate Entrepreneurial Orientation on Adaptive Capacity on Overseas Market and Export Performance: The Moderating Effect of Business Psychological Distance

Purpose The purpose of this study is to establish an export strategy using the international entrepreneurial orientation, which is one of the corporate strategies of early-stage companies, and to draw implications that can be used to enter the overseas market and create corporate performance by using it. Design/Methodology/Approach To examine the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on the ability to adapt to overseas markets and export performance, as well as the moderating effect of business psychic distance, this study used 208 export start-up companies as the research subject. Findings The following summarizes the findings of this study. To begin, the effect of sub-factors of international business orientation, such as innovation, initiative, and risk taking, on overseas market adaptability and export performance was identified. Second, it was ascertained whether adaptability to foreign markets had a statistically significant effect on export performance. Finally, it was found that the group with a high degree of business psychic distance demonstrated a greater degree of difference significance. Research Implications This study presented a strategic direction for early stage start-ups undergoing internationalization, and in subsequent research, we will expand the study by including variables related to compan strategy.

Analysis of the Relationship between Securing Smart Factory Manufacturing Competitiveness on Reshoring of Korean Manufacturing Companies Entering Overseas Markets

Analysis of the Relationship between Securing Smart Factory Manufacturing Competitiveness on Reshoring of Korean Manufacturing Companies Entering Overseas Markets

Analysis of the Relationship between Securing Smart Factory Manufacturing Competitiveness on Reshoring of Korean Manufacturing Companies Entering Overseas Markets

Purpose: As the corporate issues rapidly emerging in the manufacturing industry in recent years, how to understand the changing environment, establish well-timed corporate strategies and seek development directions. Thus, this study would demonstrate the analysis of the relationship of securing competitiveness in manufacturing at the smart factories of Manufacturing companies affecting overseas manufacturers’ reshoring. Research design, data, and methodology: To conduct this study, a clustering sampling method was utilized with executives and staff members at steel companies with overseas expansion experience from July 13 through July 21, 2020, and samples were extracted in the form of the self-recording type after the distribution of the questionnaires. The distributed questionnaires were 186 copies, and all 186 copies were collected. Then, excluding five copies of the questionnaire judged to have a systematic or unsystematic error, 181 copies were applied as the empirical analysis data. Results: As a result of testing the causality hypothesis for this study model, it was confirmed that all of them had a statistically significant influence relationship. Also, as a result of analyzing the mediating effect, it was finally confirmed that there was a partial mediating effect. Implications: Securing smart factory manufacturing competitiveness had a statistically significant effect on manufacturing competitiveness. In addition, it was confirmed that manufacturing competitiveness of manufacturing companies had a statistically significant effect on reshoring of manufacturing companies, and securing smart factory manufacturing competitiveness had a statistically significant influence on reshoring of manufacturing companies. In addition, as a result of examining whether there is a mediating effect between manufacturing competitiveness, it was finally confirmed that there was a partial mediating effect.

Extending Uppsala Model with Springboard Perspective in Emerging Multinational’s Sequential Internationalisation—Evidence from a Construction Company’s Expansion in Africa

The Uppsala model explains the traditional internationalisation process of multinational enterprises (MNEs), which gradually begin to internationalise from countries with smaller psychic distances. However, in the turbulent global economy, an increasing number of MNEs from emerging markets (EMNEs) adopts a more radical and aggressive approach, strategically using international expansion as a springboard to enter an overseas market and radiate surrounding countries and regions. By combining the springboard perspective and the Uppsala model, we analyse a series of processes from EMNE’s first entry into an overseas market to the successful localisation and expansion of international business. This radical model of international expansion has not been thoroughly studied. This empirical study aims to address this research gap by using a qualitative method and an in-depth case study. This paper conducted a semi-structured interview with 16 expatriates, executives, and middle-level managers from the case company in 2016. As one of the few single case studies that systematically studies the internationalisation process of EMNEs and provides first-hand empirical evidence, it contributes to practice and provides a contextual reference for EMNEs.

Designing Information Technology Architecture Based on TOGAF Methodology At Padang Karunia Group

Padang Karunia Group (PKG) is engaged in four main business areas coal mining, coal trading, mining contractor and infrastructure and has consistently delivered coal product to domestic and overseas market. There are problems in the business processes of PKG’s everyday operations, such as: the waiting time for reports is over one day when it should be a few hours, data has more than one version and is not accurate, and demurrage (a charge payable to the owner of a chartered ship in respect of failure to load or discharge the ship within the time agreed). Issues occur because the role of IT is not optimal. The purpose of this study was to design an information technology (IT) architecture suitable for supporting the operation of the PKG. The correct IT architecture design can help companies to achieve their vision and mission. The right IT architecture for PKG will support all of its operations. The design of the IT architecture could be done with the existing framework using: EAP, TOGAF, FEA, DODAF, and Gartner Methodology. For this work the TOGAF was selected because it is open source, systematic, and thorough. Analysis was done using a business processes approach to obtain the IT needs mapped to the principles of business, information systems, applications, and information technology. The results from this study are a business architecture design, an information systems architecture, and a technology architecture appropriate to support the business of PKG.

Development Trend and Strategic Adjustment of Enterprise Economy and Trade

In view of the low economic level caused by too many external market factors and low consumption rate of residents, this paper analyzes the development trend of enterprise economy and trade, and gives the corresponding strategic adjustment scheme to achieve effective solution. By comparing the overseas export volume, the volume of sales of enterprises, the proportion of new products in real time, the growth of large-scale enterprises and the annual GDP of enterprises in recent years, we have analyzed the development situation of Chinese enterprises in recent years. Based on the gross national product and the average consumption level of different regions, it is judged that the trade economy of Chinese enterprises is in a relatively low development trend in the next few years, and it is based on this to make corresponding strategic adjustments: Select the strategic direction which is more in line with the consumption level of residents, select the production goods according to the average consumption rate, and then gradually open up the overseas market, adopt the strategy of "bring in, go out" to solve the big problem of regional consumption segmentation, put forward reasonable preferential policies, and change the inherent concept of Chinese enterprises' economic and trade. Finally, the implementation of the joint economic policy to strengthen the concept of law and economy, improve the core development concept of enterprises, enhance the market share of enterprises, realize the strategic adjustment path of diversification.

Selection of 3PL providers for overseas market expansion: insights from a Vietnamese company

Logistics outsourcing has become a strategy for companies so that they can focus on their core competency and increase their competitive advantages. Although there has been a wide range of studies on the selection of Third-Party Logistics (3PL) providers during the operation and supply chain management of the companies, research focusing on the phase of market expansion is lacking. The aim of this study is to analyze the selection of 3PL providers with an emphasis on overseas market expansion. A Vietnamese company in the chemical industry aiming to select the most suitable 3PL provider for overseas market expansion to Brazil is considered. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is applied to five main criteria that are cost, service, global network, industry experience, and local presence. A list of five 3PL providers is evaluated and ranked. Group decision-making with a sharing approach is used, such that three decision-makers (DMs) achieve a consensus on the assessment. The results indicate that industry experience and responsiveness to urgent occurrences are the two most important criteria when the company chooses a 3PL provider for overseas market expansion, while the lowest priority belongs to communication.

Survey for Government Policies Regarding Strategies for the Commercialization and Globalization of Digital Therapeutics.

PurposeThis study was conducted to build a direction for government policies regarding strategies for the commercialization of digital therapeutics in Korea, as well as its globalization.Materials and MethodsThe study included 37 participants from the Korea Digital Health Industry Association (KODHIA). The data was based on a survey conducted in 2020 targeting employees of companies engaged in the digital health industry in Korea. Participants were asked about their involvement in product development of digital therapeutics and their opinion about the growing motivator for digital therapeutics in Korea and the global market.ResultsAccording to our data, among subjects not involved in making digital therapeutics products, the main reason for not being involved was the lack of experts (73.9%) and difficulty in licensing (73.9%). Responses concerning the priority area in need of national support were R&D funding (43.2%), and the next was licensing guidance and simplifying regulations (24.3%). Possible difficulties of overseas market expansion were the unfamiliarity in digital therapeutics technology verification and licensing structures of foreign countries (73%), and concerns regarding the level of recognition of clinical trials and technology in Korea from overseas (70.3%). Overall, respondents were hesitant in starting a related business due to the lack of government support and the complexity of the regulation process. Moreover, concerns about global market entry were similar. Being unfamiliar with the novel process and worrying about the achievement despite existing challenges were the biggest drawback.ConclusionFor the digital therapeutics industry to evolve domestically and internationally, government support and guidance are essential.

A Study on the Effect of Start-Up Corporate Market Orientation on Adaptive Capability on Overseas Market and Export Performance: Focusing on Incorporation Companies in Business Incubator

Purpose - This study aims to establish strategies related to market orientation, which is one of the strategic orientations of companies in early start-ups, and to draw implications that can be used for overseas market entry. Design/Methodology/Approach - In this study, to study the effect of market orientation of Start-up companies on overseas market adaptation ability and export performance, 219 export Start-up companies were used as the research object to test the hypothesis. Findings - The summary of the results of this study is as follows. First, it was found that the sub-factors of a company s market orientation, such as customer orientation, competitor orientation, and inter-functional coordination capacity, had a statistically significant effect on the ability to adapt to overseas target sites. Next, it was found that the higher the ability to adapt to the overseas target market, the more significant the export performance. Research Implications - This study intends to proceed with research by adding variables of the company s strategic orientation other than the market orientation.

A Study on the Effect of Start-Up Corporate Market Orientation on Adaptive Capability on Overseas Market and Export Performance: Focusing on Incorporation Companies in Business Incubator

A Study on the Effect of Start-Up Corporate Market Orientation on Adaptive Capability on Overseas Market and Export Performance: Focusing on Incorporation Companies in Business Incubator

A Study on the Analysis of OVERSEAS MARKET ENTRY Strategy by Growth Stage for ICT Companies of the Post-COVID-19 Era

A Study on the Analysis of OVERSEAS MARKET ENTRY Strategy by Growth Stage for ICT Companies of the Post-COVID-19 Era

Geographic proximity, supply chain and organizational glocalized survival: China's e-commerce investments in Indonesia.

Chinese e-commerce companies are in the ascendant into the overseas market, while still lack adequate academic attention. Adopting case study and public policy approaches, this article applies the symbiosis theory, based on the fundamentals of the development data of Chinese e-commerce companies in the Indonesia market, to construct an evaluation model and proposes a strategic orientation to reaching an embedded survival and further development. Through understanding the structural characteristics and developing status of different types of Chinese e-commerce companies going overseas, a detailed investigation to the Chinese e-commerce companies investing in Indonesia has been conducted. Findings show that the production capacity cooperation stage of the two countries has a trend of asymmetric symbiosis gradually developing towards symmetric symbiosis. To promote a continuous economic cooperation between China and Indonesia, this article proposes that the national-level collaboration policies, cross-border e-commerce value chain, as well as organizational-level coordination are the key sectors for reaching the vision of symmetric symbiosis between the two countries. Sectors in infrastructure, trade, capital, and people's mindset intimacy also contribute to construct a symbiosis mechanism for capacity cooperation between the two nations.

Guangzuo Ivory Carving: Intercultural Communication on the "Maritime Silk Road" During the 17 th -19 th Century

Ivory carving, jade carving, cloisonne and carved lacquer were once known as the four great masters of Chinese arts and crafts, and they are also one of the artistic symbols recording the process of human civilization. From the 17th to 19th century, Guangzuo, namely Canton style, ivory carving was one of the quintessence of Chinese crafts that was deeply welcomed by the western world and there are many monographs and articles discussed by predecessors. However, the exploration of the relationship between Guangzuo ivory carving and the intercultural communication of the Maritime Silk Road is still weak. By excavating and combing the source of raw materials, technical characteristics, source and export development process of Guangzuo ivory carving, this paper discussed the relationship between overseas market expansion of Guangzuo ivory carving and intercultural communication on the Maritime Silk Road, and puts forward the following understandings: (1) Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, especially from the 17th to the mid-19th century, ivory materials were mainly obtained through the Maritime Silk Road trade with the South China Sea as the starting point. (2) The typical ivory carvings exported in the 17th-19th century included ivory balls, baskets, fans, jewel cases, sewing boxes, card cases, letter holders, and brooches etc. In spite of the category, the quantity of ivory products is far less than the other export goods. But the Guangzuo ivory carvings were still one of the important export commodities at that time for its high material value, craft skills, unique characteristics in artistry, appreciation and cultural compatibility. (3) The exquisite skills, styles and decorative patterns of Guangzuo ivory carving not only inherited Chinese traditional crafts, but also absorbed overseas skills, and were strongly influenced by European consumer culture at the meantime. The Guangzuo ivory carvings exported to the western world are actually the ODM(original design manufacturer) products made by local craftsmen in reference to the needs of overseas customers, which are representing the wisdom of Chinese skilled craftsmen and the integration of multicultural exchanges. (4) The success of the Guangzuo ivory carving foreign trade during the 17th to the 19th century showed that the intercultural communication and mutual learning are important factors, even the key factors, for expanding the international market, which may provide a typical paradigm for other precious jade and stone products exporting to foreign countries or expanding the international market today.