Overload Conditions Research Articles

Analysis of multidimensional impacts of electric vehicles penetration in distribution networks

AbstractMoving towards a cleaner, greener, and more sustainable future, expanding electric vehicles (EVs) adoption is inevitable. However, uncontrolled charging of EVs, especially with their increased penetration among the utility grid, imposes several negative technical impacts, including grid instability and deteriorated power quality in addition to overloading conditions. Hence, smart and coordinated charging is crucial in EV electrification, where Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology is gaining much interest. Owing to its inherited capability of bi-directional power flow, V2G is capable of enhancing grid stability and resilience, load balancing, and congestion alleviation, as well as supporting renewable energy sources (RESs) integration. However, as with most emerging technologies, there are still technical research gaps that need to be addressed. In addition to these technical impacts, other multidisciplinary factors must be investigated to promote EVs adoption and V2G implementation. This paper provides a detailed demonstration of the technical problems associated with EVs penetration in distribution networks along with quantifiable insights into these limitations and the corresponding mitigation schemes. In addition, it discusses V2G benefits for power systems and consumers, as well as explores their technical barriers and research directions to adequately regulate their services and encourage EV’s owners to its embracement. Moreover, other factors, including regulatory, social, economic and environmental ones that affect EV market penetration are being studied and related challenges are analyzed to draw recommendations that aid market growth.

Power Usage Monitoring and Overload Protection System for Distribution Transformers

Efficient energy manitoring and overload protection on distribution transformers are very much needed. This study aims to develop a power usage management system and overload protection integrated with Internet of Things (IoT) technology, with a specific target to monitor and manage power usage on distribution transformers in real time, as well as provide automatic protection against overload conditions. The methodology used in this study involves the design and implementation of hardware and software that supports wireless communication and data analysis. This system is also equipped with a power reading and protection mechanism that can automatically cut off the electricity flow when an overload detection occurs, in order to prevent damage to the transformer, it is expected that this system can increase the efficiency of power usage management and provide a quick response to overload conditions. The implementation of this system is expected to reduce operational costs and increase the reliability of electricity supply on the distribution network. Based on the tests that have been carried out, it has been proven that the system has worked well in maintaining important variables in the power usage management system and overload protection on the Internet of Things integrated distribution transformer.

Dysregulation of sympathoadrenal system activity in patients with microvascular angina

Abstract Introduction Recent studies have highlighted that a significant proportion of patients (up to 47%) undergoing coronary angiography due to clinical indications do not exhibit significant stenosis in epicardial vessels. Among these patients, up to 50% may suffer from microvascular angina (MVA). Despite the absence of intramural coronary artery lesions typically associated with atherosclerosis, the occurrence of transient myocardial ischemia and cardiac pain syndrome raises interest due to the incomplete understanding of their underlying mechanisms. Objective This study aims to comprehensively investigate sympathoadrenal system activity in patients with microvascular angina. Materials and Methods A total of 40 patients diagnosed with MVA, aged 35-76 years, including 11 (27.5%) men and 29 (72.5%) women, were enrolled, along with 20 healthy individuals. Assessment of sympathoadrenal system (SAS) activity involved determining daily urinary excretion levels of free and conjugated catecholamine fractions (CA) using solid-phase enzyme immunoassay: adrenaline (A), noradrenaline (NA), dopamine (DA), and DOFA. Additionally, catecholamine deamination enzyme activity—monoamine oxidase (MAO)—was determined using solid-phase EIA. Results Patients with MVA exhibited a significant increase in the excretion of all CA fractions. Specifically, adrenaline (A) excretion increased by 56.7%, surpassing the control by 1.7 times (p<0.001). Noradrenaline (NA) levels were elevated by 59.5% in MVA patients, which was 1.6 times higher than the control group (p<0.001). Dopamine (DA) levels in MVA patients increased by 31.0%, surpassing control values by 1.36 times (p<0.001). Moderate elevation in DOFA levels by 19.7% was observed, which was 1.23 times higher than the control (p<0.01). Ratios of CA sulfocatecholamine formation processes indicated pronounced deviations from normal. Gender differences revealed marked changes in sympathoadrenal activity, particularly in women (p<0.001). Studies of MAO activity on the first day identified a moderate decrease in its activity in MVA patients—0.03±0.002 units/ext. (p<0.01), while healthy individuals exhibited an activity level of 0.07±0.001 units/ext. Conclusion The findings underscore the crucial pathogenetic role of SAS in the development of MVA. The study demonstrates that the severity of ischemia correlates with disruptions in SAS components. Notably, these disruptions are pronounced in MVA, indicating an overload of the sympathoadrenal system—a critical component of organismal homeostasis. Under conditions of SAS overload, the pivotal enzyme in biogenic amine oxidation, MAO, undergoes significant transformation, leading to reduced activity towards monoamines. These findings were consistent with our clinical investigation.

Torsemide versus furosemide in patients with heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Introduction Loop diuretics are essential agents in the management of fluid overload conditions, heart failure and renal dysfunction. Despite their widespread use, there is ongoing debate regarding the relative efficacy, safety, and clinical outcomes associated with furosemide and torsemide. By systematically analyzing existing literature, this study seeks to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the comparative effectiveness and safety profiles of these two medications , Helping to inform clinical decision-making and contribute to the optimization of diuretic therapy in patients with heart and kidney diseases. Methods We searched PubMed, Scopus, WOS, and Cochrane until February 2024 for relevant studies comparing the torsemide and furosemide in Heart failure patients. Outcomes of interest were all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, all-cause hospitalization, hospitalization for HF, and improvement of ≥ 1 in NYHA functional class. Results 16 studies were included in this meta-analysis with a total of 12545 patients, There were no significant results between the two drugs in all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality or all-cause hospitalization, torsemide showed a reduction in hospitalization from heart failure (RR 0.85, 95% CI [0.71 to 1.02]), torsemide showed a significant improvement of ≥ 1 in NYHA functional class (OR 1.60, 95% CI [1.18, 2.17]). Conclusion There was no difference between torsemide and furosemide when it comes to all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, but torsemide showed better results in reducing hospitalization rates and and improving quality of life.Hospitalization from heart failureImprovement ≥ 1 in NYHA class

Rapid method for screening of both calcium and magnesium chelation with comparison of 21 known metal chelators.

Chelation is the rational treatment modality in metal overload conditions, but chelators are often non-selective and can, hence, cause an imbalance in the homeostasis of physiological metals including calcium and magnesium. The aim of this study was to develop an affordable, rapid but sensitive and precise method for determining the degree of chelation of calcium and magnesium ions and to employ this method for comparison on a panel of known metal chelators. Spectrophotometric method using o-cresolphthalein complexone (o-CC) was developed and its biological relevance was confirmed in human platelets by impedance aggregometry. The lowest detectable concentration of calcium and magnesium ions by o-CC was 2.5μM and 2μM, respectively. The indicator was stable for at least 110days. Four and seven out of twenty-one chelators strongly chelated calcium and magnesium ions, respectively. Importantly, the chelation effect of clinically used chelators was not negligible. Structure-activity relationships for eight quinolin-8-ols showed improvements in chelation particularly in the cases of dihalogen substitution, and a negative linear relationship between pKa and magnesium chelation was observed. Calcium chelation led to inhibition of platelet aggregation in concentrations corresponding to the complex formation. A novel method for screening of efficacy and safety of calcium and magnesium ion chelation was developed and validated.

Real collapse responses of an RC flat plate structure under extreme overloading condition: Reversing load redistribution

Progressive collapse research of concrete flat plate structures, typically investigated through the alternate path (AP) method with a focus on column failure (removal), has often neglected the facts of real-life collapse events which are caused by slab overloading, leading to initial punching shear failure at slab-column joints. Progressive collapse of the structural systems triggered by slab-column joint failures exhibits distinct failure modes and resistance mechanisms from those triggered by column failures. Building upon our initial tests on the overloaded slab specimen under quasi-static loading regimes, this paper presents an innovative experimental study that closely mirrors the load-resistant mechanisms of the most common collapse incidents in flat plate structure systems in the real world. By successively stacking up gravity loads without additional interventions, the test accurately simulates the spontaneous failure conditions typical of flat plate structures. A key discovery of this research is the identification of a unique reversing load redistribution mechanism, a phenomenon not previously observed in our slab overloading tests or in studies focused on column removal scenarios. This discovery highlights the necessity of enhancing the post-punching capacity at the slab-column joints as a critical factor in preventing collapses due to slab overloading. In addition, this study provides an in-depth examination of the dynamic effects inherent in the progressive collapse of flat plate structures. Evaluating the dynamic increase factor and load amplification factor offers supplementary data pertinent to real-world collapses, providing essential insights for improving the resilience of flat plate structures against initial joint failure due to slab overloading.

Optimal EV Charging and PV Siting in Prosumers towards Loss Reduction and Voltage Profile Improvement in Distribution Networks

In this paper, the problem of simultaneous charging of Electrical Vehicles (EVs) in distribution networks (DNs) is examined in order to depict congestion issues, increased power losses, and voltage constraint violations. To this end, this paper proposes an optimal EV charging schedule in order to allocate the charging of EVs in non-overlapping time slots, aiming to avoid overloading conditions that could stress the DN operation. The problem is structured as a linear optimization problem in GAMS, and the linear Distflow is utilized for the power flow analysis required. The proposed approach is compared to the one where EV charging is not optimally scheduled and each EV is expected to start charging upon its arrival at the residential charging spot. Moreover, the analysis is extended to examine the optimal siting of small-sized residential Photovoltaic (PV) systems in order to provide further relief to the DN. A mixed-integer quadratic optimization model was formed to integrate the PV siting into the optimization problem as an additional optimization variable and is compared to a heuristic-based approach for determining the sites for PV installation. The proposed methodology has been applied in a typical low-voltage (LV) DN as a case study, including real power demand data for the residences and technical characteristics for the EVs. The results indicate that both the DN power losses and the voltage profile are further improved in regard to the heuristic-based approach, and the simultaneously scheduled penetration of EVs and PVs could yield up to a 66.3% power loss reduction.

Analysis of submersible axial flow pump fitted with variable IGV at design and off-design conditions

Abstract Submersible axial flow pump is capable of generating large flow rate at high efficiency and is widely used in agriculture, irrigation, water supply and drainage in factories, urban areas, etc. Pumps are always designed to operate at the designed conditions of flowrate and head, but in certain practical applications, their off- design operation seems to be more important, like if there is waterflooding due to heavy rainfall or in case of variable flowrate, variable head operations or long-distance water supply. These situations arise for limited operation (time) and hence it is not economical to change the existing pumping system. The present work deals with the analysis of submersible axial flow pump at design as well as off-design conditions. This off-design operation was controlled by the variable inlet guide vane (VIGV) with the task of making it energy efficient for all conditions. The scope of this work was to investigate the performance of selected pump at designed rotational speed, at designed flowrate (Q/Qd =1) as well as Q/Qd =0.8 and Q/Qd =1.2, using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and at various VIGV angles in the range of ±25°. The fluid flow analysis was performed using commercial CFD tool ANSYS CFX v17.0. From the numerical study, it was concluded that the performance of the considered AFP significantly increased due to the presence of VIGV at positive rotation angles. The best performance was observed for IGV angle of +25° for all flowrates. As compared to the reference case of 0° IGV rotation, the performance of the AFP increased by 28.42% in terms of head ratio and 0.235% in terms of hydraulic efficiency, for +25° IGV angle, at the designed flowrate. Also, an increment of 69.05% in terms of head ratio and 14.49% in terms of hydraulic efficiency was observed at overload condition of Q/Qd =1.2.

Analysis of Effect Overloading on the Remaining Life Pavement Plan on the Bungah Highway - Ngawen Highway Section

Bungah -Ngawen highway section is one of the accesses to the industrial area in Gresik City. This affects the vehicles that cross this road, which are dominated by heavy vehicles that distribute goods and services. These conditions can cause faster damage to the pavement which can hinder smooth transportation. This research aims to analyze the impact of vehicle loads on the remaining life of the plan on the Jalan Raya Bungah-Jalan Raya Ngawen section (STA 0+000-STA 5+500). The reason for this research is the amount of damage to the pavement. Based on a direct survey, this road has a road width of 6 m with a length of road damage of 2,15 km from the road section under review. The data used are primary data in the form of average daily traffic and secondary data, namely LHR data and vehicle load data. The calculation method used is the AASHTO 1993 Method. From the primary and secondary data obtained, traffic growth, percentage of overload, ESAL value, W18 value, and the remaining value of the road plan life can be calculated. From the calculation results, the standard ∑W18 value during the plan life is 338422516.86 to 4796885453.64, while for the overload ∑W18 value is 531674277.94 to 6849455940.63. The main trigger for pavement damage on the Jalan Raya Bungah-Jalan Raya Ngawen section is class VIb vehicles because they have the largest overload of 27,90%. The remaining life value of standard load conditions in 2024 of 57,46% decreased under overloading conditions to 33,29%, with a difference of -24,17% and the road service life will end in March 2026 or a reduction from the planned life of 10 years.

Left Ventricular Non-Compaction: Evolving Concepts

Left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) is a rare heart muscle disease defined by the presence of prominent left ventricular trabeculation, deep intertrabecular recesses, and a thin compact layer. Several hypotheses have been proposed regarding its pathogenesis, with the most recently accepted one being that compact layer and trabeculated layers develop independently according to an “allometric growth”. The current gold-standard diagnostic criteria (in particular, the Petersen index non-compaction/compaction ratio > 2.3) reflect an excess of myocardial trabeculation, which is not a specific morpho-functional feature of LVNC cardiomyopathy but merely a “phenotypic trait”, even described in association with other myocardial disease and over-loading conditions. Accordingly, the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines have definitively abolished the term ‘LVNC cardiomyopathy’. Recently, evolving perspectives led to the restoration of LVNC cardiomyopathy by distinguishing “hypertrabeculation phenotype” and “non-compaction phenotype”. It has been proposed that the disease-specific pathophysiologic mechanism is a congenitally underdevelopment of the compact layer accounting for an impairment of the left ventricular systolic function. Future prospective research should focus on the clinical and prognostic relevance of compact layer thinning rather than excessive trabeculation, which could significantly influence the management of patients with LVNC. The review aims to update current knowledge on the pathogenesis, genetics, and diagnostic criteria of LVNC, offering modern insights for future perspectives.

Impact of Health Education Intervention on Fluid Management and Quality of Life Among Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Undergoing Hemodialysis

Introduction: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a global concern, impacting over 13% of individuals. Hemodialysis (HD) poses challenges, and education on fluid management can improve quality of life (QOL) of individuals with CKD. This study is aimed to evaluate, the impact of health education intervention on fluid management and QOL among dialysis-receiving CKD patients in Dialysis units (DU) at the National Hospital of Sri Lanka (NHSL).Methods: One-group pretest-posttest design was utilized. Two interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to collect data from randomly selected 110 CKD patients receiving HD. The instrument consisted of items assessing the history of the disease condition, signs and symptoms of fluid overload, and fluid management status. The Kidney Disease Quality of Life (KDQOL) questionnaire was used as instrument II. Both instruments were administered before and after health education intervention regarding control of fluid intake during HD. Descriptive statistics and paired samples t-tests were performed for data analysis. The Ethics Review Committee of NHSL approved this study.Results: The study primarily involved CKD patients, with a significant majority (46.4%) falling in the 51-70 years age group, and a predominance of males (76.4%). Almost half (44.5%) had attained education up to the Ordinary Level, and the majority were married (80.9%). The findings revealed a positive impact of health education sessions on fluid management, with post-scores increasing from 67% to 79%, indicating a significant reduction in fluid overload symptoms (p<0.05). However, pre- and post-quality-of-life scores did not show significant differences (p=0.051) with the effect of education intervention.Conclusions: The results revealed a significant reduction in fluid overload symptoms after the educational intervention, indicating a positive impact on fluid management. However, the same intervention did not demonstrate an observable improvement in the patient's quality of life, emphasizing the need to explore the underlying reasons for remaining QOL unchanged. Since health education intervention has shown a positive impact on fluid status management of CKD patients undergoing HD, it would be beneficial to conduct such intervention across DU in Sri Lanka after further studies.

Loop Diuretics: An Overview of Its History and Evolution.

The loop of Henle plays a key role in kidney function, especially in retaining solutes and concentrating urine. Diuretic agents, crucial for managing fluid overload and related conditions like hypertension and heart failure (HF), enhance water and electrolyte excretion. The history of diuretics dates back to 1775 with the discovery of Digitalis, evolving significantly with the introduction of chlorothiazide in 1957, which revolutionized diuretic therapy. Loop diuretics, developed in the 1950s and including drugs like torsemide, furosemide, and ethacrynic acid, are potent agents acting on the loop of Henle. They are vital for treating severe fluid overload conditions and require careful monitoring to manage potential side effects.

Guanylate cyclase promotes osseointegration by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation in aged rats with iron overload.

This study intended to investigate the effect of vericiguat (VIT) on titanium rod osseointegration in aged rats with iron overload, and also explore the role of VIT in osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation. In this study, 60 rats were included in a titanium rod implantation model and underwent subsequent guanylate cyclase treatment. Imaging, histology, and biomechanics were used to evaluate the osseointegration of rats in each group. First, the impact of VIT on bone integration in aged rats with iron overload was investigated. Subsequently, VIT was employed to modulate the differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells and RAW264.7 cells under conditions of iron overload. Utilizing an OVX rat model, we observed significant alterations in bone mass and osseointegration due to VIT administration in aged rats with iron overload. The observed effects were concomitant with reductions in bone metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation. To elucidate whether these effects are associated with osteoclast and osteoblast activity, we conducted in vitro experiments using MC3T3-E1 cells and RAW264.7 cells. Our findings indicate that iron accumulation suppressed the activity of MC3T3-E1 while enhancing RAW264.7 function. Furthermore, iron overload significantly decreased oxidative stress levels; however, these detrimental effects can be mitigated by VIT treatment. Collectively, our data provide compelling evidence that VIT has the potential to reverse the deleterious consequences of iron overload on osseointegration and bone mass during ageing.

The oral ferroportin inhibitor vamifeport prevents liver iron overload in a mouse model of hemochromatosis.

Hemochromatosis is an inherited iron overload condition caused by mutations that reduce the levels of the iron-regulatory hormone hepcidin or its binding to ferroportin. The hepcidin-ferroportin axis is pivotal to iron homeostasis, providing opportunities for therapeutic intervention in iron overload disorders like hemochromatosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the oral ferroportin inhibitor vamifeport in the Hfe C282Y mouse model, which carries the most common mutation found in patients with hemochromatosis. A single oral dose of vamifeport lowered serum iron levels in Hfe C282Y mice, with delayed onset and shorter duration than observed in wild-type mice. Vamifeport induced transient hypoferremia by inhibiting ferroportin and resulted in a feedback regulation of liver Hamp in wild-type mice, which was absent in Hfe C282Y mice, reflecting the dysregulated systemic iron sensing in this hemochromatosis model. Chronic dosing with vamifeport led to sustained serum and liver iron reductions in Hfe C282Y mice, as well as markedly reducing liver Hamp expression in Hfe C282Y mice, suggesting distinct regulation of liver Hamp expression following acute or continuous iron restriction via vamifeport. At the tested dose, vamifeport retained its activity when combined with phlebotomy and did not significantly interfere with liver iron removal by phlebotomy in Hfe C282Y mice. These data demonstrate that chronic vamifeport treatment significantly reduces serum iron levels and prevents liver iron loading in the Hfe C282Y mouse model of hemochromatosis, thus providing preclinical proof of concept for the efficacy of vamifeport in hemochromatosis with or without phlebotomy.

Features of consumer perception of product innovations

The article examines the phenomenon of consumer perception of product innovations in order to identify features determined by modern market conditions. The purpose of the study is achieved by analysing the specifics of customer perception of: the degree of product innovativeness; product innovations in the framework of information overload and amid high intensity of their introduction to the market. As a result of the research, the following features of the сonsumer perception, characteristic of modern market conditions, are identified: subjectivity of perception of the product innovativeness; actualisation of the phenomenon of information neglect in conditions of information overload of consumers and the phenomenon of consumer stupor within the framework of high intensity of product innovations being introduced to the market. The work proves the need to study the psychology of perception of innovations by potential consumers in the process of developing and introducing a new product deeply and comprehensively, in particular, to study cognitive, value, need-motivational systems as well as the characteristics of behaviour patterns of consumers of innovative products. Only in this case it is possible to create a product innovation that is truly needed and therefore quickly and easily accepted by the market.

MYH11 rare variant augments aortic growth and induces cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure with pressure overload.

Smooth muscle cell-specific myosin heavy chain, encoded by MYH11, is selectively expressed in smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Pathogenic variants in MYH11 predispose to a number of disorders, including heritable thoracic aortic disease associated with patent ductus arteriosus, visceral myopathy, and megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome. Rare variants of uncertain significance occur throughout the gene, including MYH11 p.Glu1892Asp, and we sought to determine if this variant causes thoracic aortic disease in mice. Genomic editing was used to generate Myh11 E1892D/E1892D mice. Wild-type (WT) and mutant mice underwent cardiovascular phenotyping and with transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Myh11 E1892D/E1892D and WT mice displayed similar growth, blood pressure, root and ascending aortic diameters, and cardiac function up to 13 months of age, along with similar contraction and relaxation on myographic testing. TAC induced hypertension similarly in Myh11 E1892D/E1892D and WT mice, but mutant mice showed augmented ascending aortic enlargement and increased elastic fragmentation on histology. Unexpectedly, male Myh11 E1892D/E1892D mice two weeks post-TAC had decreased ejection fraction, stroke volume, fractional shortening, and cardiac output compared to similarly treated male WT mice. Importantly, left ventricular mass increased significantly due to primarily posterior wall thickening, and cardiac histology confirmed cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and increased collagen deposition in the myocardium and surrounding arteries. These results further highlight the clinical heterogeneity associated with MYH11 rare variants. Given that MYH11 is selectively expressed in SMCs, these results implicate a role of vascular SMCs in the heart contributing to cardiac hypertrophy and failure with pressure overload.

Study on crack law of shield segment under load variation based on XFEM

PurposeThe occurrence of segment cracks caused by load changes in shield tunnels would affect the safety of the tunnel structure. To this end, a three-dimensional fine shield tunnel segment model based on the extended finite element method (XFEM) is established.Design/methodology/approachThe cracking law of shield segment cracks is studied in two forms: overloading and unloading. The relationship between crack length, width and depth and transverse convergence and deformation is analyzed.FindingsThe results show that the cracks in shield tunnels mainly occur on the outer side of the arch waist and the inner side of the crown and bottom. Under overloading and unloading conditions, the length, width and depth of cracks increase non-linearly as the transverse convergence deformation increases. Under the same convergent deformation, the deeper the buried depth, the smaller the crack length, width and depth. Meanwhile, under overloading conditions, the influence of buried depth on the width and depth of cracks is more significant. In terms of crack width and depth, unloading conditions are more dangerous than overloading conditions.Originality/valueThe findings have a guiding effect for the management of cracks in shield tunnels during operation.

Analisis Pengaruh Beban Berlebih terhadap Sisa Umur Perkerasan Lentur pada Jalan Kawasan Industri Driyorejo dengan Metode MDPJ 2017

Flexible pavement is designed with regard to the load that will be received in order to achieve optimal performance throughout its service life. However, conditions in the road reveal indications of overloading by each category of vehicles, especially overload vehicles. Driyorejo industrial area road is a provincial road that connects the main industrial areas in Gresik Regency. With traffic dominated by overload vehicles, especially large trucks carrying a lot of goods, indications of damage to the pavement are becoming increasingly clear and obvious. This research aims to assess the impact of traffic load on the remaining life expectancy of flexible pavement, focusing on the load of vehicles crossing the road in the Driyorejo industrial area as the study variable. The calculation method used is the Bina Marga 2017 Method. The data used are Average Daily Traffic (LHR) data and vehicle load data. From the calculation results, the actual traffic growth (i) value is 32.7%. Vehicle overloading causes a decrease in the planned life of the road as indicated by the truck factor value of 1.06. The Remaining Life (RL) calculation represents a 14% decrease from the standard RL value of 69.3% to 55.3% under overload conditions, so it can be concluded that the overload significantly reduces the life of the road which was originally designed for 10 years to only 7 years.

Cannabigerol as an anti-inflammatory agent altering the level of arachidonic acid derivatives in the colon tissue of rats subjected to a high-fat high-sucrose diet

Fat and sugar overconsumption is the cause of increasing worldwide incidence of gastrointestinal tract in inflammatory conditions. The intestinal pre-inflammatory alterations are partially reversible, simultaneously inhibiting the predisposition to colitis. Searching for an effective pharmacotherapy for treating inflammatory conditions in the intestine is essential. This study aimed to investigate the effect of cannabigerol (CBG) on the inflammation state in the colon tissue of rats subjected to high-caloric diet. The experiment was conducted on male Wistar rats subjected to a standard or a high-fat high-sucrose diets for six weeks. For the last 14 days, half of rats from both groups received intragastrically cannabigerol solution (30 mg/kg of body mass). The ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA, the activity of n-6 and n-3 PUFA, and arachidonic acid (AA) content in selected lipid fractions were determined by gas-liquid chromatography. Immunoblotting examined the expression of proteins involved in inflammation development. ELISA kits measured the content of arachidonic acid derivatives. CBG treatment reduced the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio in TAG fraction and increased the n-3 PUFA pathway activity in almost all lipid fractions. Cannabigerol supplementation decreased AA concentration in PL and TAG. CBG also caused diminishments in the expression of cPLA2, COX-1, COX-2, and 12/15-LOX, which was indirectly correlated with a decreased LTB4 level and an increased LXA4 level. We concluded that cannabigerol has a protective influence on the development of inflammation in the colon tissue under lipid and sugar overload condition, thereby favoring cancer initiation and progression.

Simulation and optimization of fuze circuit housing structural strength under a high overload environment

Abstract With the continuous improvement of modern military equipment protection systems, the demand for ammunition to penetrate hard targets has become increasingly apparent. The projectile is subjected to a high overload environment during launching and penetrating hard targets. Fuze as the detonation control system of the projectile, is prone to significant deformation or even damage to its circuit housing structure in a high overload environment. The dynamic response of fuze circuit housing under high overload conditions is analyzed, and the housing structure is further optimized according to the simulation results to ensure that the fuze circuit housing can meet the strength requirements under a high overload environment.