Overall Prevalence Of Nocturia Research Articles

Prevalence of nocturia among community-dwelling adults: a population-based study in Malaysia

BackgroundNocturia is widely prevalent condition with detrimental effects on quality of life and general health. In Malaysia, there is a lack of up-to-date prevalence study on nocturia. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of nocturia and awareness pertaining to nocturia among Malaysian adults.MethodsA cross-sectional population-based study was conducted among Malaysian adults aged ≥ 18 years old. The data was collected by mixed mode self-administered questionnaire from May 2019 to September 2019. Nocturia was defined as one or more voids at night.ResultsThere were a total of 4616 respondents with 74.5% of response rate. The overall prevalence of nocturia among Malaysian adults was found to be 57.3%. In multivariate analysis, respondents aged 31–40 (1.91 [1.52–2.40]) or > 60 years old (2.03 [1.48–2.71]), and those who presented with hypertension (2.84 [2.28–3.53]), diabetes mellitus (1.78 [1.42–2.25]), renal disease (3.58 [1.93–6.63]) or overactive bladder (1.61 [1.10–2.35]) were associated with higher prevalence of nocturia. A significantly lower disease prevalence (p < 0.05) was noted among those aged 41–50 (0.73 [0.59–0.91]), male (0.78 [0.69–0.88]) and Chinese (0.47 [0.30–0.74]) or Indian (0.34 [0.21–0.54]) ethnicities. A total of 37.3% of respondents with nocturia reported that they faced sleeping difficulty about half the time or more after waking up in the middle of night. Those who had ≥ 2 voids per night experienced significantly higher mean bother score than those who had 1 void per night (p < 0.001). Approximately half (56.7%) of all respondents were not aware that night time urination is a medical condition. Only 25.2% of respondents with nocturia had sought medical attention for their nocturia.ConclusionsThe prevalence of nocturia among Malaysian adults is high and strongly influenced by age, sex, race and comorbidities. However, the general awareness pertaining to nocturia being a health issue remains low among Malaysians. The findings also highlighted the impact of nocturia on sleep and the need for nocturia education to better address this disease.

Correction of renal function by desmopressin and diclofenac in incontinent women with nocturia

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficiency of desmopressine and diclofenac in incontinent patients with nocturnal polyuria and polyuria. A total of 277 patients ≥18 ≤ 55 years of age with complaints of urinary incontinence were included. 143 women had stress incontinence, 43 — urge incontinence and 91 — mixed incontinence. The overall prevalence of nocturia was 34.7 ± 2.9% (96 women).The frequency of poliuriya was 7 ± 2.1 % in stress incontinence, 11.6 ± 4.9 % in urge incontinence and 9.9 ± 3.1 % in mixed incontinence (p > 0.05). The frequency of nocturnal polyuria was 17.5 ± 3.2% in stress incontinence, 27.9 ± 6.8% in urge incontinence and 25.3 ± 4.6 % mixed incontinence (p > 0.05). Patients were randomized to receive either desmopressin or diclofenac in a double — blind fashion. The statistically significant recovery of renal function occurred in 8 incontinent women with polyuria and 19 with nocturnal polyuria who received diclofenac and in 12 incontinent women with polyuria and 18 with nocturnal polyuria who received desmopressin (Minirin). Refs 5. Figs 12. Table 1.

Суточный ритм мочеобразования и мочеотделения при недержании мочи у женщин

The objective of this study was to estimate the circadian rhythm of urine formation and its association with the quality of life in incontinent women. 277 patients with complaints of urinary incontinence were analysed according to a specific protocol: urodynamic testing, transperineal ureterovesical segment ultrasonography, a 3-day frequency-volume (FV) chart. Subjects had to fill in a standardised quality of life questionnaire as well. Nocturia was defined as two or more micturitions per night calculated from the FV chart. The overall prevalence of nocturia was 39,7%. The nocturics were classified into one of the responsible pathophysiologic categories: nocturnal polyuria in 30%, a low functional bladder capacity in 23,6%, a combination of both in 24,5%, polyuria in 21,8% of the cases. In 54,5% of nocturics nocturia is due to change of physiological urine formation rhythm-nocturnal polyuria. So nocturnal polyuria is a frequent symptom among urinaryincontinent patients, with a negative impact on several aspects of the quality of life.

Risk factors of nocturia (two or more voids per night) in Chinese people older than 40 years.

To explore the risk factors of nocturia in Chinese inhabitants aged ≥40 years. A randomized, community-based, cross-sectional study was performed on 10,160 inhabitants ≥40 years old in mainland China, via a stratified sampling approach. A questionnaire, including socio-demographics, lifestyle factors and medical history, was completed. Nocturia was defined as a threshold of two or more voids per night. Differences in prevalence between age and gender groups were ascertained by the chi-squared test. Gender-related factors were evaluated by multivariate logistic regression analysis. P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Data on 9,637 (94.9%) people aged 59.6 ± 9.7 years qualified for final statistical analysis. The overall prevalence of nocturia was 31.7% (3,053/9,637), and this increased with age (P < 0.001). Nocturia was significantly associated with cardiovascular disease and overactive bladder symptom score (OABSS) (P < 0.05), while sporting activities were protective (P < 0.001). Diabetes mellitus (DM) was significantly correlated with nocturia in men (P < 0.05), whereas hypertension was correlated with nocturia in women (P < 0.05). No correlation was found between nocturia and education level, occupation, civil status, tea consumption, body mass index (BMI), female birth history, and International Prostate Symptom Score. In Chinese people aged ≥40 years, nocturia is associated with aging, OABSS, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and DM. Sporting activities are negatively associated with nocturia.

A population-based study of factors associated with nocturia in reproductive-aged Turkish women.

PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the prevalence of nocturia according to the International Continence Society (ICS) definition in Turkish women and to determine the associated risk factors and the correlation of other voiding symptoms with nocturia.Materials and MethodsA prospective epidemiological study was carried out by use of self-reported questionnaires in 4,250 reproductive-aged women from January 2013 to May 2013. The International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form and a questionnaire developed by the researchers according to the ICS were administered to define nocturia and other lower urinary tract symptoms. Other physical, reproductive, and health characteristics were also recorded concurrently.ResultsOverall, 1,636 women were included in the final analyses. The women had an average age of 34.4±5.26 years. The overall prevalence of nocturia was 34.7% (567 of 1,636 women). Women with nocturia were older (p<0.001), had a higher body mass index (p=0.026), and had more children (p<0.001). Nocturia occurred more frequently in women with a history of nocturnal enuresis (p<0.001). Three or more pregnancies, 3 or more deliveries, and age >40 years were significant risk factors for nocturia. We also found that other lower urinary tract symptoms correlated significantly (p<0.001) with nocturia.ConclusionsAlthough the prevalence of nocturia is higher with increasing age, younger adults are also affected. Nocturia may cause sleep disorders, mood disturbances, reduced quality of life, and distractibility. Thus, even if one void nightly causes a patient to experience bother, nocturia should be queried about and should be treated if necessary according to the cause of the disease.

The association of nocturia with sleep disorders and metabolic and chronic pulmonary conditions: data derived from the polysomnographic evaluations of 730 patients.

To evaluate the prevalence of nocturia among different degrees of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and its association with various clinical conditions. In 730 OSA patients, the prevalence and frequency of nocturia was determined, and the association of nocturia with clinical and laboratory variables such as the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), apnea duration, and minimum oxygen saturation and clinical conditions such as diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was determined. The overall prevalence of nocturia (≥2 wakes/night) was 50.9%. Prevalences ofnocturia in simple snoring and mild, moderate, and severe OSA patients were 40.6%, 44.4%, 58.6%, and 57.1%, respectively (P < 0.005). The frequency of nocturia significantly increases with the severity of OSA (1.4 ± 1.0 wakes/night in mild OSA vs. 2.0 ? 1.4 wakes/night in severe OSA, P = 0.001). Age, AHI, average oxygen saturation, and presence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and COPD were found to be significant risk factors associated with nocturia (P <0.001). The frequency of nocturia increases as the severity of OSA increase. The increased prevalence of nocturia in patients with OSA, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and COPD indicates the complex physiological background of this bothersome urologic symptom.

290 THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN NOCTURIA AND HYPERTENSION A LONGITUDINAL STUDY IN JAPANESE MEN AND WOMEN

You have accessJournal of UrologyGeneral & Epidemiological Trends & Socioeconomics: Practice Patterns, Cost Effectiveness II1 Apr 2012290 THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN NOCTURIA AND HYPERTENSION A LONGITUDINAL STUDY IN JAPANESE MEN AND WOMEN Yoshitaka Aoki, Yosuke Matsuta, Katsuki Tsuchiyama, Chieko Matsumoto, Yukinori Kusaka, and Osamu Yokoyama Yoshitaka AokiYoshitaka Aoki Fukui, Japan More articles by this author , Yosuke MatsutaYosuke Matsuta Fukui, Japan More articles by this author , Katsuki TsuchiyamaKatsuki Tsuchiyama Fukui, Japan More articles by this author , Chieko MatsumotoChieko Matsumoto Fukui, Japan More articles by this author , Yukinori KusakaYukinori Kusaka Fukui, Japan More articles by this author , and Osamu YokoyamaOsamu Yokoyama Fukui, Japan More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2012.02.348AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES The relation between nocturia and hypertension (HT) is not clear. Some authors reported that HT was an independent risk factor for nocturia (Odds ratio 1.5-2.0), but other studies reported no association between HT and nocturia. We hypothesized that the progression or regression of noctuira may associate changes in blood pressure. To investigate the association between nocturia and hypertension, we performed a longitudinal epidemiological study. METHODS We collected data on 13,536 individuals (4,167 males and 9,369 females) who participated in a multiphasic health screening in Fukui, Japan in 2003 and 2007. We analyzed the relationships between nocturia (defined as two or more voids/night) and other variables including age, gender, body mass index (BMI, body weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters), high blood pressure, and impaired glucose tolerance. We defined them as follows; high BMI (≥25.0 kg/m2); high blood pressure (systolic blood pressure ≥130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥85 mmHg); and impaired glucose tolerance (fasting glucose concentration ≥110 mg/dL). We could not include waist circumference in the definition of obesity, because waist circumference measurement was not available in our study. Chi-square tests and logistic regression models were used for statistical analysis. P-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS The mean age of participant was 66 years (23-95 years) in 2003. The overall prevalence of nocturia (≥2 voids/night) in 2003 and 2007 was 11.0% and 13.2%, and prevalence was higher in older age groups. In the univariate analysis, a significant relationship was found between the progression of nocturia and the following factors: age (OR 1.53), male gender (OR 1.54), and the incidence of high diastolic blood pressure (OR 1.21). A significant relationship was also found between the regression of nocturia and the following factors: age (OR 0.96), male gender (OR 0.66), the improvement of high diastolic blood pressure (OR 1.55), and impaired glucose tolerance (OR 1.21). In the multivariate analysis, a significant relationship was found between the progression of nocturia and age (OR 1.03) and male gender (1.43), and between the regression of nocturia and age (OR 0.96), male gender (0.75), the improvement of high diastolic blood pressure (OR 1.44). CONCLUSIONS The results from our epidemiological study indicate that changes of nocturia can be a marker of progression and regression for diastolic HT. © 2012 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 187Issue 4SApril 2012Page: e118 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2012 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Yoshitaka Aoki Fukui, Japan More articles by this author Yosuke Matsuta Fukui, Japan More articles by this author Katsuki Tsuchiyama Fukui, Japan More articles by this author Chieko Matsumoto Fukui, Japan More articles by this author Yukinori Kusaka Fukui, Japan More articles by this author Osamu Yokoyama Fukui, Japan More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Prevalence and Correlates of Nocturia in Community-dwelling Older Men: Results from the Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging

PurposeTo determine the prevalence and correlates of nocturia in Korean community-dwelling older men.Materials and MethodsA study population of 439 Korean elderly men (≥65 years of age, including 299 men from a randomly sampled population) was sampled from residents of Seongnam, Korea. Standardized face-to-face interviews and questionnaires were performed. In-person interviews solicited sociodemographic information, medical history, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score, and measurement of body mass index. Transrectal ultrasonography and laboratory tests including urinalysis and measurement of creatinine and prostate-specific antigen were performed. For the analysis of prevalence, 299 randomly sampled men were included. Men who answered the International Prostate Symptom Score questionnaire (n=424) were included in the analysis of the correlates of nocturia. Nocturia was defined as having to get up to urinate two or more times per night (≥2).ResultsThe overall prevalence of nocturia was 56.0% for community-dwelling older men. There was a significant correlation between age and the prevalence of nocturia (p<0.001). The univariate analysis revealed a significant association between nocturia and MMSE score (odds ratio [OR], 0.88; p<0.001), history of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (OR, 2.85; p=0.003), alpha-blocker usage (OR, 2.79; p=0.018), alcohol consumption (OR, 0.65; p=0.035), and smoking (OR, 0.58; p=0.025). Age, duration of education, MMSE score, and prostate volume were also significantly associated with nocturia. In the multivariate regression analysis using forward elimination, nocturia was significantly associated with a history of BPH and MMSE score.ConclusionsThe prevalence of nocturia was 56.0% in Korean community-dwelling older men. Nocturia was associated with age and a history of BPH. MMSE score was protective.

Bother index can be used in deciding how the symptom nocturia itself is important

Aim: To report the prevalence of nocturia. Associated risk factors and bother in various age groups (by decade) were evaluated in order to determine the characteristics of individuals who may need medical help. Materials and methods: To estimate the extent to which patients were bothered relative to nocturia in various age groups (by decade), a descriptive figure, the "bother index," was used. The bother index was calculated by dividing the number of individuals reporting a bother score higher than a symptom score by the number of individuals reporting a bother score lower than a symptom score in the same age and sex group. Results: Data from 940 women and 2073 men were analyzed. The overall prevalence of nocturia was 65%, with an increasing proportion in the older groups in both sexes (P < 0.001). In light of the bother index, nocturia was better tolerated in women than in men (0.0271 vs. 0.074, respectively), and patients with a higher frequency of nocturia also reported a higher bother score (P < 0.001). The highest bother index value was seen in the third decade (0.080), and it decreased as the decades progressed. Conclusion: Nocturia is better tolerated in women and elderly populations. The bother index may be a useful indicator of the bother of nocturia and may help in deciding whether an individual with nocturia needs medical help.

264 PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS FOR NOCTURIA IN US MEN: NATIONAL HEALTH AND NUTRITIONAL EXAMINATION SURVEY DATA

You have accessJournal of UrologyGeneral & Epidemiological Trends & Socioeconomics: Quality of Life1 Apr 2010264 PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS FOR NOCTURIA IN US MEN: NATIONAL HEALTH AND NUTRITIONAL EXAMINATION SURVEY DATA Alayne D. Markland, Theodore M. Johnson, Patricia S. Goode, David T. Redden, and Kathryn L. Burgio Alayne D. MarklandAlayne D. Markland Birmingham, AL More articles by this author , Theodore M. JohnsonTheodore M. Johnson Atlanta, GA More articles by this author , Patricia S. GoodePatricia S. Goode Birmingham, AL More articles by this author , David T. ReddenDavid T. Redden Birmingham, AL More articles by this author , and Kathryn L. BurgioKathryn L. Burgio Birmingham, AL More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2010.02.324AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Nocturia is a bothersome lower urinary tract symptom whose prevalence may vary by geographic region and/or race. No US population-based estimates exist for nocturia among men. Our objectives were to estimate nocturia prevalence for the US male population and evaluate risk factors for nocturia. METHODS Data were analyzed for 5297 men (≥20 years) from the 2005-2006 and 2007-2008 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a nationally representative survey of the US noninstitutionalized population. Nocturia was assessed with the question: ″During the past 30 days, how many times per night did you most typically get up to urinate, from the time you went to bed at night until the time you got up in the morning?″ Getting up 2 or more times at night to urinate was coded as nocturia. Potential risk factors included: age; race/ethnicity; education; body mass index (BMI, kg/m2); self-reported health status; enlarged prostate diagnosis (men ≥40 years of age); self-reported chronic diseases; and depression status from the validated Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (≥10 defined major depression). Analyses included weighted prevalence estimates and weighted Pearson′s chi square test of univariate factors associated with nocturia. Variables significant at a level of P≥0.05 were entered into a multivariable logistic regression analysis using appropriate sampling weights. RESULTS The overall prevalence of nocturia ≥2 times per night was 21% (weighted 95% confidence interval [CI] 19.3-23.0) of men responding on nocturia (n=4659). Nocturia increased in prevalence with age (p<0.001) from 8.2% (95% CI 6.7-10.2) in men aged 20-34 years up to 55.8% (95% CI 51.3-60.2) in men 75 years and older. More African-American men had nocturia (30.2%, 95% CI 26.7-34.1) than other racial/ethnic groups (20.1%, 95% CI 18.1-22.1, p<0.001). Significant risk factors for nocturia in weighted multivariable analysis included: 10-year increase in age (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.6, 95% CI 1.4, 1.7), African American race/ethnicity 2.0 (95% CI 1.4, 2.7), fair/poor self-rated health 1.9 (95% CI 1.4, 2.5), major depression 2.7 (95% CI 1.7, 4.1), and hypertension 1.3 (95% CI 1.0, 1.6). BMI, diabetes, and prostatic enlargement were not risk factors for nocturia. CONCLUSIONS In this population-based study adjusting for US age and race norms, nocturia occurred in >38 million US men (21%), which is significantly higher than other non-US, population-based estimates. African-American men had more nocturia even when controlling for demographic factors and comorbid conditions. © 2010 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 183Issue 4SApril 2010Page: e104 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2010 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Alayne D. Markland Birmingham, AL More articles by this author Theodore M. Johnson Atlanta, GA More articles by this author Patricia S. Goode Birmingham, AL More articles by this author David T. Redden Birmingham, AL More articles by this author Kathryn L. Burgio Birmingham, AL More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Correlations between enuresis in children and nocturia in mothers

To demonstrate a relationship between enuresis and nocturia. The study investigated 250 mothers (average age 34.6 +/- 3.3 years) whose children attended the Department of Pediatrics of the Second University of Naples because they suffered from enuresis. Data were collected by self-reported questionnaire and personal interview. All women provided written informed consent with guarantees of confidentiality. Both the presence of nocturia in adulthood and enuresis in childhood were taken into account. The overall prevalence of nocturia was 38% (n = 95). There was a history of childhood bedwetting in eight mothers (5%) without nocturia and in 61 mothers (65%) with nocturia; the difference was significant (chi(2) p < 0.01). Moreover, among the 110 enuretic children of nocturic mothers, 69 (62%) suffered from non-monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (NMNE), and 34 (56%) of their mothers suffered from NMNE in childhood. Nocturic mothers suffering from non-monosymptomatic enuresis during their childhood had offspring with a higher risk of developing non-monosymptomatic enuresis (odds ratio 4.3 95%, confidence interval 2.6-7.1, p < 0.01). These findings enabled a close connection between nocturia in adulthood and enuresis in childhood to be hypothesized. Furthermore, this analysis provided evidence of the link between suffering from nocturia, and previously from enuresis, and having children affected by enuresis.

Are Racial/Ethnic Disparities in the Prevalence of Nocturia Due to Socioeconomic Status? Results of the BACH Survey

Racial/ethnic disparities in nocturia prevalence have been reported previously. We estimated nocturia prevalence rates by race/ethnicity and determined the contribution of socioeconomic status to potential differences by race/ethnicity. The Boston Area Community Health Survey used a multistage stratified design to recruit a random sample of 5,501 adults, including 2,301 men and 3,200 women, who were 30 to 79 years old. Nocturia was defined as voiding more than once per night in the last week or voiding more than once per night fairly often, usually or almost always in the last month. Self-reported race/ethnicity was defined as black, Hispanic and white. Socioeconomic status was defined as a combination of education and household income. The overall prevalence of nocturia was 28.4% with a higher prevalence in black and Hispanic participants compared to white participants (38.6% and 30.7%, respectively, vs 23.2%), a trend that was consistent by gender. After adjusting for socioeconomic status the increased odds of nocturia in Hispanic men disappeared (adjusted OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.71, 1.52), while the OR in black men was attenuated but remained statistically significant (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.12, 2.21). In women the association between race/ethnicity and nocturia was attenuated but remained statistically significant after adjusting for socioeconomic status. Socioeconomic status accounts for part of the racial/ethnic disparities in prevalence of nocturia. The effect of socioeconomic status was more pronounced in men and in Hispanic participants, while differences in nocturia prevalence remained significant in black men and women.

Nocturia in Spanish patients with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH)

ABSTRACTObjective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of nocturia and its impact on quality of life (QoL) in Spanish patients with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH).Research design and methods: This was a Spanish, multicentre, cross-sectional study. Outpatients aged 60 years and over with LUTS/BPH, a prostate size ≥ 25 g, untreated for LUTS/BPH and responding to the International Prostate Symptom Score (I-PSS) were included. Nocturia was defined as ≥ 2 nocturnal voids/night. The Spanish version of the Nocturia-specific Quality of Life (N-QoL) questionnaire assessed the impact of nocturia on QoL, with a low score indicating a poor QoL due to nocturia.Results: A total of 502 patients were included; mean age 68.1 ± 5.7 years, mean I-PSS 14.9 ± 7.1, mean prostate size 50.9 ± 20 g. The overall prevalence of nocturia was 83.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 79.8–86.4). Patients with nocturia had a lower score on the overall N-QoL questionnaire and the sleep/energy and bother/concern domains than those without nocturia ( p < 0.001); 42.9% of patients with nocturia stated that they had a good-very good QoL compared to 90.6% in those without nocturia ( p < 0.001).Conclusion: This study shows a high prevalence of nocturia in Spanish LUTS/BPH patients. Nocturia negatively impacts on the QoL of LUTS/BPH patients, which is reflected in worse sleep, reduced energy levels and increased bother and concern. Therefore adequate treatment of this symptom is necessary.

Prevalence and bother of nocturia, and causes of sleep interruption in a Danish population of men and women aged 60–80 years

To study the prevalence and bother of nocturia, and sleep interruptions in an unselected population of Danish men and women aged 60-80 years. A postal questionnaire was sent to 2000 women and 2000 men aged 60, 65, 70, 75, and 80 years. The population was selected at random from The Danish Civil Registration System, in which every person living in Denmark is identified. The Nocturia, Nocturnal Enuresis and Sleep-interruption Questionnaire (NNES-Q) was used to evaluate nocturia and bother, and sleep interruptions. Nocturia was defined as waking at night to void, according to the International Continence Society definition. In all, 92% (3664) subjects returned the questionnaire; 71% completed the questionnaire satisfactorily and were included in the study. The prevalence of nocturia increased with age. The overall prevalence of nocturia was 77% and there was no difference between men and women (P = 0.11), but men had slightly more severe nocturia than women. The bother caused by nocturia in men and women increased with the severity of nocturia, and women were slightly more bothered than men when the degree of nocturia was >2 voids/night. Nocturia was the most frequent self-reported reason for waking at night, followed by thirst. The prevalence of nocturia increased with age. There was no difference between the genders in the overall prevalence of nocturia, but nocturia of > or = 2 voids/night was more frequent in men. The degree of bother increased with the severity of nocturia, even after correcting for generic quality of life, and the younger groups were the most bothered. Nocturia was the major reason for waking at night, followed by thirst.

A population study of nocturia in Singapore

To estimate the prevalence of nocturia in the multiracial Asian population of Singapore, using the new International Continence Society standardized definition of one or more voids per night, and to assess its associations, bothersomeness and impact on sleep. A door-to-door interview questionnaire survey was conducted amongst a randomly selected sample of 3000 individuals (response rate 78.2%). Nocturia and its associated problems were evaluated using questions from the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), and concurrently, sociodemographic and health variables were recorded. Data from 1134 women (aged 20-95 years) and 1139 men (aged 20-92 years) were analysed; the overall prevalence of nocturia (one or more voids/night) was 55.5%, with an increasing proportion in older groups (P < 0.01). Women had nocturia significantly (P = 0.015) more often than men (58% vs 53%), and it was positively associated with poor health, with the highest odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for diabetes mellitus of 2.0 (1.3-3.1), for renal disease of 6.4 (2.3-18.2), and for strokes of 3.1 (1.1-9.2). In both men and women, the median IPSS in patients with nocturia was significantly higher than that in patients without nocturia (P < 0.001). For individuals waking once a night, only 9.5% considered nocturia a problem and 13.5% complained of sleep disturbances; these values increased to 36% and 40% for individuals waking up twice or more /night. Nocturia is a common condition amongst Singaporean adults, especially in the elderly; it has strong associations with poor health and other lower urinary tract symptoms. The degree of nocturia determines whether patients are likely to be bothered by it or have sleep disturbance, which will influence their help-seeking behaviour.

Prevalence, impact on the quality of life and pathophysiological determinants of nocturia in urinary incontinent women

The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of nocturia in incontinent women in a urogynaecologic practice and its association with the quality of life and to estimate the prevalences of the pathophysiological categories among nocturics. From 1 January 2002, all patients with complaints of urinary incontinence were analysed according to a specific protocol: multichannel urodynamic testing, a 1-h International Incontinence Society (ICS) pad test and a 3-day frequency-volume (FV) chart. From 1 June 2002, subjects had to fill in a standardised quality of life questionnaire as well. Nocturia was defined as two or more micturitions per night calculated from the FV chart. Evaluable FV charts were received from 111 patients, and 72 patients completed the questionnaires correctly. The overall prevalence of nocturia was 48.6% (confidence interval: 43.9-53.3%). Nocturia had a negative impact on several aspects of the quality of life. The maximum voided volume was significantly (p=0.005) less in nocturics. The 24-h frequency was higher in nocturics (p=0.001). Nocturics lost more urine during the pad test (p=0.039). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the greater the proportion of 24-h urine excreted at night, the greater the odds of having nocturia and that the lesser the maximum voided volume, the greater the odds of having nocturia. The majority (92.7%) of the nocturics can be classified into one of the responsible pathophysiologic categories: nocturnal polyuria in 51.2%, a low functional bladder capacity in 14.6%, a combination of both in 9.8%, polyuria in 4.9% and a combination of polyuria and nocturnal polyuria in 12.2% of the cases. Nocturia is a frequent symptom among urinary incontinent patients, with a negative impact on several aspects of the quality of life. With a FV chart, nocturics can be classified into one of the responsible pathophysiologic categories in the majority (92.7%) of the cases.