Ovarian Follicular Hormone Research Articles

Pattern of Ovarian Follicular Development and Steroid Hormone Concentrations during Estrous Cycle of Lohi Sheep

Pattern of Ovarian Follicular Development and Steroid Hormone Concentrations during Estrous Cycle of Lohi Sheep

A phase 1, multicentre, open-label study to evaluate ovarian follicular activity and hormone levels with an extended-regimen combined oral contraceptive with low-dose ethinyl estradiol supplementation

Objectives To evaluate the effect on ovarian follicular activity of the 91-day extended-regimen combined oral contraceptive (COC), consisting of 84 days of levonorgestrel (LNG)/ethinylestradiol (EE) 150 μg/30 μg tablets plus seven days of EE 10 μg tablets in place of placebo.Methods This was a phase 1, open-label study. Ovarian follicular activity was classified via the Hoogland and Skouby method. Safety and tolerability as well as return to ovulation were assessed.Results Of the 35 subjects included in the efficacy analysis, luteinized, unruptured follicles, or ovulation were detected in 0 of 35 cycles during the first 28-day interval; 1 of 35 cycles (2.9%) in the second 28-day interval; and 2 of 35 cycles (5.7%) in the final 35-day interval. The ovarian activity rate over the entire 91-day treatment period was 2.9%. There was a low incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events. Ovulation returned in most subjects (77.1%, 27/35) within 32 days following the last dose of COC.Conclusions The 91-day extended-regimen COC with low-dose EE supplementation was found to be effective in suppressing ovarian activity and inhibiting ovulation and was well tolerated. Return to ovulation was rapid, occurring within approximately one month after discontinuation of COC.Chinese 摘要：目的：评估91天扩展方案的复方口服避孕药对卵巢卵泡活性的影响，包括84天的左炔诺孕酮/炔雌醇（剂量分别为150ug/30ug）,剩余7天使用炔雌醇10ug代替安慰剂。方法：这是一项1期的开放式研究。卵巢卵泡活性分类采用Hoogland 及Skouby方法。并评估药物的安全性、耐受性及恢复排卵的情况。结果：有效性分析纳入35名研究对象，卵巢卵泡活性包括未破裂卵泡黄素化或排卵发生。在第一个28天内，其发生率为0/35，在第二个28天内，监测的未破裂的黄素化卵泡或排卵发生率为1/35（2.9%），在最后的35天内，监测的未破裂的黄素化卵泡或排卵发生率为2/35（5.7%）。在91天的整个治疗期内，卵巢的活动率为2.9%。治疗中出现的不良事件发生率低。停止服用复方口服避孕药后32天内大部分人恢复排卵（77.1%，27/35）。结论：补充小剂量炔雌醇的91天扩展方案的复方口服避孕药能有效抑制卵巢活力，抑制排卵，耐受性好。停用复方口服避孕药后排卵恢复快，几乎在一个月内恢复排卵。

Exercise affects both ovarian follicular dynamics and hormone concentrations in mares

The objectives were to evaluate the effects of exercise on ovarian folliculogenesis and related hormones in mares. Mares (n = 11) were randomly assigned into a control (non-exercised) or treatment (exercised) group. Treatment mares (n = 5) were moderately exercised for 30 min, 6 d/wk. All mares underwent daily transrectal ultrasonographic examinations and ovarian follicles > 6 mm were measured. Blood samples were collected during the first (Cycle 1) and last (Cycle 4) cycle, and serum concentrations of cortisol, LH, and FSH were determined. Mean cortisol concentrations were elevated (P < 0.05) in exercised mares, 6.29 ± 0.22 compared with 5.62 ± 0.16 ng/dL (mean ± SEM), 30 min post exercise. There were no significant differences between groups in mean FSH concentrations; however, exercised mares had lower (17.3 ± 6.4 vs 41.1 ± 5.5 ng/mL; P < 0.05) peak LH concentrations. Furthermore, exercised mares experienced a longer (24.7 ± 0.8 vs 22.2 ± 0.8 d; P < 0.05) mean interovulatory interval for all cycles combined, fewer (P < 0.05) follicles 6 to 20 mm in diameter, and an increased (P < 0.05) number of follicles >20 mm following deviation. The dominant and largest subordinate follicle in exercised mares had a greater (P < 0.05) mean diameter on the day of deviation, suggesting delayed deviation. Exercised mares also tended (P = 0.06) to have an increased number of cycles with at least two dominant follicles compared to control (62 vs 36%, respectively), indicating a decreased ability of the largest follicle to assert dominance. Under the conditions of this study, moderately exercising mares induced higher cortisol concentrations, lowered peak LH concentrations, and altered ovarian follicular dynamics.

Follicular origins of modern reproductive endocrinology

This essay looks at the historical significance of the APS Classic Paper: Allen E, Doisy EA. The induction of a sexually mature condition in immature females by injection of the ovarian follicular hormone. Am J Physiol 69: 577-588, 1924 (http://ajplegacy.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/69/3/577).

Intrafollicular effect of IGF1 on development of follicle dominance in mares

The effect of an injection of a supraphysiologic dose of rhIGF1 into the second-largest ovarian follicle (F2) at the expected beginning of deviation (F1, ≥20 mm; Day 0) on development of dominance by F2 was studied in mares ( n = 16; controls, n = 8). F1 became dominant (≥28 mm) in 8 of 8 and 15 of 16 follicles in the controls and treated groups, respectively. The incidence of dominance ( P < 0.001) and ovulation ( P < 0.02) for F2 was greater for the IGF1 group (13 of 16 and 10 of 16) than for the controls (1 of 8 and 1 of 8). There were day effects but no group effects or group-by-day interactions for systemic FSH, LH, estradiol, or ir-inhibin during the 4 days after treatment. In another experiment, treatment of every follicle, excluding F1, when it reached ≥20 mm after the expected beginning of deviation resulted in dominance by 8 of 12 follicles treated with rhIGF1 on Days 1–3 ( n = 8 mares). Results demonstrated that the IGF1 system plays a pivotal intrafollicular role in the deviation mechanism without altering systemic concentrations of the gonadotropins and ovarian follicular hormones.

Ovarian programming of gamete progression and maturation in the female genital tract

Whilst the rate of displacement and migration of sperm cells in the female reproductive tract of rodents, farm animals and humans has attracted attention for at least 50 years, the overriding purpose of sperm transport has not always been kept in focus. This report is concerned with spermatozoa that can penetrate the egg investments and promote formation of a zygote, judgements involving a surgical approach and subsequent phase-contrast microscopy. A minimum period of 6–8 hours was required for such spermatozoa to be established in the oviducts in sheep and cows mated at the onset of oestrus. Sperm were then arrested in the caudal 12 cm of the isthmus for 17–18 hours or more until just before the moment of ovulation, when they were activated and displaced onwards to the site of fertilization at the ampullary-isthmic junction. The time-scale of these events differs in pigs as a result of the intra-uterine site of ejaculation and the 40-hour interval between the onset of oestrus and ovulation, but the pre-ovulatory sequestering of viable spermatozoa in the caudal tip of the oviduct is conspicuous for 36 hours or more. This function of the oviduct appears to be under local control from ovarian follicular hormones and, as judged by sperm motility and membranous changes, so does the process of capacitation. Completion of capacitation is interpreted as a peri-ovulatory event.

Human fertilization in vivo, with special reference to progression, storage and release of competent spermatozoa.

Whilst very large numbers of spermatozoa accumulate in the cervical mucus and crypts in the hours following coitus, evidence is offered from species with comparable gonadotrophin surge-to-ovulation intervals to suggest that the cervix is not the site of the functional sperm reservoir in women. On the contrary, human spermatozoa involved in the events of fertilization may spend the greater part of the pre-ovulatory interval in the distal portion of the Fallopian tube, that is in the intra-mural segment. This would enable spermatozoa to be arrested within reach of the site of fertilization in the ampullary region of the tube, and to be activated and released close to the time of ovulation by means of a local transfer of high concentrations of ovarian follicular hormones. The clinical importance of confirming this proposed role for the intra-mural segment of the tube is stressed, as is the possibility of specific micro-environments within the lumen of the duct.

The influence of danazol on pituitary function and on the ovarian follicular hormone secretion in premenopausal women.

The purpose of this investigation was to study the influence of danazol on the basal levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), on their response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), as well as the effect of different doses on the serum levels of prolactin, estradiol and progesterone. Three groups of regularly menstruating women were treated with danazol, 600, 400 and 200 mg a day, respectively. Serum samples were obtained--and in the 600 mg group a GnRH-test was performed--before, and after one, 3 and 6 months of continuous medication. LH, FSH, prolactin, estradiol and progesterone were measured by radio-immunoassay. Compared with pretreatment levels in the early follicular phase, basal serum levels of gonadotropins were unchanged during treatment with danazol 600 mg. However, compared with pretreatment levels later on in the menstrual cycle, a slight but significant decrease in LH and increase in FSH were observed. The pituitary responsiveness to GnRH was significantly higher during danazol treatment, than found during the early follicular phase. Serum prolactin levels decreased significantly during treatment with 600 and 400 mg a day, but not with 200 mg a day. The mean estradiol levels on danazol 600 mg a day varied between 153 +/- 9 (SE) and 161 +/- 17 pmol/l, corresponding to the levels in the early follicular phase (100-250 pmol/l). In the lower dose groups, the mean estradiol levels were significantly higher, varying between 265 +/- 30 and 321 +/- 57 pmol/l in the 400 mg group, and between 279 +/- 39 and 405 +/- 125 pmol/l in the 200 mg group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Transport of spermatozoa in the sheep oviduct: preovulatory sequestering of cells in the caudal isthmus.

Progression of ram spermatozoa within the sheep oviduct has been studied in relation to the time of ovulation. Ewes were mated at the onset of estrus and, at increasing intervals thereafter, the oviduct isthmus was transected 1.5-2.0 cm proximal to the utero-tubal junction. The incidence of fertilization and number of accessory spermatozoa were examined in eggs recovered 1 to 3 days after surgery. Ovulation occurred 24-26 hours after the onset of estrus. None of 52 eggs recovered from 48 oviducts transected up to 21 hours after mating was fertilized, nor were spermatozoa associated with the zona pellucida. Two of 33 eggs (6.1%) from 29 oviducts transected between 22 and 24 hours after mating were fertilized, while 3 of 14 eggs (21.4%) and 13 of 16 eggs (81.3%) were fertilized with transection at 25 and 26 hours, respectively. The mean numbers of accessory spermatozoa on eggs in the latter two groups were 0.7 (range 0-2) and 7.9 (range 0-26). Results from transection at 27-30 hours after mating indicated a progressive release and adovarian movement of spermatozoa. Viable spermatozoa are apparently sequestered in the caudal isthmus for as long as 17-18 hours, until shortly before ovulation, when a local transfer of ovarian follicular hormones is thought to facilitate their redistribution. The adrenergic stimulation of powerful adovarian waves of contraction in the isthmus at this time may also act to provoke the capacitation and hyperactivation of ram spermatozoa.

SENSITIVITY TO ESTROGEN STUDIED BY MEANS OF EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED MATING RESPONSES IN THE FEMALE GUINEA PIG AND RAT1

IT IS GENERALLY RECOGNIZED that the response of an organism to estrogenic treatment is influenced not only by the quality and quantity of the substance used but also by the sensitivity or threshold to the hormone. Coward and Burn (I), Marrian and Parkes (2), and D'Amour and Gustavson (3) postulate that differences in the extent of the vaginal reaction to equal doses of estrogen are attributable toindividual differences in sensitivity. The importance of age in the degree of response to estrogenic treatment is apparent from the observation (4) that the menstrual thresh-old to ovarian follicular hormone is high in immature rhesus monkeys and from the observation (5) that the responsiveness of the perineum in adult baboons is more marked than in prepuberal animals Wiesner (6) states that, due to the absence of reactivity to estrogen, cornification of the vagina and enlargement of the uterus are not detectable within the first few days of postnatal life

Dermovascular Action of Estrogen, The Ovarian Follicular Hormone

Dermovascular Action of Estrogen, The Ovarian Follicular Hormone

Female Sex Hormones

THE OVARIAN FOLLICULAR HORMONES BY PROF. E. A. DOISY, ST. Louis UNIVERSITY THE ovarian follicular hormone, manufactured in the ripening follicle of the ovary, is one of the so-called œstrogenic hormones—chemicals which cause the female to exhibit mating behaviour. In the human and in other animals the œstrogenic hormones prepare the lining of the uterus for the reception of the fertilized egg, stimulate the development of mammary glands, and at the time of birth activate the womb.

Neutralization of Ovarian Follicular Hormone in Women by Simultaneous Administration of Male Sex Hormone.

ConclusionStudies of vaginal smears and biopsies indicate that the male hormone (testosterone propionate) is able to neutralize, in women, the effects of estradiol on the cornification of the vaginal epithelium.

Hyperplasia of Uterine Muscle, as Studied by the Colchicine Method

Summary And Conclusions(1) The muscles of the uterus of the ovariectomized mouse and rat undergo hyperplasia in response to ovarian follicular hormone (theelin) and a similar response is obtained in normal animals injected with prephysin and pregnant mares' serum. (2) The mitotic index, accentuated by arrest of mitosis in metaphase with colchicine, makes this new evidence especially convincing. (3) The highest index is obtained after 2 or more days of hormone action when the uterus is distended by secretion, as occurs at estrus in the mouse and rat. (4) The uterus of the ovariectomized rabbit, distended with paraffin pellets, but not treated with sex hormones, also shows hyperplasia at the sites of distention. As many as 50 mitoses may be counted in the muscle in one cross section of the uterus after 73 hours of distention. The endometrium in the same section contains few mitoses, is infiltrated with leucocytes and shows other signs of castrate atrophy. (5) Apparently both (a) endocrine stimulation and (b...

TREATMENT OF INVOLUTIONAL MELANCHOLIA BY ESTROGEN

The pathologic physiology of the menopause has been placed on a valid basis by the work of endocrinologists in the past ten years. Fluhmann 1 noted that following the menopause the anterior hypophysis hypertrophies and there is an increase in the amount of gonadotropic hormone of the anterior hypophysis in the blood serum of many of these women. The ovarian follicular hormone estrogen, on the other hand, decreases. 2 Meyer, Leonard, Hisaw and Martin 3 showed that the administration of estrogen diminished the gonad stimulating potency of the anterior hypophyses of castrate male and female rats. In the treatment of involutional melancholia, estrogen has heretofore been used by different investigators with varying success. Recently 4 the use of prolonged and adequate doses of estrogen raised the percentage of clinical cures. A similar method in the case reported here resulted in cure, although during the first month of treatment the case appeared refractory to treatment.

Syndrome accompanying deficiency or absence of the ovarian follicular hormone: Werner, A. A.: Endocrinology 19: 695, 1935

Syndrome accompanying deficiency or absence of the ovarian follicular hormone: Werner, A. A.: Endocrinology 19: 695, 1935

STUDIES ON LIPASE&lt;subtitle&gt;III. Report. Effect of ovarian follicular hormone on the pancreatic lipase&lt;/subtitle&gt;

Journal Article STUDIES ON LIPASE: III. Report. Effect of ovarian follicular hormone on the pancreatic lipase Get access YOSHIO IWASAKI YOSHIO IWASAKI Institute of Medical Chemistry, Kyushu imperial Unirersity Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Biochemistry, Volume 25, Issue 2, 1937, Pages 177–180, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a125607 Published: 01 March 1937 Article history Received: 16 December 1936 Published: 01 March 1937

CLINICAL EXPERIENCES IN THE USE OF DETERMINATIONS OF BLOOD IODINE

In the study of disease of the endocrine glands it is extremely important to be able to determine with accuracy the amounts of hormones present in the body. The results of assays of blood and urine for the amount of estrogenic hormone serve as indexes of the production of ovarian follicular hormone. 1 Assay for testicular hormone in the urine is of considerable assistance in the diagnosis of hypogonadism in the male, 2 and the estimation of the amount of the gonadotropic hormone in the blood and urine by various methods gives a means of estimating the activity of the pituitary gland. 3 The value for blood iodine may be used as a direct indication of the activity of the thyroid gland. Various methods have been described by which determinations of blood iodine may be made. Modifications of the von Fellenberg technic 4 have been used successfully, but the method

The action of ovarian follicular hormone in the menopause, as indicated by vaginal smears

The action of ovarian follicular hormone in the menopause, as indicated by vaginal smears

Cytology of the Monkey Endometrium Under Influence of Follicular and Corpus Luteum Hormones.

The histologic features of the endometrium of Macacus rhesus monkeys under treatment with the ovarian hormones have already been described by one of us (Hisaw1). We have had the opportunity to make cytological studies involving the use of various special stains upon specimens from 4 uteri under the influence of the ovarian follicular hormone (oestrin) and upon specimens from 6 uteri under the influence of the corpus luteum hormone (corporin). The monkeys used were castrated immature or young adult females, and the dosage and duration of treatment were sufficient to produce the histologic pictures in the endometrium which have been described (Hisaw1) as characteristic of oestrin or of corporin stimulation.Glycogen. Special staining methods do not ordinarily reveal the presence of any glycogen in the endometrial epithelial cells during treatment with pure oestrin. However, minute traces of glycogen may be found occasionally in the basal ends of some cells following prolonged treatment with large doses of oe...