Outstanding Scientist Research Articles

Mitocentricity.

Worldwide, interest in mitochondria is constantly growing, as evidenced by scientific statistics, and studies of the functioning of these organelles are becoming more prevalent than studies of other cellular structures. In this analytical review, mitochondria are conditionally placed in a certain cellular center, which is responsible for both energy production and other non-energetic functions, without which the existence of not only the eukaryotic cell itself, but also the entire organism is impossible. Taking into account the high multifunctionality of mitochondria, such a fundamentally new scheme of cell functioning organization, including mitochondrial management of processes that determine cell survival and death, may be justified. Considering that this issue is dedicated to the memory of V. P. Skulachev, who can be called mitocentric, due to the history of his scientific activity almost entirely aimed at studying mitochondria, this work examines those aspects of mitochondrial functioning that were directly or indirectly the focus of attention of this outstanding scientist. We list all possible known mitochondrial functions, including membrane potential generation, synthesis of Fe-S clusters, steroid hormones, heme, fatty acids, and CO2. Special attention is paid to the participation of mitochondria in the formation and transport of water, as a powerful biochemical cellular and mitochondrial regulator. The history of research on reactive oxygen species that generate mitochondria is subject to significant analysis. In the section "Mitochondria in the center of death", special emphasis is placed on the analysis of what role and how mitochondria can play and determine the program of death of an organism (phenoptosis) and the contribution made to these studies by V. P. Skulachev.

The life journey of Professor Leonid Vasilievich Dmitrenko

The essay is dedicated to Leonid Vasilyevich Dmitrenko, a Soviet and Russian scientist and specialist in the field of chemical physics, whose scientific, pedagogical, and organizational activities unquestionably laid the foundation for further development in the area of high-molecular compounds and their industrial production. Leonid Vasilyevich was an outstanding scientist and researcher, distinguished by his intellectualism, kind attitude towards colleagues and students, and his concern for people's problems, providing invaluable assistance and support to those in need. Bright memories of Leonid Vasilyevich will forever remain in the hearts and minds of his relatives, coworkers, and students and graduates of the university. This essay is written with the support of Leonid Vasilyevich's daughter, Julia Leonidovna Berdnikova, who was able to provide materials from her family's archives.

Contribution of Vladimir Lazarevich Bykov (1947–2022) to the development of Russian histology, cytology, and embryology

The main stages of the life and works of the renowned Russian scientist and teacher Vladimir Lazarevich Bykov are highlighted in this article. His scientific research focused on several fundamental and applied problems in histology, cytology, embryology, and pathomorphology (histophysiology of the thyroid gland, pathomorphology of various organs with candidiasis, morphofunctional characteristics of the oral cavity organs, analysis of the protective mechanisms of the mucous membranes of the digestive organs, history of morphology, and methods of teaching histology, cytology, and embryology). His library of educational literature on histology, cytology, and embryology is a modern encyclopedic body of knowledge on these academic fields. His contributions to the journal Morphology as an editorial board member (1992–2022) and editor-in-chief (2002–2016) are invaluable.

A.P. Rudanovsky and his ideas of balance sheet analysis as an enterprise model.

This article is devoted to the contribution to the development of Russian accounting by one of the outstanding scientists of the XX century Alexander Pavlovich Rudanovsky. Particular attention is paid to balance sheet as a central category in the researcher’s works. In Rudanovsky’s works the balance sheet can be considered as a model in the modern sense of economic relations. Despite the fact that Rudanovsky’s ideas were not subsequently developed by Soviet economists, they were highly appreciated and inspired post-Soviet researchers to updated concepts. Thus, the study of its theoretical provisions remains relevant.

Remembering M.S. Swaminathan: An outstanding scientist and visionary leader

Remembering M.S. Swaminathan: An outstanding scientist and visionary leader

Some moments in the history of the Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (to the 50th anniversary of the foundation)

The article briefly reviews the background and history of the creation of the Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (IMBG), organized in July 1973, in particular the state and trends of the development of genetics and molecular biology in Ukraine in the 1960s and 1970s and further in the IMBG until 2020s Some events that preceded the creation of the IMBG, the stages of the formation of new scientific directions, the creation of scientific departments and laboratories, the main scientific achievements and achievements over the 50 years of the institute's existence are analyzed. Special attention is paid to various stages of formation and development of scientific departments, achievements of individual outstanding scientists of the institute, role of IMBG in the development of molecular biology, genetics and biotechnology.

Life is like a reservoir into which a scientist who is completely devoted to his work plunges

The article is devoted to the description of the pages of the life and scientific activity of the outstanding Ukrainian scientist N. I. Zagubizhenko, who made a great contribution to the formation of the theoretical base on the enrichment of natural and artificial water bodies with fodder resources in the conditions of the Steppe zone of Ukraine. Being a student of the doctor of biological sciences, professor P. O. Zhuravel [1,2], who believed that the enrichment of the benthic fauna of the Steppe zone of Ukraine can be carried out by introducing animal organisms that are absent in these reservoirs, which are characterized by wide plasticity and high vitality [9,12,15], Nadezhda Ivanovna Zagubizhenko was engaged in the study of the reconstruction of the benthic fauna of the reservoirs of southeastern Ukraine. In connection with the instability of the fodder base of water bodies in the Steppe zone of Ukraine, the question of the introduction of representatives of the estuarine fauna, their habituation and inclusion in the food rations of a number of commercial fish was and remains relevant in the current period of time. According to the nature of nutrition, most acclimatizers are biofilters [9], for which there is a sufficient amount of food in the form of detritus, the remains of higher aquatic vegetation, in most reservoirs of the Steppe zone of Ukraine. The conduct and substantiation of these research works were of a positive nature and have a significant contribution to the scientific base, theory, and practice of enriching water bodies with fodder resources and preserving the environment. The quality of water at all times has been and is one of the main indicators of the standard of living, therefore, all developed societies make every effort to provide the population and economy with a sufficient amount of water of a quality that is adequate to the requirements of the consumer. Most of the water comes from natural sources – rivers, lakes, reservoirs, the water quality of which must not only be assessed, but also predicted. Two main components are responsible for the quality of water in nature – the catchment basin and the ecological system of the water body [6, p. 36]. Each of them is located in certain conditions of geography and climate, characteristic of the region under study, in our research – the Steppe zone of Ukraine.

АКАДЕМИК АЛЕКСАНДР ПЕТРОВИЧ ЛИСИЦЫН – ЖИЗНЬ В ГЕОЛОГИИ

Academician Alexander Petrovich Lisitzin is an outstanding pioneer scientist in the field of ocean sedimentogenesis, whose works forced to revise the previously prevailing ideas about the patterns of modern and ancient sedimentation in the World Ocean, founder of the School of marine geology in Russia, who worked for more than 70 years at the P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Sergey I. Tyulpanov — statesman and outstanding scientist: Historical role and academic legacy

Sergei Ivanovich Tyulpanov is an outstanding scientist, military leader, diplomat, citizen, an extraordinary person, born in 1901, who for more than eighty years shared the fate of his people and his Motherland. The article presents the joint work of N. P. Kuznetsova, one of Tyulpanov’s graduate students in the 70s of the last century, S. F. Sutyrin, head of the department of world economics, who took the baton from the school of the department of international economic relations and the department of modern capitalism economics in 1996, and professor L. D. Shirokorad, who spent his entire professional life working on the problems of the history of economic thought and the development of the Faculty of Economics at Leningrad State University — St. Petersburg State University. The article is divided into four parts: the initial stage of Tyulpanov’s military and academic career up to the WWII, military and ideological activity during the Great Patriotic war, the role of the Soviet military administration in Germany / SVAG Information Department in the formation of post-war Germany, the creation of the Department of Modern Capitalism Economics — a unique center for teaching and studying the economics and politics of developed and developing countries.

Пути интенсификации развития необжитых регионов Российской Федерации

The uninhabited regions development in the Russian Federation, located in remote and hard-to-reach areas of Siberia and the Far East, where up to 90 % of the estimated resources of especially valuable (strategic) raw materials have been explored, is an important scientific and practical problem. Energy supply of territories in extreme climate conditions, including the Arctic shelf, will ensure the new logistics solutions implementation in the field of exporting ore raw materials to the world market by cheap water transport. The object of the study is the uninhabited regions of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is to present a thesis expert assessment of the draft general strategy for the intensification of the development of the Eastern regions of Russia, taking into account the current level of technology and its development. Research objectives are as follows: making an expert assessment of the draft general strategy for the intensification of the development of the Eastern regions of Russia, based on information from speeches by outstanding scientists, professors, members of the Russian Academy of Sciences V. B. Ivanov, P. P. Poluektov, A. A. Vertman, V. Zh. Arens; identifying promising areas for the implementation of the development strategy of uninhabited regions of the Russian Federation on the basis of various types of nuclear power plants. The methodology and methods of the study consist in applying a comparative approach to the implementation of domestic and foreign solutions in the uninhabited regions’ development. The article outlines the technical and economic considerations, made by V. B. Ivanov, P. P. Poluektov, A. A. Vertman, V. Zh. Arens. The general system strategy for the uninhabited regions’ development of the Russian Federation on the basis of nuclear power plants of various types is briefly considered: floating nuclear power plants located on offshore non-self-propelled extreme barges; underground nuclear power plants based on mastered reactors of submarines of the Navy, which can be built in typical horizontal tunnels; mini-river-based nuclear power plants. The underground location of the mini-NPP allows for the safe operation of nuclear power sources. Expert assessments have shown that the project to intensify the Eastern regions development in Russia can now be successfully implemented.

Scientific popularization as a social and communicative practice: The expression of resistance in the media text

Speech factors for ensuring popular science media communication stability are analyzed, which are aimed for preventing communicative threats such as distrust to information, doubt of invention’s novelty and usefulness, misunderstanding of an explanation, lack of interest in the message, and skepticism about scientific knowledge. To prevent communicative threats, a media text acquires an objecting potential, which has been called text resistance. The media speech resistance is explicated in metatext, i. e. a subtext formation created by multi-level linguistic means to convey information about the content and nature of the author’s response to hypothetical communicative “impedance” of an addressee. While studying text resistance markers, variable responding strategies to an addressee impedance were found. Having expanded the concept of resistance, the typological method used showed that in each popularization strategy — informing, counseling, enlightenment, promotion — the hypothesis of a “impeding” addressee is formed and specific strategy for achieving resistance dominates. In order to increase reliability of presentation, a news source is demonstrated, which is repeatedly attested, and novelty and usefulness of covered scientific discovery are emphasized to reduce possible skepticism. While consulting, it is important the popular science mass audience to make understand scientific information, for this logic of explanation is demonstrated, and this mode of speech interaction is maintained throughout an explanation. In enlightenment, an emotional modus framework of interest in the socially significant scientific narrative about an outstanding scientist is created, thereby a cognitive impulse for an addressee’s semantic field expansion is formed. Scientists are shown worthy of memory and admiration, so a narrative is built in a pathetic and respectful modus framework. The success of promotional communication is ensured by the means of organizing personality-oriented communication, which help to create an atmosphere of reasoned evidence-based communication with a competent addressee. These methods contribute to elasticity and stability of communication.

ИСТОКИ РАЗВИТИЯ АГРОИНЖЕНЕРНОЙ НАУКИ В РОССИИ

The paper is devoted to the study of new materials on the origins of the development of agroengineering science in Russia, stored in the collections of the Museum of Agricultural Mechanics named after V.P. Goryachkin RGAU - MSHA named after K.A. Timiryazev. (Research purpose) The research purpose is analyzing the development of agroengineering science in Russia in the initial periods of its formation. (Materials and methods) It was noted that the newly opened documents more fully cover the key role of V.P. Goryachkin in the creation of the Faculty of Agricultural Mechanics at the Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev, in the construction of a machine testing station, in the formation of advanced training courses for teachers in the field of agricultural engineering. We studied the materials of the commission chaired by Professor V.P. Bushinsky, created to draw up projects and estimates for the construction of the Moscow Institute of Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture in 1930 (now the Institute of Mechanics and Power Engineering named after V.P. Goryachkin as part of the RGAU - MSHA named after K.A. Timiryazev). Documents relating to the opening of the All-Union Institute of Agricultural Engineering in 1928 were put into scientific circulation, in particular, the transcript of V.P. Goryachkin's report at the meeting of the Institute of Agricultural Mechanics, renamed VISKHOM, on November 25, 1927. (Results and discussion) They showed various forms of pedagogical work that appeared as a result of the decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR "On agricultural engineering" dated April 1, 2021. (Conclusions) By the beginning of the 1930s in the USSR, V.P. Goryachkin, an outstanding scientist and organizer of science and education, laid the foundations of domestic agricultural engineering; for the first time put forward scientific principles for the design, calculation and construction of agricultural machinery and tools; developed a test methodology; created a number of unique devices and apparatus.

Jaroslava Folbergrová, Dr.Sc. (1932 – 2024)

Jaroslava Folbergrová, an outstanding scientist, passed away on Sunday, January 28 at the age of 91. She was born in 1932 in Nový Bydžov, Czechoslovakia. She studied biochemistry in Charles University, School of Mathematics and Physics in Prague. She started her scientific carrier with studies of the metabolism of ammonia in the brain. She came to the Institute of Physiology, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Prague, in 1958 and she worked there for incredible 65 years till the very end of her life. All the time she was interested in brain metabolism mostly during and after epileptic seizures – at first in Department of Cytochemistry of Nerve Cell, headed by Zdeněk Lodin, where she defended Ph.D. thesis on the „Effect of methionine sulfoximine on brain metabolism“. She defended her „Doctor of Science (Dr.Sc.)“ thesis in 1990 and continued working in this laboratory till 2000 when she entered Department of Developmental Epileptology of the Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences. Her research was further focused on brain metabolism in relation to epileptic seizures and also to brain hypoxia. Two international collaborations were important for her scientific life: Eighteen months spent in 1965-1967 in Washington University in St. Louis, MO where she worked under the leadership of prof. Oliver Lowry, and longlasting collaboration with prof. Siesjo in Lund University, Sweden. Her stage in prof. Lowry’s Institute resulted in four highly cited papers (including one with 255 citations). Repeated visits in Lund led to nearly 50 primary publications in prestigious international journals (some of these papers also reached more than 200 citations). She progressively extended her field of interest to developing brain and the role of oxidative stress in epileptic seizures and their metabolic and functional consequences. Jarka Folbergrová was fully devoted to her scientific work. It was common to see her leaving the institute in the late afternoon with her notebook and a lot of papers to continue in her work at home. She will be missed in the Institute because she very well represented the tradition both at our country and abroad. She was also very friendly person and an inspiring colleague.

Professor Napoleon Halitsky (1818-1881) - founder of the Kharkiv Veterinary School, outstanding scientist and practicing veterinarian

Professor Napoleon Halitsky (1818-1881) - founder of the Kharkiv Veterinary School, outstanding scientist and practicing veterinarian

Герман Иванович Тараканов (1923-2006)

The article is devoted to one of the outstanding scientists and lecturers of Timiryazev Academy in the field of vegetable growing and breeding, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Academician of VASKhNIL and RASKhN German I. Tarakanov. The stages of his life and creative path, his formation as an outstanding scientist of the country in the field of vegetable growing and breeding, an outstanding lecturer and the head of the scientific school are presented. The contribution of the scientist to various fields of research is shown: the study of biological features of vegetable plants as a theoretical basis for the development of industrial cultivation technologies, original studies of life forms, detailed studies of the ecology of vegetable plants and microclimate in structures with polymer coatings. More than 50 varieties and hybrids of cucumbers, tomatoes and other vegetables for protected and open cultivation were created by the scientist. As the head of the scientific and pedagogical school German I. Tarakanov made a great contribution to the development of education in the field of vegetable growing on the scale of the university and the country, graduated more than 60 doctors and candidates of sciences, published more than 300 scientific works, including monographs and textbooks for universities.

ЛЕОНІД МИКОЛАЙОВИЧ ЛИТВИНЕНКО — ВИДАТНИЙ ВЧЕНИЙ І ОРГАНІЗАТОР НАУКИ

This paper is an attempt of paying tribute to the memory of Leonid Mykolayovych Lytvynenko (LML), an outstanding Ukrainian scientist, Full Member of the National Academy of Sciences who worked most fruitfully in the fields of radio science and radio astronomy. Starting of 1985, Dr. Lytvynenko was, over a 30-plus years period, at the head of the Institute of Radio Astronomy, Acad. Sci. of the Ukrainian SSR (currently the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine) that had been established owing to his vigorous and direct participation in the process. In 1996 LML promoted foundation of a new scientific journal, namely the "Radio Physics and Radio Astronomy", which he devotedly served for, in the Editor-in-Chief capacity, during the 25 years that followed. Dr. L. Lytvynenko was one of the brightest representatives of the school of theoretical radio physics that had developed within the O. Usikov Institute for Radio Physics and Electronics in Kharkiv and further flourished within the Institute of Radio Astronomy. He is known as the founder of a new branch of radio science, specifically theory of electromagnetic wave diffraction and propagation through composite and multilayered periodic structures.

Герпетологическая коллекция Михаила Дмитриевича Рузского в музейном фонде Томского государственного университета

New methods and approaches to the study of historical zoological collections make it possible to identify their new value for science. In this regard, it is relevant to analyze the diversity of specimens presented in various zoological collections and publish current information about their composition and history of formation. We analyzed the collection of amphibians and reptiles by a famous Russian zoologist M.D. Ruzsky, stored in the holdings of the Zoological Museum of Tomsk State University. This collection was formed in the period from 1892 to 1916 during his expeditions to the Caucasus, the Volga basin and the Urals, Siberia, the Far East, and Mongolia. It includes 31 museum objects - fluid preserved specimens (See Fig. 1): 3 specimens of 1 species of salamanders, 23 specimens of 8 species of anurans, 19 specimens of 7 species of lizards, and 6 specimens of 4 species of snakes. In this collection, there are specimens of 2 species of amphibians and 3 species of reptiles from territories where they are included in the regional Red Data Books: Triturus cristatus from Ulyanovsk Oblast, Dryophytes japonica from Buryatia, Anguis fragilis and Vipera (Pelias) renardi from Bashkortostan, V. (P.) berus from Krasnoyarsk Krai. This collection, formed more than a hundred years ago by an outstanding research scientist, is of historical and cultural significance. The article contains 1 Figure, 23 References. The authors sincerely thank S.N. Litvinchuk (St. Petersburg) for consultations, also I.V. Doronin (St. Petersburg) and L.F. Mazanaeva (Makhachkala, Dagestan) for help in identifying rock lizards. The Authors declare no conflict of interest.

Зарубежные стажировки российских зоологов. По материалам эго-документов А. Д. Некрасова

The article presents some aspects of the biography of the famous zoologist, science organizer and one of the first Soviet historians of biology A.D. Nekrasov. The aim of the study was to reconstruct the daily life of scientists at marine biological stations opened in Europe. To realize this goal, it was necessary to study a large array of documentary heritage deposited in the A.D. Nekrasov's fund (f. 48) of the Department of Manuscripts and Rare Books of the Moscow State University Scientific Library. The considered ego-documents of the scientist are introduced into the scientific turnover for the first time and give an idea about the organization of research at marine biological stations and international scientific communications. Nekrasov began his scientific activity at the Moscow University under the guidance of S.A. Zernov, N.Y. Zograf and N.V. Bogoyavlensky. The scientist conducted his hydrobiological research at biological stations in Naples, Saint-Va-la-Hague, Villefranche-Sur-Mer, and later he himself was the initiator of the organization of the biological station of Nizhny Novgorod University on the Pustynskie Lakes. Nekrasov's works were devoted to anatomy, morphology and embryology of animals, hydrobiology, ecology. At the biological stations he got acquainted with outstanding foreign scientists - S. Lo Bianco, E. Perrier, R. Woltereck, G. Kupelwieser. Introduction with the experimental work of European biologists attracted a large number of Russian researchers. At the stations at different times Nekrasov met his countryman - N.K. Koltsov, K.E. Lindeman, V.T. Sheviakov, I.P. Zabusov, M.M. Davydov, P.Y. Garyaev, N.A. Kasyanov. They adopted completely new forms of organization of biological research, experimental methods, studied species diversity of marine fauna, got acquainted with new discoveries of European science. In addition to research and educational component, sea stations pursued cultural goals: artists came here, musical evenings were arranged, a library worked, excursions to nearby cities were organized. Internships at foreign marine stations became an integral feature of Russian zoologists in the late 19th - early 20th centuries and served as an impetus for the creation of similar institutions in Russia.

ТЕОРЕТИКО-МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНІ ЗАСАДИ ІСТОРИЧНИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ ІВАНА ФРАНКА

The article examines the theoretical and methodological foundations of historical research on Ivan Franko, an outstanding Ukrainian writer, scientist and public figure of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The main principles, approaches and methods that Franko used in his historical research, as well as their influence on the development of Ukrainian historiography, were studied. Special attention is paid to the analysis of Franko’s vision of history as a multifaceted process that requires a comprehensive approach to the study of various socio-economic, political and cultural factors. The article also considers the contribution of I. Franko to the criticism of sources and the interpretation of historical events, as well as his role in the formation of the national identity and social consciousness of Ukrainians. The importance of historical and methodological approaches of I. Franko in the context of modern historical science is determined.

ФИЛОСОФСКОЕ НАСЛЕДИЕ Д. В. ПИВОВАРОВА: ВЕКТОРЫ РЕЛИГИОЗНОЙ ДУХОВНОСТИ

The relevance of the study of D. V. Pivovarov’s philosophical heritage, his proposed approach to under¬standing religious spirituality, the developed concept of forms of religion and religiosity (cosmocentrism, egocentrism, sociocentrism) is related to the fact that today Russia is in search of that spiritual foundation that could unite all Rus¬sians. The purpose of the article is to show the methodological possibilities of applying D. V. Pivovarov’s concept to com¬prehend the phenomenon of «new spirituality» expressed through such concepts introduced by modern Russian legal acts: «Russian nation», «all-Russian civil identity», «common cultural (civilizational) code of the Russian people». To describe the approach of D.V. Pivovarov, the principles of system analysis are used, which allows us to evaluate the contribution of an outstanding Ural scientist to Russian religious studies; the judgments and conclusions of the author of the concept are used as methodological guidelines for the analysis of the phenomenon of «new spirituality». As a result of the study, the authors came to the conclusion that it is possible to interpret the phenomenon of «new spirituality» as an attempt to create such a «solid core» of sacred values of the unified Russian culture, which will en¬sure the non-conflict coexistence of the ideals of cosmocentrism, sociocentrism and egocentrism. The practical significance is seen in the fact that, being an important methodological tool, the approach proposed by D. V. Pivovarov will find application in the study and explanation of new religious ideas and spiritual practices ad¬equate to the needs of the time, in the teaching of historical and religious studies courses, in assessing the effectiveness of mechanisms for strengthening Russian identity.