Зарубежные стажировки российских зоологов. По материалам эго-документов А. Д. Некрасова

Abstract

The article presents some aspects of the biography of the famous zoologist, science organizer and one of the first Soviet historians of biology A.D. Nekrasov. The aim of the study was to reconstruct the daily life of scientists at marine biological stations opened in Europe. To realize this goal, it was necessary to study a large array of documentary heritage deposited in the A.D. Nekrasov's fund (f. 48) of the Department of Manuscripts and Rare Books of the Moscow State University Scientific Library. The considered ego-documents of the scientist are introduced into the scientific turnover for the first time and give an idea about the organization of research at marine biological stations and international scientific communications. Nekrasov began his scientific activity at the Moscow University under the guidance of S.A. Zernov, N.Y. Zograf and N.V. Bogoyavlensky. The scientist conducted his hydrobiological research at biological stations in Naples, Saint-Va-la-Hague, Villefranche-Sur-Mer, and later he himself was the initiator of the organization of the biological station of Nizhny Novgorod University on the Pustynskie Lakes. Nekrasov's works were devoted to anatomy, morphology and embryology of animals, hydrobiology, ecology. At the biological stations he got acquainted with outstanding foreign scientists - S. Lo Bianco, E. Perrier, R. Woltereck, G. Kupelwieser. Introduction with the experimental work of European biologists attracted a large number of Russian researchers. At the stations at different times Nekrasov met his countryman - N.K. Koltsov, K.E. Lindeman, V.T. Sheviakov, I.P. Zabusov, M.M. Davydov, P.Y. Garyaev, N.A. Kasyanov. They adopted completely new forms of organization of biological research, experimental methods, studied species diversity of marine fauna, got acquainted with new discoveries of European science. In addition to research and educational component, sea stations pursued cultural goals: artists came here, musical evenings were arranged, a library worked, excursions to nearby cities were organized. Internships at foreign marine stations became an integral feature of Russian zoologists in the late 19th - early 20th centuries and served as an impetus for the creation of similar institutions in Russia.