Outstanding Scholars Research Articles

The role of activation of chemokine receptor 2 in TRPV1‐mediated renal protection during salt‐sensitive hypertension (1136.2)

To determine whether deletion of TRPV1 exaggerates salt‐sensitive hypertension‐induced renal injury via activation of chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2), wild type (WT) and TRPV1‐null mutant (TRPV1‐/‐) mice were subjected to uninephrectomy and DOCA‐salt treatment for 4 weeks with or without selective CCR2 antagonist, RS504393. DOCA‐salt treatment increased systolic blood pressure (SBP), urinary excretion of albumin and 8‐isoprostane, and decreased creatinine clearance compared with the control. DOCA‐salt treatment also caused obvious glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial injury and monocyte/macrophage infiltration compared with the control. The changes in the parameters were greater in TRPV1‐/‐ mice compared with WT mice with the exception of SBP. Blockade of the CCR2 with RS504393 (4 mg/kg) had no effect on SBP. However, treatment with RS504393 prevented renal functional and morphological damage, and reduced the increase in monocyte/macrophage infiltration in DOCA‐salt hypertensive WT and TRPV1‐/‐ mice with the greater in the latter. Our results suggest that TRPV1 attenuates salt‐sensitive hypertension‐induced renal damage possibly via suppression of CCR2. (This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81170243) and Henan Provincial Science and Technology Innovative Program for Outstanding Scholarship (No. 124200510007).Grant Funding Source: NNSF of China (No. 81170243), Henan Provincial STlPOS(No.124200510007).

Pius IV and the Fall of the Carafa: Nepotism and Papal Authority in Counter-Reformation Rome by Miles Pattenden (review)

Reviewed by: Pius IV and the Fall of the Carafa: Nepotism and Papal Authority in Counter-Reformation Rome by Miles Pattenden Wolfgang Reinhard Pius IV and the Fall of the Carafa: Nepotism and Papal Authority in Counter-Reformation Rome. By Miles Pattenden. [Oxford Historical Monographs.] (Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2013. Pp. viii,154. $99.00. ISBN 978-0-19-967062-8.) This small book, a published Oxford doctoral dissertation, is remarkably conservative in the best sense of the word. The footnotes, a descriptive list of the [End Page 150] prinicipal manuscript sources, and the bibliography prove outstanding scholarship. But the author, now a research fellow at University of Bologna, refrains from demonstrating his historical competence through exhausting textual abundance and abstract theoretical digressions that unfortunately are considered state of the art by many historians nowadays. Instead, he tells a straightforward story in chronological order and explains events in terms of the characters and the strategies of acting individuals. Nevertheless, the book concludes with a thesis that is verified by this narrative with sufficient plausibility. According to Miles Pattenden, the trial of the Carafa in 1560/61 was not the necessary consequence of the crimes they had committed during the reign of their uncle, Pope Paul IV (155559), but a carefully planned and implemented strategic operation of Pope Pius IV (1559–65) to intimidate the College of Cardinals and to strengthen the absolute monarchy of the pope. It was during the sixteenth century that the College of Cardinals was reduced from a powerful senate claiming co-regency of the Church to an assembly of Roman top bureaucrats and foreign dignitaries ready to acclaim almost everything a pope decided to do. The Carafa were the most appropriate victims not only because of their prominence and their crimes but also because of their lack of skill in micropolitics. They had neither built up a reliable party of followers among the cardinals and the Curia nor secured the stable support of foreign princes. Consequently, Pattenden no longer considers the trial of the Carafa as a turning point in the structural history of papal nepotism. Many scholars believed that this dramatic event marked the end of the “great” nepotism of princes-to-be and its replacement by a “bourgeois” nepotism of mere enrichment and promotion to nonruling noble rank. Pius’s own nepotism shows that the system had not changed. But the papal families had to learn that it was absolutely necessary to build up a micropolitical security screen for the time after the death of their “uncle.” Nevertheless, the Barberini, after the death of Pope Urban VIII, apparently were to have a narrow escape from the fate of the Carafa—or at least were afraid of it. The first chapter presents a summary of the pontificate of the fanatic Paul IV, including his war against Spain and his prosecution of Cardinal Giovanni Morone. In the end he dissociated himself from two of his nephews when he was informed about their activities. At the time of the pope’s death, Giovanni Carafa had his wife killed for adultery with the consent of cardinals Carlo and Alfonso Carafa. Chapter 2 explains how the obscure Gian Angelo de’ Medici (no relation to the ruling dynasty of Florence, but a friend of it) was elected, why he needed to strengthen papal authority, and why the Carafa were the most vulnerable targets. Chapter 3 follows the careful preparation and execution of the trial, including the production of collusion in Italy and Spain. Chapter 4 begins with the desperate attempts of the Carafa to built last-minute alliances, demonstrates the essential weakness of the defense based upon Paul’s plenitudo potestatis (because that must lead to the acceptance of Pius’s potestas), and proceeds to the execution of Carlo and Giovanni Carafa after some pressure on dissenting cardinals. Chapter 5, the aftermath, includes Pius’s own nepotism and the reversal of the verdicts under Pius V. In the end, Pius IV, the pope of the successful conclusion of the Council [End Page 151] of Trent, turns out to be a conservative figure without any spiritual impulse and a shrewd political opportunist. Wolfgang Reinhard Freiburg im Breisgau (Germany) Copyright © 2014 The...

Against All Odds: 2013 Richardson Award to Mats Hammarström and Peter Wallensteen

AbstractThe institutionalization of peace research has been a tortuous process and it has proven particularly difficult to establish separate departments for peace research in the universities. The Department of Peace and Conflict Research at Uppsala University is a spectacular exception. This article honors two outstanding scholars who made it happen against all odds and who received the 2013 Lewis Fry Richardson Lifetime Achievement Award for their contribution to the scientific study of armed conflict. Peter Wallensteen and Mats Hammarström were awarded the prize for their individual scholarly output but above all for their joint achievement in establishing peace and conflict research at Uppsala University with its two pillars, the Uppsala Conflict Data Program and the training program for young scholars. They have made a lasting contribution to an institution of world-wide renown that pursues research in the scientific tradition of Richardson.

Disciplinary Divides within Asian American Studies: Lessons from Intergroup Contact Theory and Community-Based Participatory Research

Disciplinary Divides within Asian American Studies: Lessons from Intergroup Contact Theory and Community-Based Participatory Research Richard M. Lee (bio) I begin with a confession. I have been an on-again, off-again member of the Association for Asian American Studies (AAAS) for the past seventeen years with the majority of time as a lapsed member. Yet throughout this time, I have been actively involved as a faculty member in Asian American studies (AAS) programs at the University of Texas at Austin (1997–2000) and the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities (2000–present). Moreover, as a professor of psychology, my research on ethnic identity, perceived discrimination, acculturation, parent-child cultural conflicts, and international adoption has long drawn upon AAS perspectives and scholarship. Nevertheless, I remain ambivalent about AAAS as a professional home, and I believe my own reservations with AAAS reflect a larger disconnect between the behavioral and social sciences and the field of AAS. In this article, I draw upon intergroup contact theory and community-based participatory research methods to suggest ways to bridge the divide between the behavioral and social sciences and AAS/AAAS.9 First, it’s important to begin with an understanding of what I mean by the behavioral and social sciences. I adopt a rather narrow definition that focuses primarily on empirical approaches to understanding human development, health, and well-being, because this specific subset of the field, which includes my own scholarship, is most absent from AAS/AAAS. The Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research at the National Institutes of Health provides the following description: Basic research in the behavioral and social sciences is designed to further our understanding of fundamental mechanisms and patterns of behavioral and social functioning relevant to the Nation’s health and well-being, and as they interact with each other, with biology and the environment. . . . Applied research in the behavioral and social sciences is designed to predict or influence health outcomes, [End Page 99] risks, or protective factors. It is also concerned with the impact of illness or risk for illness on behavioral or social functioning.10 This definition explicitly avoids naming particular disciplines, but behavioral and social sciences in this context most often refer to the fields of psychology, political science, sociology, economics, and anthropology—as well as other allied fields such as public health, education, social work. Moreover, behavioral/social scientists use quantitative and qualitative research designs to address these basic and applied research questions. In this respect, most researchers in this defined group of behavioral and social sciences adopt a positivist or postpositivist philosophy of science. Beyond my own confession, the 2013 AAAS Conference programming highlights the lack of involvement by behavioral/social scientists in AAS/AAAS. In a cursory review of the 180 or so program session titles, including plenaries and workshops, I identified only four, possibly five, sessions whose topics and titles allude to a focus on behavioral and social functioning, as defined by NIH. Even among these few sessions, it was not apparent if the presentations involved qualitative or quantitative data. In addition to programming, AAAS also recognizes outstanding scholarship by conferring book awards at the conference, but there are no awards for best peer-reviewed journal articles—which is how the majority of behavioral/social scientists disseminate scholarship. These constructive critiques are not to say behavioral/social scientists only study health and mental health, rely on quantitative or qualitative data analyses, and publish in peer-reviewed journals, but they do suggest an organizational bias or preference within AAAS. It would be easy to blame this poor representation in sessions and awards on the lack of participation by behavioral/social scientists in AAAS or on the outdatedness of the theories and methodologies used by behavioral/social scientists. However, blaming the other (especially when they are in the minority within the organization) is rarely productive and often destructive. To bridge this apparent divide, I adopt intergroup contact theory as a framework to understand how to help overcome perceived barriers and biases. Allport developed the theory based on early field research on black-white relations, such as desegregation/integration leading to more positive racial attitudes. In his pioneering book The Nature of Prejudice, Allport...

Abstracts of English Language Theses on Morocco 2012–2013

The Maghreb Review, Vol. 39, 4, 2014 © The Maghreb Review 2014 This publication is printed on longlife paper ABSTRACTS OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE THESES ON MOROCCO 2012-2013 COMPILED BY MOHAMED BEN-MADANI NOTE: This is a supplement to Volumes 26, nos. 2-4, 2001 and 38 issue. 2, 2013. After publication of Volume 38. Number 2, 2013, I discovered that theses which were not available for consultation at the time of completion due to embargo imposed by the authors are now accessible for researchers. Adams, Anthony Edward, The stratigraphy and sedimentology of middle and upper Jurassic limestones from south-west Morocco. PhD, Swansea: University College, 1976. This study has involved an investigation of the Middle and Upper Jurassic limestones of the western High Atlas, south-west Morocco. The aims of the study have been to erect a workable lithostratigraphy. To date the strata as closely as possible, and to analyse environments of deposition and diagenesis. To achieve these aims, detailed field logging has been supplemented by petrographic work on thin sections and peels, and where necessary the identification of faunas. The investigation has shown the presence of a sedimentary basin with an easterly shoreline here called the Western High Atlas Basin. An Upper Bathonian to Callovian transgression brought marine deposits to the area, culminating during the Oxfordian with the deposition of fine-grained argillaceous limestones followed by the development of small knoll reefs. A regression followed, bringing a return to continental deposits during the Kimmeridgian. Thickness data as shown that, superimposed on the general pattern of westward thickening of sediments, are a series of east-west trending belts of thinner sediments related to present day anticlinal areas. The investigation has suggested that these features are not controlled by the activity of Late Triassic salt as suggested by previous workers, but are related to movements along basement faults. The basin and its sediments and fauna are compared with other areas in Europe, North Africa and North America. The similarity of certain fauna elements with forms from the so-called “Ethiopian Province” is discussed, and the Oxford! an reefs are compared with other reefs of the same age in Europe. Finally, offshore data from Africa has indicated that the basin is larger than is immediately apparent and is similar to other basins found around north-west Africa and off North America. In fact, these “basins” are embayments of a ABSTRACTS OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE THESES ON MOROCCO 2012-2013 483 single seaway believed to be the early counterpart of the present-day Atlantic Ocean, although there is nothing oceanic exposed on shore. Al-Dihan, S., Critical edition of Mu˛ammad al-‡ayyib’s manuscript “Travel to ˘ijaz: annotated and authenticated, Ph.D., Salford, 2003 One of the outstanding scholars of the field of Moroccan travel literature was Mu˛ammad b. Mu˛ammad al-‡ayyib b. Mu˛ammad b. Müs b. Mu˛ammad alSharq ı al-Sumaylı, al-Fsı al-Madani. Born in the city of Fez in 1110/1698. He studied with some of the most known scholars of Morocco at that time including Abü alfibbas A˛mad al-Misnwı, Abü fiAbdullah Mu˛ammad alMisn wı, Abü al fiAbbas A˛mad al-Fsı and Abü ‡ahir Mu˛ammad al-Kuram. Having acquired his early education in his home country he emigrated eastward to Tunisia, Libya, Egypt and finally to Medinah where he died in 1170/1756 after living and teaching there for many years. It is not surprising then that this great scholar left behind him a treasure of works in a variety of fields; indeed we find Ibn al-‡ayyib wrote many works, including four in jurisprudence, three in ˛adith and sixteen in grammar and in linguistics. Despite this however many of his academic contributions remain in manuscript form and therefore are inaccessible to the greater majority. One such work is “Ri˛ lah il  al-˘ijaz,” which is particularly important to the field of travel literature as it represents a major contribution. This is because Ibn al-‡ayyib came relatively late, historically, compared to other travel writers. In addition, it contains many minute details, which the author took care to record during his journey from place to place. It...

Untimely Review of Friedrich Nietzsche's, Twilight of the Idols

This review essay of Nietzsche's Twilight of the Idols (1888) is part of the journal TOPOI's Untimely Reviews series of classic works of philosophy. The journal explains the idea of the series this way: We take a classic of philosophy and ask an outstanding scholar in the same field to review it as if it had just been published. This implies that the classical work must be contrasted with both past and current literature and must be framed in the wider cultural context of the present day. The result is a litmus test for the work itself: Failure in accounting for relevant issues raised by contemporary literature reveals that, in those respects, our classic has indeed been outpaced by later works. On the other hand, any success in capturing core topics of current discussion, or even anticipating and clarifying issues not yet well brought into focus by contemporary scholars, is the strongest proof of the liveliness of the work, no matter how long ago it was written.This essay tries to discharge the task for Nietzsche's TWILIGHT. Themes dealt with are Nietzsche's attacks on morality, on free will, on mental causation, on Socrates, and on Kant. Connections are drawn with contemporary work by Mark Johnston, David Rosenthal, and Daniel Wagner, among others.

In Memoriam

Cleo H. CherryholmesCleo H. Cherryholmes, a professor emeritus of political science and teacher education at Michigan State University, passed away at his home in Haslett, Michigan, on April 18, 2013, after a long battle with cancer.Charles F. CnuddeIt is with great sadness that I report that my friend Charles F. Cnudde passed away on Thursday, November 1 of this year, in Boston. Chuck Cnudde was the model academic: a great intellect, an outstanding scholar, an inspiring teacher, an effective administrator, and a warm and compassionate individual. His memory will be cherished by his wife Sue, daughters Kate and Emily, grandchildren Edward, Rowan, and Nicholas Borninski, son-in-law Thomas Borninski, and by a myriad of friends and professional associates who worked with him throughout his distinguished career.Joseph HabererOur colleague and friend, Joseph Haberer (1929–2013), was a true intellectual, a force of life, and a mensch. He was critical to building the current shape of our department and university, not to mention our discipline and community. Joe's commitment to meaningful scholarship, justice, and excellence in education has made him a role model for many of us, who only wish we had his deep reserves of energy, unfailing commitment to the highest standards of scholarship, and laser-like focus on his goals. He accomplished so much while being a loyal friend, beloved husband and father, and general ray of “sunshine” into so many lives (as one student characterized it).David Halloran LumsdaineDavid Halloran Lumsdaine, professor of political science at Gordon College, died on February 27, 2013, of complications following a heart attack. After 64 years of life, he left behind two brothers, two nieces and a nephew, numerous cousins, and many dear friends, colleagues, and former undergraduate and grad students.William E. Nelson, Jr.March 19, 1941–May 16, 2013Alan RosenthalOn July 10, 2013, Alan Rosenthal died at his home in Princeton, New Jersey. He was 81. According to the Eagleton Institute of Politics at Rutgers University, where he was director from 1974 to 1993 and a member of the faculty from 1966 to his death, the cause of death was cancer. From our different perspectives, we offer these three tributes.

Mahdi Elmandjra and the Future of the Muslim World

Mahdi Elmandjra, a prominent sociologist and futurist, is one of the Muslim scholars who consistently discuss about the future of the Muslims and the Muslim world. Elmandjra was born in Rabat in 1933. He graduated from Cornell University and obtained his doctorate from the London School of Economics. He was the Director General of the Moroccan Broadcasting Service and Counselor of the Moroccan Mission to the United Nation. Between 1961 to 1981, he occupied various functions in the United Nation System including the Assistant Director General of UNESCO for Social Sciences, Human Sciences and Culture and the Coordinator of the Conference on Technical Cooperation among Developing Countries (UNDP) (http://www.elmandjra.org/summary.htm). He was also the President of the World Future Studies Federation and of Futuribles International of Paris as well as the Founding President of the Moroccan Association of Futures Studies and the Moroccan Organization for Human Rights. He has been a Visiting Professor of Tokyo University (1998) and a Visiting Scholar of the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) at the Tokyo Keizai University (1999) (http://www.elmandjra.org/summary.htm).Elmandjra has published over 400 articles in the fields of the human and social sciences. He is a co-author of No Limits to Learning (Report to the Club of Rome 1979) and the author of several books including The United Nations System, Maghreb et Francophonie, Premiere Guerre Civilisationnelle, Retrospective des Futurs, Nord-Sud, Prelude a l'Ere Postcoloniale, Cultural Diversity Key to Survival, Dialogue about Communication, Decolonisation Culturelle: Defimajeur du 21e Siele, Al-Quds Al-Arabi, Path of a Mind, Reglobalization of Globalization, and Intifadate, to name a few (http://www.elmandjra.org/summary.htm).Throughout his intellectual and professional life, he has been designated to various important positions for his outstanding scholarship, such as the President of the World Future Studies Federation (WFSF) (1977-1981), the President of the Futuribles International (1981-1990), and the President of the Club of Rome (resigned in 1988). He was also members of various institutions such as the Academy of the Kingdom of Morocco, the World Academy of Art and Science, the World Academy of Social Prospective, the Moroccan Association of Economists, the Moroccan Association of Philosophy, and the Moroccan Association of Historians. He was also the Founding President of the Moroccan Association of Futures Studies, the Moroccan Organization for Human Rights and the Founding Member and the Vice President of the Morocco-Japan Association. He was also the Executive Committee of the African Academy of Sciences and the Pugwash Movement and Council for the Society for International Development between 1982 to 1988 and its Executive Committee between 1985 until 1988. With all these significant contributions to the world society, he was chosen by the International Biographical Center as one of the 2000 Outstanding Scholars of the 20th Century (http://www.elmandjra.org/summary.htm).Islam and the FutureThe source of Elmandjra's thought derived from the Islamic sources when he refers to the Quranic verses2 and conception of future in claiming the importance of futures thinking. He emphasizes that in Islamic discourse on the future, there are a few concepts that should be understood correctly. Such concepts, as he discusses them briefly, is the concept of 'al-ghayb' (unknown) which he believes within the realm of God and 'mustaqbal' (future) which for him implies the anticipation of developments arising from people's action or inaction. He also asserts the difference between the concept of 'bid'ah' (heresy) and 'ibdaa' (innovation) in which, ...the first is an opinion or attitude which is in violation of the basic tenets of Islam..., whereas ...the second is, on the contrary, an invitation to introduce changes and innovations in order to stimulate the community's development and vitality (Elmandjra 1990: 3). …

CLARK W. BEASLEY (1942-2012).

Clark Wayne Beasley was born in Pittsburg, Kansas, USA on 6 June 1942. He graduated from Kansas State College of Pittsburg in 1964 and went on to successfully defend his PhD on the tardigrades of Oklahoma in 1968 at the University of Oklahoma. Clark moved to McMurray College in 1969 to become an Assistant Professor in the Department of Biology, accepting the chair in 1973 as an Associate Professor, became a full Professor in 1977 and Distinguished Professor in 1999. He was awarded the McMurray College “Gordon and Lola Bennett Scholar Award” in 2009 in recognition of his continuing contributions to outstanding teaching, scholarship, and service to the university. Clark retired in 2010.

Gerald G. (Gerry) Eggert (1926–2012)

In 1983 Gerry Eggert hired me to teach at Penn State's Berks Campus. He was very friendly and very honest: “We know you can publish,” he said, or words to that effect, “but we'll fire you if you're not a good teacher.” Fair enough, I said. About twenty-five years later, when I spoke about Benjamin Franklin to a group of retired faculty, Gerry was the host: after my talk, he repeated to the group what he had told me when I was hired, and said that as they could see, I could still teach.Gerry was a mentor to both me and other faculty, including Gary Cross, whom he hired when he was head of the Penn State History Department (1980–85). He had a great sense of humor coupled with a humane, practical approach to administration. He knew the art of the possible, never got our hopes up too high, but also never let us down when he could support our scholarship or help our careers. He was an outstanding scholar of American business and labor history, the author of five major books: Railway Labor Disputes: The Beginning of Federal Strike Policy (University of Michigan Press, 1967); Richard Olney: Evolution of a Statesman (Pennsylvania State University Press, 1974); Steel Masters and Labor Reform, 1886–1923 (University of Pittsburgh Press, 1981); Harrisburg Industrializes: The Coming of Factories to an American Community (Pennsylvania State University Press, 1993); and Marking Iron on the Bald Eagle: Roland Curtin's Ironworks and Workers' Community (Pennsylvania State University Press, 2000). He also wrote a pamphlet on The Iron Industry in Pennsylvania that has always been a bestseller for the Pennsylvania Historical Association and numerous scholarly articles. One, “The Black Experience in Nineteenth Century Harrisburg,” won the Philip S. Klein Prize awarded by the Pennsylvania Historical Association for the best article published in Pennsylvania History in 1991–92.Much of Gerry's energies centered on Pennsylvania history. His scholarship focused on the typical rather than the sensational, and as a result we have a far more balanced understanding of Pennsylvania and American business and labor history. The United States has had many medium-sized industrial cities that were not the scene of spectacular strikes, growth, or decline, like Harrisburg; rural iron works like Curtin Furnace; and skilled workers who participated in reform movements outside of labor issues like the Pennsylvania steel masters. But they have generally attracted less attention than the large cities, factories, and violent strikes that have sometimes been presented as the whole story.Gerry's contribution to history went far beyond teaching and scholarship. He served on the board of directors (1986–2001) and was president of the board (1994–95) of the Roland Curtin Furnace in Bald Eagle. That visitors may still enjoy this historic site that illustrates in microcosm how the iron industry that spurred Pennsylvania's economic growth operated we owe largely to him. And the Pennsylvania Historical Association owes much to Gerry's great efforts on its behalf. He was the business secretary from 1985 to 1991 and president in 1995–96. His last public speaking appearance, I believe, was at the 75th annual meeting of the Association in State College (2008), where he joined a distinguished past presidents panel that discussed the history of the journal and association. Having retired from the History Department in 1991, in 1994 he received the Liberal Arts College Alumni Society Emeritus Distinction Award for the faculty member in the college who had accomplished the most while retired.Gerald Eggert was born in rural Michigan, and always told everyone how glad he was to have escaped the life of a farmer. He earned his BA at Western Michigan University in 1949 and his PhD in 1960 at the University of Michigan. He served in the United States Army Quartermaster Corps from 1946 to 1948 and taught public school in Battle Creek, Michigan, before embarking on his scholarly career. He taught at the University of Maryland and Bowling Green State University before coming to Penn State. He is survived by his wife of fifty-nine years, Jean, a brother and a sister, three children, and six grandchildren.

Justice James D. Hopkins: Jurist, Dean, Scholar and Expert on New York Law

It is an appropriate tribute to our late Dean James D. Hopkins that this edition of Pace Law Review be dedicated to a man who many leaders of the bench, bar, and academia believe is one of the twentieth century’s greatest common law appellate jurists. Dean Hopkins, better known as Judge Hopkins, was Pace Law School’s second Dean from 1982 to 1983, an associate justice of the Supreme Court of New York, and a justice of the Appellate Division for the Second Department from 1962 to 1981. He authored hundreds of significant majority, dissenting, and concurring judicial opinions on New York law, many of which continue to be relevant to the development of substantive and procedural law in the Empire State. Hopkins’s opinions have been cited and relied on by courts throughout the nation. He is recognized and praised as a “compleat jurist,” a leading law reformer, and an outstanding scholar.

From Luzhen to Sendai: Locality and Metonym in Lu Xun’s Pseudonyms

An outstanding scholar, writer, critic, artist, historian, and social commentator, Lu Xun (1881–1936) is also known for his numerous pseudonyms. However, the significance of these pseudonyms has remained relatively little studied. This paper attempts to examine how these pseudonyms extended their erstwhile political rationale. In so doing, we hope to shed some new light on the understanding of Lu Xun both as a writer and as a man. We argue that localities, allusions and symbolism featured in Lu Xun’s pseudonyms; these not only enrich the literary contexts of his writing, and increase the effectiveness of his discourse, but also contribute – albeit in a subtle way - to the ideological and emotional complexity, sophistication, and paradox of the author as the literary conscience of modern China. Through the fabric of Lu Xun’s pseudonyms, we see how traditional forces are still at play in his reception of Western discourse of modernity; how different places – Shaoxing, Tokyo, Sendai, Beijing, Shanghai, even Europe - are linked and different experiences interwoven to shape who Lu Xun was. Like his writing, Lu Xun’s pseudonyms may be seen as a vortex of modernity in which Chinese tradition, Western influence and historical contingency interact.

Better know an HRD scholar: a conversation with Karen Watkins

This article contains a conversation with Karen Watkins and is part of a series that focuses on HRD scholars, the aim being to understand better the people behind the names we see in print. At the time of writing, Karen was Professor of Adult Education. She was a founder and the second President of the Academy of Human Resource Development as well as a recipient of that organization's Outstanding Scholar Award.

Kafka und die kleine Prosa der Moderne ed. by Manfred Engel and Ritchie Robertson (review)

Reviewed by: Kafka und die kleine Prosa der Moderne ed. by Manfred Engel and Ritchie Robertson William Quirk Manfred Engel and Ritchie Robertson, eds., Kafka und die kleine Prosa der Moderne. Würzburg: Königshausen and Neumann, 2010. 300 pp. In what ways does short form matter in Kafka? The aphorism, the parable, the fragment, the story-as-fragment, the self-conscious, literary letter: How [End Page 157] should a consideration of these and other short prose genres affect the interpretation of Kafka’s work? This is the line of questioning that anchors Kafk a und die kleine Prosa der Moderne, edited by Manfred Engel and Ritchie Robertson, which offers a stimulating contribution to recent Kafk a scholarship. The product of a conference held by the Oxford Kafka Research Centre at St. John’s College, Oxford, in 2008, the volume presents an array of perspectives, in both German and English, on the question of Kafka’s relation to the short modernist prose of the early twentieth century. The collection includes contributions from major Kafka scholars, including Robertson, Gerhard Neumann, and Stanley Corngold, as well as experts in adjacent fields who bring their unique perspectives to Kafk a studies. By far the most impressive and useful aspect of the book is the overall contextualization it accomplishes. In one of the two essays in the volume’s introductory section (“Vorüberlegungen”), Dirk Göttsche situates Kafk a’s work in the development of different short prose forms around 1900 and accentuates how a “Minimalisierung des Erzählens” allows Kafka to explore new possibilities of writing. Göttsche’s focus on form is complemented nicely by Rüdiger Zymner’s introductory essay, which outlines Kafk a’s particular type of Innenwelt at a time when other writers were exploring the nuances of consciousness and its expressability on the page. These two essays provide a helpful backdrop for the series of readings that plays out in the volume. The middle section of the volume contains interpretations focused exclusively on Kafka’s works. First is Gerhard Neumann’s essay, which uses Kafka’s manuscripts to offer an in-depth textual autopsy of the development, in roughly three stages (aphorism, anecdote, parable), of the piece titled “Ein Leben.” In an essay with comparable attention to textual detail, Ritchie Robertson analyzes Kafka’s use of the pronouns “ich” and “wir” in different texts and underscores thereby the undermining effect that these pronouns can have. Neumann and Robertson are outstanding scholars, and while both of their essays present interesting, cogent arguments, neither of their respective theses has the ambition that one might have hoped to see from these Kafk a experts. There are three other contributions in this section of the book: Carolin Duttlinger uses recent theoretical work on the question of attention and distraction to examine Kafka’s work from “Betrachtung” to “Der Bau”; Manfred Engel undertakes a close analysis of “Beschreibung eines Kampfes” as “fantastic narration”; and Julian Preece brings Kafk a’s letters to Felice into the discussion about short prose. Duttlinger’s essay pairs up nicely with the contribution [End Page 158] of Anna Fuchs later in the volume. Both Fuchs and Duttlinger investigate questions of attention and distraction, and their interpretations, taking Jonathan Crary’s work on perception in the nineteenth century as one of their starting points, offer a promising new angle from which to view Kafka, both in short prose and beyond. Göttsche’s and Zymner’s preparatory “Vorüberlegungen” have much in common with the collection’s third and most substantial section, which examines Kafka in the company of his various contemporaries. Especially noteworthy here are essays by Moritz Baßler and Andreas Kramer, who both address Kafka’s relation to Expressionism. Critical of how so much of Kafka scholarship disregards Kafka’s Expressionist context, Baßler’s essay is the more provocative one, offering the novel concept of “Routine” to organize his consideration of Expressionist styles. A fine contribution here also comes from Stanley Corngold, whose essay on “aphoristic form” in Kafka and Nietzsche give us the most “performative” or self-conscious act of interpretation in the volume. The essay is smart and nimble: It maneuvers through and...

Taking the measure of metrics: Interviews with four ASIS&T members

AbstractEditor's SummaryA series of interviews with four ASIS&T members, all outstanding scholars in metric‐related research, provides insights into their interests, motivations and views on research in the area. Christine L. Borgman recalls being intrigued as a student when hearing about the history of bibliometrics, and she sees expanding metrics research methods as one of the most significant recent advances in the field. Blaise Cronin speaks of reading, meeting and corresponding with leaders in the field from early in his own career. He is impressed by the rise of journals other than JASIST covering informetrics, reflecting expanding interest in the field. Katherine W. McCain was drawn to the field when she was recognized for a citation analysis and collection assessment carried out while she served as a biology librarian. Among the challenges McCain identifies are more meaningful analysis of huge datasets, research funding and gaining understanding through the different perspectives of boundary spanners. Howard White recalls how a friendly conversation led to special access to a proprietary data gathering tool, resulting in the first author co‐citation map and his co‐authoring a highly acclaimed article. He notes significant advances in the mathematical foundations of bibliometrics and a rise in importance of bibliometrics for assessing national research programs. All four researchers are pleased to see the rise of altmetrics and data visualization capabilities, though they share concerns about the validity and reliability of metrics‐based research and trustworthiness of platforms and data sets.

Sobre el origen del asta de Amón

IntroductionGreek and Roman worship of their gods and myths go back to Ancient Egyptian times. Images engraved in Greco-Roman coinage range from references to the assassination of Caesar and legendary stories like the arrival of a snake shaped demi-god Aesculapius to save the Romans from the plague, to invocations of major deities including Apollo the physician or Ammon the protector. DevelopmentDepicted with the horns of a ram, Ammon was adopted by the Greeks as an epithet of Zeus and later incorporated by the Romans as Jupiter. References to the cult of Ammon appear on tetradrachms minted for Alexander The Great and on provincial Roman coins struck under Claudius. It is thrilling to hold a coin depicting Marcus Aurelius with Salus on the reverse and think that it could have been handed to Galen in payment for his services. However, it is rare to find figures other than rulers on coins and the physician of Pergamum is no exception. Inspired by the Renaissance school of Padua, French anatomists in the Enlightenment (Garengeot in 1742 and Flurant in 1752) continued reviving ancient myths and named the curve-shaped-inner portion of the temporal lobe Ammon's horn. Outstanding scholars who studied this primitive structure of the brain included Lorente de Nó and his mentor Cajal, whose portrait appeared on fifty-pesetas notes issued in 1935. ConclusionsAs primary sources of great archaeological and artistic value, Greco-Roman coins provide information about the origins of the myths and gods of classical antiquity and continue to inspire the arts and sciences to this day.

Agriculture and human values

Next year marks the 30th anniversary of Agriculture and Human Values. According to Google Scholar, there have been more than 1,000 articles published in the journal between 1984 and 2011. The most cited paper is currently Laura Raynolds’ 2000 article ‘‘Re-embedding global agriculture: The international organic and fair trade movements.’’ Interest in the journal, as evidenced by submissions, continues to increase. Last year there were nearly 230 new papers submitted, representing an increase of more than 20 % over the previous year. By comparison, the increase in submissions in 2010 over 2009 was 5 %. I publish approximately 40 papers a year, which means that the acceptance rate is below 20 %, and declining. Scholars who have papers accepted for publication should feel pleased with the increasing selectivity of the journal, but because of constraints in the number of papers I can accept, I worry that I am turning away good papers. My publication backlog is under 1 year. This means that authors who have a paper accepted can now expect to see the paper in print within the next three or four issues. Accepted papers are published online within a few months of being accepted. More than 300 reviewers provided reports on papers submitted last year. I am always grateful for the work of our anonymous reviewers. Theirs is an important and necessary scholarly service. I wish promotion and tenure committees gave more weight to their efforts. The assistant editors associated with this journal provide an invaluable service in preparing accepted manuscripts for publication. I have had many authors express appreciation for the careful editing work provided by Jeffrey Cole, Nancy Grudens-Schuck and Jessica Goldberger, who have served or are currently serving as assistant editors since I came on board as editor-in-chief in 2007. Not many peer reviewed journals provide the detailed editing that our editors do. The papers published here are better because of it. Many thanks to these competent scholars. Finally, I acknowledge the work of our editorial board. If you, the reader, have not yet done so, then take a look at the inside front cover of this journal and review the names of those who help guide its direction and progress. There are outstanding scholars who serve on the editorial board. They provide feedback about issues relating to the development of the journal, make recommendations of reviewers, and often review papers themselves. I appreciate their service and note that I consider it quite an honor to be associated with them. It is because we have such a strong editorial board that the journal is a success. This issue of Agriculture and Human Values contains three research articles and a special symposium on food sovereignty. In the first research article, Ferrell examines how agricultural activity defines gender roles and why such a link can impede transitions in agricultural production practices. Lillywhite, Simonson, and Wilson report results from a survey of US practitioners of alternative medicines in order to assess both the preferences for Chinese medicinal herbs and the long-term viability of a developing agricultural niche market. Magnan presents case studies of innovative farming structures that combine size and private investor characteristics with family ownership. The symposium, which is guest edited by Molly Anderson and Anne Bellows, contains an introduction by the editors and six research papers. Book reviews and the current listing of books available for review complete this issue of Agriculture and Human Values. H. S. James Jr. (&) Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Missouri, 146 Mumford Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA e-mail: hjames@missouri.edu

Special Issue on Advances in Research and Development of Sustainable Environmental Technologies

Respected and renowned for his many years of work in environmental science and engineering, Professor C. P. Huang is currently the Donald C. Phillips Professor at the University of Delaware. During his 40 years in academia, he has nurtured numerous bright young minds from all over the world. The Journal of Environmental Engineering dedicates this issue to honor his achievements. Professor C. P. Huang was born in Changhwa County, Taiwan. After receiving his bachelor’s degree in civil engineering from the National Taiwan University, he undertook graduate studies at Harvard University with Professor Werner Stumm, widely considered the father of aquatic chemistry. Huang’s achievements in surface chemistry are recognized worldwide, and his hundreds of publications include studies widely considered to be seminal in the area of adsorption. By focusing his profound knowledge of surface chemistry on contaminant, treatment, and remediation technologies, he has greatly expanded the horizons of environmental engineering. Recently, he has dedicated his efforts to breakthrough research in the application of nanotechnology to environmental remediation. Huang’s pioneering work in diversified divisions of environmental science and technology has inspired several generations of young scholars. He has served as supervisor and mentor of many young scientists in the areas of environmental science and engineering at the University of Delaware, including 37 doctoral and more than 60 master’s students. He has collaborated with many environmental engineers and scientists and has served as the host of dozens of visiting scholars from many countries. He routinely teaches shortand long-term courses, contributes to a variety of workshops, and has organized many international environmental conferences both in the United States and in other countries, including China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Korea, Germany, and Switzerland. Over the years, Professor Huang’s research has been supported by university, federal, and state agencies; industry; and foundations. The results of his work have been documented in five books, 31 book chapters, and more than 200 journal papers, as well as in hundreds of technical reports and conference presentations. This issue of the Journal of Environmental Engineering honors professor Huang’s contributions to the development of environmental science and engineering, particularly his unremitting efforts to bring outstanding scholars and researchers into new fields of research that have advanced the integration of environment-related disciplines with emerging concepts in sustainability. We sincerely thank all the authors for contributing articles to this special issue, all the reviewers who provided their valuable comments during the peer-review process, the Journal of Environmental Engineering publication staff for their dedicated service, and the Journal of Environmental Engineering editor-in-chief, Dr. Raymond A. Ferrara, for his strong support in the development of the special issue.

The Law and Ethics of Restrictions on an Employee's Post‐Employment Mobility

**Assistant Professor of Corporate Citizenship, Kogod School of Business, American University. We would like to gratefully acknowledge the research support provided by the Ross and Kogod Schools of Business and the research assistance of Evelyn Liristis, as well as the helpful insights and thoughtful suggestions of Timothy L. Fort, David W. Hess, and Eliot P. Bates. We also wish to thank several anonymous reviewers and the editors of the American Business Law Journal for a series of useful comments and suggestions. Any remaining errors or omissions remain our responsibility. An earlier version of this article was selected as a 2011 Distinguished Proceedings Paper and as a finalist for the 2011 Holmes-Cardozo Award for outstanding scholarship by the Academy of Legal Studies in Business.

Better know an HRD scholar: a conversation with Gary N. McLean

This article contains a conversation with Gary N. McLean and is part of a series that focuses on HRD scholars, the aim being to understand better the people behind the names we see in print. At the time of writing, Gary was Senior Professor and Executive Director of International Human Resource Development Programs at Texas A&M University. He was also Professor Emeritus at the University of Minnesota where he helped build the world's number one HRD academic programme. He is a former President of the Academy of Human Resource Development and recipient of the Outstanding Scholar Award from the Academy of Human Resource Development and is one of only three living scholars in its Scholar Hall of Fame.