Output Power Of Solar Cell Research Articles

Hydrophobic and Luminescent Polydimethylsiloxane PDMS-Y2O3:Eu3+ Coating for Power Enhancement and UV Protection of Si Solar Cells.

Solar cells have been developed as a highly efficient source of alternative energy, collecting photons from sunlight and turning them into electricity. On the other hand, ultraviolet (UV) radiation has a substantial impact on solar cells by damaging their active layers and, as a result, lowering their efficiency. Potential solutions include the blocking of UV light (which can reduce the power output of solar cells) or converting UV photons into visible light using down-conversion optical materials. In this work, we propose a novel hydrophobic coating based on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer with embedded red emitting Y2O3:Eu3+ (quantum yield = 78.3%) particles for UV radiation screening and conversion purposes. The favorable features of the PDMS-Y2O3:Eu3+ coating were examined using commercially available polycrystalline silicon solar cells, resulting in a notable increase in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) by ~9.23%. The chemical and UV stability of the developed coatings were assessed by exposing them to various chemical conditions and UV irradiation. It was found that the developed coating can endure tough environmental conditions, making it potentially useful as a UV-protective, water-repellent, and efficiency-enhancing coating for solar cells.

Increasing Solar cell Efficiency using Quantum Dot Sensitization

This research examines the effectiveness of swarm intelligence approaches in improving the functioning of solar cell hybrid microgrids, specifically focusing on the difficulties caused by the irregularity of renewable energy sources. Analyzed were simulated data that represented the creation of solar cell and solar cell electricity, the status of charge of batteries, and the outputs of swarm optimization. The solar cell power data exhibited oscillations in power output ranging from 85 kW to 150 kW, corresponding to changes in solar cell speed ranging from 6.5 m/s to 9.0 m/s. On the other hand, solar cell power saw a marginal decrease from 95 kW to 88 kW, which may be attributed to variations in solar cell irradiation ranging from 850 W/m² to 780 W/m². The battery's level of charge varied between 70% and 95%, indicating the fluctuating rates of charging and discharging, which ranged from 20 kW to 30 kW and 12 kW to 25 kW, respectively. The swarm optimization rounds showed a decrease in the cost of the optimum solution from 3200 to 2000, and an improvement in the convergence rate from 80% to 100%. The analysis indicated a significant 76.5% surge in solar cell power output at peak periods, whereas there was an 8% decline in solar cell power. The state of charge (SoC) of the battery exhibited an average rise of 35.7%, while swarm optimization demonstrated a 37.5% reduction in cost and a steady 25% improvement in convergence rate. The results emphasize the natural fluctuation of renewable sources and demonstrate the potential of swarm intelligence in improving microgrid operation. These results highlight the significance of adaptive control methods in the management of renewable-based microgrids, providing valuable insights for improving their stability, dependability, and cost-effectiveness. The study's findings have practical applications, highlighting the importance of swarm intelligence in promoting the development of sustainable energy systems in the context of integrating renewable energy sources.

A Detailed Analysis of the Modified Economic Method for Assessing the Performance of Photovoltaic Module Enhancing Techniques

This paper presents a detailed analysis of the modified economic method (FMCE) for evaluating the performance of photovoltaic module (PV)-enhancing techniques, aiming to address existing research gaps. The impact of influential parameters on the FMCE is examined through illustrative examples. These parameters include the output power of a single solar cell without an enhancer, output power of a PV with an enhancer, manufacturing cost of the PV enhancer, one-watt cost of PV power, and maximum output power of a solar cell with an enhancer equivalent to maximum output power at standard test conditions (STC). The results of this study reveal that the output power of a single solar cell without an enhancer, number of solar cells with an enhancer in the PV, and manufacturing cost of the PV enhancer have a proportional relationship with the FMCE. As these parameters increase, the FMCE also increases, which negatively affects the cost-effectiveness of the PV enhancer, leading to lower performance. So, it is advisable to maintain the values of these parameters at lower levels. Conversely, the output power of a PV with an enhancer and the one-watt cost of PV power exhibit an inverse proportional relationship with the FMCE. As the output power of a PV with an enhancer and the one-watt cost of PV power increase, the FMCE decreases, which positively affects the cost-effectiveness of the PV enhancer, leading to higher performance. Hence, it is recommended to keep these two parameters high for optimal performance. In conclusion, the FMCE may have potential for application by designers and manufacturers of PV enhancers.

Thermodynamic Performance of Hot-Carrier Solar Cells: A Quantum Transport Model

In conventional solar cells, photogenerated carriers lose part of their energy before they can be extracted to make electricity. The aim of hot-carrier solar cells is to extract the carriers before this energy loss, thereby turning more energy into electrical power. This requires extracting the carriers in a nonequilibrium (nonthermal) energy distribution. Here, we investigate the performance of hot-carrier solar cells for such nonequilibrium distributions. We propose a quantum transport model in which each energy-loss process (carrier thermalization, relaxation, and recombination) is simulated by a B\"uttiker probe. We study charge and heat transport to analyze the hot-carrier solar cell's power output and efficiency, introducing partial efficiencies for different loss processes and the carrier extraction. We show that producing electrical power from a nonequilibrium distribution has the potential to improve the output power and efficiency. Furthermore, in the limit where the distribution is thermal, we prove that a boxcar-shaped transmission for the carrier extraction maximizes the efficiency at any given output power.

N-type H2-doped amorphous silicon layer for solar-cell application

AbstractIn this work, we report that hydrogen (H2) doped in n-type a-Si:H thin films strongly influences the electronic correlation in increasing the conversion output power of solar cells. Type n a-Si:H thin films were grown using PECVD on ITO substrates with various H2-doping, to obtain various thin films for solar-cell applications. N-type a-Si:H thin films were prepared, and then characterized using ellipsometric spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The addition of doped-H2 to the thin layer shows a decrease in optical conductivity, while the energy gap in the thin layer shows a significant increase in the a-Si:H-type thin layer. Our results show that H2 doping plays a very important role in the electronic structure, which is indicated by the significant energy gap difference. On the other hand, the bond structure of each H2-doped thin film showed a change from amorphous to nanocrystalline structures which were evenly distributed in each H2-doped bonding. Overall, we believe that the addition of doped-H2 to our findings could help increase the power conversion output of the solar cell due to the modification of the electronic structure.

Solar Charger Controller Efficiency Analysis of Type Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) and Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT)

Solar radiation at any time can be different due to various things such as blocking of sunlight due to clouds, the intensity of the sun from sunrise to sunset, cloudiness in the rainy season, and the presence of fog in certain areas which causes different levels of solar energy. radiation that causes the output power of solar cells to vary. and not optimal. For that we need a control device that can stabilize the energy output from solar cells called Solar Charge Controller (SCC). This research was conducted to determine the value of the output power, voltage, and current of SCC type Type Pulse Width (PWM) and Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), then determine the value of efficiency, and compare which type of SCC is better to use. Sampling of solar voltage and current data in the field at 10.00 – 15.00, this is because at that time the sunlight reaches its maximum intensity. The results showed that the MPPT type SCC efficiency was higher than the PWM type SCC efficiency value, namely 84.623% the MPPT type SCC efficiency compared to 80.935% PWM type SCC efficiency.
 Keywords: Solar Charge Controller, Pulse Width Modulation, Maximum Power Point Tracking

Design of solar cell using mirror, cooling, double axis, and solar tracking

Fossil energy sources are dwindling. It is necessary to develop alternative energy sources for future energy. The solar cell is an alternative energy that can be used in Indonesia. The current challenge is utilizing solar panels for the best possible power production. This research gives the solution to design an increase in solar cell output power by using mirrors, cooling, and a double-axis solar tracking control system. The results show that using a mirror, cooling, and double-axis solar tracking produces optimal output power with a current and power are 2.43 amperes and 40.3 watts, respectively. Meanwhile, several factors can affect this solar panel's efficiency. Specifically, the amount of solar radiation that the solar panel can receive depends on the climate on the day and location of the research and the solar panel's dimensions.

Multi-objective planning of energy hub on economic aspects and resources with heat and power sources, energizable, electric vehicle and hydrogen storage system due to uncertainties and demand response

Nowadays, microgrids and their optimal exploitation based on energy hubs are particularly important. A microgrid is an energy system that supplies electricity to customers with renewable and fossil generation sources. Therefore, the main goal of this work in optimal planning of energy hubs includes how to distribute products such as combined energy and heat sources, hydrogen storage systems, electric vehicles, and controllable loads to examine the role of demand side management and renewables. This research study also aimed at minimizing the cost of power generation in the following hours or days, as well as the spread of environmental pollution. Since various sources of uncertainty such as load, energy price in the wind turbine, and solar cell output power market affect the microgrid's economic optimization, this research study is covered by probabilistic modeling. The hydrogen storage system includes an electrolyzer, hydrogen tanks, and a fuel cell. We apply the load-side response program to flatten the load diagram and optimize the microgrid use. As this model has different objective functions, a multi-objective random algorithm was proposed to solve it. Finally, the proposed model and method for a sample system in different scenarios are discussed. Based on obtained results from all scenarios, the first case reduced the operating cost by 20.75 % and 15.17 % compared to the second and third cases. Similarly, the rate of environmental pollution has decreased by 7.94 % and 2.23 %.

Multifunctional Low-Profile Fabry–Perot Resonator Antenna Integrated With Solar Cells

A novel multifunctional low-profile Fabry–Perot resonator (FPR) antenna integrated with solar cells (SCs) is proposed in this communication. It is mainly composed of a transparent partially reflective surface (PRS), a patch radiator, and an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) made of SCs array. On the upper layer, the PRS is made of the transparent copper microgrid to perform the function of partial reflection as well as ensure that sufficient solar energy can be captured by the SCs. Here, the SCs array acting as AMC can reduce the profile of the FPR antenna, on the other hand, it can collect solar energy and convert it into direct current (dc) power to provide energy supply of the device. Through this design, the SCs and FPR antenna are well combined compatibly together. The proposed antenna is fabricated and verified, the measured results demonstrate that the proposed multifunctional FPR antenna has a realized gain of 11.5 dBi with high aperture efficiency of 58.3% and a good low-profile characteristic (approximately <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> /6). The measured output power of SCs can reach to 600 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{w}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> . The work proposed in this communication illustrates the multifunctional requirements of antenna with high radiation properties, low profile, and the capability of power harvesting, simultaneously. It may be a good scheme for self-powered occasions, such as outdoor and satellite communication devices.

Optimized wavelet packet analysis for photovoltaic wave power suppression

Abstract The hybrid energy storage system (HESS) is composed of lithium-ion battery packs and supercapacitors (SCs), it can better stabilize the output of photovoltaic (PV) in the microgrid. The wavelet packet analysis method is used to decompose the output power of PV, and the power components of different frequency bands can be obtained. However, the traditional wavelet packet decomposition method has a fixed number of decomposition layers and cannot track changes in the output power of PV in real time. This paper proposes an improved wavelet packet decomposition method: considering the fluctuation of solar cell output power and the current working status of the HESS, the fuzzy control algorithm is used to adjust the number of wavelet packet layers in real-time to realize the adaptive process of power fluctuation in the stable process, and taking into account the state of charge of lithium-ion batteries and SCs, fuzzy control is used to allocate their secondary output power to improve the stability effect. Experiments show that compared with the traditional wavelet packet-based control method, the control method proposed in this paper improves the control effect by 4.5%.

Treatment of Light-Induced Degradation for Solar Cells in a p-PERC Solar Module via Induction Heating

In the photovoltaic industry, there is great interest in increasing the power output of solar cells to achieve grid parity and to promote the widespread use of solar cells. However, despite many developments, a phenomenon called light-induced degradation causes the efficiency of solar cells to deteriorate over time. This study proposes a treatment that can be applied to cells within solar modules. It uses a half-bridge resonance circuit to induce a magnetic field and selectively heat Al electrodes in the solar cells. The electrical state of a solar module was measured in real time as it was being heated, and the results were combined with a kinetics simulation using a cyclic reaction. As the temperature of the solar module increased, the time taken to reach the saturation point and the recovery time decreased. Moreover, the value of the saturation point increased. The light-induced degradation activation energy was similar to results in the existing literature, suggesting that the kinetic model was valid and applicable even when 72 cells were connected in series. This demonstrates that an entire solar module can be treated when the cells are connected in series, and in future multiple modules, could be connected in series during treatment.

Analyzing periodical textured silicon solar cells by the TCAD modeling

The most effective way to improve the optical properties of silicon-based solar cells is to form the textures on their surface. In this paper, the authors studied the influence of geometric sizes of periodical pyramidal textures, which are formed on the surface of a silicon-based solar cell, on its photoelectric properties. Through optics theories, it was determined that the angle at the base of the pyramid should be equal to 73°7ʹ12ʺ. But, using the Sentaurus TCAD program, it was found that the angle at the base of pyramid should be 70°21ʹ0ʺ, in order to reach the maximum efficiency. Because the model takes into account all the electric, optic and thermic properties of the solar cell. The modeling identified that the output power of the simple planar silicon-based solar cell was equal to 6.13 mW/cm2, the output power of the solar cell, which was covered with the pyramidal texture with height of 1.4 μm, was equal to 10.62 mW/cm2. It was found that the efficiency of the solar cell increases by 1.6 times, when it is covered with pyramids with the angle at the base of pyramid equal to 70°21ʹ0ʺ.

A novel maximum power point tracking in partially shaded PV systems using a hybrid method

To exploit photovoltaic systems, a major point that merits attention is to find maximum output power for the efficiency increase. The output power of solar cells depends on the ambient temperature and intensity of solar radiation. The cloud phenomenon creates a partially shaded on solar arrays; in this condition, the power–voltage curve of a solar array has several local maximum points. When there is uniform radiation, conventional methods of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) can be used. However, these methods are not efficient in partially shaded, due to the existence of several Maximum Power Points (MPPs) in the power-voltage characteristic. In this paper, a novel method for MPP tracking under the partially shaded is proposed, which is a combination of observational tracking and constant–voltage methods. When there is uniform radiation, the tracking operation is observed and tracked by a fuzzy logic–based approach. The proposed method is based on the existence of a relationship between radiation intensity and MPP voltage. In the existence of this relationship, the MPP voltage can be calculated by measuring the intensity of radiation at any moment. In addition, partially shaded works using the constant-voltage method. To verify the simulation results, laboratory implementation was performed. The results show that with considering the MPPs, the output power increases about 10% while the partially shaded is applied.

Perovskite/silicon tandem photovoltaics: Technological disruption without business disruption

Meeting the ambitious challenge of net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 and holding the average increase in global temperature below 1.5 °C necessitate the upscaling of readily available renewable energy sources, especially solar photovoltaics. Since the window of time to achieve this goal is closing fast, it is of paramount importance that we accelerate the decarbonization of the global energy system by increasing the power output of solar cells through advancing their power conversion efficiencies toward and beyond the Shockley–Queisser limit. In this Perspective, we describe how the integration of perovskites into the well-established silicon production infrastructure to form perovskite/silicon tandem photovoltaics can raise the rate of solar deployment. We present a holistic analysis of the technology from different perspectives, such as materials science, manufacturing, sustainability, and business, which highlights how the pairing of perovskite and silicon is advantageous at many different levels of consideration. Altogether, perovskite/silicon tandems deliver a technological disruption in efficiency while maintaining compatibility with the present photovoltaics industry, making it the fastest route to enhance the silicon market and rapidly address climate change.

Maximum Power Point Tracking in the Photovoltaic Module Using Incremental Conductance Algorithm with Variable Step Length

Tracking maximum power in photovoltaic applications is considered a major issue. Because of the change in the output power of solar cells by changing the radiation and temperature, it is required to receive the maximum power from solar array to be achieved the maximum efficiency using maximum power tracking methods. A large number of the maximum power methods have been introduced so far, but each has difficulty in terms of tracking speed and accuracy, and in practice, they have not been able to improve both of these factors. Among the commonly used methods, the incremental conductance method has a good tracking speed and accuracy, but at the same time, it cannot reach both to a desirable value. In this paper, a new method is proposed based on the above method that improves the mentioned factors simultaneously to an acceptable limit. The result of the simulation confirms the correctness of the claim of the proposed method.

Analysis of PWM- and MPPT-solar charge controller efficiency by simulation

Indonesia is a tropical country having high potential of solar energy. In contrary, solar irradiation is varied due to obstruction of the sun by clouds, the difference of intensity of the sun all day, the occurrence of clouds during the rainy season, and the presence of fog in certain areas making it irradiation rate of solar light thus causing the solar cell output power to be varied and not optimum. Therefore, control device is needed to stabilize output power from solar cell, called solar charge controller. This study aims were to measure its efficiency values and compare two type of SCC, i.e. PWM and MPPT. Solar cell voltage and current were obtained by measuring those parameters manually from solar panel on the field and analysed by MATLAB. The data showed that power value, voltage, and influx produced by MPPT were 6.23 W, 12.39 V, 4.9 A and PWM were 6.04 W, 12.16 V, 4.8 A. Average efficiency value of PWM was 172% and MPPT was 177%. Data analysis revealed that MPPT have superiority accorded to its power value, voltage, and influx compared to PWM. By this, MPPT was preference application onto solar harvesting system.

Analysis of Environmental Effects on a Solar Hydrogen Production System.(Dept.E)

Development of new energy resources has become an important object. The proposed of separating hydrogen form water for utilization as a substitute for oil and other fossil fules has become a field of interest for energy planners and decisions makers. The present work is concerned with studying and analyzsng a photovoltaic (Poly-Si manufactured by Solarex co) solar hydrogen system installed over the roof the institute of Astronomty and Genphysics at Helwan. Egypt. Fig (1): The system is constructed to measure the temperature of solar cell at center of the panel and near its edges. Using two thermocouples as sensors. The ambient air temperature was measured simultaneously with that of solar cells for comparison. The normal incident beam of global solar radiation is recorded by a doom sensor, which was installed in a parallel position. Also, measurements of the environmental and meteorological effects are performed every half hour, electrical parameters, were carried out before the noon lime to sunset with variance in the solar radiation. The power output of solar cells. The amount of energy contained in sunlight just outside the earth's atmosphere is about 1.4km/m2. In actual use, solar cells convert between 5 and 20%of incident solar energy into electric energy. depending upon the specific solar cell construction and prevailing operating conditions.

Study on the Influence of Light Intensity on the Performance of Solar Cell

In order to solve the problem that the influence of light intensity on solar cells is easily affected by the complexity of photovoltaic cell parameters in the past, it is proposed based on the influence of light intensity on the power generation performance of solar cells. By analyzing the electrical performance parameters of photovoltaic cell trough solar energy and determining the influencing factors, discarding other weakly related parameters, and designing targeted research programs, according to the study of the impact of light intensity and temperature on the battery temperature changes, the performance of photovoltaic power generation was understood. The output voltage and current of the maximum power point were obtained. By analyzing its relationship with influencing factors, the impact analysis on the power generation performance of photovoltaic cells was realized. The experimental results show that the open circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and maximum output power of solar cells increase with the increase of light intensity. Therefore, it can be known that the greater the light intensity, the better the power generation performance of the solar cell.

An Open-Source Monte Carlo Ray-Tracing Simulation Tool for Luminescent Solar Concentrators with Validation Studies Employing Scattering Phosphor Films

Luminescent solar concentrators enhance the power output of solar cells through wave-guided luminescent emission and have great potential as building-integrated photovoltaics. Luminescent solar concentrators with a variety of geometries and absorbing–emitting materials have been reported in the literature. As the breadth of available experimental configurations continues to grow, there is an increasing need for versatile Monte Carlo ray-tracing simulation tools to analyze the performance of these devices for specific applications. This paper presents the framework for a Monte Carlo ray-tracing simulation tool that can be used to analyze a host of three-dimensional geometries. It incorporates custom radiative transport models to consider the effects of scattering from luminescent media, while simultaneously modeling absorption and luminescent emission. The model is validated using experimental results for three-dimensional planar and wedge-shaped luminescent solar concentrators employing scattering phosphor films. Performance was studied as a function of length, wavelength, and the angle of incidence of incoming light. The data for the validation studies and the code (written using the Python programming language) associated with the described model are publically available.

Experimental monitoring system using Arduino microcontroller in studying the effect of temperature and light intensity of solar cell output power in Ma’an development area

Experimental monitoring system using Arduino microcontroller in studying the effect of temperature and light intensity of solar cell output power in Ma’an development area