PV System Output Research Articles

Numerical study of [formula omitted]-fuelled micro-free piston CHP system, coupled with thermophotovoltaic (TPV) and battolyser units

Hydrogen (H2) fuelled internal combustion engines (ICEs) can play an important role in small-scale applications despite low efficiency, short reactant residence time and pre-combustion issues. In this study, a hybrid green H2 production and utilisation system covering renewable-powered H2O electrolysis, micro-CHP (combined heat and power) and thermoelectric units was developed. The solar or wind powered battolyser system stores electricity and utilises it to produce H2. The produced green H2 combusts with air in the cylinder to drive the turbine and the electric generator. While the thermophotovoltaic (TPV) unit converts the heat radiation into electrical energy to maximise the power efficiency of the developed hybrid system. The result showed a better temperature distribution, higher pressure discharge on both pistons’ walls and increased energy efficiency by replacing a single-piston with the opposed piston cylinder combustor and using cylinder exit gas to generate more electricity. Steam coolant reduced the thermal stress on the cylinder wall. The mounted TPV unit on the cylinder wall converted the absorbed heat flux to 3.9 kW. The maximum power output of the solar PV and wind turbine systems was reached at an irradiance of 1200 W/m2 under ambient temperature conditions and a wind speed of 17 m/s. By using the exhaust gas from the cylinder to drive the gas turbine, 8.8 kW power output and an electrical efficiency of 31.9 % were recorded. NOx emissions <6 ppm and a CHP efficiency of 93.5 % were achieved for the developed hybrid system. The proposed system can substitute the current domestic gas boiler which is in the phase-out state.

Research on MPPT control strategy based on CCAOA algorithm

ABSTRACT Photovoltaic arrays operating under partial shading conditions (PSCs) may exhibit multiple peaks in the power-voltage curve of the PV system output. The conventional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm cannot address the multipeak problem and demonstrates slow convergence speed, often falling into a local optimum. Consequently, this study proposes a collaborative and cosine arithmetic optimisation algorithm (CCAOA). First, a cosine factor is introduced into the mathematical optimisation. Circle chaotic mapping and cross-variance strategy were incorporated to boost the diversity and randomness within the algorithm population followed by a cooperative search strategy involving addition and subtraction to enhance the algorithm’s local search capability, thereby accelerating its convergence speed. We assessed the effectiveness of the CCAOA using six IEEE standard test functions. The CCAOA outperforms other algorithms in terms of convergence speed and accuracy. Furthermore, when applied to the MPPT control strategy, the CCAOA’s performance is validated through simulations and experiments. MPPT can be performed within approximately 0.3 to 0.4 s under static conditions, with 99.98% efficiency. Under dynamic conditions, only approximately 0.4 s is required for MPPT, thereby achieving a maximum efficiency of 99.99%. Conversely, the AOA, TSO, and PSO algorithms require over 0.4 s for MPPT and can be trapped in local optima under these two conditions. Experiments were conducted using a PV simulator and DC/DC converter, and the algorithm achieved efficiencies of 99.22%, 99.33%, and 99.54% under uniform irradiation and two PSCs, respectively.

Phased optimization of active distribution networks incorporating distributed photovoltaic storage system: A multi-objective coati optimization algorithm

In this study, a phased operation optimization method for active distribution network with energy storage system is proposed for the operation optimization problem of active distribution network. The proposed model considers the PV and storage system output, the number of regulation equipment action, network loss and node voltage deviation for multi-objective optimization of the active distribution network. To achieve multi-objective optimization of the proposed optimal model, this study proposes a multi-objective coati optimization algorithm based on integrated crowding distance ranking, Bernoulli chaotic mapping, external archiving and non-dominated ranking mechanism. The proposed algorithm exhibits good performance as tested by ZDT and UF test functions, and obtaining optimal values in 75 % of the results. In the test of the improved IEEE30 and IEEE33 node system, the proposed method is improved by 21.55 %, 56.10 % and 4.12 % in the three aspects of network loss, node voltage deviation and minimum voltage of the whole network compared with the unoptimized case. Therefore, the proposed method in this study has a good application value for the optimization of active distribution network operation and can support the grid-connected operation of distributed new energy sources.

A novel MPPT technology based on dung beetle optimization algorithm for PV systems under complex partial shade conditions.

Solar power is a renewable energy source, and its efficient development and utilization are important for achieving global carbon neutrality. However, partial shading conditions cause the output of PV systems to exhibit nonlinear and multipeak characteristics, resulting in a loss of output power. In this paper, we propose a novel Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technique for PV systems based on the Dung Beetle Optimization Algorithm (DBO) to maximize the output power of PV systems under various weather conditions. We performed a performance comparison analysis of the DBO technique with existing renowned MPPT techniques such as Squirrel Search Algorithm, Cuckoo search Optimization, Horse Herd Optimization Algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization, Adaptive Factorized Particle Swarm Algorithm and Gray Wolf Optimization Hybrid Nelder-mead. The experimental validation is carried out on the HIL + RCP physical platform, which fully demonstrates the advantages of the DBO technique in terms of tracking speed and accuracy. The results show that the proposed DBO achieves 99.99% global maximum power point (GMPP) tracking efficiency, as well as a maximum improvement of 80% in convergence rate stabilization rate, and a maximum improvement of 8% in average power. A faster, more efficient and robust GMPP tracking performance is a significant contribution of the DBO controller.

Hybrid optimization strategy for water cooling system: enhancement of photovoltaic panels performance

Abstract Solar energy is the most effective substitute for fossil fuels when it comes to Produce electricity among the numerous renewable energy sources. The efficiency may drop as a result of overheating, and the PV cell may also be harmed. Therefore, increasing the output of a solar PV system at a lower cost is essential to improving its efficiency. Additionally, by using cooling methods, the PV cells’ lifetime is extended. By lowering the working temperature of a PV panel’s surface, you may increase efficiency and slow the thermal deterioration rate. This may be done by module cooling and lowering the heat that the PV cells generate while operating. Hence, an active cooling technology known as optimization-aided water spraying technique is employed to increase efficiency. This method enables the PV panels to provide their maximum output power while taking less time to drop down to a lower surface temperature. Beluga Whale assisted Jellyfish Optimization (BWJO) model is suggested as a means of achieving these goals. Finally, Simulink/MATLAB is used to implement the suggested method and optimize the PV system cooling. The performances of the two components were compared using a variety of metrics.

Study on the Equivalent Conversion and Utilisation Model of Solar Energy and its Benefits

Relying on the energy local area network (LAN), we study the equivalent conversion relationship between different “energy qualities” in the process of solar energy conversion and utilisation and its benefit model. Considering the impact of load demand characteristics and current energy consumption price factors on solar energy utilization, a multi-objective optimization model of solar energy conversion and utilization is constructed with the goals of maximizing solar energy utilization and maximizing the comprehensive benefits of system operation; then, the particle swarm optimization algorithm with quantum behaviour is used to optimize and solve the model, and a comparative analysis is carried out with the traditional single-energy supply mode. The results show that the proposed model can effectively improve the comprehensive utilisation and consumption of solar energy by the energy consumption system, and achieve higher energy sales benefits. Therefore, with the help of energy storage technology, the fluctuation and intermittency of the solar PV system output can be suppressed, and flexible grid connection can be realised, so as to enhance the grid-connected capacity of solar energy; at the same time, higher economic benefits can be obtained with the help of optimisation, coordination and control system operation. Optimised control of solar PV power generation systems under different scenarios ensures the safety and stability of the system’s power output and improves the grid-connected capability of solar PV power generation systems. The validity and feasibility of the proposed model and its operation mode are verified, providing a new idea for the development and utilisation of large-scale solar energy.

Boosting the energy output of an On-Grid solar PV system using a novel techniques

Two techniques have been used in this study to boost energy output of an on-grid PV system. Boosting energy output is achieved by educating the PV solar system performance parameters. Planar concentrators and cooling are two techniques used to boost energy output. The current solar PV system is placed in Baghdad/Al-Taji. This work includes improving the following performance parameters: performance ratio (PR), array efficiency, array yield, electrical energy, as well as solar irradiation. All of these improvements are accomplished by improving solar irradiance using planar concentrators (made of aluminum metal) and cooling (via water). The monthly daily average of energy produced for enhanced and reference PV modules is 14.2 kWh and 11.1 kWh, respectively. The monthly daily average of the array yield to the enhanced PV modules and reference PV modules is 7.14 kWh/kWp and 5.61 kWh/kWp, respectively. The monthly daily average of solar irradiation to the enhanced and reference PV modules is 7.71kWh/m2 and 6.101kWh/m2, respectively. The monthly daily average efficiency and performance ratio of the enhanced and reference PV modules are 14.3% &amp; 93.6%, and 13.9% &amp; 91.1%, respectively. The maximum average monthly temperatures of the enhanced and reference PV modules are in July, at 48.5OC and 57.4OC respectively, where the ambient air temperature is 42.1OC. The novel aspect of this work is the successful optimization of the performance (PR) parameters of an on-grid PV system using the new equations. Besides from designing a novel system to improve the performance of solar PV modules of the second generation (CIGS).

IoT Monitoring for PV System Optimization in Hospital Environment Application

Purpose: The objective of this study is to implement IoT monitoring to remotely monitor PV system output and efficiency to ensure the continuous supply to ventilators and monitors in the ICU Room of RSI Siti Khadijah Palembang.&#x0D; Methodology/approach: The approach implemented in this study is by installing IoT Monitoring as an automatic transfer switch to ensure the continuous supply for the load.&#x0D; Results/findings: The IoT monitoring shows the real-time production of PV panels, battery capacity, and inverter output. Hence, the operator can monitor the PV system output and decide whether to keep using sources from PV panels or switch to grid utilities during cloudy/rainy days.&#x0D; Limitations: The IoT monitoring system has supervised the system's reliability, but it is necessary to improve the output and efficiency of the PV system by adding artificial intelligence algorithms and installing active cooling to prevent overheating.&#x0D; Contribution: This study shows the effectiveness of implementing IoT monitoring for the On-Grid PV system installed on the rooftop of RSI Siti Khadijah Palembang.

Topology optimization and numerical analysis of cold plates for concentrating photovoltaic thermal management

Continuous advances in concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) panel efficiency are increasingly affected by cell temperature. Improving PV panel cooling performance is critical. This application optimizes the internal flow channel structure of PV panel cooling systems using topology optimization techniques like multi-objective and multi-stage optimization with penalty factors. Three-dimensional CFD simulation is used to compare the heat transfer performance of topology optimized channel cooling configuration and traditional straight channel cooling configuration for photovoltaic panel systems. Effects of inlet flow rates, concentration ratios, and other parameters on cooling performance are investigated. Results show the topology optimized flow channel configuration has better cooling than the straight channel. At different concentration ratios, the solar cell temperature reduces 13.85%–23.45%. The optimized application also has lower inlet and outlet pressure drops for the same operating conditions, requiring less external power. Compared to the straight channel, the topology optimized flow channel increases net PV system output power 3.00%–19.37% at different concentration ratios. Applying topology optimization provides new ideas for optimizing PV cooling system designs.

Moth flame optimization for the maximum power point tracking scheme of photovoltaic system under partial shading conditions

The dwindling reserves of fossil fuels have spurred the expansion of photovoltaic power systems, widely regarded as an alluring solution. Yet, a formidable challenge arises when it comes to optimizing the output of PV systems exposed to irregular irradiance stemming from external environmental factors. Consequently, this research endeavors to advocate the use of the Moth Flame Optimization (MFO) algorithm to search for the highest power output of a solar energy harvesting system. The distinctive behavior of moths proves instrumental in thorough searching of the feasible space, mitigating the risk of entrapment in local optima. To evaluate its efficacy, this algorithm’s performance is validated by comparing its outcomes with those of the Butterfly Optimization Algorithm (BOA). Both algorithms are subjected to experimentation to search for the Global Maximum Power Points (GMPPs) of the PV system under two distinct Partial Shading Condition (PSC) scenarios: Case 1 and Case 2. The results indicate that BOA tends to produce outcomes with a broader data dispersion range relative to the mean, unlike MFO. Specifically, for Case 1, the standard deviation values for MFO and BOA are 2.327040E−02 and 5.777913E−02, respectively, while for Case 2, they are 5.0567340E−02 and 8.519362E−02, respectively. Hence, the proposed approach demonstrates faster and more precise convergence.

Model predictive current control for maximum power point tracking of voltage source inverter based grid connected photovoltaic system

&lt;p&gt;Due to the high demand of grid connected photovoltaic systems, there is a need to track the maximum power point of the PV system. As the output of PV system is dc, there should be a converter, acting as medium between PV system and dc bus capacitor to track maximum power at all the loads. Usually boost converter is acting as medium between PV system and dc link capacitor as the duty cycle of the insulated-gate bipolar transistor in boost converter is in between 0 to 1 for maximum loads during maximum power point tracking (MPPT). To make PV system stable, the balance point is dc bus. If the dc bus voltage is constant, the system will be stable. Then the transfer power will just depend on current. For this purpose, the active current reference signal is to be generated by setting up the reference voltage across dc bus. Here to generate active reference current, PI controller is used and the reference voltage is taken according to the peak voltage of the inverter output voltage. The proposed control strategy was evaluated on a three-phase inverter linked to the grid and supplied by the PV system, which is working under varying irradiation conditions.&lt;/p&gt;

General layout design of mountain PV plant based on array spacing planning

Abstract Reasonable determination of the installation inclination and array spacing of PV power plant modules is essential to improve the power generation efficiency of PV power plants. This paper firstly derives the formula for calculating the north-south spacing of PV arrays with arbitrary slope inclination and visualizes the north-south spacing of complex mountain PV arrays using ArcGIS. Secondly, a mountain PV array system is proposed to ensure that the system can still operate at the maximum power point in real-time when the solar radiation intensity changes drastically due to unpredictable environmental variables. Finally, to verify the feasibility of the active PV array system in real-life production, an experimental platform is built, and an operational test experiment of the active PV array system under partial shading conditions is conducted, as well as a long-term power boost comparison test. The experimental results show that the mountain PV array system has a 95.7% matching degree in the operation test experiment, which can be perfectly adapted to most PV plants; in the power boost comparison test, the power generation of the traditional PV system is 254Wh, and the power generation of the mountain PV array system is 483Wh, which is about 1.9 times higher than the performance of the traditional PV system. The mountain PV array system has good adaptability to various harsh and unexpected conditions and solves the problem of improving the power output of PV systems in the shadow-shaded environment of mountainous areas, which improves the general usability of PV.

A Statistical Analysis of Long-Term Grid-Connected PV System Operation in Niš (Serbia) under Temperate Continental Climatic Conditions

This study analyzes the grid-connected PV system performances over a 10-year period under temperate continental conditions in Niš. Based on the experimental results, we found the following: the 10-year yearly average values of PV system efficiency, Yf, CF, and PR are 10.49%, 1178.51 kWh/kWp, 13.45%, and 0.87, respectively. The yearly average value of PV performances for a 10-year measurement indicates that the behavior of the given PV system over 10 years does not change significantly. Besides, a mathematical prediction model was obtained through regression analysis, and ANOVA was applied for testing the model’s validity. It is shown that the obtained model is statistically significant and enables prediction better than a simple average, the mean values of PV electricity are not changed statistically significantly over the 10 observed years, and there is a statistically significant difference in POA mean radiation during the months over 10 years. Based on the obtained model and POA radiation values, a prediction of the PV system output can be made for similar PV installations. The analysis presented in this study significantly impacts energy prediction, PV energy modeling, and the economics and profitability of the grid-connected PV system utilization, as well as the PV systems’ operation planning and maintenance.

Simulation and Modeling of Different Types of MPPT Techniques Based on PV System

This paper endeavored to analyze the performance of several maximum power point tracking (MPPT) strategies for use with PV installations. Methods like "perturb and observe," "incremental conductance," and "fuzzy logic controller" are evaluated here. Using the simulation program MATLAB/Simulink, we modeled a PV module and DC/DC boost converter and tested them with a variety of MPPT implementations. This research examines three distinct methods for calculating MPPT output: the traditional Perturb and Observe approach, the incremental conductance method, and the fuzzy logic controller. It is evident that when compared to the conventional P&amp;O controller and the incremental conductance approach, the tracking speed achieved by the fuzzy logic controller is more consistent and faster. However, P&amp;O controller's operating point keeps changing around the maximum power point even in steady state operation, which is a major drawback. In this study, we focus on the fuzzy logic controller design and contrast it with the incremental conductance controller and the P&amp;O controller. This algorithm was used to record the daily peak power use. In this setup, a DC-DC converter and fuzzy logic controller work together to keep the PV system's output power at its maximum. MATLAB/SIMULINK is used for all simulations.

Modelling and Validation of Typical PV Mini-Grids in Kenya: Experience from RESILIENT Project

PV-based mini-grids are identified as a feasible and, often, only economically viable option for the electrification of Kenyan remote and scattered rural areas, where connection to the national grid is challenging, and the related costs are high, if not prohibitive. This paper presents the analysis of typical Kenyan PV mini-grids by using some results of the work in the project “Reliable, Efficient and Sustainable Mini-Grids for Rural Infrastructure Development in Kenya (RESILIENT)”. After presenting average annual and seasonal daily load profiles of residential and small commercial mini-grid customers identified from the measured demands, the paper introduces the main mini-grid components and their models, including a simplified, but reasonably accurate, model of a mini-grid battery storage system based on the manufacturer’s charge–discharge curves. All mini-grid components are assembled in a scalable and easily reconfigurable simulation model of an actual Kenyan PV mini-grid, and they are implemented for the evaluation of PV mini-grid performance and the potential for expansion and connection of additional residential and small commercial customers. During the validation of the developed simulation model using available measurement data, an empirical approach for adjusting the PV system output power is specified for a more accurate match with the measurements. The presented results indicate the importance of the information on the actual control algorithms and control settings of the mini-grid energy management systems, on the thermal dependencies and characteristics of both PV generation system and battery storage system, and on the availability of on-site measurements of temperature and input solar irradiance. The developed PV mini-grid model can be used for further analyses, such as to study the techno-economic performance of different mini-grid configurations, to identify the optimal sizing of mini-grid components, and to specify efficient control and operation schemes based on the locally available resources.

Boost-converter reliability assessment for renewable-energy generation systems in a low-voltage DC microgrid

Renewable-energy-based generating systems like photovoltaic (PV) systems, and energy storage devices like batteries are mostly considered as two types of main generation sources for the islanded operation mode of a low-voltage DC microgrid (LV-DC MG). Dynamic characteristics of the off-grid LV-DC MG, for instance, fluctuation in load power or frequent changes in the PV-system output power; as well as transient characteristics such as DC faults, and switching actions of power devices may reduce the converters’ reliability. To explicate the viewpoints mentioned, this paper will evaluate the reliability of DC-DC step-up converters used for renewable energy-based generation systems, typically for the PV systems of the LV-DC MG from different dynamic and fault conditions. To perform the reliability analysis, the dynamic-voltage-dependent (DVD) failure rate (FR) and fault-current-dependent (FCD) failure rate of the PV-system step-up converter will be formularized. More clearly, the assessment of step-up converter reliability and its discrete components is based on a new combination of the used-time-dependent (UTD) failure rate, FCD-FR, and DVD-FR and the use of a Markov-state transition diagram. Experimental results illustrate that the output capacitor of the boost converter is greatly influenced by the transient and dynamic characteristics of the PV-generating system. The DVD-FR of the boost converter is quite small when compared to its FCD-FR. Moreover, the PV-system boost converter’s reliability is most rapidly decreased by multiple repeated dynamic cases when the LV-DC MG is in the islanded mode. In addition, when considering both dynamic and transient characteristics of the LV-DC MG, two indices, namely, mean-time-to-failure (MTTF), and mean-time-between-failures (MTBF) of the PV-system boost converter could also be quickly reduced.

이차전지를 이용한 2kW 태양광전원용 전압보상장치의 운용 방안에 관한 연구

Recently, korean government has been promoting numerous policies and projects to increase the capacity of renewable energy source up to 63.8[GW] by 2030, which is 20[%] of the total power generation. However, the output of PV systems may vary greatly depending on the environmental conditions, moreover, there are problems that the PV system may be disconnected from inverters as the PV string voltage violates the operation range even if partial PV modules are shaded. Therefore, in order to prevent the PV systems being disconnected from the inverter due to partial shades on PV modules, this paper presents an operation method of voltage compensation device for PV modules, which can compensate the decreased PV string voltage by connecting Li-ion batteries in series. And also, this paper performs the modeling of voltage compensation device for PV module using PSCAD/EMTDC and implements a 2kW scaled test device for voltage compensation device, accordingly. From the evaluation results of operation characteristics of voltage compensation device based on the modeling and implemented test device, it is confirmed that the proposed voltage compensation device is a useful tool for improving operation efficiency of PV systems since the input power of PV inverter can be kept within the proper operation range by compensating the decreased voltage of PV modules using series-connected Li-ion batteries when partial shades are occurred.

Reliability evaluation of an aggregate power conversion unit in the off-grid PV-battery-based DC microgrid from local energy communities under dynamic and transient operation

In a rural/local energy community (LEC), a PV-battery-based DC microgrid (MG) normally operates at the off-grid/islanded mode. At this off-grid operation mode, the reliability of power converters in both the PV system and the battery energy storage system (BESS) could be reduced by dynamic operation scenarios of the DC microgrid which are frequently repeated, such as the intermittency of PV-system output power, the random fluctuation of load power. Indeed, the dynamic operation of the PV-generating system and the load system in the off-grid DC microgrid could lead to a certain decrease in the reliability of DC–DC bidirectional converters of the BESS, boost converters of the PV system, and buck converters for low-voltage DC loads because of withstanding different power flows to provide a source-load power balance in the DC microgrid. Moreover, transient operation scenarios of the off-grid DC microgrid can significantly impact the reliability of the mentioned power converters. To make the above assumptions more clear, reliability analysis of an aggregate power conversion unit (APCU) in the off-grid PV-battery-based DC microgrid under dynamic and transient operation in the local energy community is presented in this paper. The APCU contains the boost converter of the PV system, the bidirectional converter of the BESS, and the buck converter of the low-voltage DC load system. The main objective of the paper is to shed light on calculations of the dynamic-voltage-dependent failure rate (DVDFR) and fault-current-dependent failure rate (FCDFR) of the APCU from dynamic and transient operation conditions respectively in the off-grid LVDC microgrid. Then, a novel combination of the useful-time-dependent failure rate (UTDFR), the DVDFR, and the FCDFR is proposed to evaluate the system-level and component-level reliability of the APCU in the off-grid DC microgrid. Markov-state transition diagrams are applied for the APCU’s reliability assessment. Experimental results show that the reliability of the bidirectional power converter is more affected by the dynamic and transient operation than that of the boost or buck converters in the APCU. In addition, the DVDFR of the APCU is almost smaller than its FCDFR, but the system-level reliability of the APCU could be significantly reduced by dynamic cases in the islanded DC microgrid. Last but not least, the MTTF and MTBF of the APCU could be dramatically decreased by the dynamic and transient operation of the DC microgrid.

Non-Symmetrical (NS) Reconfiguration Techniques to Enhance Power Generation Capability of Solar PV System

At present, primary power generation depends on non-renewable energy resources, which will become extinct. Solar is the best option in renewable energy sources to achieve clean and green power extraction. Solar PV transforms light energy into electrical energy. However, the output power of solar PV changes with solar insolation. It is also affected by environmental factors and the shading effect. One of the key factors that can reduce the PV system output power is partial shading condition (PSC). The reduction in power output not only depends on shaded region but also depends on pattern of shading and physical position of shaded modules in the array. Due to PSCs, mismatch losses are induced between the shaded modules which can cause several peaks in the output power-voltage (P-V) characteristic. This article describes the non-symmetrical reconfiguration technique and compares it with the primary total cross tied connection. The performance of non-symmetrical reconfiguration techniques is evaluated and compared in terms of global maximum power (GMP), voltage and currents at GMP, open and short circuit voltage and currents, mismatch power loss (MPL), fill factor, efficiency, and number of local maximum power peaks (LMPPs) on a 9 × 9 PV array.

Maximum power point tracking in a solar PV system: Current trends towards nature‐inspired optimization techniques

This paper discusses and analyses the work done in developing a Nature-inspired optimization algorithm in a solar PV system for tracking the global maximum power point (GMPP) in partial shaded condition (PSC). Partial shading is a situation where PV panels connected in series do not receive the same solar radiation, thus exhibiting different I-V characteristics for the individual panel. Under PSC, solar PV system output exhibits multiple local maximum power point (MPP) and a unique global MPP on the Power-Voltage curve. Conventional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques such as Perturb and Observe (P&O), incremental conductance (IC), and Hill Climbing (HC) method can only track MPP under uniform insolation conditions. It may fail to track GMPP in case of PSC and get trapped in local MPP, thereby causing loss of power that could have been tapped if the operation would have been at GMPP. To overcome the problem posed by PSC, researchers are applying the nature-inspired optimization algorithm for tracking GMPP under partial shading conditions with fairly good results. Nature-inspired optimization algorithm offers the advantage of solving multivariable nonlinear objective functions with constraints by exploiting the search space and can converge quickly to GMPP. Some of the most recent and famous nature-inspired algorithms have been discussed and compared here. Simulation and hardware results of some of them are also taken in order to compare them effectively. Simulation results show that the Most Valuable Player Algorithm (MVPA) takes the least time to track the MPP in all the cases, and the MPP tracked is also comparable to the maximum while PSO with differentially perturbed velocity (PSO_DV) takes the maximum time to track the MPP in all cases.