Outer Ring Road Research Articles

Towards Resilient Communities: Evaluating the Nonlinear Impact of the Built Environment on COVID-19 Transmission Risk in Residential Areas

Reflections on urban epidemics often drive improvements in the resilience of the built environment. However, the assessment regarding the nonlinear influence of the community environment on the spread of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is inadequate. This study analyzed the influential mechanism of built environment factors on the epidemic risk in residential areas, using Shanghai as a case study. During the lockdown in April 2022, Shanghai reported daily data on COVID-19 outbreaks in residential areas, amounting to a total of 90,323 entries. Based on a GIS-based grid analysis approach, we employed a Random Forest (RF) model and a Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) model to investigate the marginal effects and spatial heterogeneity of environmental factors on the mean count of COVID-19 outbreak days (MC) in residential areas within each grid zone. The results show that the value of MC forms a ring-mountain distribution surrounding the city's outer ring road. The RF model (R² = 0.57) demonstrates that the house price, population density, family number, and the standard deviation of building height (BH_SD) significantly correlated with MC, with the relative importance of 25%, 13%, 11%, and 6%, respectively. The MGWR model (R² = 0.63) highlights the spatial heterogeneity of family number, house age, house price, property fee, and delivery density. We also found that property fee and green rate were negatively correlated with the MC. These findings help improve responses to public health emergencies and create more resilient communities to cope with pandemics.

LANDFILL STABILITY ANALYSIS USING CORRUGATED CONCRETE SHEET PILE (CCSP) WITH PLAXIS 2D V22 SOFTWARE

Landfill in road projects requires a stable condition before it can be continued on further work. The stability factor of the landfill depends on the bearing capacity of the subgrade, the shear strength of the soil, the planned elevation, and the angle of inclination of the landfill. This research is located on one side of the Jagorawi Toll road and the Bogor Outer Ring Road, near the South Sentul Toll exit gate. The results of the soil investigation obtained a clay type soil classification at a depth of 0 – 13 m (N-SPT value 3-5). Initial analysis shows the need for landfill height, varies along the road (ranging 4.9 m - 2.4 m). The purpose of this research is to compare the stability of the landfill in the following 2 conditions, 1st condition from STA 1+789 – STA 1+850 (4.9 m height of landfill) using Corrugated Concrete Sheet Pile (CCSP) reinforcement on the left and right of the road side with a 2 m deep geotextile layer, and 2nd condition from STA 1+850 – STA 1 +950 (2.4 m height of landfill) does not use any reinforce. The research approach uses quantitative descriptive, research data including other soil classifications, bor logs, N-SPT values, soil properties from samples (C, Ø, γ, etc.) taken from the site. Apart from that, data on the geotextile and CCSP parameters that will be used is also needed. Analysis was carried out using the Finite Element approach and Plaxis 2D V22 software. The results show that in 1st condition, the safety factor value is 3.7, where the reinforcement system provided is able to withstand 3.7x the working load (vehicles and active soil). Meanwhile, on the 2nd condition produces a safety factor value of 5.2. The analysis results show that these 2 areas have a safety factor that exceeds the existing literature requirements, namely 1.5.

Spatial-temporal distribution and emission of urban scale air pollutants in Hefei based on Mobile-DOAS

As a significant city in the Yangtze River Delta regions, Hefei has experienced rapid changes in the sources of air pollution due to its high-speed economic development and urban expansion. However, there has been limited research in recent years on the spatial-temporal distribution and emission of its atmospheric pollutants. To address this, this study conducted mobile observations of urban roads using the Mobile-DOAS instrument from June 2021 to May 2022. The monitoring results exhibit a favourable consistent with TROPOMI satellite data and ground monitoring station data. Temporally, there were pronounced seasonal variations in air pollutants. Spatially, high concentration of HCHO and NO2 were closely associated with traffic congestion on roadways, while heightened SO2 levels were attributed to winter heating and industrial emissions. The study also revealed that with the implementation of road policies, the average vehicle speed increased by 95.4%, while the NO concentration decreased by 54.4%. In the estimation of urban NOx emission flux, it was observed that in temporal terms, compared with inventory data, the emissions calculated via mobile measurements exhibited more distinct seasonal patterns, with the highest emission rate of 349 g/sec in winter and the lowest of 142 g/sec in summer. In spatial terms, the significant difference in emissions between the inner and outer ring roads also suggests the presence of the city's primary NOx emission sources in the area between these two rings. This study offers data support for formulating the next phase of air pollution control measures in urban areas.

Kinerja Jalan Tingang Kota Palangka Raya dengan Metode Pedoman Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia 2014

Population growth is usually accompanied by an increase in the activities of all communities in an area. Community activities require facilities and infrastructure to support the activities carried out. Transportation is an important activity for the community. Therefore, the existence of a private car is a necessity. Congestion often occurs during peak hours and some of the main roads in Palangka Raya City, such as Tingang Road, experience a significant increase in car traffic. Tingang Road is an important road for the local community because it is an access to residential areas, schools, sub-districts and an alternative road out of the city via Mahir Mahar Road or the outer ring road. The purpose of this study is to analyze and evaluate road performance. This research uses a direct survey method carried out to the field in order to obtain precise information about a condition. After primary and secondary data collection is collected, analysis is carried out using PKJI 2014. Thus, based on the results of the analysis, the performance of the road can be known. The traffic volume is 546.85 skr / hour which occurs during the day, 11:45 to 12:45 WIB. The current capacity is 1667.98 skr/hr. Meanwhile, the degree of saturation is calculated at 0.327, which indicates level of service B, which indicates a good level of road service.

Evaluating the Equity of Urban Streetscapes in Promoting Human Health—Taking Shanghai Inner City as an Example

Environmental justice research largely focuses on the allocation of public resources in terms of quantified distribution and accessibility. This study suggests that the quality of landscape equity, an important urban resource, should be evaluated as it typically appears as a combination of elements. This brings another perspective to the attention of landscape equity in addition to the provision equity: the equity in the quality and level of provision. From this perspective, this study explores the equitable role of streetscape qualities in promoting human physical, mental, and social health. Using street view images, questionnaires, artificial intelligence-based image analysis, geographic information system-based cluster analysis, and correlational analysis, the spatial distribution of health promotion streetscapes and health-influential streetscape elements were presented and compared within the scope of the Shanghai Outer Ring Road. The results disclosed an uneven distribution of streetscapes that can promote human health within research sites. Streets with poor health ratings are concentrated in the Huangpu, Hongkou, and Yangpu districts, primarily in the western part of Shanghai around Shanghai Railway Station, People’s Square, and Yuyuan Garden, where the old city centre is located. Compared with the distribution of health-influential elements, less healthy streets are more likely to be accompanied by low visibility of ‘vegetation’ and a high proportion of ‘buildings’. Streetscape design implications were then discussed in terms of providing people with equal health opportunities. Research outcomes inspired an essential quality perspective in health equity research, and it can be especially helpful when the provision and accessibility can hardly be moderated in high-density cities.

Analysis Of Non-Cash Payment Control Systems On Revenue At PT Marga Sarana Jabar

PT Marga Sarana is companies operating in the field service that is as administration and service service road toll. In giving service to users road effective and efficient toll road for customers feel comfortable as well as make it easier accessibility road toll, then required system payment in a way non-cash ( e -tool). System Many non- cash payments profitable and giving convenience to user her, especially For company in do A activity business his shaped non- cash payment, will more A little risk its implementation compared to with system payment cash. System systemized non - cash payments with Good will produce A effective income and expenses efficient operation. Because of that, company must need A internal control, especially on revenue company. Research purposes This For know system non- cash payment to control income. Writer do research at PT. Marga Sarana Jabar which is located at Plaza Sentul, Jl. Bogor Outer Ring Road, Cadas Ngampar, West Bogor. In running study This researcher do approach descriptive qualitative. Result of study this, that system control non- cash payment Already done with Good so that increase quality revenue and efficiency to burden operation company although Still must There is repair.
 
 Keywords: Non-Cash, Internal Control System, Revenue

ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION AFFECTS BUSINESS PERFORMANCE: A PERSPECTIVE FROM WOODCRAFTS MSMES IN JAKARTA

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of risk-taking, proactiveness, innovation, competitive aggressiveness, and Autonomy on the performance of woodcraft MSMEs. The population in this study are entrepreneurs who run MSMEs in woodcraft sector. The sample used in this study were 52 MSMEs entrepreneurs in the woodcraft center at the Outer Ring Road of Jakarta W1 (West Jakarta) and Pahlawan Revolusi Street (East Jakarta). The type of sampling technique used was judgmental sampling. Data collection was done using a questionnaire distributed to entrepreneurs who were willing to become respondents then the data obtained will be processed using SmartPLS 3.0 software. The results of this study point out that risk-taking, proactiveness, and Autonomy have a positive effect on the performance of MSMEs in the woodcraft center on the Outer Ring Road of Jakarta W1 (West Jakarta) and Pahlawan Revolusi Street (East Jakarta), while for innovation and competitive aggressiveness there was no influence on the performance of MSMEs in the woodcraft center on the Outer Ring Road of Jakarta W1 (West Jakarta) and Pahlawan Revolusi Street (East Jakarta).

ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION AFFECTS BUSINESS PERFORMANCE: A PERSPECTIVE FROM WOODCRAFTS MSMES IN JAKARTA

ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION AFFECTS BUSINESS PERFORMANCE: A PERSPECTIVE FROM WOODCRAFTS MSMES IN JAKARTA

Shophouses Façade Typology on Corridor of Gagak Hitam and A.H. Nasution Street

The façade as a representative element of an architectural work can be an indicator of environmental character apart from socio-cultural, spiritual, and economic conditions at a certain time. The emergence of new buildings in the city of Medan is facing a rapidly changing face of the city, accompanied by the increasing need for space utilization and variations in building façade designs, where this phenomenon occurs in outer ring roads. Gagak Hitam and A.H. Nasution street, as the outer ring road of the city of Medan, is growing rapidly with various types of functions with the dominance of modern shophouses, which produce a façade typology that can be grouped and looked for differences according to certain indicators in the existing theory review. This study aimed to find a typology of shophouse façades in the corridor of Gagak Hitam and A.H. Nasution street, which became their character. The researcher collected data from literature sources, observed the research area, and redrawn the two-dimensional façade model to identify, in general, the elements and composition of the façade of the research object. According to the findings, there is no special type that becomes the standard for the character of the shophouses in the two road corridors.

Drainage Analysis of the West Outer Ring Road Surabaya

The development of West Outer Ring Road, abbreviated as JLLB, to improve the quality of infrastructure in the City of Surabaya. A breakthrough is needed by opening a new existing road section to break down traffic jams that lead to the main corridor section of the central city. The JLLB area, originally a green open area, was converted into a road area. This condition will cause changes in the sum of rainwater runoff that occur. The JLLB also intersects with the railroad tracks. A drainage system plan to ensure no puddles on the road, even through the railroad tracks. The method of this study follows hydrological and hydraulics analysis of the drainage systems. The results of drainage analysis on West Outer Ring Road, abbreviated as JLLB, there are several typical canal dimensions needed. All velocities can be controlled in the range of permissible velocity. The minimum velocity is 0,4 m/sec, and the maximum is 0,873 m/sec. The maximum planned discharge is 1,381 m3/sec. The capacity of boezem is planned to suit 5,104 hr of rain duration. Based on all that results, the drainage analysis of JLLB would be great if implemented according to plan.

A new portable open-path instrument for ambient NH3 and on-road emission measurements

Increased attentions to vehicle emission of NH3 have been paid since it is generally regarded as an important source in urban areas. Here, we developed a movable instrument based on Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) principle for detecting on-road NH3, which can avoid the losses in the sampling process attributed to the non-sampling methods. For this mobile DOAS, the temporal resolution, detection limit and relative error for NH3 were 1 min, 2.29 ppbv and 4.57% ± 2.44%, respectively. By employed to the on-road measurements along the arterial highway in Shanghai, the spatial distributions of NH3 and NO were obtained, and their dependence of traffic and road conditions were studied. The slopes of linear regression between NH3 and NO were 0.40, 0.02 and 0.07 on the Middle Ring Road, Outer Ring Road and Chongming Island Ring Road. It indicates that light gasoline vehicles (LGVs) were found to be the main contributor to NH3 emissions, while heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDVs) mainly emitted NO. Based on the measured NH3 in the tunnel, the mileage-based NH3 emission factor per vehicle was estimated to be 17.9 ± 6.3 mg/km. The reported open-path instrument can be broadly used in on-road pollutant monitoring or vehicle emissions, and the measurements can reveal the real situation of emission characteristics, even find the abnormal operations of vehicle catalyst system.

Dampak Sosial Ekonomi Pembangunan Gorontalo Outer Ring Road bagi Petani di Desa Talulobutu Selatan

Development of road infrastructure is one of the priorities of the Indonesian government to accelerate the recovery of Indonesia's economic conditions after the economic crisis that took place during the New Order government. This study aims to explore and analyze data and facts that will show various local social and economic issues in the farming community in the GORR construction site. This study uses a qualitative method. The results of this study indicate that In Gorontalo, the Gorontalo Outer Ring Road (GORR) road infrastructure development project is one of the government's strategies to improve the welfare of the people of Gorontalo. The construction of the ring road is intended to reduce traffic congestion (congestion), speed up the distribution of goods and people from the port to Djalaluddin Airport. However, in reality, the project also had an unfavorable impact on the farming community around the road infrastructure development area. This reality is the background for writing this scientific paper with the formulation of the problem of how the socio-economic impact of the construction of the Gorontalo Outer Ring Road (GORR) has been for farming communities in Talulobuto Selatan Village, Tapa District, Bone Bolango Regency which is the location for the GORR construction.

Evaluation of Performance of Pavement Founded on the Reinforced Earth Sections along Outer Ring Road, Nairobi

There are no existing local design manuals and construction guidelines for reinforced earth structures in Kenya. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of the pavement found on reinforced earth sections along Outer Ring Road. The structural evaluation was determined from deflection measurements using Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD), while the functional evaluation was by visual condition survey, roughness, and rut depth measurements. Classified traffic counts and axle load surveys were undertaken. It was established that the design traffic would be exceeded in year 10 after opening the road. The surface condition survey indicated that the pavement surface for the entire road was generally in good condition. The roughness rating for the entire road was rated "Good", while ten sections of reinforced earth embankment were rated "Fair". The characteristic rut depths on the reinforced earth sections were higher than the lane characteristic rut depth for the entire road. Three sections of the reinforced earth showed low severity, while the rest had no rutting. The PCI for the pavement on reinforced earth sections were lower than pavement on other sections of the road due to a higher International Roughness Index (IRI). The FWD deflections were higher on reinforced earth sections. It was found that the mean pavement moduli for surfacing and base, crack relief and subbase layers at reinforced earth sections were lower than for the pavement in other sections hence requiring thicker overlays. The overall residual life of the road was 17 years, while for the reinforced earth sections was 15 years. Based on the findings, monitoring of the traffic and performance of pavement on the reinforced earth embankments is vital for interventions to prevent premature pavement failure. There is a necessity to develop a design manual and construction guidelines for reinforced earth structures based on the local conditions in Kenya.

Community Service Activity Program through Economic Digitalization for Salted Egg Entrepreneurs in Kampung Bebek Candi Sidoarjo

The potential of the Kebonsari creative tourism area is very prospective, namely the use of local characteristics, namely the potential for laying duck farming in Kebonsari Village, Candi District, Sidoarjo Regency, has decreased. 67,500 eggs per day reduced to 27 farmers. From 2016 to 2021 the average productivity is 700 eggs per day. This decrease was triggered by changes in land use from rice fields to settlements and the construction of the outer ring road of Sidoarjo east. The purpose of the Community Service program in Duck Village, Candi Sidoarjo is the development of village entrepreneurs for duck and salted egg farming based on cooperatives and digital markets. For entrepreneurial intervention activities, the Development of Cooperative-Based Duck and Salted Egg Livestock Entrepreneurs and Digital Markets in Duck Village, Candi Sidoarjo, is divided into several activities as follows: 1) Growing joint business patterns in the village through cooperative institutions.. 2) Pioneering market access for village businesses wider. 3) Market access is sought to be able to pioneer services for the needs of local communities, neighboring villages, sub-district markets, districts and supply certain special needs such as factories. 4) Pioneering digital market and live market. The digital market is a pattern according to technological developments that is important for business actors to access. Business development will be greatly helped by the digital market network. Digital market pioneering is a must to seize a very open market niche. The results of the Community Service program that have been achieved include 1, business legality for MSEs that do not yet have a business license 2. E-commerce for salted egg MSEs 3. Rebranding with product packaging 4. Articles in international journals.

A Holistic Approach to Address Road Safety Issues; A Case Study of Outer Ring Road in Nairobi Kenya

A Holistic Approach to Address Road Safety Issues; A Case Study of Outer Ring Road in Nairobi Kenya

Simulation of Land Use/Land Cover Dynamics Using Google Earth Data and QGIS: A Case Study on Outer Ring Road, Southern India

The land use and land cover change dynamics is in par with the increasing growth of urban developments and associated sprawl. The objective of the study is to quantify such land cover changes caused due to the urban expansion along the outer ring road using Remote Sensing and GIS. The land cover maps are created for four segments namely Chikkarayapuram, Nazarathpettai, Meppur, and Perungalathur for the years of 2009, 2012, and 2016, respectively. The land cover maps are analyzed for changes among seven classes, namely agriculture, barren land, residential units, industry, water body, other vegetation, and marshland (swamp). Further, the land cover maps of the four segments are analyzed for changes in terms of spatiotemporal aspects (area-based land cover change), environmental aspects (green cover change), and economical factors. The urban growth of the Chikkarayapuram, Nazarathpettai, Meppur, and Perungalathur segment along the outer ring road corridor in the years 2009, 2012, and 2016 are (5.16%, 20.10%, 7.14%, and 12.63%), (14.31%, 30.62%, 13.9%, and 22.18%), and (19.67%, 33.1%, 23.22%, and 40.27%), respectively. The urban areas have increased from 2009 to 2016 by 20, 76,530 sq. m. The agriculture regions have been reduced from 2009 to 2016 by 12, 62,700 sq. m. Besides, using the MOLUSCE plugin in open-source GIS (QGIS), simulated maps for the year 2022 were created based on the land cover maps of the three years (2009, 2012, and 2016) which are then validated with the ground-truth points obtained from Google Earth. The scope of the study utilization of Google Earth Engine (GEE) and automated feature extraction algorithms for predictive analysis.

The Padma Multipurpose Bridge: A Link towards a Prosperous Future through Connectivity and Mobility

This study describes the impact of the Padma Multipurpose Bridge in creating regional connectivity and mobility in traffic movement, thus contributing to the socioeconomic development of Bangladesh. It finds that the travel time between the Dhaka division and the southwestern region will be saved by about two hours for cars and buses and by over 10 hours for trucks due to new connectivity through the bridge. It will reduce the distance from Mongla Port to Dhaka by more than 100 km to 170 km and save a lot of working hours, which will further accelerate the growth of the country’s economy. Additionally, a total of 212.05 km of the new railway line is being constructed for the Padma Multipurpose Bridge, which will connect Dhaka with the country’s largest land port, Jessore. After the Padma Bridge Rail Link project is done, the travel time from Dhaka to Kolkata via Jessore will be cut in half, and it will take only 3 to 4 hours. Moreover, the bridge will also pave the way for putting in place a new route for the Trans-Asian Railway network. The Padma Multipurpose Bridge is estimated to boost the country’s annual GDP by 1.23 percent and the southwestern region’s GDP by 2.5 percent. Moreover, the Padma Multipurpose Bridge will reduce the poverty rate by 1.01 percent at the regional level and by 0.84 percent at the national level. This study finds that to take full advantage of the newly constructed bridge, the southern part of the outer ring road of Dhaka proposed in RSTP should be completed soon. Padma Multipurpose Bridge will work as a key component of Asian Highway-1, boosting economic growth in Asia and improving the country's standing on the continent.

Mass wasting mechanism of gorontalo outer ring road (gorr) in padengo, gorontalo

One of the things that triggered the unrealized government project, namely Gorontalo Outer Ring Road or GORR, is the number of landslide points scattered along the GORR road section, as is the case in the area around GORR, namely Padengo area. This research aims to determine the mechanism of mass wasting in the Padengo area. The method used is the field survey. Data taken in the form of lithology data, geological structure and geomorphology. Field data is then analyzed to determine the mechanism of mass wasting at the research area. The results showed that the lithology of the study area was composed of reef limestone and alluvial. Reef limestone has a yellowish white color, has a massive structure, contains fossils that are exposed to molluscs and corals and is easily dissolved. The geomorphology of the study area is composed of solusional hilly units and lake plain units. In the research area, there are many extension fractures. Based on the lithological, geological structure and geomorphological, it can be concluded that the potential for mass wasting that can occur in the Padengo area is very large. It was known that the main controller for mass wasting is the fractures and the lithology characters in the research area. The type and mechanism of landslides that generally occur in Padengo Village are the Debris Slide type.

PERENCANAAN TEBAL PERKERASAN KAKU (RIGID PAVEMENT) DENGAN METODE BINA MARGA (STUDI KASUS PENINGKATAN JALAN DURIAN RAYA KOTA SEMARANG)

Semarang in the development of the next 20-50 years will experience many impacts of delays in traffic movement in it. To overcome the various impacts that arise, the development of a road network is an important option. The alternative choice of road network development solutions must be selective in choosing the location. One of the strategic choices at this time is the Outer Ring Road (outer ring road) Semarang. The Outer Ring Road is expected to divert the continuous flow not through the center of Semarang City, thereby reducing the possibility of delays in the center of Semarang City. This alternative is also expected to develop the Semarang City area. This alternative solution is expected to support the development of Semarang City into a Metropolitan City with smooth traffic movement. The development of Semarang City in the next 20-50 years is expected to be more friendly and provide a sense of security and comfort to its residents as expected in the vision of the City of Semarang (Nugroho, 2009). Physical facilities and infrastructure (infrastructure) in an area are very important and vital for the running of the economic wheels of the local community, the accumulation of increasing people's living standards will be driven automatically by the good or bad conditions and conditions of the existing facilities and infrastructure. One of these infrastructure facilities which quite main is the road. With good road infrastructure, it is easier to access from one place to another, so that economic growth in the area will be faster. Where on Jl. Durian Banyumanik Semarang city is an access road for entry and exit from the Banyumanik toll gate to the southern part of the city of Semarang, to be precise towards Jl. Setia Budi, Jalan Durian Banyumanik, is planned by the City Government to later become one of the supporting roads for the Semarang Outer Ring Road (SORR).Keywords: Semarang, SORR, facilities, infrastructure

Upper Structure of Precast Concretes Comparison: PC-I and PC-U in West Outer Ring Road, Surabaya

Increasing of motorcycle numbers in big cities in Indonesia, especially in Surabaya. The traffic becomes crowded and road capacity is exceeded. Because of the increasing of motorcycle volume, especially in western part of Surabaya, the government built a flyover in west outer ring road to provide solution to congestion in Surabaya. This study aimed to determine the comparation between PC-I girder and PC-U girder used. In west outer ring road, the method was used to calculate prestressed beam was fully prestressed. The researcher reviewed the prestressed beam from behavior, reaction, and impact to the all of bridge structures from structure. The Software SAP 2000 V.14.2.5 is used to structure calculation analysis. According to analysis result, the calculation has been carried out, the difference ratio of the bridge floor slabs was studied. Flyover model with PC-U prestressed beam had smaller ratio than PC-I. The comparison of strand used in PC-U beams was more than PC-I with 42.22%. The maximum moment value was occurred in PC-I girder beam was 1541.979 Tons.meter and PC-U girder was 2252.599 Tons.meter. The strand requirements and cross area section was comparised too.