Outer Garments Research Articles

기상요인이 의류제품 판매량에 미치는 영향 - F/W 판매데이터(9월~익년 2월)를 근거로 -

The purpose of this study was to investigate meteorological factors` effects on clothing sales based on empirical data from a leading apparel company. The daily sales data were aggregated from “A” company`s store records for the Fall/Winter season from 2012 to 2015. Daily weather data corresponding to sales volume data were collected from the Korea Meteorological Administration. The weekend effect and meteorological factors including temperature, wind, humidity, rainfall, fine dust, sea level pressure, and sunshine hours were selected as independent variables to calculate their effects on A company`s apparel sales volume. The analysis used a SAS program including correlation analysis, t-test, and multiple-regression analysis. The study results were: First, the weekend effect was the most influential factor affecting sales volume, followed by fine dust and temperature. Second, there were significant differences in the independent variables`effects on sales volume according to the garments` classification. Third, temperature significantly affected outer garments`sales volume, while top garments` sales volume was not influenced significantly. Fourth, humidity, sea level pressure and sunshine affected sales volume partly according to the garments` item. This study can provide proof of significant relationships between meteorological factors and the sales volume of garments, which will serve well to establish better inventory strategies.

Extreme Weather Conditions: Military Medicine Responds to a Korean War Winter.

Figures 1 and 2 illustrate the M-1951 Cold-Wet Uniform (extreme cold), from base layers through outer garments. This cold-weather gear replaced the World War II era M-1943 to become standard issue for American soldiers during the Korean War. The Cold-Wet Uniform could be supplemented with a heavy parka, a component of the Cold-Dry Uniform. The parka could replace the field jacket, or be worn on top of it. The Army Medical Department had good reason for documenting the new uniform and publicizing its development through photographs like the two featured here. In the fall of 1950, American soldiers and their commanding officers were unprepared for their first Korean winter, when temperatures could plunge to more than 30 degrees below zero and arctic winds from Siberia yielded deadly consequences. A Life magazine article from February 1951 reported that more than 5,000 U.S. troops in Korea suffered from frostbite that first winter. For some, evacuation and medical care was timely, but others lost feet and hands, as well as fingers and toes. Army surgeons realized that many frostbite diagnoses during World War II had, in fact, been trench foot and that their treatment programs were not designed to manage the dangers of a truly severe winter. Without proper prevention and treatment, soldiers fell prey to frostbite in catastrophic numbers, leaving their units less effective in the field. The Medical Corps responded swiftly to the need. New treatment regimens were developed for troops in the field and severe cases were transferred to Percy Jones Army Hospital in Battle Creek, Michigan, where doctors worked to save gangrenous limbs that would have almost certainly been amputated during the last war. But medical care was only one part of the solution. The Quartermaster Corps also designed uniforms to protect soldiers from extreme cold while allowing them to perform their duties as much as possible. This included layers of head coverings, protection for the hands, and the “Mickey Mouse” boots designed to withstand extreme cold. Today, this work is continued by organizations such as the U.S. Army Institute of Environmental Medicine in Natick, Massachusetts, where experts focus their research on the health and performance of the warfighter in extreme conditions. Their most recent publications note that frostbite still accounts for the largest number of cold injuries per year; however, their guidance on countermeasures and risk assessment far exceed the resources available in fall 1950. The early research and development initiated during the Korean War reflects the continued missions of military medical research assets to provide their soldiers and civilians with the necessary equipment to carry out missions in all climates and conditions, all over the world.

Evaluation of gunshot residue (GSR) evidence: Surveys of prevalence of GSR on clothing and frequency of residue types

The evaluative approach is a logical approach to interpreting scientific findings in criminal cases, applying knowledge regarding the transfer, persistence and recovery of particulate material. The application of this approach to interpreting the finding of gunshot residue on the clothing of a suspect requires knowledge of background levels of GSR on clothing and on the frequency of different residue types in a particular environment. The cuffs of 100 upper outer garments submitted to a forensic laboratory in connection with non-firearms offences were sampled for gunshot residue. No 3-component lead/antimony/barium particles were found on 98 of them. Two 3-component particles were found on one of them and one 3-component particle was found on another. The frequency of occurrence of various particle types regarded as consistent with GSR was also explored. The findings show that, while 3-component particles were somewhat more likely to be encountered by chance on clothing than on hands, they are still relatively uncommon events. To investigate the frequency of occurrence of particular residue types, 100 discharged rounds of ammunition recovered at crime scenes were sampled and the types of residue present were determined. The results show that some residue types are significantly more common than others. Both sets of data will be of value in evaluating the significance of finding GSR on clothing of suspects in criminal cases.

ΝΗΣΑΙ IN SOPHOCLES, FR. 439 R.

πέπλους τε νῆσαι λινογενεῖς τ’ ἐπενδύταςτε νῆσαιCanter: τε νίσαιPoll.A: τάνυσαιPoll.FSnêsaimantles and outer garments born of flaxGreek has three verbs νέω: (A) ‘swim’, (B) ‘spin’ and (C) ‘heap up, pile’. The aorist infinitive of both (B) and (C) is νῆσαι. LSJ (followed by Ellendt) takes Sophocles, fr. 439 R. (fromNausicaa or Washing-women) to be an instance of νέω (B). Pearson comments: ‘νῆσαι is loosely used for ὑϕαίνειν. The process of spinning, being preparatory to that of weaving, was apt to be regarded as part of the same operation rather than as a distinct art … Soph. probably had in mind η 96 πέπλοι | λεπτοὶ ἐΰννητοι βεβλήατο, ἔργα γυναικῶν’ (cloth spread on the seats in the banqueting hall of the Phaeacian king Alcinous). Lloyd-Jones accordingly translates the fragment ‘to weave robes and tunics made of linen’.

Contamination of Bacteria and Associated Factors among Food Handlers Working in the Student Cafeterias of Jimma University Main Campus, Jimma, South West Ethiopia

Background: Food borne diseases continue to be a major global health problem and are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Food handlers play a major role in the transmission of food borne pathogens via hands. This study aimed to assess the bacterial hand contamination and associated factors among food handlers working in the student cafeterias of Jimma University main campus. Methods and materials: A cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2012 to April 2013 among food handlers working in the student cafeterias of Jimma University main campus. The data was collected by using structured questionnaire and observational checklist. Hand rinse samples was collected from participants and microbiologically examined for the presence of potential food borne bacterial contaminants using standard laboratory methods. The data was entered into a computer and analyzed using SPSS version-16.0 software. Result: Among 230 food handlers, 114(49.6%) were tested positive for one or more potential food borne bacterial contaminants, and 73(31.7%) were tested positive for enteric pathogens. A total of 171 bacterial hand contaminants were isolated. S. aureus 54(23.5%), Klebsiella spp. 37(16.1%), E. coli 25 (10.9%), Enterobacter spp. 21(9.1%), Citrobacter spp. 10(4.3%), Serratia marcescens 6 (2.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 8(3.5%), Proteus spp. 5(2.2%), Providencia rettegri 3(1.3%), and salmonella spp. 2(0.9%) were isolated with their corresponding prevalence rate. Bacterial hand contamination rate have significant association with service years (Chi-square=13.732, DF=4, P=0.008), age (χ2=11.308, P=0.010) and cleanness of outer garments (χ2=7.653, P=0.006). Conclusion: The findings of this study emphasized the importance of food handlers’ hands as a potential vector for potential food borne bacterial contaminants which could constitute a potential risk to food borne outbreaks. New employees and young and inexperienced food handlers should be well trained on personal hygienic practices pointing out on the importance of hand hygiene and appropriate hand washing techniques.

Assessment of Bacterial Hand Contamination and Associated Factors among Food Handlers Working in the Student Cafeterias of Jimma Main Campus, Jimma, South West Ethiopia

Background: Food borne diseases continue to be a major global health problem and are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Food handlers play a major role in the transmission of food borne pathogens via hands. This study aimed to assess the bacterial hand contamination and associated factors among food handlers working in the student cafeterias of Jimma University main campus. Methods and materials: A cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2012 to April 2013 among food handlers working in the student cafeterias of Jimma University main campus. The data was collected by using structured questionnaire and observational checklist. Hand rinse samples was collected from participants and microbiologically examined for the presence of potential food borne bacterial contaminants using standard laboratory methods. The data was entered into a computer and analyzed using SPSS version-16.0 software. Result: Among 230 food handlers, 114(49.6%) were tested positive for one or more potential food borne bacterial contaminants, and 73(31.7%) were tested positive for enteric pathogens. A total of 171 bacterial hand contaminants were isolated. S. aureus 54(23.5%), Klebsiella spp. 37(16.1%), E. coli 25(10.9%), Enterobacter spp. 21(9.1%), Citrobacter spp. 10(4.3%), Serratia marcescens 6(2.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 8(3.5%), Proteus spp. 5(2.2%), Providencia rettegri 3(1.3), and salmonella spp. 2(0.9%) were isolated with their corresponding prevalence rate. Bacterial hand contamination rate have significant association with service years (Chi-square=13.732, DF=4, P=0.008), age (χ2=11.308, P=0.010) and cleanness of outer garments (χ2=7.653, P=0.006). Conclusion: The findings of this study emphasized the importance of food handlers’ hands as a potential vector for potential food borne bacterial contaminants which could constitute a potential risk to food borne outbreaks. New employees and young and inexperienced food handlers should be well trained on personal hygienic practices pointing out on the importance of hand hygiene and appropriate hand washing techniques.

Mimicry and modernity in the Middle East: fashion invisibility and young women of the Arab Gulf

Prior consumer research has addressed the encounter between global brands and styles versus local cultures through the concepts of glocal hybridity, post-assimilationist resistance, and the de-stigmatization of local practices in the face of competition from global consumer culture. Based on fieldwork with college women in the Arab Gulf states we detect two other practices involving highly conspicuous consumption that act to create a space for identity that lies between Western modernity and Islamic conservatism. The first is layering in which outer garments act as a “cloak of invisibility” for luxurious Western wear beneath. The second is “mimetic excess” that responds to envy of Western consumption, provokes local envy, and participates in “modern” consumption at the same time that it encompasses these practices within a covering of religious and national virtue. The key contribution of this study consists of identifying these new strategies of reconciling two opposing hegemonic fashion discourses to which privileged Muslim minorities in their own wealthy countries are subjected.

Microbiological Quality and Risk Factors Related to Sandwiches Served in Bakeries, Cafés, and Sandwich Bars in South Korea

The objective of this study was to investigate the microbiological quality of sandwiches produced on site and served in bakeries, cafés, and sandwich bars in South Korea and to determine the major risk factors affecting the sanitation level in each store (n = 1,120). The microbiological quality of the sandwiches was analyzed, and the sanitation level of each store was evaluated as satisfactory or unsatisfactory based on sanitation guidelines. Total coliforms were detected in 906 samples (80.9%), but only 3 samples (0.3%) contained confirmed Escherichia coli contamination. The detection rate was highest for Bacillus cereus (10.0%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (1.3%) and Salmonella (0.2%). Vibrio parahaemolyticus was not detected in any samples. The microbial contamination level was significantly lower in winter (P < 0.05) and in stores with a higher sanitation grade. Factors related to the microbiological quality of sandwiches were evaluated as the relative risk (RR) of coliform contamination, and the higher risk factors for sandwich contamination were improper holding temperature (RR = 8.75), cross-contamination (RR = 6.30), lack of proper ventilation systems (RR = 6.16), and the absence of clean and/or suitable outer garments (RR = 5.73). Most factors were related to the failure of food handlers to adhere to sanitation guidelines rather than to unsanitary environments. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between the microbiological quality of sandwiches served on-site and various risk factors. These results will help researchers establish guidelines for the sanitary management of sandwich shops.

Gwarowe nazwy ubiorów w „Słowniku warszawskim”

The article discusses slang lexis related to garment names, documented in Słownik języka polskiego [Dictionary of Polish Language] by Jan Karłowicz, Adam Kryński, and Władysław Niedźwiedzki (vols. I–VIII, Warszawa 1900–1927). Many of the words are unknown to literary Polish of the first decades of the 20th century, and some differ in their pronunciation, structure, or meaning from garment dictionary used in standard Polish. As the research suggests, the slang material documented in the dictionary is not only rich, but also varied in terms of form and meaning. Characteristically, many words are unstable. Słownik warszawski contains particularly many words for outer garments. Unfortunately, the editing layout of entries in the dictionary makes it impossible to localize the origin of each garment name, and consequently to link it to a particular slang. The explanations of words in the dictionary are usually very short, which often not enough to reconstruct the look and purpose of a garment.

조선후기 여성속옷을 응용한 의상디자인 연구

This research analyzes the late Joseon`s variously developed characteristics of women`s underwear and its formative elements, and ultimately aims to apply such characteristics to designing modern outfits. The main purpose of the presented work is to give guidelines on utilizing the fashion legacy in a various way, and inheriting the traditional concept of beauty by developing it into modern fashion designs. The designing and producing of the work is based on the analysis of previous researches, genre paintings, and traditional costumes in museums. Based on this research, the application of traditional underwear design to today`s outfits involves the following points. First, the presented work features the formative outlines of traditional underwear as an inspiration for outer garments. Secondly, various traditional textiles are used such as ramie fabrics, damask silk, silk fabrics, fur, etc. for four seasons and they are turned to practical use for modern outfits. Third, colors of choice are white and low saturation colors to create an elegant and serene atmosphere. Finally, traditional sewing techniques are specifically applied to modern fashion designs. Included are: Nubim technique, Gob-sol technique, and the patching method. This work pursues the design of practical use by tying up clothes with straps and knots to prevent them from falling off.

Ready to Wear 컬렉션에 나타난 Mix &amp; Match 패션 경향 -Alexander McQueen, Jean Paul Gaultier, Comme des Garçons을 중심으로-

This study aims at analyzing the Mix & Match fashion trend expressed in the Ready to Wear collections shown in 27 collections of 3 designers(Alexander McQueen, Jean Paul Gaultier, Comme des Garons) over the past five years from 2007S/S to 2011S/S, and the results are as follows. 1) The characteristics were a combination of past and modern, the past and past prominent fashions combined at a different time, these styles and details were seen in Alexander McQueen's collection. 2) The properties of combination were expressed as a clash of cultures, such as East and West or African and European. 3) The characteristics of the combinations were expressed by differences in purpose, such as outer garments or underwear. 4) Artistic combinations of Mixing & Matching happen through a component confusion of art and garments. 5) The characteristics of Mixing & Matching fashion were expressed in images, especially in the case of Jean Paul Gaultier.

Bespoke Versus Ready-Made: The Work of the Tailor in Eighteenth-Century Britain

By the beginning of the eighteenth century, tailors had, for centuries, made bespoke clothing in wool for men, and outer garments for women. As the century developed, a number of tailors drew on a range of commercial opportunities and strengthening popular consumption to expand their businesses and increase their profits. The most dramatic development saw some tailoring establishments offering ready-made garments alongside bespoke, whilst other large-scale 'wholesale tailors' specialized exclusively in made-up clothing. This paper will briefly explore some of the evidence to suggest that tailors turned to the ready-made market during the eighteenth century.

Effect of Garment Design on Liquid Cooling Garments

In this study, two different types of liquid cooling garments are designed and their cooling effects are comparatively investigated. The tubing lengths and the inner layers of these garments are taken as the same, and the other parameters of the garments differed. In the outer layer of the garments, 10 × 3 rib and single jersey knitted wool fabrics are used. In the inner layer of the fabrics, cotton wound dressings are used. In one garment design, S-shaped sponges are used as the mid layer. For 10 × 3 rib the mid layer is obtained by three loops of 10 × 3 rib, and the outer layer is obtained by 10 loops of 10 × 3 rib, due to its three-dimensional structure. To test these garments, a thermal manikin and a chiller are developed. The effects of water inlet temperature and flow rate on the cooling effect are examined. Outer garments of 10 × 3 rib structure are found to provide effective cooling. When the water inlet temperature decreases, the effective cooling slightly increases. At lower flow rates, effective cooling increases slightly, while this effect disappears for higher flow rates.

일본 헤이안시대에 나타난 복식현상

The purpose of this study is to investigate the causes of clothes phenomenon of the ruling class women on the Heian period of Japan in the aspects of politics, economics, society, culture, and religion. The findings of the study are as follows. The main characteristics of the Heian period of Japan may include a rare sense of internationalism, low sense of nationalism, and frequent cases of political intrigue. However, noble culture, centered on royal court, was flourished and it enabled to develop sophisticated and graceful culture. During the Nara period and the Heian period (from <TEX>$8^{th}$</TEX> to <TEX>$12^{th}$</TEX> century), there were enormous changes in the clothes, starting from the mid <TEX>$10^{th}$</TEX> century. The clothes of the ruling class in the Heian period underwent changes from the imitative clothes-imitating the clothes of the Tang age of China- to Japanesque clothes-adding the aesthetic consciousness of Japanese ruling class people. Particularly, the clothes of the ruling class women became massive, majestic, and decorative. The changed clothes had also features such as layered look, utilizing underwear as outer garments, using a wide variety of colors, and using hard and solid materials to make clothes. It can be concluded that the clothes of the ruling class people in the Heian period were affected by plural factors such as national and international political situation, economics, society, culture, and religion. The clothes were used by ruling class people as means of expressing their noble and sophisticated beauty, which led to produce humanistic beauty. The Heian period can be described as an era of the highest reach of humanity.

Heat Gain From Thermal Radiation Through Protective Clothing With Different Insulation, Reflectivity and Vapour Permeability

The heat transferred through protective clothing under long wave radiation compared to a reference condition without radiant stress was determined in thermal manikin experiments. The influence of clothing insulation and reflectivity, and the interaction with wind and wet underclothing were considered. Garments with different outer materials and colours and additionally an aluminised reflective suit were combined with different number and types of dry and pre-wetted underwear layers. Under radiant stress, whole body heat loss decreased, i.e., heat gain occurred compared to the reference. This heat gain increased with radiation intensity, and decreased with air velocity and clothing insulation. Except for the reflective outer layer that showed only minimal heat gain over the whole range of radiation intensities, the influence of the outer garments’ material and colour was small with dry clothing. Wetting the underclothing for simulating sweat accumulation, however, caused differing effects with higher heat gain in less permeable garments.

한국과 일본 여대생간 겨울철 의복의 착장활동에 관한 비교 연구

The purpose of this study was to compare clothes-wearing in winter between Korean and Japanese college students and to provide the fundamental data for apparel manufacturers to produce young woman's clothing. A total of 332 Korean female students in the capital area and 347 Japanese female students in Tokyo aged between 19 and 25 were used into data analysis from December 2007 to January 2008. Their majors were Fashion Design and Clothing & Textiles. The questionnaires consisted of 36 questions in total. Their details were as follows: 2 questions about the purposes of wearing clothes in winter, 5 questions about whether or not underwear was worn and its types, 9 questions about the types of wearing outer garments, 17 questions about the types of wearing accessories, and 3 questions about demographic characteristics. The results were as follows: It was found that many female students wore clothes for "a protection purpose" or "an ornamental purpose" in winter. There was significant difference between Korea and Japan. As for the question about whether or not underwear was worn in winter, less Korean students answered than Japanese students that they wore both of upper and lower underwear. More upper underwear was worn than lower underwear. As for the question about the types of wearing outer garments, both Korean and Japanese students answered that they wore 3-layered upper garments in winter most. The types of upper garments worn in winter were different between Korea and Japan. The lower garments worn in winter were different between the two countries as well. The Korean students mainly wore pants while the Japanese students wore skirts. As for the types of accessories, there was significant difference between Korea and Japan about most of the questions about hats and gloves. Korean students wore them more than Japanese students. There was no significant difference between the two countries about whether or not scarves or earmuffs were worn. In both countries, more students wore scarves while less students wore earmuffs.

The discrimination of (non-denim) blue cotton

This study was conducted to determine the degree of discrimination obtained between non-denim blue cotton fibres using visible-UV range microspectrophotometry alone. To this end, samples of fibres were taken from 100, nondenim, blue cotton, outer garments, including t-shirts, trousers and jumpers and subjected to analysis by both visible and UV range microspectrophotometry. The results obtained from the samples of each garment were compared to determine if they 'matched' or not. From an initial visual comparison of the garments it was possible to subdivide the samples into two populations consisting of 73 'dark blue' garments and 27 'mid-blue' garments. It was found that of the 73 'dark blue' garments, 22 distinct sub-populations could be distinguished using visible range MSP, this figure being increased to 43 when the analysis was extended into the UVW range. In the case of the 27 'mid-blue' garments, 9 distinct sub-populations were discriminated using visible range MSP, this figure being increased to 17 when the analysis was extended into the UV range. The discriminating power (i.e., the number of discriminated pairs divided by the number of possible pairs) of visible range microspectrophotometry was calculated as 0.89 for 'mid-blue' garments and 0.87 for 'dark blue' garments. Extending microspectrophotometry into the UV range increased discrimination by 7%, giving a discriminating power of 0.96 for both mid and dark blue cotton fibres which was similar to that reported by a previous study where this method was combined with light and fluorescence microscopy. Intra-garment variation was found to be negligible. The implications of this study for casework are discussed and a revised analytical pathway for the comparison of this fibre type/colour combination using microspectrophotometry as a primary screening tool, is proposed.

Focus on Alcohol &amp; Drug Abuse: Ensuring Validity in Urine Drug Testing

Focus on Alcohol &amp; Drug Abuse: Ensuring Validity in Urine Drug Testing

Focus on Alcohol &amp; Drug Abuse: Ensuring Validity in Urine Drug Testing

Methods for urine drug testing have been available for several decades. These procedures are useful in assessing and identifying substance use in treatment programs, research programs, law enforcement, the workplace, and schools. Despite widespread adoption of such techniques, limited knowledge exists regarding their valid use and interpretation among many who frequently perform these tests. This column discusses how obtaining a valid test result is a complex process because results are affected by several factors, including the substance of interest, test methodology, pharmacokinetics, chain-of-custody procedures, and intentional tampering.

Heartless Willy

Heartless Willy Leo Litwak (bio) Father didn't have to give honest answers. He didn't have to admit we were Jews. It would have been simple to lie. We could easily have passed as pure Dutch. Even the name—Frucht—gave nothing away. He had friends in high places and the Dutch would have supported us up and down the line. What did it have to do with what was in our hearts? We had no duty to tell the truth to the commissioner. And yet Father chose to list us as Jews in the special census. Once we were on record everything followed. We lost business, car, bank account. They even took our bicycles. We had to wear the yellow star, palm sized, sewn permanently into outer garments, the word jood in black at the center. I was removed from school and friends and sent to an exclusively Jewish school. Then the final insult. Jews were yanked from other parts of the Netherlands and squeezed into the Amsterdam Jewish Quarter and the Chernitzes were foisted on us. They were from Poland, Orthodox and rural, and had somehow found their way to the Netherlands. Their natural tongue was Yiddish. They spoke a garbled Dutch, larded with a Yiddish German. There were four of them: the bearded patriarch, his shawled wife, and his daughters, Sophie and Fanya. They lit candles Friday nights and donned prayer shawls. The father wore a skullcap around the clock. They stained our kitchen with the cooking odors of an ancient poverty that I feared might become the stink of our own decline. They were entirely out of place. Bump into any of them and they begged forgiveness. Entschuldigen mir. Forgive me. I'm sorry. They cracked their door to see if kitchen or bathroom was available, too timid to knock, then scurried for the room once they were sure we were out of it. They made themselves light walking down the hallway so they wouldn't disturb us. Their quarrels were muted to whispers. They claimed no space and I couldn't find it in my heart to grant them any. I had been exiled to a cot in the second parlor and the girls had my room. Fanya, at fourteen, was the younger of the Chernitz daughters and always in the way. I would come out of the kitchen, bump into her near the door. I'm sorry, she'd say. Forgive me. There's nothing to forgive, I'd say. I almost bowled her over when I left our apartment. She was there fumbling [End Page 119] with the key, bearing a load of groceries. Excuse me, I'm sorry, and I said, Save your sorrys. Use them when you really make a mess. She wore a shapeless smock and a full skirt. Her head was covered with a black shawl. She had a ruddy, peasant complexion. Her cheeks were plump and fiery red. She came into the kitchen, saw me there. I told her, "For godsakes, don't jump!" Mother called me to her room. "Does it cost you anything to offer a little sympathy? They've lost everything. They don't choose to be here." I asked what they'd lost. They had a better place here with us than they'd ever had. "What's lacking in you, Willy? Don't you have a heart?" "That's right," I said. "That's what I don't have." "Heartless Willy." She tried to tease me into a lighter mood but it was an awful time and I wasn't up to it. One afternoon I said to hell with it and returned to the old school and waited for Jan and Nick. They wore the school uniform: green jacket, white shirt, black tie, black pants. They came down the stone stairs, shouldering each other and laughing, Jan solid and wide, Nick taller, leaner, very blond Dutch boys. "Look at the lucky dog," Jan said, "outside while we're stuck inside. No wonder they call them the Chosen People." It disturbed Nick that I wasn't wearing the star. "It's not only you who take the risk. It's six months...