Outdoor Display Research Articles

Hormonal correlations at transition from reproduction to molting in an annual life cycle of Humboldt penguins ( Spheniscus humboldti)

To understand the hormonal mechanism behind a unique strategy of breeding and molting in Humboldt penguins, six pairs of captive Humboldt penguins kept in an outdoor open display pen were observed and blood collected weekly for a year. They all molted between the middle of June and the middle of August within 10 days except one pair that molted about a month later. The late pair had been rearing a hatchling until July due to the successful second clutch after the first clutch failed. A peak of plasma levels of thyroxine and triiodothyronine, respectively, overlapped a period of molting in both sexes. Plasma testosterone concentrations in the males and females were lowest for two month during a period of pre-molt and molting. Plasma concentrations of estradiol were also lowest during the molt in both sexes. Except for the period of molting, sex steroid hormone concentrations were high although there was great individual variation. During the molt, the birds were forced to fast since they did not enter the pool in the display pen where they usually forage live fish. To compensate this forced fasting, they took more food than usual during pre-molting period and gained body mass to about 20% more than the baseline value. Increased flipper thickness was parallel to increased body mass indicating that the gained body mass attributed to fat reservoir. These data indicate that rapid molting in Humboldt penguins is correlated with a drastic increase and decrease of thyroid hormones during the period of lowest concentrations in sex steroid hormones.

11.3: Invited Paper: Lighting Elements of Carbon Nanotube Field Emission Display

AbstractEach year the Society awards the Display of the Year Award to several display devices that exhibit leading edge technology or innovative solutions to an information display need. The following paper provides a summary of a Display of the Year award recipient from 1999 and 2000 SID conferences. The display described Carbon‐nanotube(CNT) Field Emission Display(FED) has produced the first commercial product as a lighting element, which is a 1‐pixel 20mm‐diameter cylindrical device intended to replace existing externally similar thermionic (CRT‐type) lighting elements used in outdoor displays and other high‐brightness applications.An excellent performance of carbon‐nanotubes as field‐emitters was demonstrated using a high‐voltage FED elements at SID in 1998 where a light‐source tube for outdoor large size display and diode type flat panel were presented with the screen printed nanotube cathode.After that, an x‐y addressable high‐luminance FED panel was introduced at IDRC in 1999. The experimental panel was performed ca.7×105 cd/m2 green light at 6kV, ca.1mA/cm2 dc‐driving condition.The results show the excellent performance of carbon nanotube FED as flat panel displays which are applicable to large size TV devices. This panel will be not only suitable for future TV display but also light‐sources for field sequential color LCDs.The CNT FED lighting‐element module is exciting not only because it is the first commercial implementation of CNT technology, but because it could pave the way for new generations of FED products.

Challenges in the design of a RGB LED display for indoor applications

LED is the dominant technology used in full-color outdoor display panels. However, until recently, there has not been wide spread usage of this technology for similar indoor applications because of the availability of other competing technologies. This paper examines some of the design considerations and trade-off’s facing the designer of indoor LED-based display signs.

Changes in circulating LH, sex steroid hormones, thyroid hormones and corticosterone in relation to breeding and molting in captive humboldt penguins (Spheniscus Humboldti) kept in an outdoor open display.

Penguins are highly adapted to marine life. Their hydrodynamic efficiency depends on feathers which wear with age and need to be replaced regularly. During molting, penguins can not enter the sea to forage and are forced to fast. Therefore the duration of molting is necessarily brief. To better understand molting in penguins, we collected plasma samples from 16 (8 pairs) Humboldt penguins kept in an open display pen at Tokyo Sea Life Park from May to September, 1994 and estimated circulating concentrations of LH, testosterone, estradiol, thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and corticosterone. Body mass was also measured at each blood sampling. Throughout the year, reproductive activities (egg laying, incubation, hatching and rearing) and molting were observed and recorded. Humboldt penguins maintained reproductive activity from January to December except during molting. Each pair started molting between the end of July and early August; usually males started earlier. The duration of molting was 13.4 +/- 0.8 days for males and 12.9 +/- 0.3 days for females. Body masses were highest just before the start of molting in both sexes. Plasma concentrations of LH were high, (> 2 ng/ml) in May in both sexes, then gradually decreased, to 0.53 +/- 0.38 ng/ml in males and 0.72 +/- 0.11 ng/ml in females by the end of July. Testosterone and estradiol concentrations in plasma decreased and were lowest during molting. On the other hand, plasma concentrations of T4 were low until early July (ca. 20 ng/ml) and then doubled within 10 days; the high levels were maintained for one month and then decreased greatly in males and slightly in females. When the plasma concentrations of T4 started to decrease, plasma concentrations of LH increased. Changes in plasma T3 were not consistent with molting. These results indicate that the decrease of plasma levels of sex steroid hormones and the sharp increase of T4 induced molting, which lasted only for a short period.

The National Atomic Museum, Albuquerque, New Mexico: Where "Weapon Shapes" Are Not Enough

Adobe buildings, Native American artifacts, and flat, dry landscapes punctuated by stubborn mesas-these are among the elements that determine one's initial impression of northern New Mexico, and it is from them that the country gains something of its timeless quality. But our own century has had an impact here, too; after all, Los Alamos, the birthplace of atomic weaponry, is one of the larger towns in the area. And not far away is a museum devoted to these weapons, the National Atomic Museum. The National Atomic Museum is located within the confines of Kirtland Air Force Base, southeast of downtown Albuquerque. To get to it, one has to enter the base through a checkpoint cut into an imposing fence. That done, there is little danger of missing the museum, marked as it is by an outdoor display of missiles, heavy artillery, and a gigantic B-52 bomber. These details of the museum's immediate context are not irrelevant; rather, they help in understanding the tone of the exhibits inside and the virtual absence of anything beyond a strictly military context. The museum was opened in 1969 under the aegis of the Defense Nuclear Agency, then was transferred to the Department of Energy in 1976. This may explain the presence of newer exhibits treating nuclear energy in more general terms. But the museum's core remains a display dating from the opening twenty years ago, a display of unclassified nuclear weapon shapes. This odd phrase, which appears in a museum flier, is striking in its aggressive neutrality. As it turns out, however, the words appear to have been chosen carefully. The exhibit's backdrop includes photographs and brief labels, mounted on walls into which are set a number of television monitors

The National Atomic Museum, Albuquerque, New Mexico: Where “Weapon Shapes” Are Not Enough

THE NATIONAL ATOMIC MUSEUM, ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO: WHERE “WEAPON SHAPES” ARE NOT ENOUGH KENNETH ARNOLD Adobe buildings, Native American artifacts, and flat, dry land­ scapes punctuated by stubborn mesas—these are among the ele­ ments that determine one’s initial impression of northern New Mexico, and it is from them that the country gains something of its timeless quality. But our own century has had an impact here, too; after all, Los Alamos, the birthplace of atomic weaponry, is one of the larger towns in the area. And not far away is a museum devoted to these weapons, the National Atomic Museum. The National Atomic Museum is located within the confines of Kirtland Air Force Base, southeast of downtown Albuquerque. To get to it, one has to enter the base through a checkpoint cut into an imposing fence. That done, there is little danger of missing the museum, marked as it is by an outdoor display of missiles, heavy artillery, and a gigantic B-52 bomber. These details of the museum’s immediate context are not irrelevant; rather, they help in understand­ ing the tone of the exhibits inside and the virtual absence of anything beyond a strictly military context. The museum was opened in 1969 under the aegis of the Defense Nuclear Agency, then was transferred to the Department of Energy in 1976. This may explain the presence of newer exhibits treating nuclear energy in more general terms. But the museum’s core remains a display dating from the opening twenty years ago, a display of “unclassified nuclear weapon shapes.” This odd phrase, which appears in a museum flier, is striking in its aggressive neutrality. As it turns out, however, the words appear to have been chosen carefully. The exhibit’s backdrop includes photographs and brief labels, mounted on walls into which are set a number of television monitors displaying newsreels from the 1930s and 1940s. In front are the weapon shapes themselves: Little Boy, Fat Man, Lulu, Davy Crockett, Mr. Arnold, a Ph.D. candidate at Princeton University, is writing a dissertation entitled “Cabinets for the Curious: Science in English Museums, 1600—1759.”©1989 by the Society for the History of Technology. All rights reserved. 0040-165X/89/3003-0003$01.00 640 The National Atomic Museum, Albuquerque, New Mexico 641 Honest John, and some twenty-five more empty casings lie scattered about a cavernous space like minimalist sculptures. The exhibit is explicitly structured around an enumeration of unadorned facts: “Free, Factual, Fascinating,” reads the flier. Walking around the exhibit, one is bombarded with details of “system versatility,” of “physical parameters,” of “delivery methods,” of “subcritical masses,” while the weapon shapes themselves are arranged in a strict chronol­ ogy: Mark 6 follows Mark 5 and is itself followed by Mark 7. But a collection of nuclear bomb casings inevitably produces an impression larger than a simple marshaling of chronology, technical specifications, and discrete “facts.” Even if one only pays attention to the straightforward mode of succession, another tale unfolds, one with which we are already familiar from displays in natural history museums. The story is quite simply one of evolution, with each successive shape the natural descendant of the one before. To be sure, the display embodies a more nuanced tale than that: There is an opening unit on German efforts to build the bomb; there are panels on the Manhattan Project, Oak Ridge, and Hanford; there are descriptions of the shift from atmospheric to underground testing and of numerous “New Advances in Technology.” Yet this is all subsidiary to the real focus of interest, the weapon shapes themselves, especially Little Boy and Fat Man. The real fact is that these are neither sculptures nor natural history specimens. Rather, they are what instantaneously caused approximately 115,000 deaths with their combined 36 kilotons, virtually wiping out the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in the two most deadly events of human history. However, this information is presented simply as another part of the factual picture. What is not mentioned is the psychological shadow that such weapons have cast ever since 1945, the way they forever altered the concept of warfare, and what they meant in real human terms. And...

Promotion of Occupational Therapy Week in North Wales

A local promotion of occupational therapy was staged at the end of 1988. An outdoor display on a Saturday was followed by information displays in local hospital and social services department public areas. The media covered the event and public awareness was raised. A short questionnaire highlighted the need to promote the definition of occupational therapy by the principle rather than the activity. It is hoped that this article will prompt similar promotion events and that it will prove useful as a guideline of ideas and pitfalls.

国際科学技術博覧会特集 ＩＩＩ 大型テレビジョンディスプレイ １ 屋外用大画面ディスプレイ （１） 新発光素子による野外巨大画面装置

国際科学技術博覧会特集 ＩＩＩ 大型テレビジョンディスプレイ １ 屋外用大画面ディスプレイ （１） 新発光素子による野外巨大画面装置

国際科学技術博覧会特集 ＩＩＩ 大型テレビジョンディスプレイ １ 屋外用大画面ディスプレイ （２） 高輝度カラー電球による大画面ディスプレイ

国際科学技術博覧会特集 ＩＩＩ 大型テレビジョンディスプレイ １ 屋外用大画面ディスプレイ （２） 高輝度カラー電球による大画面ディスプレイ

国際科学技術博覧会特集 ＩＩＩ 大型テレビジョンディスプレイ １ 屋外用大画面ディスプレイ （３） ＣＲＴによる大型画像表示装置

国際科学技術博覧会特集 ＩＩＩ 大型テレビジョンディスプレイ １ 屋外用大画面ディスプレイ （３） ＣＲＴによる大型画像表示装置

Light emitting tube for giant color display.

A giant outdoor, full color display system has been developed, the display screen consisting of a matrix array of newly developed light emitting tubes. Each tube is a flood beam CRT, which works as a single picture element (one color), having a single red, green or blue phosphor. The tube is enveloped by a colored glass bulb, to maintain high contrast in bright daylight. It has many superior characteristics and features high color fidelity, low power consumption and long life. It is most suitable for outdoor color display.

Lighting ``A Century of Progress''

Since the Columbian Exposition at Chicago in 1893 gave to the world its first large outdoor display, electric illumination has played a vital and striking part in the great expositions. At San Francisco in 1915 the illumination was classed by the International Jury of Award as a ''Decorative Art''; at Chicago in 1933 the lighting was conceded to be an outstanding feature of the exposition in spite of the fact that it was almost an afterthought. In this short article the author gives a general description of the exterior lighting effects; illustrates some of the equipment used and the results obtained. -Editor.