Results Of Different Techniques Research Articles

Preventive Measures of Middle Turbinate Lateralization After Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: An Updated Review.

Introduction: The middle turbinate (MT) is the most important anatomical structure inside the nasal cavity and a landmark in the identification of skull base, ethmoid cells, and lamina papyracea. Postoperatively, lateralizationof the MT can cause synechia and obstruction of the middle meatus and the maxillary, ethmoid, or frontal sinuses.Objective: To review the current literature about the outcome of different techniques used intraoperatively to prevent lateralization of MT after functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS).Materials and methods: This retrospective narrative literature review provides a summary of current and past research publications about different techniques used intraoperatively to prevent MT lateralization after FESS.Results: Many methods have been described to prevent the lateralization of MT and synechiae formation. These methods include controlled synechiae, suture lateralization, metal clips, partial resection of MT, middle meatus implants, and steroid-eluting implants and stents.Conclusion: The ideal FESS should include preservation of the MT, reducing its lateralization, and preventing synechia formation.Different techniques have been discovered in an attempt to prevent this complication.

Outcome of Different Techniques of Gingivectomy

Gingival enlargementis a condition that occurs commonlyduring orthodontic treatment. Orthodontic appliances are retentive factors for plaque accumulation which leads to gingival inflammation. A case of gingival hyperplasia undergoing orthodontic treatment was reported & treated by gingivectomy. A split mouth study was done to compare the outcomes of different techniques of gingivectomy like LASER, electrocautery and conventional methods.

507 Total Lower Lip Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Treatment Algorithm

Abstract Introduction To critically appraise the outcomes of different techniques described for total lower lip reconstruction in a retrospective study, where these factors were specifically documented. Method A comprehensive literature review was conducted over a 20-year period using Pudmed and EMBASE using the search terms “local”, “regional”, “functional”, “total lip reconstruction”. Data collected included: patient demographics, aetiology for lip reconstruction, reconstruction methods and outcomes (functional, aesthetic, complications). Results 204 patients from 28 studies were included. Squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip (93.1%) was the most common cause for reconstruction. Of all the flaps, 67% were local flaps, 8.5% were regional flaps and 24.6% were free flaps. Most studies used a wide variety of objective and subjective outcome measures whereas only 4 used validated scoring systems to determine functional and aesthetic outcomes. Conclusions Despite a myriad of different techniques described, we are currently unable to determine a superior technique. Given the ultimate goal of reconstruction is to restore form and function, we recommend the use of a standardised recording of functional and aesthetic outcome measure to allow comparison and identification of best technique for lower lip reconstruction to optimise patients' outcomes.

Implementation of an Integrated Geochemical Approach Using Polar and Nonpolar Components of Crude Oil for Reservoir-Continuity Assessment: Verification with Reservoir-Engineering Evidences

Summary The ability of geochemistry techniques in reservoir-continuity studies has already been proved. Most of the traditional methods mainly involve analyzing nonpolar components of crude oil and overlooking polar components. Despite valuable information obtained from nonpolar components, these compounds are sometimes affected by various alterations or likely provide only a piece of the reservoir-compartmentalization puzzle. In this paper, an integrated geochemical approach that uses nonpolar (i.e., saturates and aromatics) and polar (i.e., asphaltenes) components of crude oil was performed to evaluate reservoir continuity efficiently. The Shadegan Oil Field in the Dezful Embayment in southwest Iran was investigated for reservoir-continuity studies to show the efficiency of this proposed technique. The selected interparaffin peak ratios and light hydrocarbons [the C7 oil correlation star diagram (C7CSD)] from whole-oil gas chromatography (GC) (WOGC) chromatograms were used to obtain oil fingerprints from the nonpolar fraction of crude oils. The Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of asphaltenes was applied to obtain oil fingerprints from the polar fraction of crude oils. The pairwise comparison of studied wells by each technique was summarized in a similarity matrix with green, yellow, and red colors to show connectivity, limited connectivity, and disconnectivity according to oil fingerprints. Finally, a compartmentalization model was prepared from the integrated results of different techniques considering the worst-case scenarios regarding the occurrence or absence of reservoir continuity when relying on individual methods for the studied field. Results show that the Shadegan Oil Field comprises three zones in the Asmari Reservoir and two zones in the Bangestan Reservoir. Reservoir-engineering data, including pressure data and pressure/volume/temperature (PVT), completely corroborated the obtained results from the geochemical approach. The consistency of results suggested FTIR oil fingerprinting of asphaltene as a novel and straightforward technique, which is a complementary or even alternative method with respect to previous geochemical methods.

On the Use of EBSD and Microhardness to Study the Microstructure Properties of Tungsten Samples Prepared by Selective Laser Melting.

Additively manufactured tungsten and its alloys have been widely used for plasma facing components (PFCs) in future nuclear fusion reactors. Under the fusion process, PFCs experience a high-temperature exposure, which will ultimately affect the microstructural features, keeping in mind the importance of microstructures. In this study, microhardness and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) techniques were used to study the specimens. Vickers hardness method was used to study tungsten under different parameters. EBSD technique was used to study the microstructure and Kikuchi pattern of samples under different orientations. We mainly focused on selective laser melting (SLM) parameters and the effects of these parameters on the results of different techniques used to study the behavior of samples.

Evaluation of etiology of discoloration, site of discoloured tooth and outcomes of different techniques used for vital tooth bleaching- a retrospective analysis

Evaluation of etiology of discoloration, site of discoloured tooth and outcomes of different techniques used for vital tooth bleaching- a retrospective analysis

A Prospective Study Comparing Continuous Versus Interrupted Suture Techniques in Midline Abdominal Wound Closure

Introduction: Wound closure after midline laparotomy is an essential part of surgery to produce a healthy and a strong scar. There is an alternative interrupted method of closure as compared to conventional continuous method of closure. Many comparative studies have shown different outcomes. So, we wanted to evaluate the outcome of different techniques in our setting. Aims: To compare the outcome of Interrupted abdominal closure and continuous abdominal closure in midline laparotomy wound. Methods: This was a prospective comparative study conducted in the Department of Surgery of Nepalgunj Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kohalpur, Banke, Nepal for a duration of 1 year. A total of 60 patients were selected randomly to receive either continuous or interrupted abdominal closure in midline laparotomy wound. Wound was evaluated in terms of wound discharge, infection and wound dehiscence. Results: The mean age of the patients was 38.38 years. Most commonly, the patients presented with duodenal ulcer perforation with peritonitis. The average time taken for abdomen closure in group A (16.77 minutes) was significantly less as compared to group B (27.77 minutes). The average cost of sutures for group B (Rs 1322.97) was higher than that of sutures for group A (Rs 1118) with p value of <0.01. Wound infection and incidence of burst abdomen were similar in both groups after one month, suture sinus was seen in three patients of group A and four patients of group B (p = 1.0). Incisional hernia was seen in one patient of group A and in none of the patients of group B at three month’s follow-up (p = 1.0). Conclusion: Continuous technique of midline laparotomy wound closure is better in terms of time required for wound closure and costing of suture materials, while showing no difference in terms of wound infection, burst abdomen and late wound complications

Retrospective Evaluation of 85 Patients with Carotid Endarterectomy: Results of Different Techniques

Retrospective Evaluation of 85 Patients with Carotid Endarterectomy: Results of Different Techniques

A study of classification and feature extraction techniques for brain tumor detection

Medical imaging aids in the analysis of interior parts of the human body such as the functioning of the organs or tissues for early treatment of diseases. Many different types of medical imaging technologies exist, for example, X-ray radiography, magnetic resonance imaging, endoscopy, positron emission tomography, CT scan (computed tomography), and many more. A tumor is an abnormal tissue in the brain which causes damage to the functioning of the cell. Therefore, brain tumor detection is an incredibly tricky task. Manual detection of a tumor is quite risky as it involves the insertion of a needle in the brain. Thus, there is a need for automated brain tumor detection systems. The well-timed detection of the tumor can add to accurate treatment and can increase the survival rate of patients. From machine learning techniques, namely K-nearest neighbor, support vector machine, and more to soft computing techniques, namely artificial neural network, self-organizing map, and others hold a significant stand in detection and categorization of brain tumor. Various methods including deep learning-based classifiers such as convolutional neural network, recurrent neural network, deep belief network (DBN), and others are used to make it easier to detect the tumor. Hybrid classifiers were also used for classification systems such as combining the machine learning approach with soft computing. This study is to summarize and compare the work of various authors on automatic brain tumor detection using medical imaging. Based on the accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity parameters, the results of different techniques are analyzed and compared graphically.

Evaluation of in-service performance factors of renders based on in-situ testing techniques

In order to contribute to the knowledge about the influence of several factors on the in-service performance of renders, as well as about the applicability of in-situ testing techniques in the evaluation of their performance, an experimental work was carried. In this work, the influence of some factors (type of substrate, number and thickness of mortar layers) on the mechanical and physical performance of two mortars (site-made and industrial) was evaluated, using the following in-situ testing techniques: pendulum rebound hammer test (with two types of rebound hammer), ultrasonic pulse velocity test (with two types of device) and water absorption under low pressure test (with Karsten tubes). It was possible to verify that the above-mentioned factors influence the performance of the mortars. The in-situ testing techniques were, in general, able to identify differences in the behaviour of renders due to these factors. However, for the same technique, different devices sometimes led to distinct results. Nevertheless, the combination of the results of different techniques helped to reduce the uncertainty of the analysis.

Sexual outcomes of endoscopic enucleation of prostate.

The emergence of various endoscopic enucleation techniques in the past decade has provided surgeons with more options and opportunities in performing enucleation. With the same surgical principle as holmium laser enucleation of prostate, the early results of different techniques were comparable. However, sexual outcomes of endoscopic enucleation of the prostate (EEP) were less commonly reported than the voiding and urodynamic outcomes. In this review, the sexual outcomes including erectile function, ejaculatory and orgasmic function of various endoscopic enucleation technique would be studied. The overall sexual outcomes were heterogeneous and inconclusive. Outcomes measurement, sample size calculation, hypothesis generation and selection criteria were not specifically designed for sexual outcomes or even available. There were also limitations in the individual sexual assessment tools. Nonetheless, most studies showed no significant deterioration of erectile function after EEP, and ejaculation dysfunction was common. Looking forward in the field of benign prostatic enlargement surgery, the 'one size fits all' notion should be abandoned. Treatment should be tailor-made according to the prostate size, co-morbidities and sexual needs. The sexual outcomes of enucleation have to be better studied and defined. More prospective controlled studies focusing primarily on sexual functions are needed. For enucleation surgeons, exploring different ejaculatory-sparing technique could be the golden opportunities in further consolidating the role and expanding the indication of enucleation surgery.

Deep Learning Approaches Towards Skin Lesion Segmentation and Classification from Dermoscopic Images - A Review

Automated intelligent systems for unbiased diagnosis are primary requirement for the pigment lesion analysis. It has gained the attention of researchers in the last few decades. These systems involve multiple phases such as pre-processing, feature extraction, segmentation, classification and post processing. It is crucial to accurately localize and segment the skin lesion. It is observed that recent enhancements in machine learning algorithms and dermoscopic techniques reduced the misclassification rate therefore, the focus towards computer aided systems increased exponentially in recent years. Computer aided diagnostic systems are reliable source for dermatologists to analyze the type of cancer, but it is widely acknowledged that even higher accuracy is needed for computer aided diagnostic systems to be adopted practically in the diagnostic process of life threatening diseases. Skin cancer is one of the most threatening cancers. It occurs by the abnormal multiplication of cells. The core three types of skin cells are: Squamous, Basal and Melanocytes. There are two wide classes of skin cancer; Melanocytic and non-Melanocytic. It is difficult to differentiate between benign and malignant melanoma, therefore dermatologists sometimes misclassify the benign and malignant melanoma. Melanoma is estimated as 19th most frequent cancer, it is riskier than the Basel and Squamous carcinoma because it rapidly spreads throughout the body. Hence, to lower the death risk, it is critical to diagnose the correct type of cancer in early rudimentary phases. It can occur on any part of body, but it has higher probability to occur on chest, back and legs. The paper presents a review of segmentation and classification techniques for skin lesion detection. Dermoscopy and its features are discussed briefly. After that Image pre-processing techniques are described. A thorough review of segmentation and classification phases of skin lesion detection using deep learning techniques is presented Literature is discussed and a comparative analysis of discussed methods is presented. In this paper, we have presented the survey of more than 100 papers and comparative analysis of state of the art techniques, model and methodologies. Malignant melanoma is one of the most threating and deadliest cancers. Since the last few decades, researchers are putting extra attention and effort in accurate diagnosis of melanoma. The main challenges of dermoscopic skin lesion images are: low contrasts, multiple lesions, irregular and fuzzy borders, blood vessels, regression, hairs, bubbles, variegated coloring and other kinds of distortions. The lack of large training dataset makes these problems even more challenging. Due to recent advancement in the paradigm of deep learning, and specially the outstanding performance in medical imaging, it has become important to review the deep learning algorithms performance in skin lesion segmentation. Here, we have discussed the results of different techniques on the basis of different evaluation parameters such as Jaccard coefficient, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. And the paper listed down the major achievements in this domain with the detailed discussion of the techniques. In future, it is expected to improve results by utilizing the capabilities of deep learning frameworks with other pre and post processing techniques so reliable and accurate diagnostic systems can be built.

Effect of gamma ray on some properties of bismuth borate glasses containing different transition metals

This work aims to study the influence of gamma irradiation on some bismuth borate glasses doped with different transition metal oxides (CuO, CoO, ZnO and CdO). The structure of the glass matrix was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy before and after gamma irradiation at doses of 1 kGy, 20 kGy and 50 kGy. Additionally, the attention is made in determining the attenuation parameters against gamma rays. Mass attenuation coefficient determined experimentally and calculated theoretically by WinXCom program, which is a significant program in the field of radiation shielding. It is found that the attenuation parameters of gamma ray have higher values of the sample without transition metal oxides and the other doped with CdO. From hardness measurements before and after irradiation, it was found that hardness increases with the addition of transition metal oxides to glass. The results of different techniques show that these glasses possess a slight effect on the network structure of the samples against gamma irradiation. So, it can be used in different applications of nuclear fields.

Endoscopic techniques for myotomy of the lower esophageal sphincter and pylorus.

Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) and gastric peroral endoscopic myotomy (G-POEM) are minimally invasive endoscopic procedures for the treatment of esophageal motility disorders and refractory gastroparesis, respectively. In this review, we highlight the most recent publications on the technical aspects of POEM and G-POEM. POEM has evolved into a standard therapeutic option in patients with all achalasia subtypes with excellent durability and safety profile. G-POEM is a novel endoscopic procedure with promising results in terms of efficacy, safety, and symptom improvement in patients with refractory gastroparesis. POEM and G-POEM are novel endoscopic procedures. Practice patterns vary among endoscopists and procedure techniques continue to evolve. Comparative studies examining outcomes of different techniques are needed.

APPROACHES FOR THE DELIVERY OF SKELETAL MUSCLE RELAXANTS: A REVIEW

Skeletal muscle relaxants are a broad class of active pharmaceutical ingredients routinely prescribed for a variety of clinical conditions. The design of a successful product in this category relies primarily on the formulation strategies as compared to the drug in question. Almost all of the skeletal muscle relaxants known till date are extensively metabolised by first pass metabolism when administered orally, reducing their bioavailability and thus creating a need for newer methods to deliver the drugs into the body. Another drawback of oral delivery for these drugs relates to the possible side effect profiles. The main objective of this review is to report the current approaches for the delivery of skeletal muscle relaxants. Here, we have discussed the outcome of different techniques adopted in delivering the skeletal muscle relaxants through different routes of administration with an aim of lowering the side effects and providing sufficient concentration of drug in the body.

Complete Atrioventricular Septal Defects "Outcome of Different Techniques"

Complete Atrioventricular Septal Defects "Outcome of Different Techniques"

Ethoxylates nonionic surfactants as promising environmentally safe inhibitors for corrosion protection of reinforcing steel in 3.5 % NaCl saturated with Ca(OH)2 solution

Herein, the anti-corrosive action of two Ethoxylates nonionic surfactants, namely isodecyl alcohol ethoxylates (IAE) and nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPE) for reinforcing steel in 3.5 %NaCl saturated with Ca(OH)2 solution was assessed. Electrochemical measurements, surface examination, quantum chemical calculations and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations were investigated. The potentiodynamic polarization studies inferred that the examined inhibitors act as anodic type inhibitors. The adsorption of IAE and NPE on reinforcing steel surface follows Langmuir isotherm which resulted in pronounced corrosion resistance with reduced corrosion rate. The inhibition effect of the surfactants on the reinforcing steel surface was confirmed by SEM and AFM results. The corrosion inhibition tendency for the investigated surfactants was evaluated by employing the quantum calculations. While the interaction energy among the surfactant molecules and the metal surface was evaluated using MC simulations. The surfactants were found to be parallelly adsorbed on the Fe (110) surface which maximizes their contact with the steel surface as predicted using MC simulations. The results of different techniques are further used to ascertain the corrosion mechanism and also the adsorption mode of inhibitors in details. The results of theoretical studies validate the experimental studies with superior inhibition efficiency of NPE greater than IAE.

Systematic review of studies reporting perioperative and functional outcomes following male-to-female gender assignment surgery (MtoF GAS): a call for standardization in data reporting.

The aim of this study is to accomplish a systematic review on the surgical techniques available for male-to-female gender assignment surgery (MtoF GAS) published in the last 15 years, from January 2002 to May 2017, assessing advantages and disadvantages. A specific search on MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science databases included vaginoplasty for gender exchange. Preoperative (age, gender, body mass index, prior surgery), intraoperative (mean operating time, intraoperative complications, transfusion rate, conversion rate), postoperative (hospital stays, readmission rate, early and late complication rate), postoperative sexual activity, subjective satisfaction, vaginal depth, and long-term outcomes (vaginal stenosis, prolapse, dyspareunia and labial abscess) data of vaginoplasty for sexual exchange were collected. 29 articles were included (2.402 patients). Out of the 29 papers, 19 studies assessed penile skin inversion and 10 evaluated intestinal vaginoplasty. No comparative studies were found. Penile skin inversion vaginoplasty reported slightly shorter operative time compared to intestinal vaginoplasty (109-420 vs 145-420 minutes). Intraoperative complications for penile skin inversion vaginoplasty not exceeded an incidence of 10%. No significant differences in terms of postoperative complications or hospitalization time were reported. Intestinal vaginoplasty provides a deeper neovagina. Female Sexual Function Index score was significantly higher in patients undergoing intestinal vaginoplasty. A standardized data collection may allow a better understanding of effectiveness and outcomes of different techniques.

Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation of the Femoral Condyle Utilizing a Thin Plug Graft Technique

Background: Previous studies showed clinical benefit and durable results of osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation for the treatment of femoral condyle lesions. However, the majority of these studies are difficult to interpret owing to the mixed results of different techniques and anatomic locations. Purpose: To evaluate the outcome of OCA transplantation with thin plug grafts for treatment of isolated femoral condyle osteochondral lesions. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: This study included 187 patients (200 knees) who underwent OCA transplantation for isolated osteochondral lesions on the femoral condyle between 1999 and 2014. For all cases, a thin plug technique was used with commercially available surgical instruments and the minimum amount of bone necessary for fixation. Evaluation included International Knee Documentation Committee score, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, and patient satisfaction. Frequency and type of further surgery were assessed. Failure of the allograft was defined as further surgery involving removal of the allograft. Results: Mean follow-up was 6.7 years (range, 1.9-16.5 years). The mean age of patients at the time of surgery was 31 years, and 63% were male. The medial femoral condyle was affected in 69% of knees. A single thin plug graft was used in 145 knees (72.5%), and 2 grafts were used in 55 knees (27.5%). Mean allograft area was 6.3 cm2, and graft thickness was 6.5 mm (cartilage and bone combined). Further surgery was required for 52 knees (26%), of which 16 (8% of entire cohort) were defined as allograft failures (4 OCA revisions, 1 arthrosurface, 6 unicompartmental knee arthroplasties, and 5 total knee arthroplasties). Median time to failure was 4.9 years. Survivorship of the allograft was 95.6% at 5 years and 91.2% at 10 years. Among patients with grafts remaining in situ at latest follow-up, clinically meaningful improvement in pain, function, and quality of life was reported. Satisfaction was reported by 89% of patients. Conclusion: OCA transplantation with a thin plug graft technique is a valuable procedure for the treatment of femoral condyle osteochondral lesions, resulting in significant improvement in clinical scores, high patient satisfaction, and low reoperation and clinical failure rates.

Evaluation of Different Varieties of Brachioplasty

Background: There has been a renewed interest in upper arm contouring secondary to recent advances in plastic surgery that have made it safer and more appealing to both the plastic surgeon and the patient. Objectives: the aim of the work was to describe the aesthetic outcome of different techniques used for correction of arm ptosis to try to obtain a new treatment-based algorithm for management of brachioplasty. Patients and Methods: This prospective study included a total of 40 patients with different degrees of arm ptosis, requesting arm contouring attending at Al-Hussein and Bab Al-Shairia, Al-Azhar University Hospitals. Different techniques used for brachioplasty as liposuction or skin excision by different types of skin incision according to the degree of fat deposit, redundancy and skin ptosis, or both were used in this study. Results: Patient's satisfaction within clothes was 100% in all techniques used in brachioplasty while patients' satisfaction without wearing clothes or light clothes was 84.6% in surgical resection due to the presence of complications in the form of wound dehiscence in 5 patients (19%) and hypertrophic scar in 4 patients (15.4%) and it was 100% in liposuction patients and it was 83.3 in combined method patients due to the resent of wound dehiscence with ugly scar in 1 patient (16.7%). Conclusion: Brachioplasty operation whether liposuction alone or surgical excision or combined methods is a good method to treat patients with arm obesity or post massive weight loss skin ptosis. The proper method was selected according to the degree of fat deposit, redundancy and skin ptosis.