Out Of Control Research Articles

Design of the Downhill Automatic Liquid Damping Reduction Mechanism on the carbon-free car

The carbon-free car is driven by gravity potential energy, through the mechanism to complete the specific direction control and avoid obstacles, to achieve the driving purpose of the car. The event is a national science and technology innovation activity project organized by relevant departments. It is a competition that demonstrates the engineering training and comprehensive ability of college students. Based on the “S” and “8” glyphs around the pile competition, a new circular track was added, and the track was randomly set with intermittent barrier walls and up and down ramps. Small cars that do not have the ability to climb and do not have speed control on the upper and lower ramps make it difficult to complete the race. To this end, for the content of the new project, the automatic speed reduction mechanism for the carbon-free car downhill is developed. Under the condition that the gravitational potential energy of the carbon-free car on the downhill is constant, the stall phenomenon at the time of downhill is effectively solved, the safe driving speed is adjusted, avoid the problem of out of control when escaping the intermittent barrier wall on the circular track.

The effect of continuously updating control chart limits on control chart performance

AbstractAn open topic within statistical process monitoring is the effect on control chart properties of updating the control chart limits during the monitoring period. The challenge is to use the correct data for updating the control limits as in‐control data could be incorrectly classified as out of control and therefore not used for re‐estimating the parameters, and out‐of‐control data could be classified as in control and therefore used for re‐estimating. In the present article, we study the effect of updating the Shewhart, cumulative sum, and exponentially weighted moving average control chart limits. We simulate different scenarios: the monitoring data could be in or out of control, and the practitioner may or may not be able to find out whether the process is indeed out of control when the control chart gives a signal. The results reveal that the variation in the performance of the conditional control charts decreases significantly as a result of updating the control chart limits when the updating data are in control and also when the updating data are out of control and the practitioner is able to classify correctly data samples that produce a signal. However, when a practitioner is not able to classify a signal correctly, the advisability of updating depends on the type of control chart and the level of data contamination.

For Black Girls Like Me by Mariama J. Lockington

Reviewed by: For Black Girls Like Me by Mariama J. Lockington Deborah Stevenson, Editor Lockington, Mariama J. For Black Girls Like Me. Farrar, 2019 [336p] Trade ed. ISBN 978-0-374-30804-9 $16.99 E-book ed. ISBN 978-0-374-30806-3 $9.99 Reviewed from galleys R Gr. 5-8 Keda’s not excited about the move to New Mexico; the eleven-year-old knows it means another round of fending off questions about her and her family (she’s the Black adopted daughter in an otherwise all-white family), and she’s not sure if she [End Page 25] can rely on her mercurial mom while her musician father’s away on a concert tour. She sends a notebook back and forth to her best friend left behind (Lena, another Black adoptee in a white family), and at night she imagines the “Georgia Belles,” Black women who sing to her about her origins. Soon Keda’s mom begins to spiral out of control, though, and Keda’s torn between convincing herself everything’s fine and wondering what will happen to her family. The multimodal storytelling (there’s Keda’s narration, her free-verse ruminations, her notebook with Lena, their shared Tumblr, and other elements) is visually accessible yet conceptually sophisticated, and Keda’s narration, in a reflective, comma-free style, has a touch of adult perception to it that helps expand the audience range of the story. Keda’s experience, based on Lockington’s own, is keenly and at times plaintively depicted as she longs for a mother who’s not flummoxed by her hair and skin (Keda’s and Lena’s wry shared hashtag is #ashyforlife). Ultimately, though, she longs for a mother, period, as her mother cycles frighteningly through highs and lows and eventually ends up in residential treatment for bipolar disorder. The book is realistic in its absence of external solution there, but readers will cheer Keda as she emerges with a stronger and more loving sense of herself. Copyright © 2019 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

Fascism-lite in America (or The Social Ideal of Donald Trump)

Abstract What explains the election of the 45th President of the United States? Many commentators have said that Trump is a fascist. This builds on grave concerns, since Citizens United, that democracy is being corrupted. This article suggests the long term cause, and the shape of ideology is more complex. In 1971, an extraordinary memorandum of Lewis Powell for the U.S. Chamber of Commerce urged that ‘[b]usiness interests’ should ‘press vigorously in all political arenas for support’. Richard Nixon appointed Powell to the Supreme Court, and a few years later, despite powerful dissent, a majority in Buckley v. Valeo held that candidates may spend unlimited funds on their own political campaigns, a decision of which Donald Trump, and others, have taken full advantage. Citizens United compounded the problems, but Buckley v. Valeo was the ‘Trump for President’ case. This provided a platform from which Trump could propel himself into extensive media coverage. The 2016 election was inseparable from the social ideal pursued by a majority of the Supreme Court since 1976. No modern judiciary had engaged in a more sustained assault on democracy and human rights. Properly understood, ‘fascism’ is a contrasting, hybrid political ideology. It mixes liberalism’s dislike of state intervention, social conservatism’s embrace of welfare provision for insiders (not ‘outsiders’), and collectivism’s view that associations are key actors in a class conflict. Although out of control, Trump is closely linked to neo-conservative politics. It is too hostile to insider welfare to be called ‘fascist’. Its political ideology is weaker. If we had to give it a name, the social ideal of Donald Trump is ‘fascism-lite’.

Transposing the Adverse Social Dynamics of Adolescent Substance Use Disorders Into More Effective Treatment and Clinician Resilience

ABSTRACTAs the American opioid epidemic continues to spiral out of control and our medical model remains unable to reverse the staggering trends, this article seeks to broaden clinician understanding of adolescents with substance use disorders by discussing adverse causative social–psychological dynamics: the marginalization of today’s youth, decline of institutions of community and faith, and the burden of childhood trauma. The article then offers a holistic, multilevel model of substance use disorder treatment that recognizes and remediates these adverse dynamics in order to improve treatment outcomes and enhance clinician resilience.

A spatial rank-based EWMA chart for monitoring linear profiles

ABSTRACTProfile monitoring has been recently considered as one of the most promising areas of research in statistical process monitoring (SPM). It is a technique for monitoring the stability of a functional relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables over time. The monitoring of linear profiles is the most popular one because the relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variables is easy to describe by linearity, in addition to its flexibility and simplicity. Furthermore, almost all existing charting schemes for monitoring linear profiles assume that error terms are normally distributed. In some applications, however, the normality assumption of error terms is not justified. This makes the existing charting schemes not only inappropriate but also less efficient for monitoring linear profiles. In this article, based on the spatial rank-based regression, we propose a charting method for monitoring linear profiles where the error terms are not normally distributed. The charting scheme applies the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) to the spatial rank of the vector of the Wilcoxon-type rank-based estimators of regression coefficients and a transformed error variance estimator. Performance properties of the proposed charting scheme are evaluated and compared with an existing charting method based on multivariate sign in terms of the in-control (IC) and out-of-control (OC) average run length (ARL). Finally, a real example is used to demonstrate the applicability and implementation of the proposed charting scheme.

Transdiagnostic mechanism of social phobia and depression: The role of anger dysregulation

ABSTRACTEmotion dysregulation has been identified as a transdiagnostic mechanism underlying social phobia and depression; however, there is much to learn about how emotion dysregulation leads to these specific outcomes. Thus, this study examined the relationship pattern between anger dysregulation and depression and how it is mediated by social phobia. Anger dysregulation was examined specifically considering anger as a significant emotional feature of both social phobia and depression. The mediation hypothesis within this study was empirically established. The data was drawn from the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys (2001–2003), in which 2,827 participants met DSM-IV criteria for lifetime major depressive disorder (14.3%), and 1,905 participants met criteria for DSM-IV lifetime social anxiety disorder (9.6%). Among participants, 4,250 (21.5%) reported that they perceived their anger as out of control and either broke items or hit (or tried to hit) others. The mediation hypothesis was tested with logistic regression models. Anger dysregulation was significantly related to social phobia and depression. A significant indirect effect of social phobia was detected through bootstrap analysis, supporting the partial mediation hypothesis. This study represents the first attempt to examine the mediating role of social phobia in the relationship between anger dysregulation and depression. The findings of this study suggest that anger dysregulation may be a transdiagnostic factor across social phobia and depression.

Weakly correlated profile monitoring based on sparse multi-channel functional principal component analysis

ABSTRACTAlthough several works have been proposed for multi-channel profile monitoring, two additional challenges are yet to be addressed: (i) how to model complex correlations of multi-channel profiles when different profiles have different features (i.e., weakly or sparsely correlated); (ii) how to efficiently detect sparse changes occurring in only a small segment of a few profiles. To fill this research gap, our contributions are twofold. First, we propose a novel Sparse Multi-channel Functional Principal Component Analysis (SMFPCA) to model multi-channel profiles. SMFPCA can not only flexibly describe the correlation structure of multiple, or even high-dimensional, profiles with distinct features, but also achieve sparse PCA scores which are easily interpretable. Second, we propose an efficient convergence-guaranteed optimization algorithm to solve SMFPCA in real time based on the block coordinate descent algorithm. Third, as the SMFPCA scores can naturally identify sparse out-of-control (OC) patterns, we use the scores to construct a monitoring scheme which provides increased sensitivity to sparse OC changes. Numerical studies together with a real case study in a manufacturing system demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed methodology.

Multioutput Least Square SVR Based Multivariate EWMA Control Chart

Multioutput least square SVR has ability to remove serial correlation of process by mapping multivariate input space to multivariate output space. The aim of this research is to propose multioutput least squares SVR based multivariate EWMA control chart to monitor small change of multivariate autocorrelated process. VARMA model with additive and innovative outliers are generated to investigate the performance of proposed control chart. Simulation studies empirically show that multioutput least squares SVR based multivariate EWMA control chart detect either single or consecutive additive outlier takes place at different time in each variable accurately. On the contrary, single innovative outlier in each variable that occurs either at different time or at the same time is detected by multioutput least squares SVR based multivariate EWMA control chart as double out-of control signals.

Using Drug Overdose Syndromic Surveillance Data to Impact Local Public Health Action

Objective: The overall objective of this session is to discuss opportunities to use drug overdose syndromic surveillance (SyS) data to encourage action among local public health partners.After this roundtable discussion, participants will be able to:-Identify opportunities to promote use of drug overdose SyS data to their health partners.-Plan for potential drug overdose public health interventions.-Develop relationships with roundtable attendees to continue the conversation and sharing of ideas about use of drug overdose SyS data.Introduction: Since 2008, drug overdose deaths exceeded the number of motor vehicle traffic-related deaths in Indiana and the gap continues to widen1. As the opioid crisis rages on in the United States the federal government is providing funding opportunities to states, but it often takes years for best practices to be developed, shared, and published.Indiana State Department of Health (ISDH) has developed a standard process for monitoring and alerting local health partners of increases in drug overdoses captured in Indiana’s syndromic surveillance system (ESSENCE). ISDH is launching a pilot project to encourage local partners to start a conversation about overdose response capabilities and planning efforts in their community. Other states have published articles about drug overdose syndromic surveillance (SyS) data being used to inform local public health action, however, the local overdose response activity details were vague 2,3. With the opioid crisis continuing to spiral out of control in the United States, it is imperative to work together as local, state, and national partners to find potential solutions to this crisis.Description: Overdose Surveillance Epidemiologists from Indiana will lead a roundtable discussion about potential uses of syndromic surveillance (SyS) overdose data to kick-start overdose response and prevention efforts at the local and state level. Discussion will begin by the moderators highlighting best practices for overdose response using SyS data and some Indiana specific initiatives. Topics for the roundtable discussion will include:-Drug overdose query development and enhancement.-Dissemination strategies for SyS alerts of suspected drug overdoses.-Best practices for reporting SyS overdose data to partners and/or public.-Public health intervention and prevention strategies using real-time hospital emergency department (ED) data.-Review of national or regional work groups focused on drug overdose SyS.How the Moderator Intends to Engage the Audience in Discussions on the Topic: The moderators, Mandy Billman and Kayley Dotson, are Overdose Surveillance Epidemiologists for Indiana, and they intend to kick off the discussion by presenting a short handout that will highlight Indiana’s efforts to engage local health partners with near real-time drug overdose data, (i.e. monitoring and alerting local partners, developing a resource tool kit, sharing drug overdose queries, etc.). Mandy and Kayley will also develop a series of questions to actively engage participants in the discussion of bridging the gap from data to action using overdose surveillance data.

DENGUE OUTBREAK -IS THE PANIC JUSTIFIED ?

DENGUE OUTBREAK -IS THE PANIC JUSTIFIED ?

A weighted likelihood ratio test-based chart for monitoring process mean and variability

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a new single exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control chart based on the weighted likelihood ratio test, referred to as the WLRT chart, is proposed for the problem of monitoring the mean and variance of a normally distributed process variable. It is easy to design, fast to compute, and quite effective for diverse cases including the detection of the decrease in variability and individual observation case. The optimal parameters that can be used as a design aid in selecting specific parameter values based on the average run length (ARL) and the sample size are provided. The in-control (IC) and out-of-control (OC) performance properties of the new chart are compared with some other existing EWMA-type charts. Our simulation results show that the IC run length distribution of the proposed chart is similar to that of a geometric distribution, and it provides quite a robust and satisfactory overall performance for detecting a wide range of shifts in the process mean and/or variability.

Preliminary Research of Electric Power Planning System Based on “Regional Multi-Energy Body”

“Regional Multi-Energy Body” refers to an entity which is made up of the main body of energy supply, energy transmission and energy consumption. And “Regional Multi-Energy Body” is a concrete way to realize the optimized configuration of power supply, power grid and load. Influenced by many factors, the situation of electric power planning in China shows a trend of out of control and ineffective. This paper attempts to introduce “Regional Multi-Energy Body” into the electric power planning, aiming at improving the power planning work system.

Case study: statistical monitoring for the moisture content of the cut tobacco

The moisture content of cut tobacco in Tobacco industry affects directly the quality of tobacco. To prevent the abnormal changes of the moisture content of cut tobacco, effective surveillance systems would be extremely helpful to give out-of-control (OC) signals as quickly as possible. The conventional statistical process control charts are not suitable to use due to complex structures, such as semiparametric trend, within-batch correlation in the moisture content data. In this paper, we propose a four-step procedure in which Semiparametric longitudinal model, time series analysis methods and normal transformation methods are utilized to eliminate the impact of the complex structures. And our procedure is demonstrated using the moisture content data of cut tobacco at the outlet (MCCTO) collected in Shanghai tobacco group co., LTD of China. The results show that our procedure is effective in detecting the abnormal changes of the MCCTO data.

Using the dual control model to understand problematic sexual behaviors in men

Summary A strong sexual response in men is associated to a variety of sexual behaviors that can result in severe consequences, like hypersexuality, sexual risk-taking, and sexual coercion. However, considering a sexual response as an “out of control” impulse fails to take into account regulation and inhibition factors involved in these types of behaviors. The Dual Control model proposes that the strength of the sexual response depends on the balance between excitation and inhibitory systems. The goal of the present review is to demonstrate the usefulness of this model in understanding problematic sexual behaviors in both heterosexual and homosexual men. Empirical studies identify three main processes associated to the three control systems of this model: a sexual response that is too strong, a lack of inhibition of this response, and inhibition provoked by the preoccupation of sexual performance. Clinicians as well as researchers should thus consider excitation and inhibition factors when treating and conducting research on problematic sexual behaviors.

Le modèle du double contrôle dans la compréhension des comportements sexuels problématiques chez les hommes

A strong sexual response in men is associated to a variety of sexual behaviors that can result in severe consequences, like hypersexuality, sexual risk-taking, and sexual coercion. However, considering a sexual response as an “out of control” impulse fails to take into account regulation and inhibition factors involved in these types of behaviors. The Dual Control model proposes that the strength of the sexual response depends on the balance between excitation and inhibitory systems. The goal of the present review is to demonstrate the usefulness of this model in understanding problematic sexual behaviors in both heterosexual and homosexual men. Empirical studies identify three main processes associated to the three control systems of this model: a sexual response that is too strong, a lack of inhibition of this response, and inhibition provoked by the preoccupation of sexual performance. Clinicians as well as researchers should thus consider excitation and inhibition factors when treating and conducting research on problematic sexual behaviors.

Behind Bars: The Truth about Drugs in Prisons

The consumption and dealing of drugs has long been a criminal offence, so how are drugs finding their way into prisons that are meant to be secure places of law enforcement? To be able to confront the problem, an in-depth understanding is needed on the current situation of drugs within prisons. This review focuses on three aspects, firstly looking at the main ways drugs are trafficked into prisons, secondly looking at the issues linked to the use of drugs within prisons and finally evaluating what is being done to try to tackle the problem. Drugs find their way into prisons in numerous ways, which causes problems for the prison system. Prison officials need to be able to keep up with the creative and inventive ways inmates are developing to traffic drugs into prisons. A third of prisoners in England and Wales claimed it was easier to get hold of drugs in prison than it was outside. This undermines prison security and creates problems with violence together being linked with reoffending. Two in five prisoners in England and Wales are known to commit offences in order to get funds to purchase drugs. Health risks are created by inmates sharing syringes, leading to the transmission of infectious diseases. This in turn causes the costs of treatments and detection methods to spiral out of control. Governments are constantly trying to proactively find ways to tackle drugs in prison; these include the use of sniffer dogs and employing more thorough searches by staff. But more needs to be done to eradicate drugs completely.

'Luck, chance, and happenstance? Perceptions of success and failure amongst fixed-term academic staff in UK higher education'.

What does it mean to attribute success to 'luck', but failure to personal deficiency? In 2015/16, more than 34 per cent of academic employees in UK higher education institutions were employed on temporary contracts, and the sector itself has undergone a substantial transformation in recent years in terms of expansion, measurement, and marketization. Based on two waves of interviews conducted with fixed-term academic employees at different career stages, the article explores the narrativization of success and failure amongst staff working at the 'sharp end' of the so-called neoliberal academy. Arguing that precarious employment situations precipitate the feeling of being 'out of control', the majority of the participants' narratives were characterized by a distinct lack of agency. The paper explores the recourse to notions of chance and the consolidation of 'luck' as an explanatory factor in accounting for why good things happen; however, in tandem with this inclination is the tendency to individualize failure when expectations have been thwarted. While accounts of fixed-term work are suffused with notions of chance and fortune, 'luck' remains an under-researched concept within sociology. The article thus concludes by considering what the analysis of 'luck' might offer for a fuller, politicized understanding of processes at work in the contemporary academy.

A Nonparametric Adaptive Sampling Strategy for Online Monitoring of Big Data Streams

ABSTRACTWith the rapid advancement of sensor technology, a huge amount of data is generated in various applications, which poses new and unique challenges for statistical process control (SPC). In this article, we propose a nonparametric adaptive sampling (NAS) strategy to online monitor nonnormal big data streams in the context of limited resources, where only a subset of observations are available at each acquisition time. In particular, this proposed method integrates a rank-based CUSUM scheme and an innovative idea that corrects the anti-rank statistics with partial observations, which can effectively detect a wide range of possible mean shifts when data streams are exchangeable and follow arbitrary distributions. Two theoretical properties on the sampling layout of the proposed NAS algorithm are investigated when the process is in control and out of control. Both simulations and case studies are conducted under different scenarios to illustrate and evaluate the performance of the proposed method. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.

3-D Printed Guns: A Developing Technology with Dangerous Potential

As an up-and-coming technology, the full potential of 3-D printing has yet to be realized, and its movement toward at-home consumers may cause problems that still remain undiscovered. Paired with the inconsistencies between various state and federal laws, the continued development of 3-D printed weapons could pose a major threat to our nation’s security. Left untouched, current trends could allow for the issue of untraceable weapons to spiral out of control and beyond repair. 3-D printing is undoubtedly one of the world’s most revolutionary technologies, but it could become one of the world’s most dangerous if left without limits.