Otto Von Research Articles

Medical treatment of miscarriage using misoprostol—a retrospective study

PurposeThe treatment of early miscarriage with medication is effective and low in side effects. Nevertheless, no uniform dosage regimen has yet been established, nor has it been possible to determine whether previous pregnancies and births with their respective modes of delivery play a role in the effectiveness of Misoprostol. This study aimed to find predictive parameters for successful treatment with Misoprostol in early miscarriage.MethodsIn a retrospective study at the Otto von Guericke University Women’s Hospital, records of patients with early miscarriage and medical treatment using Misoprostol from 2018 to 2021 were reviewed for this purpose. The need for a curettage subsequent to treatment was scored as a parameter of failure. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Science Version 28.0. The significance level was set to 0.050.ResultsWe found that successful therapy with misoprostol was seen in 86% (n = 114). 14% (n = 20) of the patients had curettage after taking Misoprostol as advised. Out of 134 women, 16% (n = 21) reported mild side effects, with nausea as the leading one (9.2% (n = 12)). Significance was found comparing the measurement of double endometrial stripe thickness after the second cycle of Misoprostol in women with and without curettage after medical treatment (exact value two-sided 0.035 at p < 0.05). A cutoff value at 8.8 mm was calculated using ROC Analysis.ConclusionsOur results indicate that the treatment of early miscarriage in the first trimester with Misoprostol is effective and has few side effects. The measurement of the endometrial stripe thickness after the second cycle of Misoprostol via transvaginal ultrasound could present a predictive marker during therapy.

Das iberische Werk von Otto Denk, Historiker der mittelalterlichen katalanischen Literatur im 19. Jahrhundert

The author of the first German-language history of Catalan literature, Otto Denk (pseud. Otto von Schaching, 1845–1918), has remained an unknown figure in German Catalan studies despite his pioneering historiographical work. The Iberian Peninsula is only one of the many aspects of the Bavarian polygraph’s large oeuvre. His literary and historiographical texts relating to Spain and Catalonia are briefly reviewed in this miscellany on the history of Catalan studies and the main features of his 1893 history of Catalan literature are presented.

The Apse of the Gothic Cathedral of Tortosa versus Augustine of Hippo’s Civitate Dei

This research delves into the influence of St. Augustine on the construction of the Gothic cathedral of Tortosa. The canonical cathedral of Tortosa underwent re-establishment in 1155, which was carried out by Bishop Godfrey who was the abbot of Saint Rufus of Avignon and was governed by Beati Augustini rule. The presence of St. Augustine in the Capitular archives with De Civitate Dei (ACTo-20) from the XII century is examined. This, coupled with a spatial analysis of the liturgical space using laser scanning (TLS), serves to validate the historiographical thesis put forth by Wilhelm Worringer, Erwin Panofsky, and Otto von Simson for understanding the construction of the apse of the Gothic cathedral (1346–1441). This methodology establishes a bijection between patristic and Neoplatonic sources and the interpretation of the liturgical space’s dimensions using statistical systems. This approach addresses the construction of the apse through the incorporation of a heptagon, a geometric figure that is absent in Euclid’s Elementa and Ptolemy’s Almagest. In conclusion, it is determined that both the imagery and metrics employed in the design of a radial heptagonal apse, as well as its cross-section, are influenced by both St. Augustine and the metrics of the Neoplatonics, which remain present in the Chapter Archives.

Educational Policy and Activities of East India Company (1600-1765)

Abstract: The 19th century witnessed a profound transformation in the political landscape of many regions, characterized by the rise of nationalism and the subsequent formation of nation-states. This research work delves into the historical context, key drivers, and consequences of this significant historical phenomenon. The research offers light on a crucial time in global history by investigating the causes of nationalism and its effects on the formation of nation-states. Employing a multidisciplinary approach, the research draws from historical, political, and sociocultural perspectives to analyze the rise of nationalism. It delves at how many peoples inside established empires and territories felt a feeling of commonality due to their shared cultural, linguistic, and historical identities. The work delves into the influence of Enlightenment ideas, Romanticism, and intellectual movements that fueled the concept of self-determination and the sovereignty of distinct nations. The study also scrutinizes the role of key historical events and figures that catalyzed the nationalist fervor. From the unification of Italy led by Giuseppe Garibaldi to the German unification orchestrated by Otto von Bismarck, the work examines the strategies employed to consolidate fragmented territories into cohesive nation-states. It also considers the implications of these transformations on regional stability, diplomacy, and balance of power. Furthermore, the research investigates the potential tensions arising from the juxtaposition of national identities and existing imperial structures. It delves into instances where nationalism clashed with multiethnic empires, often leading to complex negotiations of autonomy, self-governance, or secession.

RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS IN THE CONCEPT OF THE FUTURE SOCIETY IN THE GERMAN SOCIAL DEMOCRACY AT THE END OF THE 19THAND BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURIES

Based on the analysis of the works of the classics of Marxism, the works of theorists and historians of German social democracy, articles by priests of the Catholic Church and representatives of Christian socialism in Germany at the end of the 19th century, theorists of anarcho-syndicalism, Russian and foreign researchers of German social democracy and the labor question, an attempt is shown to a departure from the orthodox Marxist policy of the German Social Democracy of the late 19th-early 20th century regarding religion, the church, religious organizations and believers towards a more pragmatic party policy aimed at attracting faithful Catholic workers into their ranks. In German Social Democracy, after the repeal of the law against the Socialists, which fell as a result of joint political actions against the policy of the government of Otto von Bismarck, a coalition of opposition bourgeois and clerical parties, the restoration of existing voting rights, in the interests of growing party ranks and strengthening the influence of the Social Democrats in local Landtag and the Reichstag, created the opportunity to propagate socialist ideas among the workers, who were under the strong influence of the church. The question arose: what kind of party policy should be pursued in the future with regard to believers so that this does not contradict the program of the party and does not reduce the quality of its party ranks. These questions served as the subject of discussion in the party and led to the subsequent adjustment of its party program, the exclusion from it of the provision on the reactionary nature of all other classes of society, except for the proletariat. The problem was to develop such a policy of the party towards the church and believers that it would not contradict the basic Marxist postulates on this issue and at the same time would not interfere with the attraction of believers to the party, especially from rural areas that were under the strong influence of the clergy.

Impact of Britishs East India Company on Indian Education Policy

Abstract: The 19th century witnessed a profound transformation in the political landscape of many regions, characterized by the rise of nationalism and the subsequent formation of nation-states. This research work delves into the historical context, key drivers, and consequences of this significant historical phenomenon. The research offers light on a crucial time in global history by investigating the causes of nationalism and its effects on the formation of nation-state.Employing a multidisciplinary approach, the research draws from historical, political, and sociocultural perspectives to analyze the rise of nationalism. It delves at how many peoples inside established empires and territories felt a feeling of commonality due to their shared cultural, linguistic, and historical identities. The work delves into the influence of Enlightenment ideas, Romanticism, and intellectual movements that fueled the concept of self-determination and the sovereignty of distinct nations. The study also scrutinizes the role of key historical events and figures that catalyzed the nationalist fervor. From the unification of Italy led by Giuseppe Garibaldi to the German unification orchestrated by Otto von Bismarck, the work examines the strategies employed to consolidate fragmented territories into cohesive nation-states. It also considers the implications of these transformations on regional stability, diplomacy, and balance of power.

VersKiK qualitative study design: actual follow-up needs of paediatric cancer survivors, their informal caregivers and follow-up stakeholder perceptions in Germany

IntroductionThis article presents the study design of the qualitative part of the VersKiK study (Long-term care, care needs and wellbeing of individuals after cancer in childhood or adolescence: study protocol...

The Regulations for the Formation of the Association of Owners and Residents of Flat Units (PPPSRS) Create Justice

The formation of the Association of Owners and Residents of Flats Unit (PPPSRS) has an important role in encouraging a fair and equitable legal mechanism for Owners and Residents of Flats Units. However, in terms of the formation of the Association of Owners and Residents of Flats Unit (PPPSRS), the implementation of Law No. 20 of 2011 concerning Flats is still not optimal, as evidenced by the rampant conflict between owners and residents of flats with developers caused by developer interference in terms of formation and decisions made by the PPPSRS dispatcher. The weak supervision of apartment developers makes it freer to master the management of flats where it has been regulated that developers manage temporary flats, which is a maximum of 1 (one) year starting from the handover of apartment units. The research method used in writing this dissertation is the normative juridical research method, which is research that focuses and examines the application of rules and norms in positive law. Using the theory of Justice by John Rawls as the grand theory, the Organ Theory by Otto von Gierke as the middle range theory and the theory of Agreement by Subekti as the applied theory. The results showed that the implementation of the agreement between the owners and residents of the current apartment units in practice is not in accordance with what is regulated in Law No. 20 of 2011 concerning Flats because each interprets a rule based on its importance. as stipulated in Article 59. The transition period is calculated from where the handover is first, because many have received units for more than 5 (five) years, however, PPPSRS has not yet been formed due to the reluctance of developers to facilitate the formation of PPPSRS. For this reason, the author suggests that the government needs to be present to overcome the problems in the Agreement of the Association of Owners and Residents of Flats Unit (PPPSRS) both in its formation and implementation, so that a special institution is needed under the Minister of Public Works and Public Housing which oversees PPPSRS called the Flats Protection and Supervision Agency (BPPRS). For this reason, it is necessary to change the construction of Article 5 paragraph (2) of Law No. 20 of 2011 concerning Flats which stipulates the Flats Protection and Supervision Agency (BPPRS) as the Government representative responsible for the implementation of Flats.

Political Alchemy: Bismarck's Brew of Alliances and Policies in the Late 19th Century

This research explores Otto von Bismarck's multifaceted political journey from 1871 to 1890, focusing on his alliance with the "National Liberals," economic policies, and the failed Kulturkampf. Bismarck's shift towards conservative parties in 1878, marked by economic reforms and resistance against emerging social democracy, reveals the complex interplay of political forces. The study also delves into Bismarck's fervent anti-socialist stance and the subsequent ban on the Social Democratic Party in 1878, leading to the adoption of social laws. The paper examines Bismarck's failed attempts to garner worker support and the political consequences of the 1890 elections. Additionally, the research evaluates Bismarck's diplomatic successes in foreign policy, including the Three Emperors' League (1872), the Dual Alliance (1879), and the Triple Alliance (1882). Bismarck's intricate web of alliances and diplomatic finesse are explored, culminating in his resignation in 1890 amid conflicts with Emperor William II, leaving Europe in need of diplomatic stability.

Personality and Political Activity of Otto von Bismarck Through the Eyes of the Russian Political Elite during the second half of the 19th century

The attention towards the figure of Bismarck, known as the "Iron Chancellor" was connected with the fact that when he was in the highest positions of the government the relations between the Russian Empire and Germany were developing along very dramatic lines. Bismarck was one of the very few state officials who respected the Russian Empire and considered it as one of the most important participants in the European political game. According to his understanding, the views of the Russian political elite were very important to the governments of every European country. Taking into consideration these circumstances, it is important to trace the different aspects of the public opinion of the Russian political and intellectual elite which were expressed in the documents of the second half of the 19th century.

Divided Devotion: A Historical Exploration of Bismarck's Kulturkampf and its Impact on German Society

This study examines the Kulturkampf, a major 19th-century German event in which Otto von Bismarck fought to limit Catholic influence in politics. Catholicism remained a powerful influence in German society despite Bismarck's efforts, posing a difficult challenge to the mid-1800s political scene. Start with the Kulturkampf, the Catholic Church's fight to adapt to liberal ideals, democracy, nationalism, socialism, and the industrial revolution. Liberal Catholicism's answer to modernity is analyzed, focusing on Ignaz von Dollinger, who strove to reconcile faith with intellectual currents. The paper discusses the First Vatican Council in 1870, which introduced papal infallibility, and liberal Catholicism's downfall. Germany is highlighted because Catholicism suffered ideological struggles and gained academic support as a secular, Protestant-influenced religion. Bismarck's Catholicism onslaught from 1853-54 to the Kulturkampf of the 1870s is examined. Bismarck's fears of Catholic violence and a Catholic plot are examined in the study. The issue deepened in 1873 when the May Laws sought state control over the Catholic Church. The Prussian bishops' resistance to the May Laws led to incarceration, penalties, and institution closures. Bismarck's authoritarianism failed to suppress Catholicism despite overwhelming opposition. Conclusions highlight the Kulturkampf legislation' impact on church-state relations and the reduction of anti-Catholic measures. This paper analyzes historical events to reveal Bismarck's political maneuvers, the Catholic Church's struggles, and the Kulturkampf's lasting effects on 19th-century Germany's religious and political landscape.

Appetizers in development economics

First paragraph: In Edible Economics, South Korean development economist Ha-Joon Chang argues against the neoliberal philosophy that “has normalized self-serving behavior” (p. xxii). He contends that the discipline of economics is a determinant factor in idea creation and in the organization of our lives, and therefore it is useful to understand how economic theory translates into reality. He also believes that a broad understanding of economics can help “make our society a better place to live for us and the coming generations” (p. xxiv). Food, the author admits, does not fit seamlessly into this objective and is instead a device to reel in the attention of the reader before expanding on development economic theory. The marriage between personal food stories and economics can sometimes feel disjointed; the reader may wonder how a chapter beginning with the history of rye leads to Otto von Bismarck’s establishment of the welfare state. But, with Chang’s palpable gregariousness, love of food, and general self-awareness, his essays succeed in making economics more “edible.” . . .

ОТТО ФОН БИСМАРК И ЕГО ВОСПРИЯТИЕ РОССИИ В ГОДЫ ДИПЛОМАТИЧЕСКОЙ МИССИИ В САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГЕ В 1850-Х ГГ.

The article deals with the problem of knowledge of the Russian language and its influence on the perception of Russia by the German statesman Otto von Bismarck. Acting in 1859-1862 as Prussian envoy in Petersburg, Bismarck studied Russian. The degree of his language proficiency remains, however, to this day a debatable topic, and the question of how knowledge of the language influenced the image of Russia in the worldview of the "Iron Chancellor" has not yet been raised in the research literature at all. The author used Russian and German sources, including the memoirs of contemporaries and the statements of Bismarck himself. The conclusion is that Bismarck's knowledge of the Russian language was limited to a relatively narrow framework necessary for everyday communication and reading the socio-political press. The idea that this knowledge was explained by the sympathies of the "Iron Chancellor" for Russia or gave rise to such sympathies is not true. The ability to read the Russian press and communicate with representatives of the Russian common people had little general effect on Bismarck's ideas about Russia. His image of Russia by and large corresponded to the images and stereotypes common in Western Europe in the middle of the 19th century.

Stereotyp(y) Niemca/Niemiec w historiografii polskiej w latach 1945–1956

The stereotype(s) of Germans/Germany in Polish historiography in 1945–1956 Ethic stereotypes are frequently studied, although mainly by sociologists and psychologists. They are a form of social awareness usually examined in the context of large groups – societies, nations, less often social strata. In the present paper the research field has been limited to the stereotypes of Germans and Germany in Polish historiography from 1945–1956. It is an important period, because, given the dramatic situation of the war and German terror, we might expect a rise in anti-German prejudice at the time. Surprisingly, most historians from the period referred to anti-German stereotypes quite rarely and in a rather conventional manner. Very few scholars made stereotypes a category controlling their research conclusions. Ethnic generalisations included the unchanging nature of the Germans throughout history, their expansiveness, cruelty, hatred of Slavs and Poles, greed and hypocrisy, obedience to authority. A symbolic place was occupied by the Teutonic Knights and Prussians, and among individuals — by Frederick II and Otto von Bismarck. The situation changed in 1950, when the ethnic stereotypes were replaced with references to historical materialism. A vast majority of Polish historians did not accept this change in the context of German studies.

DEM/CFD Simulation in Process Engineering

Thermal and chemical treatment of bulk solids and particle systems is a basic unit operation in many industrial sectors. The purpose of the treatment can be either to achieve well-defined product properties or to use solids in gasification processes to produce syngas, synthetic fuels, or to recycle waste products. Typical examples are the calcination of minerals as dolomite or magnesite in the basic materials industry, the direct iron ore reduction with hydrogen in steel industry, coffee bean roasting in the food processing industry, or catalytic reactors and fluidized bed spray coating of tablets in the chemical and medical industries, respectively. Many of these processes are operated at high temperatures and are, therefore, energy-intensive and often associated with high CO2 emissions; a careful layout of the systems is needed. Furthermore, target properties of the solids must be achieved concerning reactivity, specific surface area, calcination or roasting degree, etc. To meet all these challenges and requirements, a detailed knowledge of the underlying physical and chemical processes is needed for predictive design. Fundamental studies are first necessary to understand the properties of particulate flows, e.g., regarding turbulence modulation, collisions between particles and/or with surfaces, and particle dispersion, before going toward practical applications. Typical systems are highly loaded with particles, often passed by a reactive gas flow, and are operated at high temperatures. Therefore, measurements are very challenging in such systems. Hence, appropriate simulation methods are needed to support system and reactor layout. Such a method combines the discrete element method (DEM) with computational fluid dynamics (CFD). DEM/CFD allows to track individual particles and their interactions with other particles, surrounding walls, and the gas phase in-between the particles. Conversion of the particles including intra-particle processes can be described as well as size change or development of adhesive forces associated with the thermal treatment. The current focus issue of Chemical Engineering & Technology entitled “DEM/CFD Simulation in Process Engineering” gives a status on the description of particulate flows with a focus on reactive particle-gas systems using DEM/CFD and presents illustrative examples of its application. A review article on DEM/CFD for reacting systems sets the frame for the further contributions that concentrate on fundamental aspects, specific examples, and important methodological developments. Examples presented are shaft kilns (production of quicklime/production of spinel), waste incineration, combustion of wood pellets, and carbonate looping processes. Novel trends as the usage of machine learning in combination with DEM/CFD, the combination of resolved and unresolved DEM/CFD in one simulation domain, and new approaches regarding the immersed boundary method to describe particle-gas systems are presented. The contributions do not claim to cover all relevant aspects needed for DEM/CFD simulations of reactive particle-gas systems but can be seen as a first overview and starting point for interested readers. This focus issue and the corresponding workshop at the Conference on Modelling Fluid Flow in Budapest 2022 have been organized by the Collaborative Research Centre BULK-REACTION financed by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Project-ID 422037413 – TRR 287. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Viktor Scherer Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Energy Plant Technology Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dominique Thévenin Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, The Laboratory of Fluid Dynamics and Technical Flows Viktor Scherer Dominique Thévenin

Legal Pluralism from History to Theory and Back: Otto von Gierke, Santi Romano, and Francesco Calasso on Medieval Institutions

AbstractThis paper considers the historical contexts in which theories of legal pluralism grew and developed between the final third of the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century. Theories of the state as a pluralistic system, as opposed to the absolute supremacy of state-made law, were the focus of German legal historical scholarship in the late nineteenth century, represented by the towering figure of Otto von Gierke. Gierke's image of a pluralist German Middle Ages largely influenced legal scholarship in Europe, even affecting the Italian scholar Santi Romano, whose book on the “legal order” has been considered a milestone in the construction of pluralist legal theories. Once passed from a legal historian like Gierke to a theorist like Romano, the model of a pluralist legal order returned to legal historiography, inspiring the innovative historical interpretation of medieval law proposed by Francesco Calasso. Gierke was a conservative, right-wing socialist, and Romano was a fascist and counselor of the fascist Italian government. Calasso, on the contrary, was a liberal opponent of the fascist regime. The three versions of legal pluralism, then, decline the same basic vision in three different ways, being influenced by the political contexts in which the three authors operated.

Messy episodes: Indigenous countersigns in Ludwig Choris’s diary and ethnographic portraits of Aleut, Kamchadal and Chukchi (1822)

ABSTRACT Examining Ludwig York Choris’s diary, which was first published in 1999, and representations of Aleut, Kamchadal, and Chukchi people in his Voyage pittoresque autour du monde (Paris 1822), my article discusses methods of aesthetic and scientific visualization in an early nineteenth-century research expedition. The album was the outcome of Choris’s participation in the Russian circumnavigation of the globe (1815–1818) and is an invaluable ethnographic record of Indigenous cultures in the North Pacific. I use the concept of ‘Indigenous countersigns’ (Douglas 2014) to investigate whether Aleut, Kamchadal, and Chukchi presence is inscribed in this little studied European work on Indigenous peoples and in Choris’s private journal. Going beyond the common binary of ‘us’ and ‘the others’, I discuss how Indigenous presence is still traceable in his texts. Further questions addressed concern the illustrations’ intended purpose and the influence of the contact zone wherein Choris and the Indigenous actors had to meet for the drawings to be made in the first place. This analysis is supplemented with unpublished letters of Choris to Adelbert von Chamisso, another member of the Russian circumnavigation, which can be found in the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – Preussischer Kulturbesitz, and passages of Otto von Kotzebue’s official expedition report (1821). References are made to around thirty, hitherto unknown watercolours by Choris, which are part of the Beinecke Collection, Yale.

Соотношение семантики (типология семантики) производных основ, образованных аффиксами -hыт и -ааччы в якутском языке

Affixal word formation and term formation is one of the relevant areas being developed in Yakut linguistics. Starting with the fundamental work by Otto von Bohtlingk “On the Yakut language”, a study of the Yakut word-formation system was conducted in the grammatical works of V.V. Radlov, S.V. Yastremsky, N.N. Poppe, A.E. Kulakovsky, A.A. Ivanov-Kyund, P.A. Oyunsky, N.S. Grigoriev, L.N. Kharitonov, N.K. Antonova, E.I. Ubryatova, P.A. Sleptsova, E.I. Okoneshnikova, V.I. Bygova, I.B. Ivanova, etc. Affix –hyt in the Yakut language is a fairly used word-formation form, which denotes a person or figure for whom this subject (concept) represents the object of their occupation or profession, or constitutes their special inclination, skill, dexterity, predilection. The affix –aachchi in the Yakut language is also a living productive participial-nominal affix, which: firstly, denotes an actor or an actor; secondly, it functions as a participle and a finite verb form that has the meaning of a commonly performed action. The first affix forms nouns from nominal bases, and the second affix forms nouns from verbal bases. These derived bases, when formed from an unambiguous basis, express nouns denoting an actor or figure, which are close-valued and synonymous. For example, suruksut from suruk ‘letter’ – ‘able to write, scribe, clerk’; suruyaachchy from suruy ‘write’ – ‘able to write usually, writer’: tyylbaaschyt from tylbaas ‘translation’ – ‘translator’: tylbaastaachchy from tylbaastaa ‘translate, translate’ –‘translator. This article is devoted to the analysis of the nature of this phenomenon, i.e., the synonymy of names formed by affixes on –hyt and –aachchy from verbs and verbal names ascending to the same verb-nominal derivative root basis. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the main difference between words formed by the affix –hyt from names and the affix –aachchy from these nameless verbs is that names with the affix -hyt express the subject of action from the professional side (skillful possession of quality, activity, ability, inclination, etc.), i.e. the object of which is the given object, and the names with the affix -aachchy call (show) the names simply as subjects of this (given) action.

Czy Otto von Wächter był inicjatorem aresztowania profesorów w Krakowie 6 listopada 1939 roku? Nowe ustalenia na podstawie analizy nieznanych do tej pory dokumentów

Was Ottovon Wächter the Instigator of the Arrest Of Kraków's Scholars on 6 November 1939? New Conclusions Based on Previously Unknown Documents It is still unclear, who instigated the arrest of scholars at the Jagiellonian University and the Mining Academy, which occurred in Kraków on 6 November 1939 – two months after the beginning of German occupation of Poland. SS-Sturmbannführer Bruno Müller, the head of task force of German Security Police and Security Service (Einsatzkommando 2/I), who commanded this operation, had been definitely carrying out an order issued by his superiors. The content of this order and the identity of the person who issued it, remain unknown. Some new findings from the German Federal Military Archive in Freiburg im Breisgau let us suppose that the instigator of the arrest of scholars in Kraków was Otto von Wächter, who at that time was the governor of Kraków district, the highest representative of the German occupation authorities in the city, before Hans Frank, the head of the General Government, moved to Kraków on 7 November.

Осмысление концепции культурной войны в сербской культурологи, философии культуры и литературе

The theme of culture wars connected with the preserving of national identity and mentality’s especially actual for Serbia which applies for the role of the bridge between West and East. The term of culture war was coined by R. Virchow for the definition of German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck’s struggle against the catholic clergy. After the use of the notion by the sociologist J. Hunter and politician P. Buchahan the concept gained an unusual popularity among the researches. The origins of the Serbian culture wars are connected to the fight for national independency and either the Russian or the Western mainly to Habsburg Empire orientation. The J. Raich’s Catechism’s viewed as one of the important victories in culture war. These wars are understood as a violent conflict between the carriers of opposing ideas, definitions and representations within a single cultural pattern or between the representatives of such different ones. In the radical conflicts the “killer identity” (Amin Maalouf) is born. The culture wars often precede the real ones which destroy the culture. The National Revival inspired by the spiritual leader of the First Serbian insurrection Dosifey Obradovic, the unsuccessful attempt to introduce a single Serbo-Croatian language, the Yugoslav model, created in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, later Yugoslavia in the transition period, the communist stage associated with changes in society after the Second World War, the denial of national tradition and open hatred for the Serbian one as such, the period after 2000, marked by abuses of privatization, the ruin of the economy, the uncritical definition of Serbia as the Western Balkans, the euphemistic understanding of the period as a transition to democracy, covering the restoration of neoliberal capitalism and sabotage of the “democratic authorities” of the serious study of national culture, the war over the school curriculum of teaching history, language and literature, challenging the value of outstanding literary works as well as the values of national identity are considered as milestones of the culture was in Serbia. The participants of the culture wars are divided into globalists oriented to the West and the traditionalists or the conservatives, who tries not only to develop a concept of Serbian national identity, but also to maintain it. K. Atanasievich and V. Dvornikovich have contributed greatly to its development. The paper highlights a negative impact of pro-Western elites not only on national identity, but also on the country`s future. The consolidation of society around Patriarch Pavel showed the relevance of Orthodoxy, as well as of Kosovo and Metohija, for the Serbian national identity. The planned Euro-pride in Belgrade is perceived as a threat to the latter. Another threat is the canonization of the Quisling Croatian bishop Alozij Stepinets and the presentation of the Ustashe children's camps Sisak and Yastrebarsko as sanatoriums for the “treatment” of Serbian orphans. A developed concept of national identity is therefore needed to win the culture war.