Political Alchemy: Bismarck's Brew of Alliances and Policies in the Late 19th Century

Abstract

This research explores Otto von Bismarck's multifaceted political journey from 1871 to 1890, focusing on his alliance with the "National Liberals," economic policies, and the failed Kulturkampf. Bismarck's shift towards conservative parties in 1878, marked by economic reforms and resistance against emerging social democracy, reveals the complex interplay of political forces. The study also delves into Bismarck's fervent anti-socialist stance and the subsequent ban on the Social Democratic Party in 1878, leading to the adoption of social laws. The paper examines Bismarck's failed attempts to garner worker support and the political consequences of the 1890 elections. Additionally, the research evaluates Bismarck's diplomatic successes in foreign policy, including the Three Emperors' League (1872), the Dual Alliance (1879), and the Triple Alliance (1882). Bismarck's intricate web of alliances and diplomatic finesse are explored, culminating in his resignation in 1890 amid conflicts with Emperor William II, leaving Europe in need of diplomatic stability.