Oslo Manual Research Articles

University – Industry Collaboration and Innovativeness of Firms

Knowledge driven economies have been recognized as the next frontier in developing and developed world. Universities are important institutions in the creation, dissemination, growth and preservation of knowledge from all sectors. This paper aims to provide an analysis and contribute to the discourse on the effect of University – Industry interaction on firms’ innovative performance. Firm innovativeness is hereby measured as the degree of use or implementation of new or significantly improved method of production (Process Innovation); novelty of product (Product Innovation); and implementation of new organizational methods in the firms’ business practices (Organizational Innovation). This study draws from data obtained from the Kenya Innovation Survey (2012) based on the Oslo Manual (which provides the guidelines on the methods and questions to be included in innovation surveys) and it was designed to measure the innovation activity based on a set of core indicators to inform policies that will help the country configure the national system of innovation in order to respond to socio-economic challenges. The analysis of the results is based on a sample of 296 enterprises located in Kenya which were randomly selected by ISIC sector from an entire sampling frame. A total of 194 firms were selected in Nairobi and its environs while 102 firms were selected upcountry as follows: Mombasa (25 firms), Kisumu (25 firms), Eldoret (24 firms) and Nakuru (25 firms). The results of this study indicate that universities are an important knowledge partner for firms to develop innovations. Most of the sectors indicate that the interaction between them and the universities has significant effect on product as well as process innovations.

Marcas Inovadoras: Como os Consumidores Percebem a Inovação.

A percepo da inovao e das marcas inovadoras pode ser diferencial para o desenvolvimento e sobrevivncia de muitos negcios. O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar como a inovao impacta a percepo de marca de consumidores brasileiros, alm de identificar as marcas consideradas inovadoras na indstria de alimentos e bebidas e quais as caractersticas dessas marcas. Um total de 369 respondentes colaboraram com a pesquisa, oferecendo 1255 caractersticas que, por meio da anlise de contedo, foram agrupadas em 10 categorias: Empreendedorismo; Marketing e Comunicao; Mix de Produtos; Praticidade e Funcionalidade; Embalagem e Design; Relacionamento com consumidor; Gesto; Sustentabilidade Socioambiental; Tecnologia e Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (PD); e Novidade + Experincia Nova. Os resultados encontrados foram comparados a trabalhos que abordavam o tema inovao como Domingues (2008); Manual de Oslo (OECD, 2004); Tidd, Bessant e Pavitt (2008); Pleschak e Sabisch (1996) apud Guo e Yin (2014); e Schumpeter (1982, 1985, 2005). A anlise cruzada mostrou que, de maneira geral, as marcas inovadoras apresentam um processo de mistura, unio, ou Mix, entre as dez caractersticas, com nfase em trs: Empreendedorismo; Marketing e Comunicao; e Mix de Produtos. O estudo demonstrou que marcas consideradas inovadoras so criativas, confiveis e ousadas, apresentam aes de comunicao criativas e interessantes, so acessveis, prezam pela qualidade de seus produtos e procuram satisfazer desejos muitas vezes ainda desconhecidos pelos prprios consumidores.

Wpływ innowacji w sektorze usług na zmiany strukturalne w zatrudnieniu w Polsce

The purpose of this paper is to present the structural changes in employment in Poland, under the influence of innovations in the services sector. Analyses were carried out on the basis of statistical data from the Central Statistical Office, which uses a methodology recommended by the multiannual research program Community Innovation Survey (CIS) deriving from the international Oslo methodology (Oslo Manual). The analysis clearly shows that employment has been increasing in these parts of the service sector which have been applying innovations in the recent years. This is mainly true about the business services sector and the activities that use new technologies.

Research on the Grey-Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Model of Man-Machine Engineering In the Special Machine-Tool System

This paper firstly performs literature reviews on concepts, theories related to industry cluster and man-machine engineering of special machine-tool system in the research, finds the research method in this article and elaborates on it. Secondly, common elements and specific elements influencing man-machine engineering of special machine-tool system in machine-tool industry are summarized through the research and study of the innovation situation of Shenyang machine-tool city. Indices system for evaluating the man-machine engineering of special machine-tool system is built by referring to the framework for measuring enterprise's innovation in Oslo Manual. After that, questionnaire is designed based on the built index system and field research and in-depth interview are carried out to collect data needed. The method of ANP is used to measure the man-machine engineering of special machine-tool system in Shenyang machine-tool city, its evaluation value is obtained, the in-depth analysis of evaluation value is conducted using the evaluation criteria built to ultimately draw the following conclusions.

Port environmental management: Innovations in a Brazilian public port

The purpose of this article was to identify the innovations developed at the Port of Rio Grande, according to the dimensions of the Oslo Manual, related to environmental management in the period 2010–2012. It also analyzed whether the possible innovations developed by the port relate to the assessment requirements of environmental management, proposed by ANTAQ. For this, we used a type of qualitative content analysis, with in-depth interviews applied to a population of thirty port managers, and a quantitative study which sought to examine whether the innovations obtained are related to the assessment requirements of environmental management. As a result, 45 innovations were identified, these being classified according to the Oslo Manual in: 2 product innovations; 14 process innovations; 5 marketing innovations; and 24 organizational innovations. Considering the frequency of occurrence of innovations in the sector, the requirement of ANTAQ implementing the environmental agenda presented the highest number of innovations, mainly related to process innovations.

Sectoral System of Innovation and Sources of Technological Change in Machinery Industry: An Investigation on Turkish Machinery Industry1

Abstract Machinery industry is the main sector in investment product sector. Therefore it has an strategic importance. Turkish machinery industry must have a technology policy to achieve competitiveness on a global level. This study, focus on the sectors which can produce and transfer technology and knowledge. Thus it is based on the basis of the sectoral system of innovation which can produce industry specific technology. In this study according to innovation activities 250 different scale firms data were collected using a questionnaire prepared by the Oslo Manual. Data were analyzed. And the results obtained from the data used for researching the level of technological capabilities of the sectors. Finally the sector's position in new technological developments such as Industry 4.0 was evaluated.

Is newest always best? Firm-level evidence to challenge a focus on high-capability technological (product or process) innovation

ABSTRACTThis paper sets out to address a gap in the empirical literature on the importance of ‘low-capability’ innovation for firms. The study is framed around discussion of the conceptual bias that remains in policy and academic literature towards a narrow subset of technological (product or process) innovation labelled ‘high-capability’ innovation in this paper. The paper argues that this bias influences the public and business community's understanding of the term ‘innovation’ and has implications for innovation measurement, research, policy and strategy. The study uses data from an economy-wide, regional innovation survey based on the Oslo manual, and includes 648 innovative firms covering all industry sectors. The paper combines elements of both subject and object approaches to innovation measurement, using data from an open-ended survey question to explore the alignment between what firms report as their ‘most important innovation’ (MII) and firm capabilities for introducing ‘high-capability’ technological innovation. Results show that a substantial share of firms report an MII that is a ‘low-capability’ innovation, including those firms with high R&D intensity, those with novel technological innovation, and firms in more innovative sectors of manufacturing and knowledge intensive business services. The paper discusses the implications of this result for future innovation measurement and research.

Inovasi : Sebuah pengantar

Most world executives of major industries stated that innovation is one of their three top strategies. Even though this strategy costly, but higher return usually goes satisfactorily. This paper describes the benefit, barriers, consequences of the innovation strategy to disseminate the importance of this strategy for the stakeholder industry, especially in this globalization era. Keywords: invention, innovation, Oslo Manual, Innovation adoption, Innovation diffusion

Effects of Innovation Types on Performance of Manufacturing Firms in Turkey

The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of innovation types on the firm performance. This study was conducted on 197 manufacturing firms in İstanbul in Turkey. Factor analyses and multiple regression analyses were conducted to the data. The questions of the innovation types measure were determined by Günay (2007) from the typology of Oslo Manual (OECD, 2005). The author determined the questions of the firm performance measure based on the Balanced Scorecard approach. The product innovation, process innovation and organizational innovation have positive impacts on financial performance, customer performance, internal business processes performance and learning and growth performance. The marketing innovation has positive impacts on financial performance, customer performance, and internal business processes performance. However, the marketing innovation has a negative impact on learning and growth performance. The innovation type explains customer performance more than other dimensions of firm performance.

Prospective roles for Canadian oncology nurses in breast cancer rapid diagnostic clinics.

The introduction of rapid diagnostic clinics for breast cancer increases oncology nurses' (ONs) responsibility for patient education and coordination of multidisciplinary care. Developed as an outcome of the E-Mentorship Oncology Nursing Program, this paper proposes new roles for these nurses to respond effectively and competently to such diagnostic innovation. The Oslo Manual Conceptual Framework of Innovation inspired the idea of change in prospective ONs' roles, corroborated by the Canadian Association of Nurses in Oncology's Standards of Practice and Competencies. New roles for ONs that are informed by the domain of information dynamics and evidence-based care are proposed.

Finansowanie działalności innowacyjnej przedsiębiorstw według zasad Podręcznika Oslo i praktyki GUS

Principles concerning the collection and interpretation of data on the sources and barriers of financing the enterprise innovative activities determines the “Oslo Manual”, but its recommendations do not seem to coincide with the needs of users of statistical information. The unclosed classification and obstacles to funding innovative activity, that adversely affects the image of Polish official statistics, document these disparities. An example is a report on innovation in the industry (PNT-02) and the service sector (PNT-02/u). Attention was also paid to the inaccuracies found in the “Oslo Manual” regarding the classification and definition rules. Noticed irregularities were prerequisite to recommend other solutions, especially in the systematics of funding sources and barriers of innovation processes.

S2110106 イノベーションの定義を再考する

Nowadays "innovation" is a common word that is used in policy document, corporate slogan and so on. In the current definition of "innovation" in the Oslo Manual by OECD that is used as a standardized definition for international comparison, it is unclear what is considered to be "new or significantly improved" and then the concept of innovation is likely to be under-estimated. In this paper a new definition of innovation is proposed, based on analysis of the problems in its current definition.

Relationship between Innovation, Quality Practices and Firm Performance: A Study of Service Sector Firms in Pakistan

This study explains the relationship between innovations, quality practices and firm performance of service sector firms in Pakistan. The study discusses various types of innovation practices in the service sector based on the Oslo manual and then different types of quality practices based on the EFQM model for quality excellence. In this study a detailed questionnaire was developed to measure the relationship between innovations, quality practices and firm’s performance and data was collected from 157 service sector firms offering different types of services. The data was analyzed using different descriptive and inferential statistical techniques and reliability test, factor analysis, correlation analysis and regression analysis. The results show that innovations like organizational innovations have a positive relationship among management leadership, policy and strategy for quality then other innovation types while innovation results, employee results have a more positive relationship with process innovations and employee management techniques. Finally the study discusses the limitations and scope for future research in the area.

Índice de desempeño innovador en los subsectores industriales colombianos entre 1996 y 2005

<p>En diferentes países se han calculado índices a partir de encuestas de innovación bajo especificaciones planteadas desde el Manual de Oslo de la OCDE. No obstante, las características de la información existente en las realizadas en Colombia en los años 1996 y 2005 no permiten la comparabilidad directa de las variables. Esto llevó a proponer un nuevo índice de desempeño innovador de la industria basado en la metodología del índice de valor de importancia elativizado, utilizado en otros ámbitos como las clasificaciones etnobotánicas. Esta metodología, permite visualizar el fenómeno en los dos momentos de las encuestas realizadas en Colombia y se revela como una herramienta para relacionarlas. Se encontró que el desempeño innovador industrial en el año 1996 fue caracterizado principalmente por la innovación de mercado y organizacional, mientras que en 2005, su principal característica fue la innovación potencial.</p>

Innovation Generation and Leadership on Value Creation: The Case of Software Developer Sector in Guadalajara, MMxico

This document is a descriptive and correlational study that aims to discover and analyze the elements that characterize the Innovation Generation (IG) and leadership (LD) on Value Creation (VC) in the organizations. The methodology is based on the application of Oslo Manual Statements (2005) and other authors around IG, and the Manual Short Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ 5XLD) of Avolio & Bass, (2004), for discovering the predominant components about IG, and the LD type: Transformational (TRFL), Transactional (TRSL), Passive / Avoidant (PAVL) throughout the VC accomplishment. The final model, is described with 45 indicators for MLQ5xLD, 50 indicators for IG, and VC with 8 indicators, add up 103 indicators, with 36 dimensions and 9 variables. The final questionnaire was applied to 200 managers belonging to firms of the Software Developer Sector (SDS), as a study subject in Guadalajara City, Mexico (GCM). The study concluded with the discovery of TRSL (.213) as a predominant MLQ5XLD and Output Items.

La radicalité de l'innovation et ses déterminants. Le cas des entreprises agroalimentaires du Languedoc Roussillon

L’innovation est un concept largement utilisé, mais encore assez mal défini, malgré des tentatives de formalisation. Le Manuel d’Oslo constitue la référence en la matière, et la plupart des enquêtes d’innovation dans les entreprises sont élaborées à partir des prescriptions de cet ouvrage qui, comme la plupart des travaux, analyse l’innovation à travers la typologie classique, issue des travaux pionniers de Schumpeter, fondée sur la « nature » de l’innovation : produit, procédé, organisationnelle. Dans cet article, à partir d’une enquête réalisé auprès de 322 entreprises agro-alimentaires du Languedoc-Roussillon, nous élaborons une typologie qualitative des entreprises innovantes, en nous intéressant à la nature des innovations réalisées et en prenant en compte le degré de nouveauté de ces innovations. Nous distinguons ainsi les innovations « majeures » (nouveauté pour la filière, le marché ou la région), les innovations mineures (nouveautés pour l’entreprise) et les « modernisations » (amélioration de l’outil existant dans l’entreprise). Puis, nous comparons ces 3 types d’entreprises innovantes aux non innovantes et identifions les déterminants de l’innovation et les performances financières pour chacun d’entre eux. Ce travail permet de constater que le secteur, la taille de l’entreprise, son mode de gouvernance, ainsi que certaines caractéristiques du dirigeant sont des facteurs discriminants de la « radicalité » de l’innovation et de la propension à innover. Enfin, la radicalité de l’innovation semble avoir un impact sur la croissance du chiffre d’affaires.

Features of Innovative Applications in the Service Industry and Exploration of their Effect on Firm Efficiency

In today's economic and global environment, it has become imperative for organizations to compete and keep pace to the changing needs of customers. Enhancing the innovative ability, preserving a sustainable growth, and increasing profitability play a vital role for organizations. One of the best ways to illustrate innovation is to consider examples where strategy, innovation, growth and internationalization effectively coexist. Turkish Airlines case of Turkey is suggested to be an example to illustrate innovation, to analyze the structure elements and the effects of it on growth for the service industry. The purpose of this study is to investigate and evaluate the innovation practices of Turkish Airlines and its effect on growth. After elaboration of the innovative developments of Turkish Airlines within the framework of four classifications of Oslo Manual (2005), the financial data related with growth is evaluated, taking into consideration pre and post innovative activities.

LA PROTECCIÓN DE LA INNOVACIÓN EN LA OPINIÓN DE LOS COSTARRICENSES

Este artículo presenta los resultados más relevantes de un estudio de percepción sobre las ventajas y desventajas de proteger la propiedad intelectual y los efectos de registrar la propiedad de la innovación en las organizaciones, según las opiniones de los costarricenses. Asimismo, recopila algunas políticas viables para organizar la gestión económica de la transferencia y protección de la propiedad intelectual así como una tecnología económica y eficiente en la reproducción de capital como respuesta a los retos de la economía basada en el conocimiento, según investigaciones realizadas por la Organización de Estados Iberoamericanos para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura (OEI). Como orientación conceptual y metodológica se utilizó el Manual de Oslo: Proposed Guidelines for Collecting and Interpreting Technological Innovation, propuesto por la Organización para el Desarrollo y la Cooperación Económica.

Evaluar las innovaciones y su difusión social

Although innovations tend to be only assessed from an economic point of view, they provide other forms of value (social, cultural, political, environmental, moral). The phase of social diffusion of innovations is decisive for a plural and integrated evaluation of the processes of innovation. The Oslo Manual, by identifying diffusion with marketing, has generated new forms of hidden innovation, which can not be analyzed by the usual instruments of analysis in innovation studies. In conclusion, a methodological change it’s proposed, allowing to evaluate the various phases of a process of innovation and to account for the different agents involved in it.

The impact of technology innovation and R&D on firms' performance: an empirical analysis of Nigeria's service sector

This paper uses econometric model to analyse the impact of technological innovation and R&D on firm performance in the Nigerian service sector. The sector is attracting interest in policy circle because it has become the fastest growing sector globally. The analysis is based on data obtained from the Nigeria’s innovation survey, 2008 undertaken among 500 enterprises in the service sector with about 41% response rate. The instrument was guided by the third edition of the Oslo Manual standardised through validation workshops under the NEPAD ASTII initiative. The result shows that technological acquisition, training and in-house R&D positively influence technological innovation while government support and embodied knowledge are insignificant. Also, technology innovation and R&D have positive impact on firms’ performance. This paper offers an opportunity to understanding the impact of technology innovation and R&D on performance of service firms in developing country context.