Orthopedic Disorders Research Articles

THE INFLUENCE OF VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM PATHOLOGY IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of vitamin D deficiency on the development of various diseases of the musculoskeletal system in children and adolescents. 120 patients were examined from 1.5 months (6 weeks) to 15 years from 2018 to 2020 years. They had different orthopedic disorders. There were 69 girls and 51 boys. 4 subgroups were divided according to the clinic: A. Hip joint dysplasia (25 pat.), B. Disorder of body constitution, posture (35 pat.), scoliosis (15 pat.), C. Bone deformation of the lower extremities (21 pat.), D. Delay in growth rate (24 pat). The results of this research look like: We found no difference between vitamin D levels in healthy (control group) and group A. Although the bone deformation of the lower extremities up to two years is considered physiological, we have found low levels of vitamin D without rickety changes in the bones on a radiograph. There is a discussion about the importance of vitamin D and Ca in the development of scoliosis. We found a correlation between low levels of vitamin D and clinical deterioration and negative dynamics on vertebral radiographs (group B1). Ca levels remained in normal range.

EFFECTS OF LEFT VENTRICULAR MASS INDEX AND LEFT VENTRICULAR GEOMETRY ON 6 MINUTE STEPPER TEST RESULTS IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION

Objective: Exercise has effects on blood pressure (BP) and while systolic blood pressure increases with exercise, diastolic blood pressure is expected to remain in same values or decrease due to vasodilatation. Left ventricular concentric remodelling develop in patients with uncontrolled or undertreated hypertension and it results in deterioration in diastolic functions. Six-minute stepper test (6MST) is a simple test for evaluating performance status of patients. We aimed to evaulate effects of ventricular remodelling and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) on results of 6MST in patients with hypertension. Design and method: Adult patients with hypertension were enrolled after taking informed consent. Patients with significant valvular disease, coronary artery disease, malignancy, lung diseases and disabling orthopedic disorders that makes performing 6 MST difficult were excluded. Beta blockers were stopped 48 hours before the test. All patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography just before 6MST in order to assess LVMI and left ventricular geometry. Results: A total of 40 patients were included. Mean age of the population was 47.5 ± 6.5 years and 24 (60%) of them were female. Baselince characteristics were presented in Table-1. Left ventricular geometry was normal in 13 patients and left ventricular concentric remodelling was present in remaining cases. Number of steps during 6MST were similar between patients wih concentric remodelling and normal geometry. Difference between both systolic and diastolic BP values of at the end of test and beginning were recorded. Both systolic and diastolic BP differences were similar between patients with concentric remodelling and normal geometry. However, LVMI was significantly positively correlated with diastolic BP difference (r = 0.389,p = 0.03) while there was not any correlation with systolic BP difference. Conclusions: Left ventricular geometry has no relationship between change of blood pressure during exercise however, LVMI is correlated with change in diastolic BP. Large scale studies are required for evaluating effects of left ventricular geometry on changes of blood pressure during exercise.

Inter-Observer Agreement in Radiographic Diagnosis of Coxofemoral Joint Disease in a Closed Cohort of Four-Month-Old Rottweilers.

Simple SummaryCanine hip dysplasia is an important orthopedic disorder in veterinary medicine. In addition to body weight, fat intake, rapid growth, and hormonal changes, heredity is one of its underlying factors. Diagnosis of hip dysplasia under one year of age would help veterinarians to plan proper preventive/therapeutic methods and exclude dysplastic dogs from breeding programs to reduce the incidence of the disease in future generations. Therefore, having an accurate method for the early diagnosis of dysplastic dogs is an important subject, and a limited number of screening methods are used globally. Assessment of the accuracy of these methods can be examined with intra- and inter-observer studies. In this study, we aimed to assess the inter-observer agreements of the eight radiographic parameters from four different radiographic projections between five experienced observers (two of them certified scrutineers for canine hip dysplasia) to evaluate the reproducibility of the protocols. In our study, high inter-observer agreements were recorded for measurable values such as angle measurements, whereas the results of the subjective grading were low. Thus, it can be deduced that quantitative parameters are reliable values and a combination of these values with other screening programs such as clinical examinations might increase the accuracy of the examinations.Canine hip dysplasia is a complex and multifactorial disease. The early diagnosis of dysplastic dogs under one year of age helps veterinarians to plan proper preventive/therapeutic methods. Having an accurate screening method increases the chance of the early detection of dysplasia. The goal of our study was to assess the inter-observer reliability of eight radiographic parameters in four-month-old Rottweilers. Radiographs of the 28 Rottweilers were investigated by five experienced observers. The radiographs were taken in ventrodorsal view with extended legs, frog-leg ventrodorsal view, distraction view, and dorsal acetabular rim view. Four quantitative parameters such as Norberg angle (NA), distraction index (DI), dorsal acetabular rim slope (DARS), and center edge angle (CEA) and four qualitative parameters such as sclerosis of the cranial acetabular rim (SCAR), location of the center of the femoral head (LCFH), grading of the degenerative joint disease (GDJD), and grading of the dorsal acetabular rim (GDAR) were evaluated. High inter-observer agreements were recorded for quantitative values, whereas the inter-observer agreement of the qualitative parameters was low. It can be deduced that the evaluated quantitative parameters are reliable, and a combination of these methods with clinical examinations might increase the accuracy of the examinations.

Misdiagnosis in mucopolysaccharidoses.

Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) is a group of 13 hereditary metabolic diseases identified in humans (or 14 diseases if considering one MPS type described to date only in mice) in which an enzymatic defect results in the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in the lysosomes of cells. First of all, as a result of GAG storage, the proper functioning of the lysosome is disturbed; then, the cells, and finally, tissue, organs, and the whole organism malfunctions are observed. Due to the rarity, heterogeneity, and multi-systemic and progressive nature of MPS, they present a major diagnostic challenge. Due to the wide variation in symptoms and their similarity to other diseases, MPS is often misdiagnosed, usually as neurological diseases (like autism spectrum disorders, psychomotor hyperactivity, and intellectual disability) or rheumatology and orthopedic disorders (like juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Perthes disease, rickets, and muscular dystrophy). In this review article, we present the problems associated with the possibility of misdiagnosing MPS, discuss what diseases they can be confused with, and suggest ways to reduce these problems in the future.

Circ_0058792 regulates osteogenic differentiation through miR-181a-5p/Smad7 axis in steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head

ABSTRACT Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) caused by steroids is a severe orthopedic disorder resulting from the use of high-dose steroid drugs, characterized by structural changes in the bone, joint dysfunction, and femoral head collapse. CircRNAs and miRNAs have increasingly been suggested to play pivotal roles in osteogenic differentiation and osteogenesis. Significant upregulation of circ_0058792 was observed in patients with steroid-induced ONFH. Bioinformatic analysis showed that circ_0058792 might act as a sponge for miR-181a-5p. This study further investigated the mechanisms underlying the role of circ_0058792 and miR-181a-5p in osteogenic differentiation in methylprednisolone-induced ONFH rats and MC3T3-E1 cells. The results showed a notable decrease in the serum of miR-181a-5p in methylprednisolone-induced ONFH rats. Silencing of circ_0058792 using siRNAs and overexpression of miR-181a-5p significantly increased alkaline phosphatase activity and matrix mineralization capacity. Additionally, markers for osteogenic differentiation were significantly upregulated in miR-181a-5p-transfected cells. However, overexpression of circ_0058792 and the addition of the miR-181a-5p inhibitor reversed this increase. Smad7 was identified to be miR-181a-5p’s direct target and circ_0058792 was confirmed to be miR-181a-5p’s competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA). Upregulation of miR-181a-5p promotes phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3. Furthermore, circ_0058792 and miR-181a-5p had opposing effects on Smad7 expression. Collectively, these findings indicate that circ_0058792 regulates osteogenic differentiation by sponging miR-181a-5p via the TGF-β/Smad7 pathway. These findings elucidated the functions of circ_0058792 and miR-181a-5p in the regulation of steroid-induced ONFH. Our findings also indicated that circ_0058792 and miR-181a-5p are possible diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for treating steroid-induced ONFH.

Longitudinal 3T MRI T2 * mapping of Juvenile osteochondritis dissecans (JOCD) lesions differentiates operative from non-operative patients-Pilot study.

Juvenile osteochondritis dissecans (JOCD) is an orthopedic joint disorder of children and adolescents that can lead to premature osteoarthritis. Thirteen patients (mean age: 12.3 years, 4 females), 15 JOCD-affected and five contralateral healthy knees, that had a baseline and a follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (mean interval of 8.9 months) and were treated nonoperatively during this interval were included. Retrospectively, patients were assigned to operative or nonoperative groups based on their electronic medical records. Volumetric mean T2 * values were calculated within regions of interest (progeny lesion, interface, parent bone) and region matched control bone in healthy contralateral knees and condyles. The normalized percentage difference of T2 * between baseline and follow up MRI in nonoperative patients significantly increased in progeny lesion (-47.8%, p < 0.001), parent bone (-13.9%, p < 0.001), and interface (-32.3%, p = 0.011), whereas the differences in operative patients were nonsignificant and below 11%. In nonoperative patients, the progeny lesion (p < 0.001) and interface T2 * values (p = 0.012) were significantly higher than control bone T2 * at baseline, but not at follow-up (p = 0.219, p = 1.000, respectively). In operative patients, the progeny lesion and interface T2 * values remained significantly elevated compared to the control bone both at baseline (p < 0.001, p < 0.001) and follow-up (p < 0.001, p < 0.001), respectively. Clinical Significance: Longitudinal T2 * mapping differentiated nonhealing from healing JOCD lesions following initial nonoperative treatment, which may assist in prognosis and improve the ability of surgeons to make recommendations regarding operative versus nonoperative treatment.

Orthopedic Telemedicine Outpatient Practice Diagnoses Set during the First COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown—Individual Observation

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a substantial intensification of the telemedicine transformation process in orthopedics since 2020. In the light of the legal regulations introduced in Poland, from the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, physicians, including orthopedic surgeons, have had the opportunity to conduct specialist teleconsultations. Teleconsultations increase epidemiological safety and significantly reduce the exposure of patients and medical staff to direct transmission of the viral vector and the spread of infections. The study aimed to describe diagnoses and clinical aspects of consecutive orthopedic teleconsultations (TC) during the pandemic lockdown. The diagnoses were set according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). Hybrid teleconsultations used smartphones and obligatory Electronic Health Record (EHR) with supplemental voice, SMS, MMS, Medical images, documents, and video conferencing if necessary. One hundred ninety-eight consecutive orthopedic teleconsultations were served for 615 women and 683 men (mean age 41.82 years ± 11.47 years). The most frequently diagnosed diseases were non-acute orthopedic disorders “M” (65.3%) and injuries “S” (26.3%). Back pain (M54) was the most frequent diagnosis (25.5%). Although virtual orthopedic consultation cannot replace an entire personal visit to a specialist orthopedic surgeon, in many cases, teleconsultation enables medical staff to continue to participate in providing medical services at a sufficiently high medical level to ensure patient and physician. The unified approach to TC diagnoses using ICD-10 or ICD-11 may improve further research on telemedicine-related orthopedics repeatability. Future research directions should address orthopedic teleconsultations’ practical aspects and highlight legal, organizational, and technological issues with their implementations.

Prevalence and risk factors of preoperative venous thromboembolism in patients with malignant musculoskeletal tumors: an analysis based on D-dimer screening and imaging

BackgroundVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major complication in patients with malignant tumors and orthopedic disorders. Although it is known that patients undergoing surgery for malignant musculoskeletal tumor are at an increased risk of thromboembolic events, only few studies have investigated this risk in detail. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for preoperative VTE in malignant musculoskeletal tumors patients.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 270 patients who underwent surgical procedures, including biopsy for malignant musculoskeletal tumor, have undergone measurements of preoperative D-dimer levels, and were subsequently screened for VTE by lower extremity venous ultrasonography and/or contrast-enhanced computed tomography scans. Statistical analyses were performed to examine the prevalence and risk factors for VTE. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to verify the D-dimer cutoff value for the diagnosis of VTE.ResultsOverall, 199 patients (103 with primary soft tissue sarcomas, 38 with primary bone sarcomas, 46 with metastatic tumors, and 12 with hematologic malignancies) were included. D-dimer levels were high in 79 patients; VTE was detected in 19 patients (9.5%). Multivariate analysis indicated that age ≥ 60 years (P = 0.021) and tumor location in the lower limbs (P = 0.048) were independent risk factors for VTE. ROC analysis showed that the D-dimer cutoff value for the diagnosis of VTE was 1.53 µg/mL; the sensitivity and specificity were 89.5% and 79.4%, respectively.ConclusionsOur study indicated that age and tumor location in the lower limbs were independent risk factors for preoperative VTE in malignant musculoskeletal tumors patients. D-dimer levels were not associated with VTE in the multivariate analysis, likely because they are affected by a wide variety of conditions, such as malignancy and aging. D-dimer is useful for exclusion diagnosis because of its high sensitivity, but patients with high age and tumor location in the lower limbs are a high-risk group and should be considered for imaging evaluation such as ultrasonography regardless of D-dimer levels.Trial registrationOur study was approved by the institutional review board. The registration number is B200600056. The registration date was July 13, 2020.

Imrecoxib versus celecoxib as postoperative analgesia for patients receiving arthroscopic knee surgery: a randomized, controlled, non-inferiority study.

Imrecoxib is a novel cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor independently developed in China, which exhibits a good efficacy and tolerance in orthopedic disorders. The current study aimed to further compare its efficacy and safety with celecoxib as postoperative analgesia in arthroscopic knee surgery (AKS). Patients receiving AKS were enrolled and randomly assigned to imrecoxib (n = 64) and celecoxib (n = 62) group to receive analgesia for 72h after surgery. Pain at rest and movement, pethidine consumption, patient's satisfaction, Lysholm score, and adverse events were assessed after AKS. Meanwhile the upper limit of 95% CI of pain-score mean difference (MD) between imrecoxib and celecoxib was calculated, then, the non-inferiority was defined if the all-time-point upper limits of 95% CI less than 1. Imrecoxib was non-inferior to celecoxib for alleviating pain at rest (upper limit of 95% CI of MD ranging from 0.443 to 0.782, all time-point values less than 1); as well as for attenuating pain at movement (upper limit of 95% CI of MD ranging from 0.398 to 0.582, all time-point values less than 1). Moreover, rescue analgesia rate (P = 0.583), pethidine consumption (P = 0.454), patient's satisfaction at 72h (P = 0.408), and Lysholm score at M3 (P = 0.776) were of no difference between imrecoxib group and celecoxib group. Additionally, the main adverse events in two groups were nausea (P = 0.425), constipation (P = 1.000), vomiting (P = 0.715), headache (P = 1.000), and dizziness (P = 0.667), which were mild and manageable. Imrecoxib is non-inferior to celecoxib in postoperative analgesia and exhibits an acceptable tolerance in patients undergoing AKS.

Alt Ekstremite Lenfödem Hastalarında Kinezyofobi, Fiziksel Performans ve Denge Arasındaki İlişki

Purpose: Lymphedema is an important situation that causes physical and psychological life-threatening problems. This study researches kinesiophobia in lower extremity patients and scrutinizes the relationship between kinesiophobia, physical performance and balance.&#x0D; Methods: This cross-sectional controlled study included 40 individuals diagnosed with lower extremity lymphedema with a mean age of 42.58±10.30 years and 31 healthy individuals with a mean age of 40.65 ± 9.53 years. The evaluation of patients with unilateral lymphedema without cognitive and visual problems and those without orthopedic and neurological disorders that would prevent walking and those without heart disease and hypertension was carried out between November 2018 and March 2019. Static balance was evaluated with standing on One leg Balance Test, fear of movement was evaluated with Tampa Scale Kinesiophobia and functional levels were evaluated with Timed Up and Go test. &#x0D; Results: Static balance and physical performance of lower extremity lymphedema patients were found to be statistically different than healthy individuals (p

Performance of Deep Learning Models in Forecasting Gait Trajectories of Children with Neurological Disorders.

Forecasted gait trajectories of children could be used as feedforward input to control lower limb robotic devices, such as exoskeletons and actuated orthotic devices (e.g., Powered Ankle Foot Orthosis—PAFO). Several studies have forecasted healthy gait trajectories, but, to the best of our knowledge, none have forecasted gait trajectories of children with pathological gait yet. These exhibit higher inter- and intra-subject variability compared to typically developing gait of healthy subjects. Pathological trajectories represent the typical gait patterns that rehabilitative exoskeletons and actuated orthoses would target. In this study, we implemented two deep learning models, a Long-Term Short Memory (LSTM) and a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), to forecast hip, knee, and ankle trajectories in terms of corresponding Euler angles in the pitch, roll, and yaw form for children with neurological disorders, up to 200 ms in the future. The deep learning models implemented in our study are trained on data (available online) from children with neurological disorders collected by Gillette Children’s Speciality Healthcare over the years 1994–2017. The children’s ages range from 4 to 19 years old and the majority of them had cerebral palsy (73%), while the rest were a combination of neurological, developmental, orthopaedic, and genetic disorders (27%). Data were recorded with a motion capture system (VICON) with a sampling frequency of 120 Hz while walking for 15 m. We investigated a total of 35 combinations of input and output time-frames, with window sizes for input vectors ranging from 50–1000 ms, and output vectors from 8.33–200 ms. Results show that LSTMs outperform CNNs, and the gap in performance becomes greater the larger the input and output window sizes are. The maximum difference between the Mean Absolute Errors (MAEs) of the CNN and LSTM networks was 0.91 degrees. Results also show that the input size has no significant influence on mean prediction errors when the output window is 50 ms or smaller. For output window sizes greater than 50 ms, the larger the input window, the lower the error. Overall, we obtained MAEs ranging from 0.095–2.531 degrees for the LSTM network, and from 0.129–2.840 degrees for the CNN. This study establishes the feasibility of forecasting pathological gait trajectories of children which could be integrated with exoskeleton control systems and experimentally explores the characteristics of such intelligent systems under varying input and output window time-frames.

Adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis show decreased intermuscular coherence in lumbar paraspinal muscles: A new pathophysiological perspective

ObjectiveAlthough adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is thought to be an orthopedic disorder, sensorimotor deficits resulting in asymmetric neural drive to the axial musculature have been proposed as contributing factors. Asymmetry in the vestibular control of spinal motoneurons can cause spine deformation reminiscent of idiopathic scoliosis in animal models. MethodsTo examine the neural control of axial muscles, we compared common oscillatory drive to bilateral lumbar muscles between 19 participants with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and 19 healthy adolescents. We measured right and left paraspinal muscle activity during steady isometric back extensions at 15% or 30% of their maximum voluntary contraction. ResultsThe variance in exerted force and symmetry in bilateral muscle activation were similar between groups. We estimated the strength of common oscillations between muscle motoneuron pools using intermuscular coherence. Compared to controls, participants with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis exhibited smaller intermuscular coherence between paraspinal muscles in the alpha and beta bands. To identify the cause of the observed decreased in intermuscular coherence, we quantified variability of electromyography power ratio and relative activation timing between the paraspinal muscle. Intermuscular phase between muscle oscillations across the alpha band demonstrated larger variability in adolescent with idiopathic scoliosis. The variability of the ratio of lumbar muscles power was similar between groups in the alpha and beta bands. ConclusionOur results suggest that altered bilateral control of axial muscles characterized by increased variability in the timing of alpha oscillations may be linked to spine deformation in adolescents. SignificanceOur findings provide a new perspective on neural factors associated with a common spine deformation, adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

SCHORZENIA ORTOPEDYCZNE U BYDŁA MLECZNEGO: PRZYCZYNY, SKUTKI I PROFILAKTYKA

Locomotor diseases in cattle can have various causes, both infectious and non-infectious. Infectious agents, such as bacteria, mainly cause finger dermatitis and interdigital dermatitis. In turn, the non-infectious factors include deformation of the claws and the animal housing system, including the bedding material in the barn. Orthopedic disorders and diseases generate financial losses due to lower milk yield, extension of the calving period, or the need to implement treatment. Moreover, animals suffering from any hoof dysfunction suffer from reduced welfare, which results from the sensation of pain, discomfort, and stress associated with a hoof injury or deformation of the claw, or an infection developing on the bovine hoof. It is necessary to take measures to prevent the appearance of diseases and dysfunctions within the cow’s hooves, and early detection of disorders is associated with faster implementation of treatment.

Sharing pain: Using pain domain transfer for video recognition of low grade orthopedic pain in horses.

Orthopedic disorders are common among horses, often leading to euthanasia, which often could have been avoided with earlier detection. These conditions often create varying degrees of subtle long-term pain. It is challenging to train a visual pain recognition method with video data depicting such pain, since the resulting pain behavior also is subtle, sparsely appearing, and varying, making it challenging for even an expert human labeller to provide accurate ground-truth for the data. We show that a model trained solely on a dataset of horses with acute experimental pain (where labeling is less ambiguous) can aid recognition of the more subtle displays of orthopedic pain. Moreover, we present a human expert baseline for the problem, as well as an extensive empirical study of various domain transfer methods and of what is detected by the pain recognition method trained on clean experimental pain in the orthopedic dataset. Finally, this is accompanied with a discussion around the challenges posed by real-world animal behavior datasets and how best practices can be established for similar fine-grained action recognition tasks. Our code is available at https://github.com/sofiabroome/painface-recognition.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in equine orthopaedics.

SummaryOrthopaedic disorders are commonly encountered in equine veterinary medicine, and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) play an important role in the management of many equine orthopaedic disorders. There are multiple NSAIDs available for use in horses, including both non‐selective and selective NSAIDS, and the body of literature evaluating the efficacy of these medications, their effects on normal and inflamed musculoskeletal tissues, and their side effects is broad. This review aims to summarise the current literature on the use of NSAIDs for equine orthopaedic disorders and examines new and future avenues for the management of inflammation in equine orthopaedics.

Congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia: Rate of and time to bone union following contralateral vascularized periosteal tibial graft transplantation.

Congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia (CPT) is one of the most challenging orthopedic disorders. The use of a vascularized tibial periosteal grafts has been recently reported as a powerful tool to obtain bone union. We report its use in CPT. Retrospective short-term study of 29 children (18 male/11 female, 15 right-sided/14 left-sided) of mean age 45 months (range 11-144 months), operated upon after October 2014. Nonunion site was debrided, and the periosteum of the involved limb was excised. A vascularized tibial periosteal graft (mean length 10.7cm (range 9-15 cm) with a monitoring skin island (mean length 4.1cm (range 3-5cm) and based on the anterior tibial vessels, was obtained from the contralateral tibia. Anterior tibial vessels were always the recipient vessels. Most cases were stabilized with an LCP plate. The rate of and time to bone union were analyzed. Charts only were evaluated through the first 3 months after bone union was achieved. The flap survived and bone union was obtained in all cases, through a periosteal callus, in a mean time of 5.1 weeks (range 3-6 weeks). Mean follow-up was 8.3months (range 7-19 months). No union failures occurred 3 months after resuming unprotected weight bearing. Our novel technique produced a consistent, rapid capacity for CPT union, superior to previously-reported techniques. However, it cannot be recommended as a standard method of treatment until consistent, long-term, refracture-free follow-up is documented.

Mitochondrial Genome Editing to Treat Human Osteoarthritis-A Narrative Review.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a severe, common chronic orthopaedic disorder characterised by a degradation of the articular cartilage with an incidence that increases over years. Despite the availability of various clinical options, none can stop the irreversible progression of the disease to definitely cure OA. Various mutations have been evidenced in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of cartilage cells (chondrocytes) in OA, leading to a dysfunction of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation processes that significantly contributes to OA cartilage degeneration. The mitochondrial genome, therefore, represents a central, attractive target for therapy in OA, especially using genome editing procedures. In this narrative review article, we present and discuss the current advances and breakthroughs in mitochondrial genome editing as a potential, novel treatment to overcome mtDNA-related disorders such as OA. While still in its infancy and despite a number of challenges that need to be addressed (barriers to effective and site-specific mtDNA editing and repair), such a strategy has strong value to treat human OA in the future, especially using the groundbreaking clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRIPSR)/CRISPR-associated 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) technology and mitochondrial transplantation approaches.

Особливості змін у неврологічному статусі в пацієнтів із спадковими полінейропатіями на етапі оперативного лікування

Актуальність. Спадкові полінейропатії належать до системних дегенеративних захворювань нервової і м’язової систем генної природи, що досить часто призводять до порушення опорно-рухового апарату. Метою нашого дослідження було оцінити неврологічний стан осіб із спадковими полінейропатіями на етапі передопераційної підготовки. Матеріали та методи. Обстежено 87 пацієнтів декретованої групи віком від 12 до 57 років. Контрольну групу становили 10 пацієнтів із травматичним ушкодженням м’яких тканин та периферичних нервів на нижній кінцівці і 10 пацієнтів із поздовжньою плоскостопістю ступнів молодого, середнього та похилого віку. Усі пацієнти підлягали детальному ортопедичному та неврологічному обстеженню. Результати. У всіх пацієнтів із спадковими полінейропатіями виявлено рівномірне, з обох сторін, зниження сухожилкових і періостальних рефлексів на нижніх кінцівках, що корелювало з тривалістю перебігу захворювання та характером генетичних мальформацій. Реєструвалось зниження больового відчуття за дистальним типом: при легкій формі ураження — на рівні пальців стоп, при середній такі порушення поши-рювалися до рівня гомілкових суглобів, а при тяжких формах сягали середньої третини гомілки або рівня колінних суглобів. При легкій формі спадкової полінейропатії знижувалась вібраційна чутливість у ступнях до 12–14 с (у пацієнтів контрольної групи вона була в межах 15–16 с і більше), при середньому ступені процесу — до 7–11 с, при тяжких формах — до 0–4 с. Рухливі порушення при полінейропатичній ступні зводились до симетричного зниження сили м’язів у дистальних відділах кінцівок, а у12 пацієнтів із тяжкою формою Шарко — Марі — Тутса спостерігався парез стоп, у 2 хворих були прояви проксимальної аміотрофії м’язів ніг. У переважної більшості пацієнтів відмічались значні вегетативно-трофічні порушення сегментарного рівня, переважно в дистальних відділах ніг. Зокрема, зміни стосувались самої шкіри. У дистальних відді-лах ніг у 48 пацієнтів вона була сухою, злущеною, з численними тріщинами, гіперкератозом, потертостями, мозолями (особливо в ділянці підошв). Діагностувались набряки по тильній поверхні ступнів та в нижній третині гомілок. Судинний рисунок був змінений у 36 пацієнтів за парасимпатикотонічним типом і в 19 — за симпатикотонічним. Нігті були атрофічними, із зміною їх забарвлення. Трофічні зміни спостерігались також і в глибше розташованих м’яких тканинах. Висновки. Спадкові полінейропатії супроводжуються тяжкими ортопедичними порушеннями, переважно в скелетних структурах стоп. Патогномонічними ознаками для вибору тактики хірургічного лікування осіб із спадковими полінейропатіями є характер вегетативно-трофічних порушень та ступінь змін складних видів чутливості на ногах, зокрема вібраційної чутливості.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition as a Predictor of Early Recurrent Revisions After Debridement Surgery in Patients With Difficult-to-Treat Periprosthetic Infection

Background. Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is an established risk factor of postoperative complications in orthopedic disorders, including arthroplasty of the large joints.&#x0D; The study aimed to evaluate PEM prevalence and its association with the early postoperative revision in patients with the difficult-to-treat (DTT) prosthetic joint infection (PJI) of the hip.&#x0D; Methods. The retrospective study included 132 patients with chronic DTT PJI of the hip. The patients underwent orthopedic implant removal, radical debridement of the infected tissues, and resection arthroplasty with non-free transplantation of an axial vastus lateralis muscle flap (n = 57) or installation of an antimicrobial spacer (n = 75). DTT PJI was defined as an infection caused by rifampicin-resistant staphylococcal strains, ciprofloxacin-resistant gram-negative bacteria, fungi of the genus Candida, and their associations. The assessment of the patients protein-energy status included the evaluation of reference laboratory parameters, such as levels of hemoglobin, total protein, and albumin and number of lymphocytes. The degree of PEM was determined by the number of laboratory markers below the threshold values. The statistical comparison was performed using Fishers test. The odds ratio (OR, 95% confidence interval [CI]) was calculated to assess the risk of PJI recurrence. Differences were considered significant at p0.05.&#x0D; Results. More than 70% of patients with chronic DTT PJI included in the study were diagnosed with preoperative PEM of varying degrees of severity. Hypoalbuminemia and decreased hemoglobin levels were diagnosed more often: 64.3% and 57.1% in the muscle flap plasty and 57.3% and 31.1% in the antimicrobial spacer group, respectively. In muscle plasty and antimicrobial spacer groups, a decrease in the values of three or more reference PEM markers was detected in 28.5% and 16.0% of patients, and this advanced impairment of the nutritional status increased the risk of early revision intervention by two (OR 2.0; CI 95% 0.478.56; p = 0.35) and six times (OR 6.11; 95% CI 1.0635.35; p0.04), respectively.&#x0D; Conclusion. In general, the analysis of publications and results of our study show that PEM is associated with the development of surgical site infection and recurrence of PJI after revision surgery. A decrease in the values of three or more reference PEM markers is a significant predictor of repeated revisions after debridement surgery with the installation of an antimicrobial spacer. PEM complicates the postoperative course in patients with resection arthroplasty. Given the high incidence of PEM in patients with DTT PJI of the hip joint, further research is needed to develop methods for nutritional status correction and assessment of their effect on the outcomes of debridement surgery.

KOMORBIDITAS PENYANDANG CEREBRAL PALSY DI KOMUNITAS CEREBRAL PALSY METRO

The condition of one of the disabled people is various, one of which is Cerebral Palsy. Most children with Cerebral Palsy have at least one comorbid disorder or comorbidity. In the SCPE data, the most common comorbidities found were language disorders (71%), followed by intellectual disorders (62%), epilepsy (39%), and visual disturbances (22%). The survival of patients who depend on the severity of disability experienced in the Cerebral Palsy Metro community. Design This study is a descriptive analytic study using a cross sectional or cross-sectional design. In the cross sectional design used a transverse approach, where observations of the independent variable and the dependent variable were carried out only once at the same time. With a total sample of 50. The research subjects were 31 men (62%) and 19 women (38%), with a sample of age range between 0-18 years. Most participants were in the type of Spastic Quadriplegia CP. Outcomes of Comorbid Cerebral Palsy in study subjects. Intellectual disability is 30 (60%), Epilepsy is 19 (38%), Visual impairment is 3(6%), Speech disorder is 37(74%), Development and growth disorders is 14(28%), Defecation disorders 10 (20% ), Respiratory Disorders 4 (8%), Orthopedic disorders Ankle deformities 23(46%), Scoliosis deformity disorders 21 (42%), Hip subluxation disorders 9(18%), Sleep disturbances 11 (22%), which were individual Cerebral Palsy has at most three comorbidities and is mostly owned by the Spastic Quadriplegia CP type. Comorbidities in people with cerebral palsy in the metro cerebral palsy community were the most common in speech disorders and more than three comorbidities were found in cerebral palsy individuals with the type of spastic Quadriplegia CP.