Architectural Decoration Research Articles

The Aedes Aemiliana Herculis in the Forum Boarium: New Considerations

One of the most important areas of ancient Rome was the Forum Boarium, where the cult of Hercules was especially prominent. This article examines ancient and Renaissance sources about one of the temples dedicated to the demigod in this area: the Aedes Aemiliana Herculis. Current scholarship identifies this temple with a building destroyed under the papacy of Sixtus IV (1471–1484). An unpublished letter written by Leonardo Agostini to Leopoldo de’ Medici on 27 February 1666 along with closer examination of Renaissance written sources suggests that this temple stood in the area in the proximity of Via S. Giovanni Decollato and not in the area of the granary of Ottavio Gracchi as previously believed. It is also clear that the Neapolitan architect Pirro Ligorio mistakenly attributed to this temple the architectural decoration of the Basilica Aemilia in the Forum Romanum, misleading modern scholars.

Ornamental Motifs of Haft Rang Tiles in The Architecture of Houses Constructed in Shiraz in the Pahlavi Era

In the Pahlavi-constructed areas of Shiraz, there are a number of residential houses built with modern architectural design, but traditional techniques and designs have been used in their decoration. Haft rang tiles are among the most commonly used techniques in the architectural decoration of these houses. The use of this ornamentation as seen in both internal and external views of Shiraz houses in the Pahlavi era is an exquisite example of the combination of tradition and modernity in contemporary Iranian architecture; studying its dimensions can lead to a better understanding of Iranian architecture in the contemporary period. Accordingly, this paper explores decorative features and diversity of ornamental motifs of Haft rang tiles in the architecture of houses built in Shiraz in the Pahlavi Era using a descriptive-analytical methodology. The required data was collected through field and library research. To this end, the tile decorations of 20 houses within the urban area of Shiraz constructed during the Pahlavi Era were investigated and categorized by the researcher in terms of spatial, framing, design, and motif diversity. According to the findings of the study, the Haft rang tile frames in the analyzed houses displayed a wide diversity of shapes including rectangles, squares, deformed vertical rectangles, curved surfaces, vertical diagonal frames, window frames, composite geometric shapes, and crowns. The most commonly used patterns in the sample group (20 houses were studied) were Eslimi (arabesque) and Khatai patterns. Human figures are also depicted in the form of archeological or miniature patterns or simple human shapes. Eslimi and Khatai patterns, flowers and birds, and human figures have been sometimes realistically portrayed, and sometimes portrayed in abstract forms. The dominant background colors of the tile frames in the studied period are turquoise and azure.

Research Progress and Application Status of Curved Plates in China

To develop bionic curved plates, this paper reviews the progress of curved plate research and application in China over the past 20 years. This study reaches these conclusions: 1) A classification system based on the complexity of the curved plate and the actual application of the plate should be established; 2) For various complex curved plates or curved surfaces, the best methods to properly classify those surfaces, determine their physical properties, formulate various test standards of them and meet the specifications of their engineering applications will be important directions for future research; 3) In the field of architectural decoration, the biomimetic objects and the research of structural mechanical properties under different materials are the focus of future research; 4) In transportation, animal bionics are the main type of bionics. At this time, not only the characteristics of the surface itself but also the important effect of the surface microstructure on the required mechanical properties should be emphasized.

Identification of Architectural Ornaments of Santo Albertus Jetis Church Yogyakarta

Renovation activities can improve quality or even reduce the quality of a building due to the loss of special elements in the building. One of the element in a building that can give special features to an architectural work is ornament. The aim of this study was to identify ornamental design principles that can be found in several works of Mangunwijaya and their application to the buildings of the Santo Albertus Church in Jetis Yogyakarta. This research using descriptive methods through case studies in the field with analysis through qualitative methods. The methods of retrieving data through direct observation and documentation and supported by literature studies. The results of this study indicate that the ornaments on the Santo Albertus Church has flora and fauna motifs that are made in a combination style and have a style of contemporary ornaments, and the ornaments that are made have a propensity to affect the spirit of the space. Based on these results, it is expected to be a suggestion and consideration for the renovation activities that are currently being carried out, especially in understanding the use and meaning of the ornament, so the building of the Church of Santo Albertus Jetis did not lose the identity . DOI: https://doi.org/10.26905/lw.v11i2.2930

Research on the architectural decoration of traditional Chinese vernacular dwellings

ABSTRACTThe Yangtze River and the Yellow River are located in the south and north of China respectively. They are considered the two sources of Chinese civilization. For thousands of years, the cultures of the two river basins have merged, thus forming the five thousand years of Chinese civilization. Despite this long integration, the two cultures have maintained their distinct personality. Vernacular dwellings are no exception. This paper researches the architectural decoration of traditional vernacular dwellings in these two basins. After field investigations, a total of 308 examples of traditional vernacular dwellings have been selected from the two regions. 186 examples are located in the Yangtze River basin and 122 examples in the Yellow River basin. The architectural decoration of these traditional vernacular dwellings is examined from the aspects of brick carvings, wood carvings, stone carvings, oil paintings and colour paintings. The focus of this study is the identification of decorative variances in the architectural decoration of these traditional vernacular dwellings due to regional influences. Attempts were made to ascertain the reasons for these differences, in terms of geography, climate, politics, technology and folk customs.

Sandra Aube. La céramique dans l’architecture en Iran au XVe siècle. Les arts qarâ quyûnlûs et âq quyûnlûs

This monograph about architectural decoration in 15th-century Iran (and beyond) is the first of its kind not only because of its subject matter but also with respect to its emphasis on the Turkmen dynasties. Until the recent increase of studies on Turkmen cultural patronage, the Āq Quyūnlū and Qarā Quyūnlū seemed to be perpetually overshadowed by their Timurid rivals in scholarly literature. Sandra Aube’s monograph, along with those by Simon Rettig and Chad Lingwood, seeks to counter this imb...

The Oldest Use of Tile in Architectural Decorations of the Islamic Period of Iran and Recognition of Combined Fractured Pieces of Glazed Pottery and Plaster-Brick Decorations Technique in Khajeh Atabak Kerman

The Oldest Use of Tile in Architectural Decorations of the Islamic Period of Iran and Recognition of Combined Fractured Pieces of Glazed Pottery and Plaster-Brick Decorations Technique in Khajeh Atabak Kerman

Rotational stiffness of inter-module connection in mid-rise modular steel buildings

The inter-module connection used for the assembly of prefinished modules is a unique key issue for modular steel buildings (MSBs). Previous types of inter-module connection require additional operation spaces and have conflicts with architecture decoration. To overcome these limitations, this study proposed an innovative rotary inter-module connection applied at the end of modular columns with corner fitting. The working mechanism of the rotary connection was introduced through a bending resistance test. Then, finite element analysis (FEA) and theoretical derivation were conducted to investigate the initial rotational stiffness obtained through the preceding test. In terms of the feature of double beams in MSBs and the results obtained, the influence of the stiffness ratio of double beams on the internal force distribution was investigated via FEA and theoretical calculation. Some recommendations for the design were also presented. Finally, the manner in which stiffness characteristics of the inter-module connection is considered accurately in the structural design was discussed and the conceptual design procedure of the inter-module connection was given accordingly. The results obtained could serve as a reference for the design of mid-rise MSBs.

MOSQUE OF OTHMAN IBN OGELBEK IN ALEPPO: AN ARCHITECTURAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY

This paper aims to study Ogelbek mosque, which is considered to be one of the most importantMamluk mosques in the city of Aleppo (Syria). The paper made a descriptive and analytical studyof the surviving architectural elements, decorations, and inscriptions of the studied mosque. Thismosque was subjected to many renewal works after its construction; all of these works weredocumented in this study. The paper studied also the endowments which were allocated to themosque by its founder, in addition to the Ottoman endowments. This paper is considered to be adocumentation study to the mosque especially after the destruction which occurred to the wholeSyrian monuments during the current events of the Syrian revolution. Many figures and plates areincluded in this study and they were published for the first time, noting that all the plates weretaken by the author in July 2010.

Stylistic Features of the Scene of “The Lamentation”, the Shroud from the Church of the Holy Spirit’s Descent in the Village Shkarivka Kiev region

The purpose of the article. The publication attempts to determine the iconography, the manner of painting and dating of the folk art monuments from the wooden church decoration of the Central Ukraine in the first half of the XVIII century. Methodology. Within the framework of the article and on the basis of the art research studies, the main task is the introduction of the folk art monument, i.e. the Shroud from the Descent of the Holy Spirit in the village Shkarivka, Bilotserkivskyi district, Kyiv region, into the scientific circulation. Scientific Novelty. In the study, the attention of the scientific community is focused on the art studies research of the discovered unique folk art monument. The work proposed for publication is part of the research results on the development and modification of the decoration of wooden church architecture on the territory of Central Ukraine in the first half of the XVIII century. Conclusions. According to the results of the author's art studies of iconographic and stylistic features of the painting, the Shroud of the Church of the Holy Spirit's Descent in the village Shkarivka, in Bila Tserkva district, Kyiv region, we have grounds to include them in the artistic heritage of the XIX century with possible later additions.

Establishment of county-level emission inventory for industrial NMVOCs in China and spatial-temporal characteristics for 2010–2016

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) pollution, which is closely linked to photochemical smog and secondary organic aerosols, has become a severe concern in China. Therefore, we compiled a new high-resolution emission inventory for the industrial non-methane Volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) using “bottom-up” approaches throughout 2010 and 2016. In this work, the industrial sources were divided into five major categories, and 108 specific sources, as well as an emission factor database, was developed for industrial NMVOCs. Results indicated that the total NMVOCs emissions from industrial sources increased from 16.88 Tg in 2010 to 21.04 Tg in 2016 at an annual average rate of 3.7%. The five major source categories including “production of VOCs”, “storage and transportation”, “industrial processes using VOCs as raw material”, “processes using VOCs-containing products”, and “fossil fuel combustion” generated 1.92 Tg, 0.94 Tg, 6.54 Tg, 10.04 Tg, and 1.60 Tg NMVOCs, respectively, in 2016. Coke production, plastic manufacturing, raw medicine industry, and architectural decoration were the primary sources of industrial NMVOCs and emissions of these sources increased by 140 Gg, 190 Gg, 640 Gg, and 700 Gg between 2010 and 2016. The emissions displayed distinct spatial characteristics, with significantly higher emissions in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Pearl River Delta, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Cheng-Yu region than in other areas. Shandong, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Henan were the top five provinces with the highest NMVOCs emissions, while the emission hotspots in the county-level were mainly distributed in Guangzhou urban area, Shanghai Pudong New Area, Hangzhou urban area, and Shenzhen urban area. The emissions in Henan province, Hubei province, and Cheng-Yu region increased significantly during the study period. Instead, emissions in some counties of Zhejiang province and Hebei province decreased than in 2010.

Batı Sanatında Bir Karşı-Reformasyon Teması: Loreto Meryem’i

This article is an attempt to examine the depictions of Mary of Loreto, as a theme that mainly found in Italian art, its emergence and relation to the religious environment of the period in which it emerged, as well as its transformations within the context of the Counter-Reformation principles. The first examples of its appearing in the period of Counter-Reformation, the theme of Mary of Loreto increased its effect throughout the same period by introducing Loreto as a Catholic center of pilgrimage. Several approches to the Marian cult, such as the one that postulated by the Catholic Church in accordance with decisions of the Council of Trent and the approaches of the Jesuits and Franciscans are also the subjects to be discussed here, due to their important roles in the development of the cult. Following a short explanation on the legend of the Holy House (Santa Casa) in the Holy Land and the protection of Santa Casa during the Crusades, the article dwells on the architecture and the architectural decoration of Sanctuary of the Holy House (Basilica della Santa Casa) which moved from Nazareth to Loreto. Starting from the earliest examples of Mary of Loreto, the main part of the study defines the forms of the scene in terms of presentation by focusing on the development of the Marian cult within the framework of the Counter-Reformation principles. The conclusion evaluates the iconographic development of the depictions of Mary of Loreto in Italian art with regard to the same principles.

Архитектурная пластика Абхазского царства (VIII-XI вв.). Из коллекции Абхазского государственного музея (г. Сухум, РА)

Архитектурная пластика Абхазского царства (VIII-XI вв.). Из коллекции Абхазского государственного музея (г. Сухум, РА)

Volume-forming 3D concrete printing using a variable-size square nozzle

Abstract The 3D Concrete Printing (3DCP) process is rapidly developing worldwide, showing its ability to construct large-scale components or even a building. However, the current 3DCP process has found it hard to manufacture architectural components with detailed ornamentations and features on their surface due to the Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) manner that generates fixed-width filaments. This paper introduces a novel Volume - Forming 3D Concrete Printing (VF3DCP) method applying a variable-size square nozzle to manufacture architectural ornaments. The VF3DCP process is described as to directly fabricate a variable cross-section volume during one-time work instead of an FDM accumulation process. A VF3DCP extrusion kit prototype featured by a steering module and a nozzle-varying module is developed. Functional relationships of four key process parameters for a trial material, including nozzle size, nozzle travel speed, material extrusion rate and toolpath curvature radius, are fitted by two process tests. Two case studies into the manufacture of an architectural carved pattern and a curved wall structure together validate a Voronoi Diagram-based skeleton line-segment algorithm for the single-path and multi-path toolpath planning of the VF3DCP process. The results show the potential of the proposed method in manufacturing architectural ornaments.

Marble decoration of the Roman theatre of Urvinum Mataurense (Urbino, Marche region, Italy): An archaeological and archaeometric multi-method provenance study

Abstract This paper presents the results of the characterisation, provenance determination, quantification (by count and weight) and contextualisation of the white and coloured marbles used for decorating the Roman theatre of Urbino (Marche region, Italy). The main goals of the paper are to contribute to a better understanding of the trade and use of marble in the region of central Adriatic Italy in Roman times, and to demonstrate the socio-cultural importance of architectural decor in Roman society, especially through comparison of the Urbino case with contemporary theatres in the Western Mediterranean. Macroscopic characterisation of white and coloured marbles was followed by thin section petrography, X-ray diffraction and stable isotopic analysis (∂18O and ∂13C) for eight marble samples. In total, twenty-six marble varieties have been identified in the Urbino theatre assemblage. Mineralogical-petrographic and archaeometric analysis shows the presence of white marbles from Carrara (Italy) and Proconnesos (Asia Minor), and greco scritto from Hasancavuslar (Ephesos, Turkey). Coloured marbles, mainly africano, breccia di sciro, breccia medicea, cipollino verde, pavonazzetto and giallo antico, as well more prestigious lithotypes as granito misio, porfido rosso and serpentino, can be traced back to Italy, Greece (mainland and Aegean islands), Asia Minor, Egypt and North Africa. Particularly important is the earliest Roman in situ identification of breccia medicea. Compared to other Roman theatres in the Western Mediterranean, the Urbino theatre stands out for the sumptuousness of its marble renovation, especially in terms of the number of marble varieties. Like other Roman towns in central Adriatic Italy (e.g. Suasa, Trea and Urbs Salvia), Urvinum Mataurense shows a strong integration in the Roman Mediterranean marble trade, with a clear connection with the Greek/Eastern world.

The strangeness of shapes formulation in Islamic architecture decorations

The aim of the research is to uncover the concept of strangeness in general and the methods of making the ornament form, which is designed according to his / her artistic skill in producing the formations of a nature that embodies various meanings interpreted by the recipient according to his mental abilities. also his attitude is a changeable from invisible texts according the era and its culture, the research is determined by the different forms of decorative ornament in the picture formations within the ornament of Islamic architecture in its present state.The theoretical part includes two axes , the first: it deal with the concept of exoticism and its intellectual references. The second axis: the mechanisms of shaping the shape in the ornament of Islamic architecture.The research procedures included: Research methodology according to the descriptive approach, and the research society of (35) different ornament form. The sample of the research was selected (6) models and analysis, as well as the results of the research and its conclusions:Transferring the reference (thought or text), realistic and consciously, to an aesthetic visual equivalent of an expressive dimension (interpreted or implicit) within the ornament text through the formal similarity to extract the real form and modulation, the formal exaggeration and the intensification of organizational acts and their details in the original structure of abstraction The shape of its physiological characteristics by removing parts and maintaining the general appearance and the two forms of the organizational act of a single ornament form in heterogeneous patterns within a unified system.The difficulty of monitoring the features of the original ornament shapes through exaggeration and complexity, such as the elements of the kasua ornament and based on the mathematical act, such as geometric ornament, mythological and myth forms like (phoenix) and the shape of (dragon) used in the non-circular in ornament recruitment.Due to the presence of participants in the characteristics between the likeness and the likeness with and their convergence in representation, the qualitative form within the decorative text through the use of transformed morphological metaphor into forms of similarity, the source of their extraction or derivation represents the approach between the first source (realistic) and the migration by modifying the plant, animal and innovative forms

The Complex of Gawhar Shad in Herat: New Findings about its Architecture and Ceramic Tile Decorations

ABSTRACTThe architectural complex commissioned by Gawhar Shad in Herat (820–841/1417–1438) constitutes one of the major foundations of the Timurid capital city. The site has sustained substantial damage over the centuries and very little is currently known about its architecture and decoration. Since the 1980s, access to it has been strictly limited due to the presence of landmines. This article aims to present the last archaeological surveys carried out on the site in recent years, and to introduce the first results of the study of the ceramic tiles collected on the “Musalla” and transferred to the National Museum of Herat in 2015.

Pro remedio et pro salute animae nostrae. Memoria in Medieval Architectural Decoration of the Stična Cistercian Monastery as a Reflection of its Close Connection with the Nobility

The paper offers a systematic overview of the documented burials of laymen in the Cistercian monastery in Sticna and of their influence on the artistic design of the monastery. The oldest proof of its connection to nobility is a circle with a coat-of-arms above the former tomb niche in the northeastern corner of the cloister, next to the original monastic entrance to the church. It was painted before the vaulting of the cloister, which is dated around 1228. According to archival sources, until that year, only the co-founders of the monastery, the Counts of Weichselberg, and their families were buried in the monastery. After the middle of the 13th century, the burials of laymen became more frequent, in accordance with the practice in other Cistercian monasteries. Probably the oldest document referring to the burial of a layman in the church dates back to 1293. The authoress of the paper argues several new interpretations and discusses identifications of the coat of arms, the monastery co-founders’ locations of burial, the identification of persons, who were buried in the burial chapel, and the tomb niche under the oldest coat-of-arms placed in the cloister.

Génesis de la definición cultural del arte mudéjar: los años cruciales, 1975-1984

Testimonio personal del autor, a modo de autobiografía intelectual, en el que se analiza el proceso historiográfico sobre su concepto del arte mudéjar, hasta culminar con la propuesta de una definición cultural que lo considera como un sistema de trabajo alternativo al del arte occidental cristiano europeo y como pervivencia de la tradición artística andalusí en la España cristiana tanto en las estructuras como decoración arquitectónicas, con un papel primordial de los maestros de obras moros.

Restoration of natural stone architectural details and art works – aspect of addition of missing parts

Architectural monuments of Lviv, buildings of its historical center are rich in details made of natural stone. When constructing buildings and performing architectural decoration, limestone was most often used. It is mild and easy to handle stone. In addition it’s an extremely decorative bright white stone, and the parts made from it are called white stone details. Often, architectural details and those that are part of architecture and those that are part of museum collections require restoration, as well as additions as part of restoration work. We will talk about the additions and the methodology of their implementation on the example of diploma works of the students of the Department of Architecture and Restoration of NU Lviv Polytechnic. Addition can be performed in different ways using different technologies. Here it is worth considering the restoration concept, which may be different. Additions can be made in such a way that they are not noticeable, but it can be so that at first sight it is clear which part of the detail is the original, which is an addition or reconstruction. The missing part can be add by way of execution of natural stone. Another method of stone architectural details addition is work with restoration stone masses. If we are talking about white stone architectural details, then the restoration mass is executed on the basis of limestone binder. The technique of working with the restoration masses is historical and traditional, known since the Renaissance. Today, restorers in their practice should be guided by state regulatory documents. The article gives examples of the architectural details addition with the restoration masses performed by the bachelors and masters of the Department of Architecture and Restoration of the Lviv Polytechnic National University. These examples illustrate the methods of working with the restoration mass and its capabilities in the performance of small, delicate, fine details and massive volumes. Its behavior when imitating the color and texture and the ability to work with the restoration mass in different conditions. The methodology described and illustrated in the article, has been tested and proved its capacity.