Original Structure Research Articles

Development and Initial Validation of the Shame Frequency Questionnaire in Medical Students.

This study presents the steps taken to develop and collect initial validity evidence for the Shame Frequency Questionnaire in Medical Students. The instrument was based on a 7-step survey design; validity evidence was collected from content, response process, internal structure, and relationship to other variables. A literature review and qualitative interviews led to the design of the initial 16-item scale. Expert review and cognitive interviewing led to minor modifications in the original structure. Initial pilot testing was conducted in August 2019 in Uniformed Services University (USU) medical students; reliability assessment and exploratory factor analysis were performed. The revised 12-item scale was tested in January 2022 in Duke University School of Medicine medical students; reliability assessment, exploratory factor analysis, and correlation analysis with depression, burnout, anxiety, emotional thriving, and emotional well-being were performed. A total of 336 of 678 USU students (50%) and 106 of 522 Duke students (20%) completed the survey. Initial exploratory factor analysis of the USU data revealed 1 factor (shame), and 4 items were dropped from the scale according to predefined rules. Subsequent exploratory factor analysis of the Duke data revealed 1 factor; no further items were removed according to predefined rules. Internal consistent reliability was 0.95, and all interitem correlations were less than 0.85 for USU and Duke samples. As predicted, mean shame scale scores were positively correlated with anxiety (r = 0.54, P < .001), burnout (r = 0.50, P < .001), and depression (r = 0.47, P < .001) and negatively correlated with emotional thriving (r = -0.46, P < .001) and emotional recovery (r = -0.46, P < .001). The Shame Frequency Questionnaire in Medical Students is a psychometrically sound instrument with strong internal reliability and multisource validity evidence, supporting its use in studying shame in medical students.

Abstract 6126: Understanding disparities in lung cancer using single cell RNA sequencing data transformed by the Gerchberg Saxton algorithm

Abstract Purpose An overarching goal of this study is to reduce disparities in lung cancer research commonly manifested by racial and/or gender under-representations. By employing the Gerchberg-Saxton (GS) algorithm, we aim to diminish data noise/bias in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) gene expression data, thereby enabling more equitable research outcomes. An immediate goal is to remove extensive data bias associated with scRNA-seq data thus enhancing downstream Machine Learning analyses. Background: We have successfully applied the GS algorithm for fairer mortality rate predictions across different racial groups [1]. In this study, we seek to apply the GS algorithm to the scRNA-seq data that interrogate the cellular landscapes of lung cancer and the tumor microenvironment. Methodology: The application of the GS algorithm to single cell RNA data involved a series of steps. Initially, all data frames were transposed, switching columns and rows to represent gene expressions and single cells, respectively. The algorithm was then meticulously applied to each column, allowing for the uniform distribution of certain specific gene expression information across all single cells within the data frame. This column-wise application was crucial to maintain the integrity of individual cell characteristics while ensuring a fair structural distribution of gene expression data. The process aimed to balance the representation of genes across all cells, addressing inherent biases and noises in the original data structure. Data: The study utilizes a previously unpublished scRNA-seq dataset comprising 14 lung cancer patients from Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, including 6 African American and 8 Caucasian patients. Results: One out of 14 preliminary clustering results are presented in Figure 2 using ScanPy [2]. The initial findings are based on a restricted set of cell marker genes, which will be further developed with additional markers in subsequent analyses. With the application of the Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm, the Shannon Entropy [3] analysis revealed a more uniform randomness across gene expressions (Figure 1), and the unsupervised clustering indicated a clearer separation of cell types, significantly enhancing the ability for downstream analyses. The data transformation will be applied to the whole dataset for comparative analyses of cellular landscapes between lung cancer from different races and genders, to be reported at the AACR 2024 Annual Meeting. Conclusions: Our preliminary studies showed that the Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm is effectiveness in normalizing data distribution for scRNA-seq data, which has led to enhanced resolution of cell type differentiations in clustering analysis. With this refined methodology, we are better poised to better address lung cancer health disparities revealed by single cell sequencing analysis. Citation Format: Seha Ay, Liang Liu, Elizabeth Forbes, Umit Topaloglu, Wei Zhang. Understanding disparities in lung cancer using single cell RNA sequencing data transformed by the Gerchberg Saxton algorithm [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 6126.

Mechanical properties of hierarchical porous lattices with microscopic porosity fabricated by combination of lattice design and HSSH process

The hierarchical porous lattice implant with microscopic porosity, which resembles the original human bone structure, has significant potential application value. The microscopic porosity in the hierarchical porous lattice implant plays a crucial role in transporting nutrients and promoting tissue regeneration. However, it is difficult to fabricate microscopic pores smaller than 200 μm by powder bed fusion (PBF) processes due to the limitations of the laser spot size. In this study, the preparation of a hierarchical porous lattice implant with microscopic porosity is proposed by coupling structure design with the high scanning speed - short hatch spacing (HSSH) process formation. The structure-versus-process relationship is used to control the size and distribution of the microscopic pores, which meets the requirements of modulus and high biocompatibility. This proposed process breaks the inherent law where the higher the porosity, the higher the modulus of the lattice for the same lattice type. The modulus and porosity of the hierarchical porous implants could be flexibly tuned over a wide range (0.1–1.8 GPa and 63–84 %, respectively). The microscopic porosity is mainly distributed near the contour of the core rod, and the macroscopic porosity and microscopic porosity are approximately 73.70 % and 8.22 %, respectively. The problem of large errors in fitting the hierarchical porous lattice modulus calculation model according to the Gibson-Ashby equation has been solved. The mechanism of microscopic porosity formation was also analyzed. Furthermore, this method has the advantage of universal applicability, providing a feasible way for the development and application of porous materials.

Abstract 6769: Applications of a novel fibrous extracellular matrix for advanced in vitro cancer models

Abstract Compared to traditional in vitro two-dimensional (2D) planar cell culture system, three-dimensional (3D) mammalian cell culture can better recapitulate physiological environments and the complexity of natural tissues, hence they are crucial in modern biomedical research. Extracellular matrices (ECM) play a key role in in vitro mammalian cell culture systems. The role of the ECM on in vitro 3D cell culture are: 1) to simulate an in vivo-like physiological environment, 2) support cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions, 3) promote cell adhesion, migration, and communication, 4) aid in tissue development, morphogenesis, differentiation, and functioning. Although basal membrane extracts (BME) are the most popular type of ECM supporting 3D modeling in vitro, they often have significant limitations including limited long-term stability, significant batch to batch heterogeneity, restricted cell movement, and relatively high cost for culturing many cancer cell lines. In this investigation, we employ a novel micro-fibrous scaffold that closely mimics natural ECM, providing porous and interconnected networks for 3D culturing of hepatic cells, lung cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer. As revealed by optical and scanning electron microscopy, the scaffold promotes significant cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix interactions. Moreover, we observed improved cell growth in 3D culture over longer periods than 2D culture systems for all cell types examined. We also evaluated the anticancer efficiency of different drugs including Lapatinib, Cisplatin, Docetaxel, Doxorubicin and observed that 2D cultured cells were more sensitive to drugs treatment in comparison to 3D. Furthermore, ECM was observed to support 3D growth and structure formation with cell pools of primary cells achieved from disassociated human tumors. Tumor organoids were able to form within seven days and ready for anticancer screening within 14 days. We achieved an 80% success rate in developing breast cancer organoids from patient tissues. Additionally, tissue granules were also able to be cultured under the same condition, which allowed us to investigate the invasion of cancer cells into tissue. The primary cells from human tumors formed cell clusters resembling the original tumor tissue's structure. In conclusion, the novel micro-fibrous scaffold, closely mimicking natural extracellular matrixes, promotes significant cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix interactions, while also facilitating cell growth over extended periods providing a more physiologically relevant platform for evaluating drug responses for various cancer cell types, further showing the importance of 3D culture systems in cancer research. Citation Format: Navneet Kaur, Dazhi Yang, Jamel Ali. Applications of a novel fibrous extracellular matrix for advanced in vitro cancer models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 6769.

Adaptation and Validation of the Self-Administered Foot Health Assessment Instrument for Portuguese Undergraduate Nursing Students

Background and Purpose:To translate and adapt the Self-Administered Foot Health Assessment Instrument from English to European Portuguese and explore its reliability and validity among undergraduate nursing students in Portugal.Methods:The study was divided into two phases. First, the translation and cross-cultural adaptation followed Beaton’s guidelines, with a pretesting of the final version with 30 students. The validation process used the content validity index with a minimum of 75% agreement between experts and Cronbach’s alpha for internal consistency. The second step provided the results of the principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, which were performed to study the overall fit of the model and item correlations. The STROBE checklist was used.Results:The Portuguese version,Instrumento de Auto-Avaliação da Saúde do Pé(IAASP), showed an overall acceptable evidence regarding content validity and internal consistency. The factor analysis results suggested removing the “Foot pain” dimension from the original scale.Conclusions:IAASP is suggested to maintain the original 22-item structure, with four domains, “Skin health,” “Nail health,” “Foot structure,” and “Foot pain,” being an initial reliable version with interest to measure the current foot health of nursing students. Future studies should contribute to IAASP’s continuous improvement.

Production of resistant starch type 3 from cassava starch with high shear mixing and centrifugation treatment to increase its total dietary fibre content

SummaryCassava starch has a big potential to be a source material for producing low‐calorie starch by converting it to resistant starch. However, its original structure can prevent retrogradation of the amylose fraction to produce resistant starch so that reduce the total dietary fibre value. In this research, high shear mixing (HSM) is used to assist the gelatinisation process to provide disintegration of the cassava starch structure. Centrifugation was carried out to separate the top layers which have a high content of free amylose resulting in better retrogradation. The starch–water suspension was processed using HSM at a rotational speed of 9000–12 000 at 95 °C for 15 min. Then, the starch suspension was separated by centrifugation for 30 min. The product was then analysed using total dietary fibre (TDF), component carbohydrate analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and x‐ray diffraction (XRD). From the analysis results, this method can increase the TDF content of the product up to 14.66% at 12 000 rpm.

Valvar bypass surgery to ameliorate persistent lower limb edema caused by post-thrombotic syndrome: a case report and literature review

Obstruction and/or reflux compromise during venous emptying can facilitate different pathophysiologies in chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). We present a patient with persistent lower limb CVI edema caused by post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS), who responded well to femoral vein valve therapy via axillary vein bypass after unsuccessful valvuloplasty, and led a normal life. During a 12 month observation period, bridging vessels completely restored original anatomical structures. In a literature study, no similar surgeries were reported, but we show that this operation may be feasible in selected patients.

Reliability and validity of the Greek version of the Short Gratitude Resentment and Appreciation Test (S-GRAT-GR)

Gratitude is a psychological notion that has been associated with numerous beneficial outcomes for individuals and communities. The Short Gratitude Resentment and Appreciation Test (S-GRAT), one of the most widely used measure to detect trait gratitude, comprises three subscales that assess lack of a sense of deprivation, appreciation for simple pleasures, and appreciation of others. The present study tested the psychometric properties of the Greek version of the S-GRAT scale. Using a sample of 681 adults from the general population and a smaller separate sample of fifty individuals we found that the scale demonstrated good internal consistency and high test-retest reliability. Explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the original three-dimensional scale structure. Convergent and discriminant validity tests found S-GRAT-Gr total score was significantly correlated with Agreeableness, Intellect, Extraversion, Emotional Stability and Conscientiousness. S-GRAT-Gr also had positive correlations with the Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ-6), the Subjective Happiness Scale and the Satisfaction With Life Scale. S-GRAT-Gr score was found to have a unique impact on Life Satisfaction and Happiness beyond the basic taxonomies of personality and also beyond the GQ-6. Results indicate that the Greek version of the Revised Short Gratitude, Resentment, and Appreciation Test (S-GRAT-Gr) is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing dispositional gratitude in the Greek context.

Research on Safe Wearable Target Detection Technology for Power Production Scenarios based on YOLOv5-C3CA

Aiming at the establishment of a new generation of substation auxiliary equipment detection platform intelligence, this study proposes a power production industry personnel safety wear detection technology based on improved Yolov5-C3CA to meet the demand. First, the network performance is improved by adding the CA attention mechanism module to Yolov5s network; moreover, the CA module is modified to C3CA module and added to the model for more effective addition of the attention mechanism; finally, the AFPN network structure is used to replace the original feature pyramid network structure, which further effectively improves the utilization efficiency of shallow and deep features. The experimental results show that the mean average accuracy of the designed network is improved by 3.9% to 93.1% compared with the original network, and other evaluation indexes are also improved. It can be seen that the model modification in this paper has improved the performance of the detection network, and the improved network meets the requirements of the new generation of substation auxiliary equipment detection platform, which has a positive effect on the safety and reliability of the power production industry.

Discourse analysis of the social structure of the Gunung Kemukus society in Sragen Regency, Indonesia

As times change, a shift is observed in the background of economic stories or myths, which are created by social actors under the guise of prostitution as a means to fulfil a wish. The aim of this article is to examine the social structure of society within the Mount Kemukus Ritual Tourism Area. The writing methodology employed is a qualitative ethnographic approach, utilized to analyze findings from the community regarding changes in the structure of society. The subjects involved in this research encompass the community, tourist visitors, tourism services, academics, cultural activists, and relevant research. The research findings reveal that the social structure of society within the Mount Kemukus Ritual Tourism Area is characterised by a growing belief in the myth of the invisible quest for wealth. These beliefs stem from Javanese teachings or traditions, shaping the societal model around Mount Kemukus into a prismatic society. This signifies a societal model whose developmental trajectory is beginning to diverge from the original unified structure, yet has not fully transitioned to the modern divided structure. The orientation towards a prismatic society entails the coexistence of traditional and modern elements that complement each other.

New psychometric evidence for the thesis advisor abuse scale (EMAT) in Peruvian university students based on classic and modern procedures

Although evidence of mistreatment toward university students in the academic field has been reported for several years, its study in the context of the development of undergraduate research is still emerging. For this reason, it is necessary to have valid and reliable measurement instruments that allow assessing the magnitude of this problem. The objective of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Thesis Advisor Abuse Scale (EMAT, for its acronym in Spanish) in Peruvian university students. A total of 753 university students (women = 57.4%) from the 3 regions of Peru participated. The internal structure was analyzed under an analytical-factorial approach, and the discrimination and difficulty characteristics of the items were evaluated from the perspective of item response theory (IRT). The findings showed evidence supporting the original three-dimensional structure. Furthermore, all the items on the EMAT have good discriminatory power. Additionally, the EMAT proved to be strictly invariant according to sex, and the reliability coefficients reached high magnitudes. It is concluded that the EMAT is an instrument that has adequate psychometric properties to be used as a measure of mistreatment by advisors in the thesis preparation processes in Peruvian university students.

Ni-Co MOF-derived rambutan-like NiCo2O4/NC composite anode materials for high-performance lithium storage

Taking advantage of the large surface area and high porosity characteristic of metal-organic framework (MOF) materials, the synthesis of carbon-coated bimetallic transition metal oxides stands out as an effective strategy to reduce volume expansion, enhance cycling stability, and improve electronic conductivity at the active sites in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). In this research, a novel rambutan-like Ni-Co MOF was successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal method followed by calcination to obtain nitrogen-doped carbon-stabilized hierarchical rambutan-like NiCo2O4 composites (NiCo2O4/NC). The resulting composites inherited the original rambutan-like structure of the Ni-Co MOF, which was characterized by uniform size, highly ordered porosity and large surface area, and showed excellent electrochemical Li+ storage performance. In particular, the NiCo2O4/NC-600 composite exhibited superior cyclic stability and rate capability, maintaining a remarkable reversible charge/discharge specific capacity of 1281.7/1292.7 mAh g−1 after 400 cycles at 0.5 A g−1. In addition, when paired with LiFePO4 in a full cell, it maintained a reversible discharge specific capacity of 143.9 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 0.1 A g−1, indicating commendable cyclic stability. Ex-situ analyses confirmed the pseudo-capacitive behavior of the NiCo2O4/NC composites. Furthermore, the nitrogen-doped carbon layer embedded in the NiCo2O4/NC composites effectively mitigated the volume expansion during repeated Li stripping/plating processes, thereby improving the structural integrity, conductivity, and specific capacitance. This study presents a practical approach for fabricating nitrogen-doped carbon-stabilized bimetallic oxide anodes in high-power LIBs through architectural engineering and compositional tailoring.

Improved YOLOv7 Target Detection Algorithm Based on UAV Aerial Photography

With the rapid development of remote sensing technology, remote sensing target detection faces many problems; for example, there is still no good solution for small targets with complex backgrounds and simple features. In response to the above, we have added dynamic snake convolution (DSC) to YOLOv7. In addition, SPPFCSPC is used instead of the original spatial pyramid pooling structure; the original loss function was replaced with the EIoU loss function. This study was evaluated on UAV image data (VisDrone2019), which were compared with mainstream algorithms, and the experiments showed that this algorithm has a good average accuracy. Compared to the original algorithm, the mAP0.5 of the present algorithm is improved by 4.3%. Experiments proved that this algorithm outperforms other algorithms.

Self-assessment of the characteristics of nurses' work environment and psychometric analysis of the Slovene-language version of the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI)

Introduction: Measures to improve nurses' work environments include ensuring adequate staffing levels, recognising the importance of nursing work, involving nurses in decision-making processes, and improving interprofessional communication. The aim of this study was to analyse the job characteristics reported by nurses and their association with the dimensions of clinical practice environments in hospitals.Methods: A cross-sectional explorative research design was employed. The Slovene-language version of the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI(SI)) and data on nurses' job characteristics were used. A total of 1,010 nurses (403 general care nurses and 605 healthcare assistants) from ten Slovenian general hospitals participated in the study. Permission to conduct the research was granted by the Commission of the Republic of Slovenia for Medical Ethics.Results: The mean score of the PES-NWI(SI) was low (2.64), and the scale reliability was 0.937. The original theoretical five-factor structure was confirmed. The regression model explained the five factors in 26–47% of cases. The explanatory variables included opportunities for advancement, educational opportunities, professional status, satisfaction with current job and work environment, independence at work, and study leave.Discussion and conclusion: The study revealed managers' inadequate ability to ensure sufficient staffing, insufficient involvement of both respondents and managers in hospital affairs, and the lack of promotion opportunities. Creating an optimal work environment for nurses is an important task for managers and leaders. National healthcare policy must consider nurses as equal healthcare professionals and nursing as both a professional and scientific discipline.

Study on the structural origins of glass-forming ability and crystallization behaviors in Ni[sbnd]Nb binary alloys

The limited glass forming ability (GFA) poses a pervasive challenge in different metallic glass (MG) systems. This study systematically investigated the GFA of NiNb binary alloys, particularly those near the eutectic composition, aiming to explore the intrinsic factors contributing to the disparities in GFA among NiNb binary MGs. The relationship between liquid-like atomic structures and resistance to devitrification is thoroughly examined through the application of k-nearest neighbor machine learning methods. The results indicate that the critical diameter of Ni61Nb39, Ni61.5Nb38.5, and Ni62Nb38 MGs reaches upto 2 mm. An amorphous-amorphous transition is discerned within NiNb MGs exhibiting superior GFAs. These alloys exhibit low thermodynamic driving forces for crystallization, resulting in correspondingly elevated fragility coefficients. Furthermore, the presence of icosahedral-like clusters and the probability density of crystal-like clusters are observed to be intricately linked to GFA and the resistance to crystallization in NiNb MGs. The heightened abundance of crystal-like clusters within the liquid-like domain renders the alloy more susceptible to crystallization. Concurrently, icosahedral-like ordered clusters exert a “pinning effect” on the crystal-like regions, effectively inhibiting crystallization. These results collectively shed light on the fundamental nature of glass formation in NiNb binary MGs.

Empathy and Schizotypy: A Network Comparison of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index in High and Low Schizotypy Groups.

Empathy is a multifaceted concept that is vital to effective social functioning; yet, it is impaired in high schizotypy groups. Furthermore, empathy has been found to be a mediator in the relationship between schizotypy and social functioning, highlighting the importance of empathy as a driver in social outcomes. Despite this, the four-factor structure of a widely-used measure of empathy-the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI)-has been found to be psychometrically weak in high schizotypy samples. As such, this study aimed to assess differences in the item-level network of the IRI between high (n = 427) and low schizotypy groups (n = 470). The results reveal that there are significant differences in the structure of these networks, though they evidence similar strengths. Within the high schizotypy group, the network structure was consistent with the four-factor structure of the IRI subscales; items from each subscale clustered together and were distinct from those in the other subscales. By contrast, the low schizotypy group evidenced six clusters that did not mirror the IRI subscales. These results suggest that the item-level structure of the IRI is dependent upon the level of schizotypy of the sample, with the high schizotypy group's network functioning similarly to what would be expected from the original four-factor structure.

Analysis of the Influence of Antenna Arrangement Parameters on the Aerodynamic Performance of Telecommunication Towers

With the widespread adoption of 5G telecommunication networks, to reduce construction costs, it has become necessary to add new equipment or antennas to existing 4G and 3G telecommunication towers. This significantly changes the original aerodynamic shape of the towers, leading to a substantial increase in the wind load, which may exceed the original structure’s bearing capacity and pose a threat to the structure’s safety. This study employed three-dimensional numerical simulation methods to systematically investigate the impact of various antenna arrangement parameters, such as the arrangement number, arrangement form, and arrangement layers, on the wind load characteristics of telecommunication towers. The findings revealed that the antenna arrangement form significantly affects the sensitivity of the telecommunication tower’s wind load to the wind direction, with more uniform antenna arrangements resulting in less sensitivity. Compared to the drag coefficient and the windward base overturning moment coefficient, the tower’s lateral force coefficient and the crosswind base overturning moment coefficient are more sensitive to changes in the wind direction. The change patterns in the tower’s overturning force coefficient and overturning moment coefficient with the antenna arrangement number are essentially the same. However, as the antenna arrangement number increases, the growth rate of the tower’s overturning moment coefficient is about twice that of the overturning force coefficient. The tower’s overturning force coefficient increases approximately linearly with the increase in antenna arrangement layers, while the tower’s overturning moment coefficient exhibits a nonlinear increase with the increase in antenna arrangement layers. The rate of increase in the wind load with the antenna arrangement layers is significantly greater than that with the antenna arrangement number. Thus, to reduce wind load, it is advisable in practical engineering applications to increase the antenna arrangement number per layer, thereby reducing the antenna arrangement layers. The study also summarized a calculation method for the structural wind load of telecommunication towers, taking into account the influence of antenna arrangement parameters, providing a reliable basis for the structural design and safety assessment of telecommunication towers in practical engineering.

Spanish version of Multidimensional Mentalizing Questionnaire (MMQ): Translation, adaptation and psychometric properties in a Chilean population.

This paper presents the first translation and adaptation of the Multidimensional Mentalizing Questionnaire (MMQ) into Spanish for a native Spanish-speaking sample in Chile. The study examines the psychometric properties and internal consistency of the translated MMQ. The instrument undergoes modifications based on a confirmatory factor analysis of the original structure, resulting in the elimination of items with cross-loadings and improvement in model fit. The modified scale is then analyzed, demonstrating strong psychometric properties. Convergent evidence is assessed by correlating MMQ subscales with the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) and Empathy Quotient (EQ), while divergent evidence is assessed by correlating aggressive traits using the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ). The study also explores gender differences and age. Results reveal positive correlations between good mentalizing and empathy, particularly cognitive empathy, supporting the significance of positive mentalization in empathy. Negative mentalization is associated with difficulties in perspective-taking and social skills, as well as aggressive traits. Gender differences in mentalizing capacities are observed, and negative aspects of mentalization decrease with age. The availability of the Spanish translation of the MMQ, the first self-reporting scale measuring mentalization adapted to Chilean population, contributes to research aiming to understand its relationship with other psychological phenomena in different cultural context and facilitating clinical interventions with different population groups. We therefore encourage further investigation into cultural, gender and age differences in mentalization.

Machinability of MoS2 after Oxygen Plasma Treatment under Mechanical Scanning Probe Lithography

The surface of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) underwent oxygen plasma treatment to enhance its machinability and mitigate the tearing effects commonly associated with mechanical forces on 2D materials. This treatment led to the oxidation of the atoms on the top 1–3 layers of MoS2, resulting in the formation of MoO3 on the surface. During mechanical scanning probe lithography (m-SPL), only the surface oxide layer was uniformly removed, with material accumulation occurring predominantly on one side of the machined area. The resolution of the machining process was significantly enhanced via dynamic lithography while maintaining atomic-level smoothness in the machined area. Importantly, these techniques only removed the surface oxide layer, preserving the integrity of the underlying MoS2 surface, which was pivotal in avoiding damage to the original material structure. This study provided valuable insights and practical guidance for the nanofabrication of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) nanodevices, demonstrating a method to finely tune the machining of these materials.

High temperature oxidation behavior of CoCrFeNiMo0.2 high-entropy alloy coatings produced by laser cladding

The oxidation behavior of CoCrFeNiMo0.2 high-entropy alloy laser cladding coatings at 700°C and 900°C was investigated. The oxidation kinetics of the alloys at all temperatures followed a parabolic behavior, with the oxidation rates increasing significantly with increasing temperature. The alloy exhibits excellent oxidation resistance at 700 °C. Compared with the original alloy structure, the segregation of Mo element in the alloy is more serious after high-temperature treatment. Compared with 700 °C, the oxidation degree of the alloy is more intense at 900 °C. The reaction between iron and chromium oxides forms a chromite layer, and the rapid diffusion of iron ions in the layer forms an outer layer of iron oxides. As the oxidation proceeds, the oxide film is separated from the metal, and the chromium oxide layer grows between the spinel layer and the metal. The thermodynamics of the reaction was calculated, the oxidation mechanism of the alloy was explored, and a high-temperature model of the alloy was developed. This study expands the potential applications of high entropy alloys in surface engineering.