Original Structure Research Articles

Analysis and optimization of the heat transfer behavior in the melt-spinning process of Nd-Fe-B ribbons

Heat transfer plays a significant role on the quality of Nd-Fe-B ribbons in the melt-spinning (MS) process. In this paper, the heat transfer behavior in the MS process of Nd-Fe-B ribbons was investigated by experiment and simulation. A full flow channel heat transfer model with high accuracy is established using the “fluid-thermal” coupling method. The temperature distribution of the cooling roller and fluid field in steady-state is obtained. The simulated and experimental results of the outlet temperature are compared and the relative error is within 5%. The microstructures of the free surface and roller-sticking surface of Nd-Fe-B melt-spun ribbons are characterized by FE-SEM, and the refined grains are formed on the roller-sticking surface of Nd-Fe-B ribbons due to rapid solidification caused by the heat transfer from the roller. Moreover, a multi-nozzle structure is proposed for the MS process. The temperature distribution on the surface of the cooling roller in the axial direction is more uniform compared with the original single-nozzle structure, and the average convective heat transfer coefficient is increased by about 1.27 times after the modification of multi-nozzle structure, with a productivity of three times. Finally, the experimental design method of Latin hypercube sampling response surface design is used to obtain the response surface relationships of rotational speed, inlet flow rate, and water inlet temperature on the surface temperature of the cooling roller, respectively. NSGA-II multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) is adopted for multi-objective optimization of process parameters. The optimized combination of process parameters is obtained with a relative error of about 0.41%. The research results are helpful to understand the heat transfer behaviors in the MS process of Nd-Fe-B ribbons, improve the utilization rate of the cooling roller and enhance the production efficiency in the actual application.

Fine quantitative characterization of high-H2S gas reservoirs under the influence of liquid sulfur deposition and adsorption

In order to clarify the influence of liquid sulfur deposition and adsorption to high-H2S gas reservoirs, three types of natural cores with typical carbonate pore structures were selected for high-temperature and high-pressure core displacement experiments. Fine quantitative characterization of the cores in three steady states (original, after sulfur injection, and after gas flooding) was carried out using the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) transverse relaxation time spectrum and imaging, X-ray computer tomography (CT) of full-diameter cores, basic physical property testing, and field emission scanning electron microscopy imaging. The loss of pore volume caused by sulfur deposition and adsorption mainly comes from the medium and large pores with sizes bigger than 1 000 μm. Liquid sulfur has a stronger adsorption and deposition ability in smaller pore spaces, and causes greater damage to reservoirs with poor original pore structures. The pore structure of the three types of carbonate reservoirs shows multiple fractal characteristics. The worse the pore structure, the greater the change of internal pore distribution caused by liquid sulfur deposition and adsorption, and the stronger the heterogeneity. Liquid sulfur deposition and adsorption change the pore size distribution, pore connectivity, and heterogeneity of the rock, which further changes the physical properties of the reservoir. After sulfur injection and gas flooding, the permeability of Type I reservoirs with good physical properties decreased by 16%, and that of Types II and III reservoirs with poor physical properties decreased by 90% or more, suggesting an extremely high damage. This indicates that the worse the initial physical properties, the greater the damage of liquid sulfur deposition and adsorption. Liquid sulfur is adsorbed and deposited in different types of pore space in the forms of flocculence, cobweb, or retinitis, causing different changes in the pore structure and physical property of the reservoir.

Adsorption of Cd(II) on mercapto-palygorskite functional materials with different proportions: Performance, mechanism and DFT study

Cd contamination has cosmopolitan harm and urgent needs to be addressed, the mercapto (-SH) modified materials are emerging in the Cd remediation field. In this study, three mercapto-palygorskite functional materials (0.2MP, 0.5MP, 1.0MP) were prepared by trimethoxysilane (MPTMS) and palygorskite (PAL) with different weight ratios (0.2:1, 0.5:1, 1:1), to investigate the effect of -SH proportions differences on material properties and combination configuration with Cd. The results indicated that mercapto groups grafting occurred on the PAL surface, retaining the original mineral structure. The adsorption capacity improved with the increase of -SH ratio, and 1.0MP (30.06 mg·g−1) was up to about 3 times of PAL (10.07 mg·g−1). The Cd stabilization subjected to the pseudo-second-order kinetic, Redlich-Paterson and Langmuir isothermal model, belonging to monolayer homogeneous chemisorption. Multifaceted characterization revealed that MP utilized mercapto and hydroxyl groups to form complexation with Cd as the dominant action mechanism. The electron transfer that took place from -SH to Cd was confirmed by Bader net change. DFT calculation manifested that bidentate complex S-Cd-S (Ead = −1.089 eV) was the best configuration of -SH combined with Cd due to its lower binding energy than the monodentate complex (Ead = −0.579 eV). This study confirms that MP as a friendly functional material offers a bright application prospect in the treatment of Cd contamination.

High-Precision 3D reconstruction and quantitative structure description: Linking microstructure to macroscopic heat transfer of aerogels

The intricate interplay between microstructure and macroscopic transfer processes in porous materials has long been recognized, yet achieving a definitive link between them remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we propose an effective approach to address this challenge by introducing a high-precision 3D reconstruction and structure descriptor database analysis method of nanoporous aerogels, which enables deeper understanding and accurate predictions of structure-directed properties. By employing focused ion beam-scanning electron microscope (FIB-SEM) technique supplemented with image preprocessing and image segmentation, we successfully built a 3D reconstruction model that exhibits high consistency with experimental results. Then, a structure descriptor database from the view of original porous structure, structure connectivity, and topological information is established, and 10 descriptors are preliminarily filtered relevance with thermal conductivity. Consequently, the quantitative relationship between descriptor and thermal conductivity is evaluated via a back propagation (BP) neural network, and three categories structure descriptors which have the most significant impact are determined as (i) the description of gaseous heat transfer pathways, (ii) the description of three-dimensional connectivity, and (iii) the description of interface complexity. With the profound understanding of structure descriptor, the present work offers a novel, structure-focused strategy that closely link the microstructure to macroscopic properties of porous materials.

Validation of the Portuguese version of the Integration of Stressful Life Experiences Scale (ISLES) in a sample of bereaved individuals

The Integration of Stressful Life Experiences Scale (ISLES) evaluates the ability to integrate stressful experiences into one’s meaning system. The present study developed and validated a version of this scale for a bereaved Portuguese-speaking population, utilizing a sample of 242 adults who had lost a significant other to diverse causes of death. The sample was predominantly female, educated, married, or in consensual unions, and actively employed. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a two-factor structure, consisting of 13 items, showing adequate local and global goodness-of-fit and supporting the proposed original structure. Convergent evidence based on internal structure was found for the two dimensions (Comprehensibility and Footing in the World). Regarding reliability, Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega computed for each factor showed good internal consistency and the average inter-item correlation was considered satisfactory. This psychometric support for ISLES underscores its relevance in enhancing the knowledge of meaning-making processes in the Portuguese context.

Semantics and structure of the concept of “Bogatyrstvo” in epics and modern linguistic consciousness

The subject of the study is the concept of "Bogatyrstvo" and its structural and semantic features. Bogatyrstvo is inextricably linked with the hero and with the plot of epics. In epics, it is perceived as a concept-script, that is, it is formed in the process of the entire narrative. However, the original structure of the concept is presented as a conceptual field of meanings inscribed in a more complex structural formation – the ethical concept of "Courage". The relevance of the research is dictated by the high precedent of the name of the concept and its dominant verbalizers. The semantic field of the concept is explored in etymological, historical and topical layers. The main semantic load of the etymological layer of the concept is formed in the Church Slavonic language. The historical layer is vividly represented in the dictionaries of the XIX and XX centuries, the latter captures the limitation of the "existence" of the concept by the genre of epic. The actual layer is revealed in the process of studying the consciousness of modern students.      The purpose of the article is to identify the reference points (slots) that formed the basis of the concept. A special contribution of the authors and the novelty of the study is the conduct of a semantic experiment, which established that in the minds of modern native speakers, the concept Bogatyrstvo, for which analysis methods were used (analysis of dictionary definitions and contextual analysis of epics), semantic analysis (the "supporting" semantic shares of the concept of "Bogatyrstvo" were identified, their key verbalizers were highlighted) and the method of semantic experiment to identify the modern perception of the concept. The main conclusions of the study: 1) the concept of "Bogatyrstvo" has a static frame structure and a field structure, including slots "spiritual strength" and "physical strength". Spiritual strength lies in the constant readiness to stand up for the motherland as a manifestation of true courage and heroism; in the fate of the hero-defender, ordained from above; in the Christian faith. The physical strength of the hero is, as it were, the personification of the whole strength of the Russian people, given by God. 2) These slots are present in the epics in the dynamic structure of the script: the slot "physical force" unfolds to the whole epic action; the slot "spiritual force" is expressed through the entire epic narrative – this is the very motivation for action. A special contribution of the authors and the novelty of the study is the conduct of a semantic experiment, which established that in the minds of modern native speakers, the concept of "Bogatyrstvo" is presented statically and includes both slots, with the predominance of the slot "spiritual power".

An Adjusted Waveguide Antenna with A Woodpile-Shaped EBG for Eucalyptus Wood Moisture Content Measurement

An Adjusted Waveguide Antenna with A Woodpile-Shaped EBG for Eucalyptus Wood Moisture Content Measurement

부동사형 어미의 구조적 분류를 위한 기준 재검토

In this paper, we attempted to review the problem of classification of Korean converbal endings and suggest syntactic classification criteria. This paper covered the following: Previous problems in classifying converbal endings, variables and criteria for classifying converbal endings based on hierarchical syntactic structure, new directions that can be proposed, etc. The criteria of relational meaning, modification object, and conjunction that were mainly used so far had various problems. To compensate for this, we went back to the original syntactic structure and looked at the variables to be considered. Then, the syntactic classification criteria for converbal endings were summarized. This criteria was prepared by distinguishing the external structure from the internal structure, starting from complementizer, which is an converbal ending. And it was considered necessary to pay attention to the inflection that preceded the complementizer. And the possibility of applying these criteria was also explored.

Influence of Staggered Truss on Progressive Collapse-Resistant Behavior of Steel Frame Structures

In order to study the effect of the support mode of a staggered truss system on the continuous collapse resistance performance of a steel structure, four finite element models were established based on the bracing arrangement of a five-story steel frame structure. The situations of different columns on the first floor removed were classified into eight scenarios, and five models of each scenario were analyzed with nonlinear dynamic analyses. Finally, a computational metric based on energy robustness was proposed to evaluate the robustness of the structure. The results of nonlinear dynamic analyses indicated that the staggered truss system significantly improved the resistance to progressive collapse of steel frame structures and effectively increased the redundancy of steel frame structures. All four bracing methods effectively reduced the vertical displacement at the point of failure, with the peak displacement at the point of failure reduced by a maximum of 84 percent and a minimum of 41 percent compared to a pure frame structure. Moreover, the staggered truss system can reduce some axial force peaks in the adjacent columns adjacent to the failed columns. The structural robustness coefficients of Model A, Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Scheme 3, and Scheme 4 are 1.144, 1.339, 1.306, 1.584, and 1.176, respectively, according to the proposed robustness calculation method, which shows that the braced steel frame structure has improved robustness over the original structure. The staggered truss system improves the robustness of the steel frame structure so that the steel frame structure has better resistance to progressive collapse.

Recent Advances in 4D Printing of Advanced Materials and Structures for Functional Applications.

4D printing has attracted tremendous worldwide attention during the past decade. This technology enables the shape, property, or functionality of printed structures to change with time in response to diverse external stimuli, making the original static structures alive. The revolutionary 4D-printing technology offers remarkable benefits in controlling geometric and functional reconfiguration, thereby showcasing immense potential across diverse fields, including biomedical engineering, electronics, robotics, and photonics. Here, a comprehensive review of the latest achievements in 4D printing using various types of materials and different additive manufacturing techniques is presented. The state-of-the-art strategies implemented in harnessing various 4D-printed structures are highlighted, which involve materials design, stimuli, functionalities, and applications. The machine learning approach explored for 4D printing is also discussed. Finally, the perspectives on the current challenges and future trends toward further development in 4D printing are summarized.

Research on Target Detection Algorithm Based on Aerial Video

For the Yolov5 target detection algorithm, firstly, the DPFEM network is proposed to replace the original BottleneckCSP and C3 network structure for the problem of inadequate feature extraction for small targets, secondly, the MAFFEM module is proposed to alleviate the conflict of feature fusion due to the fusion conflicts brought by the different scales of the feature maps during the feature fusion, finally, the training The results show that the improved Yolov5 algorithm mAP0.5 and mAP0.5:0.95 are improved by 2.2% and 1.7%, respectively, and have certain application potential.

Load-bearing capacity of composite honeycomb sandwich high-speed train floor

ABSTRACT The honeycomb sandwich structure of composite materials has broad prospects for application in the lightweight design of vehicle bodies. This study investigated the influence of relative density and height on an aluminium honeycomb’s out-of-plane quasi-static compression performance through experiments and simulations. The accuracy of the carbon fibre/aluminium honeycomb sandwich panel’s three-point bending model is verified based on the Hashin failure criterion and experimental validation. Furthermore, the load-bearing capacity of the carbon fibre/aluminium honeycomb sandwich floor is analysed, and the factors influencing the load-bearing capacity of the floor are further explored. The results show that the relative density significantly impacts the out-of-plane quasi-static compression performance of aluminium honeycomb, while the height has a minor influence. Compared with the original CRH5-type floor structure, the carbon fibre/aluminium honeycomb sandwich floor has a weight reduction of 45.23%, and it meets the strength requirements under uniformly distributed and concentrated load conditions. Changing the honeycomb wall thickness and panel thickness distribution can improve the load-bearing capacity of the floor.

Quality assurance of 3D-printed patient specific anatomical models: a systematic review

BackgroundThe responsible use of 3D-printing in medicine includes a context-based quality assurance. Considerable literature has been published in this field, yet the quality of assessment varies widely. The limited discriminatory power of some assessment methods challenges the comparison of results. The total error for patient specific anatomical models comprises relevant partial errors of the production process: segmentation error (SegE), digital editing error (DEE), printing error (PrE). The present review provides an overview to improve the general understanding of the process specific errors, quantitative analysis, and standardized terminology.MethodsThis review focuses on literature on quality assurance of patient-specific anatomical models in terms of geometric accuracy published before December 4th, 2022 (n = 139). In an attempt to organize the literature, the publications are assigned to comparable categories and the absolute values of the maximum mean deviation (AMMD) per publication are determined therein.ResultsThe three major examined types of original structures are teeth or jaw (n = 52), skull bones without jaw (n = 17) and heart with coronary arteries (n = 16). VPP (vat photopolymerization) is the most frequently employed basic 3D-printing technology (n = 112 experiments). The median values of AMMD (AMMD: The metric AMMD is defined as the largest linear deviation, based on an average value from at least two individual measurements.) are 0.8 mm for the SegE, 0.26 mm for the PrE and 0.825 mm for the total error. No average values are found for the DEE.ConclusionThe total error is not significantly higher than the partial errors which may compensate each other. Consequently SegE, DEE and PrE should be analyzed individually to describe the result quality as their sum according to rules of error propagation. Current methods for quality assurance of the segmentation are often either realistic and accurate or resource efficient. Future research should focus on implementing models for cost effective evaluations with high accuracy and realism. Our system of categorization may be enhancing the understanding of the overall process and a valuable contribution to the structural design and reporting of future experiments. It can be used to educate specialists for risk assessment and process validation within the additive manufacturing industry.Graphical Context of the figures in this review. Center: Fig. 5+ 7; top (blue): Fig. 8; right (green): Fig. 9; bottom (yellow): Fig. 10; left (red): Fig. 11. A version in high resolution can be found online in the supplementary material.

Experimental investigation of retrofitting seismically damaged reinforced-concrete frames using steel jacketing

Retrofitting seismically damaged structures provides significant economic and social benefits. To investigate the rationality of using steel jacketing to retrofit seismically damaged reinforced concrete (RC) structures, we initially tested a half-scale single-span two-story frame structure under pseudo-static loads to achieve a severe damage state. Subsequently, the structure was retrofitted using steel jacketing and tested under another round of pseudo-static loads. The seismic performances of the original and retrofitted structures were compared. The test results indicated that both the original and retrofitted specimens sequentially developed plastic hinges at the beam ends and the bottom of the columns, indicating a generally similar damage evolution mode. Comparing to the original structure, the retrofitted specimen exhibited an increase of 33% and 78.5% in initial stiffness and strength, respectively. Although the ductility ratio of the retrofitted specimen was reduced by about 14%, the ultimate drift ratios of both specimens exceeded the threshold value (1/50), indicating an adequate deformation capacity. The retrofitted specimen exhibited a certain degree of pinching behavior on the hysteretic curve because of the presence of extensive inclined shear cracks at the mid span of the beams and the progressive failure of the anchoring of the strengthening steel angle at the beam ends and column base. Consequently, the energy-dissipation coefficients of the retrofitted specimen were lower than those of the original specimen. Based on the test, the finite element analysis modeling method for RC frame structures retrofitted using steel jacketing was also studied. By comparing the numerical simulation analysis results with the experimental ones, the reliability of the proposed numerical simulation method was verified. This study can serve as a foundation for the practical application of steel jacketing to retrofit seismically damaged RC structures.

Learning Regression Distribution: Information Diffusion from Template to Search for Visual Object Tracking

Article Learning Regression Distribution: Information Diffusion from Template to Search for Visual Object Tracking Shuo Hu *, Jinbo Lu, and Sien Zhou 1 School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066000, China * Correspondence: hus@ysu.edu.cn     Received: 5 July 2023 Accepted: 19 October 2023 Published: 26 March 2024   Abstract: The general paradigm of traditional Siamese networks involves using cross-correlations to fuse features from the backbone, and this paradigm is limited by the inductive bias of the convolution kernel, resulting in the lack of global information. In this paper, we propose the Siamese learning regression distribution (SiamLRD) to address the local limitations of traditional cross-correlation operations on feature fusion and weak self-connections between features within different branches. The SiamLRD uses the cross-attention mechanism to replace cross-correlations between the features of the target region of interest and the template so as to enhance flexibility. Firstly, the original transformer structure is improved to be suitable for convolutional Siamese networks. The improved transformer architecture is then used to replace cross-correlation operations, resulting in more comprehensive feature fusion between branches. Secondly, we introduce a new decoder structure into the novel fusion strategy to enhance the correlation between classification scores and regression accuracy during decoding. Multiple benchmarks are used to test the proposed SiamLRD approach, and it is verified that the proposed approach improves the baseline with 5.8% in terms of AO and 9.7% in terms of SR0.75 on the GOT-10K dataset.

Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-biphosphate (PIP2)-Dependent Thermoring Basis for Cold-Sensing of the Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin-8 (TRPM8) Biothermometer

The menthol sensor transient receptor potential melastatin-8 (TRPM8) can be activated by cold and, thus, serves as a biothermometer in a primary afferent sensory neuron for innocuous-to-noxious cold detection. However, the precise structural origins of specific temperature thresholds and sensitivity have remained elusive. Here, a grid thermodynamic model was employed, to examine if the temperature-dependent noncovalent interactions found in the 3-dimensional (3D) structures of thermo-gated TRPM8 could assemble into a well-organized fluidic grid-like mesh network, featuring the constrained grids as the thermorings for cold-sensing in response to PIP2, Ca2+ and chemical agents. The results showed that the different interactions of TRPM8 with PIP2 during the thermal incubation induced the formation of the biggest grids with distinct melting temperature threshold ranges. Further, the overlapped threshold ranges between open and pre-open closed states were required for initial cold activation with the matched thermo-sensitivity and the decrease in the systematic thermal instability. Finally, the intact anchor grid near the lower gate was important for channel opening with the active selectivity filter. Thus, PIP2-dependent thermorings in TRPM8 may play a pivotal role in cold sensing.

Enhanced energy storage properties of silver niobate antiferroelectric ceramics with A-site Eu3+ substitution and their structural origin

AgNbO3 (AN)-based lead-free antiferroelectric ceramics are widely studied for their use as dielectric capacitor materials. In this study, Eu3+-doped AN ceramics were prepared and the results show that Eu3+ diffused into the AN lattice. The ceramics were formed by M1 and M2 phases coexisting at room temperature, as distinct from the M1 (M: monoclinic) phase of pure AN. Electrical properties and structural characterization showed that the antiferroelectric stability of the ceramics increases with the increase in Eu3+ levels. At room temperature, Ag0.94Eu0.02NbO3 ceramic exhibited a good energy storage density of 5.3 J/cm3 and a high efficiency of 71.9%. When the temperature rises from room temperature to 140 °C, the efficiency of the sample decreases from 80.4% to 67.1% and Wr decreases from 2.1 to 2.0 J/cm3, which indicates that the sample has good temperature stability. The time constant (t0.9) of this sample was less than 60 ns and the power density (PD) was 51.3 MW/cm3, indicating excellent charge–discharge capabilities. This novel ceramic is expected to be used as a new dielectric capacitor material for pulsed power supplies.

Pyrolysis of macroalgae: Insight into product yields and biochar morphology and stability

Pyrolysis of biomass residues into biochar is seen as a feasible way to mitigate climate change by biological carbon storage (carbon dioxide removal, CDR) and to substitute fossil fuel with sustainable biofuel. This study applies a combination of flash and ramp heating pyrolysis, and organic petrography to investigate the hydrocarbon (biofuel) potential and biochar stability and morphotypes of eight brown, red, and green macroalgal species of different tissue complexity. The carbon stability of biochar derived from macroalgae has not previously been assessed using organic petrography (reflectance measurements) and evaluated in the context of the geological carbon cycle. The biochar, hydrocarbon, and CO + CO2 yields vary due to different chemical composition of the macroalgal species, but the product yield variations are not related to the brown, red, or green macroalgal groups. The total biofuel yield shows an inverse trend with biochar yield. A slower heating rate produces more biochar and higher CO + CO2 and lower biofuel yields than the combined flash pyrolysis and faster heating rate. The morphotype composition of the biochar was qualitatively examined by reflected light microscopy while carbon stability was assessed by random reflectance (Ro) measurements. The diverse morphotype compositions observed in biochar formed under similar pyrolysis conditions likely stem from variations in the original algal composition. While some biochar samples show morphologies resembling the original macroalgal structure, porous morphotypes predominantly characterize the biochar samples overall. Despite a maximum pyrolysis production temperature (PT) of 650 °C, the highest mean Ro value among all biochar samples is 2.91%, corresponding to a carbonization temperature (CT) of 526 °C. This observation is tentatively related to the less lignocellulosic structure of the macroalgae compared to terrigenous biomass. Four biochar samples have their entire Ro distribution range above the inertinite benchmark (IBRo2%) of Ro = 2% indicating high carbon stability. Conversely, the remaining four biochar samples exhibit Ro distributions extending below IBRo2%, indicating the presence of a carbon fraction with lower long-term stability in soil. The statistically significant inverse relationship observed between the mean Ro values and the peak hydrocarbon generation temperature (Tmax) can be attributed to the behavior of residual macromolecules within the biochar. When these macromolecules reach peak biofuel generation at a lower temperature, they undergo carbonization over a more extended time interval during pyrolysis. Consequently, this prolonged exposure to the pyrolysis process leads to higher degrees of carbonization, as reflected by higher Ro values. In conclusion, the findings from pyrolysis and organic petrography reveal: (1) Macroalgae demonstrate potential for biofuel production, although biofuel yields contingent upon both the species of macroalgal and the heating rate employed, and (2) This study documents for the first time that flash+ramp pyrolysis of macroalgae yields biochar suitable for long-term carbon storage. However, both the carbon stability inferred from Ro frequency distributions and biochar yields show variations across different macroalgal species and heating rate.

Acetylation of cotton knitted fabrics for improved quick drying after water absorption

Quick drying after water or sweat absorption is an important function of underwear. In this study, the hydroxy groups of cotton knitted fabrics (CFs) were partially acetylated, maintaining the original fabric structure. The following three heterogeneous acetylation processes were used: Ac-I (Ac2O/H2SO4/toluene), Ac-II (Ac2O/H2SO4/AcOH/water), and Ac-III (Ac2O/AcONa) systems (Ac2O, acetic anhydride; AcOH, acetic acid; AcONa, sodium acetate). Acetylated cotton knitted fabrics (AcCFs) with degree of substitution (DS) ≤ 0.5 and yields of > 80% were prepared. AcCFs prepared with the Ac-III system gave high degree of polymerization (DP) values of > 1500, whereas those prepared with the Ac-II system exhibited low DP values of ≤ 400. The moisture contents of AcCFs at 20 °C and 65% relative humidity decreased from 7.1 to 4.7% with increasing DS value up to 0.46; introducing hydrophobic acetyl groups into the CFs decreased their hydrophilic nature. Quick drying similar to that of a polyester fabric was achieved for some of the AcCFs with DS values of < 0.2. When the acetyl groups in the AcCFs were homogeneously distributed across each fiber width (achieved for AcCFs prepared with the Ac-II system), quick drying was evident in the AcCFs. The crystallinities and crystal widths of cellulose I for the AcCFs with DS values of ≤ 0.28 were almost unchanged compared with those of the original CFs. However, neither the crystallinities nor crystal widths of cellulose I were directly related to quick drying after water absorption. Thermal degradation of the AcCFs varied between the acetylation systems, and depended on the DP values and/or the presence of sulfate ester groups in the AcCFs.Graphical

Government R&amp;D Subsidies and Firms&amp;apos; Innovation Performance: Empirical Evidence Based on Listed Companies in the New Energy Industry

At present, China is actively changing the original energy consumption structure, reducing the use of traditional fossil energy and vigorously promoting the green development of new energy. To stimulate technological innovation and promote economic growth is the direction and principle of the current industrial policy, and to increase the investment of R&amp;D funds and enhance the independent innovation ability is the way to accelerate the construction of China&amp;apos;s core competitive strength, so it is necessary to scientifically assess the impact of government R&amp;D subsidies on the innovation performance of enterprises. The government&amp;apos;s investment of R&amp;D funds also plays an important role in the new energy industry, which is characterized by technological innovation, government R&amp;D funding also plays an important role in the new energy industry characterized by technological innovation. In this paper, we select the panel data of listed companies in the new energy industry from 2006 to 2020 as the research object to empirically analyze the relationship between government R&amp;D subsidies and corporate innovation performance. Based on the results of benchmark regression in this paper, the overall results show that government R&amp;D subsidies are conducive to the improvement of corporate innovation performance in the new energy industry. This study aims to explore the effect of government R&amp;D subsidies on enterprise innovation performance and put forward feasible suggestions to understand the role of government subsidies in the process of enterprise R&amp;D and innovation activities from a deeper perspective.