Original Statement Research Articles

Best Practices in Telecritical Care: Expert Consensus Recommendations From the Telecritical Care Collaborative Network.

Telecritical care (TCC) refers to the delivery of critical care using telehealth technologies. Despite increasing utilization, significant practice variation exists and literature regarding efficacy remains sparse. The Telecritical Care Collaborative Network sought to provide expert, consensus-based best practice recommendations for the design and delivery of TCC. We used a modified Delphi methodology. Following literature review, an oversight panel identified core domains and developed declarative statements for review by an expert voting panel. During three voting rounds, voters agreed or disagreed with statements and provided open-ended feedback, which the oversight panel used to revise statements. Statements met criteria for consensus when accepted by greater than or equal to 85% of voters. The oversight panel included 18 multidisciplinary members of the TCC Collaborative Network, and the voting panel included 32 invited experts in TCC, emphasizing diversity of discipline, care delivery models, and geography. None. We identified ten core domains: definitions/terminology; care delivery models; staffing and coverage models; technological considerations; ergonomics and workplace safety; licensing, credentialing, and certification; trust and relationship building; quality, safety, and efficiency, research agenda; and advocacy, leading to 79 practice statements. Of 79 original statements, 67 were accepted in round 1. After revision, nine were accepted in round 2 and two in round 3 (two statements were merged). In total, 78 practice statements achieved expert consensus. These expert consensus recommendations cover a broad range of topics relevant to delivery of TCC. Experts agreed that TCC is most effective when delivered by care teams with specific expertise and by programs with explicit protocols focusing on effective communication, technical reliability, and real-time availability. Interventions should be tailored to local conditions. Although further research is needed to guide future best practice statements, these results provide valuable and actionable recommendations for the delivery of high-quality TCC.

An Approach to Bektashi Anecdotes from the Perspective of Relief Theory: Mental Aberration or Substitution of Humour

Many philosophers have approached the nature of laughter and various ideas have been put forward in the period from the classical period to the present day. One of the relevant ideas was created by the pioneers of relief theory, who sought the nature of laughter in the act of release from psychological pressure. Relief theory appears as one of the most difficult subjects to diagnose, as a result of its dependence on certain psychological conditions, within the framework of the ecology of Turkish laughter. Bektashi narratives, in which the Turkish–Islamic synthesis is intensely seen, probably take the lead among the Turkish anecdote types that can be included in the subject area of relief theory. In the Ottoman geographical region of the 13th century, Bektashism, which was established with a mystical Sufi understanding based on Hacı Bektaş Veli, started to generate products with an intense subject of laughter over time. It is known that Bektashism, which is the continuation in Anatolia of the Turkish Sufi tradition initiated by Hoca Ahmet Yesevi in the 11th century in the Khorasan region, was also respected by the Ottoman Empire for a long time. Bektashism, which is a continuation of the cultural understanding of Islam, became the subject of anecdotes as a type as a result of certain historical events. In Bektashi narratives, which are reflected in anecdotes as a type, it is easy to determine the situation that causes laughter but difficult to make an analysis of why the matter in question is laughed at. From the narrator’s point of view, there is a fear as to why he/she is telling the story, and, from the listener’s point of view, there is a feeling of having sinned because he/she is laughing. Bektashi anecdotes, which have an element of laughter other than the classical laughter elements based on equivoke, consist of a suppressed fear in their content. The act of laughter, which occurs when the suppressed fear causes sudden relief, reveals the feeling of having sinned based on the aggressive attitude of the anecdote towards religious figures that has been aroused in the person. This situation brings along the necessity of explaining the laughter element in Bektashi anecdotes with the theory of relief. The interpretation of Bektashi anecdotes based on the views of Sigmund Freud, one of the pioneers of relief theory, on laughter and its relationship with the unconscious has made it possible to evaluate this in the context of “substitution” theory. The theory of substitution, a mechanism identified by Freud on the interpretation of dreams and the content of anecdotes or jokes, occurs in cases where a statement and its response deviate from the direction indicated by the original statement. For the formation of the theory, which is characterised as a psychological deviation or a product of faulty reasoning, a subject contrary to social norms must be dealt with, laughter must not depend on equivoke and it must be found in the last response of a conversation. Based on these data, five Bektashi anecdotes have been identified using the sampling method in the article and substitution theory has been applied to the identified jokes.

Enabling FuSE Security Objectives by Leveraging Cyber Survivability Methods

AbstractThe importance of system security continues to grow as systems become more complex, more connected, and more vulnerable. The INCOSE Vision 2035 sets goals for systems engineering (SE) as a discipline in enabling engineering solutions for a better world: “By 2035, cybersecurity will be as foundational a perspective in systems design as system performance and safety are today” (INCOSE, 2024). A key objective of the INCOSE Future of Systems Engineering (FuSE) Security Foundations Roadmap is to recognize system security as a fundamental part of the mission, integrated into the system architecture, and not “bolted‐on” as a separate subsystem or set of features in the detailed design. To achieve this, systems engineering must address system security early in the system lifecycle, during the mission analysis and concept development phase and ensure it is addressed as a functional requirement throughout the systems engineering lifecycle. System security needs must be treated as fundamental system capability.The INCOSE FuSE Security foundations roadmap identifies six (6) objectives and eleven (11) foundational concepts necessary to achieve the FuSE vision for system security (Dove, et al., 2021). Five of the objectives and five of the foundational concepts are directly related to systems acquisition and engineering lifecycle processes. The five key foundational concepts are: Stakeholder Alignment, Security as a Capability, Security as a Functional Requirement, Loss Driven Engineering and Modeled Trustworthiness.The Operational Test and Evaluation (OT&E) community has extensive cyber assessment and execution processes mandated through numerous Department of Defense (DoD) and individual service policies, directives and guidebooks. This paper studies several of the cybersecurity assessment and process guidebooks, analyzing the processes and methods to identify areas where systems engineering should be responsible, and which SE activities and outputs are needed to enable the requirements of each guidebook.This paper examines six OT&E cyber security guidebooks, and the methods and processes they describe to achieve system security in relation to the five foundation concepts. In addition to their test and evaluation processes, each describes systems engineering processes, activities and outputs that could be used to form the initial foundation of a system security technical process.While the original INCOSE vision statement uses the term “cybersecurity,” the FuSE Security initiative is adopting the term “system security” to emphasize that this is a system engineering responsibility as opposed to software engineering or information technology task. As a result, the analysis of the cybersecurity guidebooks will be in the context of “system security.”

Mean dependency length — a new metric for requirements quality

AbstractThis paper proposes the mean dependency length (MDL) as a metric for measuring natural language requirements quality. Dependency length is a linguistic feature based on dependency grammar, which natural language researchers have traditionally used to evaluate syntactic complexity in other contexts. In this study, aided by MATLAB‐based algorithms, the authors assessed MDL over a requirements set composed of 249 original statements, rephrased into five pattern systems. Null hypothesis and effect size testings revealed that MDL is sensitive to the application of pattern rules and to the differences among the patterns, both in an absolute approach and in comparison with other metrics. Furthermore, it was also demonstrated that MDL is aligned with users' values, especially for understandability issues, and can be measured automatically. Finally, the work concluded that MDL is a convenient metric for assessing the quality of natural language requirements.

The Great Thoughts on Human Beings by Karl Marx

Marxist philosophy does not prioritize the question of human beings in connection to the theory of capital and surplus value, the materialist dialectic and the socio-economic formation, or the proletarian class and socialism. The primary objective of Marxism does not pertain to the inquiry into the nature of human beings. However, Marx's ideas regarding human beings, mostly introduced during his early years, remain significant enough to be included in the body of human thought as a considerable doctrine. They hold great importance in the field of human sciences and in the pursuit of human freedom. As we celebrate the 200th anniversary of Karl Marx's birth, we will examine and assess the significant ideas that Marx had about human beings that are relevant to the current era: 1) Human beings are inherently human entities; 2) The natural world represents the intangible manifestation of human beings; 3) Human beings are distinct individuals, encompassing their actions and material circumstances; 4) The fundamental nature of human beings is derived from the amalgamation of social interactions; 5) The unrestricted growth of each individual is a prerequisite for the unrestricted growth of all individuals. These concepts are actually of immense magnitude. Presently, these ideas continue to serve as the fundamental principles of numerous human disciplines. These beliefs serve as the foundational worldview and methodological principles for numerous social theories in reality. The presentation of Marx's ideas on human beings, as shown in several published works, frequently varies. In light of the aforementioned five primary components, our objective is to faithfully adhere to the canonical works of Marx, refraining from incorporating any further insights beyond his original statements. This approach aims to provide an accurate depiction of Marx's own perspective on the nature of humanity.

Potential Misinformation in the Official Disability Guidelines About the Diagnosis and Treatment of Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy.

We selected statements in the Official Disability Guidelines that had the potential to reinforce misconceptions regarding symptoms from rotator cuff tendinopathy. These statements were revised and presented with the original statement to specialists. Twelve statements regarding rotator cuff tendinopathy were identified as deviating from principles based on ethics, values, and the evidence regarding both pathophysiology and human illness behavior. One hundred fifteen upper extremity surgeons reviewed both original and revised versions of the statements and indicated their preference. We found that upper extremity surgeons preferred 3 revised statements, 4 Official Disability Guidelines statements, and 5 were rated as neutral between the 2 statements. Statements revised for evidence, ethics, and healthy mindset were not preferred by specialists, which may indicate limited awareness about how negative thoughts and distressing symptoms impact human illness.

Updated ACVIM consensus statement on equine herpesvirus-1.

Equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) is a highly prevalent and frequently pathogenic infection of equids. The most serious clinical consequences of infection are abortion and equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy (EHM). The previous consensus statement was published in 2009 and considered pathogenesis, strain variation, epidemiology, diagnostic testing, vaccination, outbreak prevention and control, and treatment. A recent survey of American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine large animal diplomates identified the need for a revision to this original consensus statement. This updated consensus statement is underpinned by 4 systematic reviews that addressed key questions concerning vaccination, pharmaceutical treatment, pathogenesis, and diagnostic testing. Evidence for successful vaccination against, or effective treatment of EHV-1 infection was limited, and improvements in experimental design and reporting of results are needed in future studies of this important disease. This consensus statement also updates the topics considered previously in 2009.

Principles of Analytic Validation of Immunohistochemical Assays: Guideline Update.

In 2014, the College of American Pathologists developed an evidence-based guideline to address analytic validation of immunohistochemical assays. Fourteen recommendations were offered. Per the National Academy of Medicine standards for developing trustworthy guidelines, guidelines should be updated when new evidence suggests modifications. To assess evidence published since the release of the original guideline and develop updated evidence-based recommendations. The College of American Pathologists convened an expert panel to perform a systematic review of the literature and update the original guideline recommendations using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. Two strong recommendations, 1 conditional recommendation, and 12 good practice statements are offered in this updated guideline. They address analytic validation or verification of predictive and nonpredictive assays, and recommended revalidation procedures following changes in assay conditions. While many of the original guideline statements remain similar, new recommendations address analytic validation of assays with distinct scoring systems, such as programmed death receptor-1 and analytic verification of US Food and Drug Administration approved/cleared assays; more specific guidance is offered for validating immunohistochemistry performed on cytology specimens.

On [formula omitted]-neighborly reorientations of oriented matroids

We study the existence and the number of k-neighborly reorientations of an oriented matroid. This leads to k-variants of McMullen’s problem and Roudneff’s conjecture, the case k=1 being the original statements. Adding to results of Larman and García-Colín, we provide new bounds on k-McMullen’s problem and prove the conjecture for several ranks and k by computer. Further, we show that k-Roudneff’s conjecture for fixed rank and k reduces to a finite case analysis. As a consequence we prove the conjecture for odd rank r and k=r−12 as well as for rank 6 and k=2 with the aid of the computer.

On quantitative metastability for accretive operators

Kohlenbach and the author have extracted a rate of metastability for approximating curves associated to continuous pseudocontractive self-mappings in Banach spaces which are uniformly convex and uniformly smooth, whose convergence is due to Reich. In this note, we show that this result may be extended to Reich’s original convergence statement involving resolvents of accretive operators.

(Re-)Reading Sklar (1959)—A Personal View on Sklar’s Theorem

In this short communication, I share some personal thoughts on Sklar’s theorem and copulas after reading the original paper (Sklar, 1959) in French. After providing a literal translation of Sklar’s original statements, I argue that the modern version of ‘Sklar’s theorem’ given in most references has a slightly different emphasis, which may lead to subtly different interpretations. In particular, with no reference to the subcopula, modern ‘Sklar’s theorem’ does not provide the clues to fully appreciate when the copula representation of a distribution may form a valid basis for dependence modelling and when it may not.

Рождение категории фантастического в русской эстетической мысли

The article attempts to identify the time when the category “fantastic” appeared in the aesthetic thought of the Pushkin era. Common and fixed in the poetics of this time was another, close in meaning, term “chudesnoe” (“miraculous”). It denoted the “supernatural” (a concept that has become crucial in literary fantastic) but did not fundamentally differ from similar phenomena, such as rare, unexpected, and extraordinary. According to the National Corpus of the Russian Language, the word “fantastic” finds frequent use only after 1830, which chronologically coincides with the period of active perception of foreign romantic prose in Russia, in particular the genre of the fantastic story. In most cases, the new lexeme appears in fiction, keeping “etymological” meaning (related to fantasy, dream, imagination). Many original statements and translations, however, reflect another trend: the “fantastic” in them describes a particular kind of composition or type of narrative, as well as the features of poetics inherent in these works. As such, the word acquires a wide range of meanings and evaluative characteristics, some of which reveal similarities with the semantic content of the concept of “fantastic literature” in contemporary studies. The publication in which a conceptual interpretation of the “fantastic mode of writing” was first proposed in Russian was the translation of Walter Scott’s article “On the Supernatural in Fictitious Composition, and particularly in the works of E.T.W. Hoffmann” (in Russian translation: “O chudesnom v romane” (“About the wonderful in the novel”)) (1829).

'Abject and True Remorse': Loyalism and the Politics of Regret in Northern Ireland

ABSTRACT: This article examines the politics of apologies from loyalist armed groups. Using the CLMC 1994 ceasefire statement as a case study, it is based on original survey data; semi-structured interviews with ex-combatants, victims and others; and archival research. It also draws on the academic literature on apologies, transitional justice, political violence, historical institutionalism, literary criticism and the sociology of legitimacy and identity. It examines the broader role of apologies in post-conflict Northern Ireland before focusing on the political and historical context of the CLMC statement and its role as a palimpsest for subsequent loyalist engagement on legacy issues. It suggests that a close reading of the original statement and its afterlife reveals important apology-related themes concerning timing, presentation, leadership and truth recovery. Finally, the paper examines the vexed issues of collusion and criminality. It concludes that loyalists can exercise further agency and leadership through apologies before exiting the political stage.

Doświadczenie kryzysu jako składnik zbiorowej pamięci przedsiębiorców

Objective – To identify and explain the reasons leading the company to a micro‑scale crisis, which is independent of the market crisis. Research method – The use of in‑depth qualitative interviews with entrepreneurs. They covered entrepreneurs working in the profession for at least twenty years and representing the sector of micro, small and medium‑sized enterprises. Result – The experience of a company crisis on a microscale is an individual experience for each entrepreneur, independent of the market situation. It is the building block of the collective memory of entrepreneurs. Originality / value / implications / recommendations – Based on in‑depth qualitative research, using original statements of entrepreneurs, it has been proven that the company’s crisis, perceived as a sudden event, has its genesis in informal institutions, including ethical and cultural principles in interpersonal relations. A large role in mitigating the effects of the crisis is played by the word, the language of everyday communication of entrepreneurs with clients, contractors, as well as those in power with this professional group.

Wurden in Verbindung mit der Negation nj „prädikative“ oder „abstrakt-relativische“ sDm=f-Formen verwendet?

“Were predicative or nominal sDm=f forms used in negative constructions of the type nj sDm=f?” This contribution deals with the theoretical question of whether the simple negative con­structions of the type nj + sDm=f contained predicative/circumstantial or nominal/substantival forms. After presenting the research history beginning with the theories of Polotsky, an overview of the matter in the grammars and monographs on Egyptian grammar and also recent contributions to the theme is given. In the main part the problem is discussed on three levels: the morphological level, the syntactic level and the original statement of Polotsky itself. The results are: On the morphological level, it is more likely that the simple negative constructions contained predicative forms. On the syntactic level, it cannot be excluded that the forms were nominal; however, pragmatic reasons make it more probable that there existed a distribution nj + pred. sDm=f for the simple type vs. nj + nom. sDm=f + js for the nominal type. For the original statement of Polotsky it is argued that the evidence for his theory was overgeneralized, and that there is no compelling reason to identify the forms as nominal.

Generically partisan: Polarization in political communication.

American political parties continue to grow more polarized, but the extent of ideological polarization among the public is much less than the extent of perceived polarization (what the ideological gap is believed to be). Perceived polarization is concerning because of its link to interparty hostility, but it remains unclear what drives this phenomenon. We propose that a tendency for individuals to form broad generalizations about groups on the basis of inconsistent evidence may be partly responsible. We study this tendency by measuring the interpretation, endorsement, and recall of category-referring statements, also known as generics (e.g., "Democrats favor affirmative action"). In study 1 (n = 417), perceived polarization was substantially greater than actual polarization. Further, participants endorsed generics as long as they were true more often of the target party (e.g., Democrats favor affirmative action) than of the opposing party (e.g., Republicans favor affirmative action), even when they believed such statements to be true for well below 50% of the relevant party. Study 2 (n = 928) found that upon receiving information from political elites, people tended to recall these statements as generic, regardless of whether the original statement was generic or not. Study 3 (n = 422) found that generic statements regarding new political information led to polarized judgments and did so more than nongeneric statements. Altogether, the data indicate a tendency toward holding mental representations of political claims that exaggerate party differences. These findings suggest that the use of generic language, common in everyday speech, enables inferential errors that exacerbate perceived polarization.

Interpreting eyewitness confidence: Numeric, verbal, and graded verbal scales

AbstractIn empirical research, eyewitnesses typically report their confidence numerically (e.g., “I'm 90% sure”). In contrast, in the field, lineup administrators typically ask witnesses to explain their confidence verbally, in the witness' own words (e.g., “I'm quite sure”). Across three studies, we explored how evaluators assess verbal confidence statements: both freely reported and reported using a graded verbal scale. Results showed wide variability in the interpretation of both kinds of confidence statements. Even when evaluating seemingly very strong statements of verbal confidence (e.g., “completely certain”) participants did not necessarily translate these statements into the strongest levels of numeric confidence. Variability in the interpretation of verbal confidence was particularly pronounced for low confidence statements. Moreover, participants preferred to report their confidence numerically rather than verbally. These results indicate the importance of documenting confidence verbatim at the time of the lineup so that the meaning of the witness' original confidence statement is preserved.

Passion is key: High emotionality in diversity statements promotes organizational attractiveness.

To attract and retain a more diverse workforce, organizations embrace diversity initiatives, expressed in diversity statements on their websites. While the explicit content of diversity statements influences attitudes towards organizations, much less is known about the effect of subtle cues such as emotions. In three pre-registered studies, we tested the effect of positive emotionality in diversity statements on attitudes towards organizations. Study 1 focused on the degree to which 600 European organizations employed emotionality in their diversity statements, finding that although their statements differed in the level of emotionality, on average, organizations avoided highly emotional words. Study 2 (N = 220 UK participants) tested the effect of original diversity statements on readers' attitudes towards an organization, demonstrating that the level of emotionality in the existing statements did not influence positive attitudes towards the organization. In Study 3 (N = 815 UK participants), we thus modified the diversity statements so that they contained high levels of positive emotionality that triggered more positive emotions and resulted in more positive attitudes towards an organization. Taken together, highly emotional words (e.g. passionate; happy; wholeheartedly) are key in diversity statements if organizations wish to increase their attractiveness among potential employees.

Role of β-blockers in the cardiovascular disease continuum: a collaborative Delphi survey-based consensus from Asia-Pacific

Objective This Delphi method of consensus was designed to develop scientific statements for β-blockers in the continuum of cardiovascular diseases with a special focus on the role of bisoprolol. Methods Eleven experienced cardiologists from across the Asia-Pacific countries participated in two rounds of the survey. In the first round, experts were asked to rate agreement/disagreement with 35 statements across seven domains regarding the use of β-blockers for treating hypertension, heart failure, coronary artery diseases, co-morbidities, as well as their safety profile, usage pattern, and pharmacokinetic variability. A consensus for a statement could be reached with >70% agreement. Results Except for seven statements, all attained consensus in the first round. In the second round that was conducted virtually, the experts re-appraised their ratings for the seven statements along with a critical appraisal of two additional statements that were suggested by experts in the preceding round. At the end of the second round, the final version included 36 statements (34 original statements, two statements suggested by experts, and the omission of one statement that did not attain consensus). The final version of statements in the second round was disseminated among experts for their approval followed by manuscript development. Conclusion Attainment of consensus for almost all statements reconfirms the clinical benefits of β-blockers, particularly β1-selective blockers for the entire spectrum of cardiovascular diseases.

The QSEN Competency Legacy Threaded Through the Entry-Level AACN Essentials: Shaping the Future.

For the last 17 years, the Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) prelicensure competencies and knowledge, skill, and attitude (KSA) statements were integrated into nursing curricula. With the publication of the competency-based American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) Essentials , it is important to determine the overlap of the QSEN competencies. We developed a QSEN-AACN prelicensure crosswalk to help faculty map and integrate the 2021 AACN Essentials into their curriculum. The 6 QSEN competencies match to the 10 AACN Essentials domains except for evidence-based practice, which is listed as a concept. Fifty graduate-level QSEN KSAs were found to better align with prelicensure education and therefore important to integrate into the crosswalk. All but 1 of the original prelicensure QSEN KSA statements and all but 2 of the 50 transferred graduate-level QSEN KSAs were found in the AACN Essentials . Faculty implementing the QSEN framework can use the QSEN-AACN competency crosswalk and QSEN teaching strategies to guide their AACN Essentials journey.