Original Spelling Research Articles

The correct original spelling of the specific name of Guerrerostrongylus zeta (Travassos, 1937) (Nematoda, Heligmonellidae), parasitic in South American rodents.

In 1937, Travassos described a new species of nematode in the genus Longistriata Schulz, 1926. He referred to it seven times as L. zetta in the main text, but also five times as L. zeta in the figure legends. This nominal species is currently assigned to the genus Guerrerostrongylus Sutton and Durette-Desset, 1991. The complete bibliography referring to this species from 1937 to date comprises only 22 works. Although the spelling 'zetta'has prevailed since 2011, the correct original spelling of its specific name remains unsettled. Acting as First Revisers under Articles 24.2.3 and 32.2.1 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, we hereby choose 'zeta' as the correct original spelling of the specific name of this nematode, thus rendering 'zetta' an unavailable incorrect spelling. In making this choice, we have taken into account Travassos' obvious intention to name the species after the sixth letter of the Greek alphabet and the longer use of the spelling 'zeta' in the relevant literature, especially in those works in which 'zeta' (never 'zetta') was first combined with other generic names. We believe that standardizing the use of the spelling 'zeta' as the correct original spelling is the best way to stabilize this name.

Data from “A Registered Report Testing the Effect of Sleep on DRM False Memory: Greater Lure and Veridical Recall but Fewer Intrusions After Sleep”

This paper describes a rich dataset from a registered report investigating sleep’s effect on false memory in the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm. 534 young adults completed free recall either shortly or 12 hours after studying lists of semantic associates (e.g., hospital, nurse). Collected online, our recall data showcase high data quality, replicating classic behavioural effects (e.g., serial position curve). The dataset contains raw recall data with original spelling and recall order, accompanied by demographic information (e.g., gender, time-of-day preference). Its versatility supports reuse in modelling memory decay and search processes, understanding lexical effects and individual differences, and benchmarking online memory studies.

Nomenclatural history of Megalonyx Jefferson, 1799 (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Pilosa, Megalonychidae).

Both authorship and spelling of the extinct giant sloth genus Megalonyx and its type species, M.jeffersonii (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Pilosa, Megalonychidae), have been inconsistent. The genus-group name has been cited with two different authorships and three dates, and it has been spelled with two different suffixes. The species-group name has been cited with four different authors and dates, and it has been spelled with two different endings. Megalonyx Jefferson, 1799 is the first valid use of the genus-group name; the correct original spelling has the -onyx suffix. The type species of Megalonyx is Megatheriumjeffersonii Desmarest, 1822; the correct original spelling has an -ii ending. A vernacular word, megalonyx, refers to species classified in the genus Megalonyx Jefferson, 1799.

The attitudes of Poles from Lithuania towards original spelling of personal names

The article aims at analysing the attitudes and motivations of a group of 100 Lithuanian Poles, mainly from culturally homogeneous Polish families, regarding the evaluaƟtion of the spelling and the changes in the spelling of personal names. The quantitative study is based on the analysis of an awareness questionnaire conducted among Lithuanian Poles aged 34–70. This article not only outlines the existing legal framework on this issue, but also explains the dominant attitudes of the Polish minority towards the prospect of transcribing the surnames and first names of Lithuanian national minoriƟ es according to the original phonetic sound, albeit without the inclusion of diacritical marks. The analysis of the questionnaires showed that 57% of the respondents expressed their willingness to take advantage of the opportunities offered by the proposed legislative changes, while 25% were against the changes. Among the motivations for change, the desire to preserve and cultivate the Polish language dominated. This article contributes to a deeper understanding of the dynamics of identity change in multi cultural societies with respect to attitudes towards language issues. Keywords: spelling of names and surnames – Polish minority – Lithuania – language policy.

Taxonomic and nomenclatural reassessment of the Iberian Peninsula's nomina obscura, Scolopendraviridipes Dufour, 1820 and S.chlorotes L. Koch in Rosenhauer, 1856 (Chilopoda, Scolopendromorpha, Scolopendridae).

The taxonomic identities of the two largely neglected Scolopendra Linnaeus, 1758 species from continental Spain, S.viridipes Dufour, 1820 and S.chlorotes L. Koch in Rosenhauer, 1856, are examined in this paper. After efforts in locating both species' type series in eight European institutions, the specimens are considered to be lost. Consequently, the identifications of both taxa were approximated by collating their descriptions with the morphology of all other sympatric Scolopendromorpha. Then, compatible topotypes for both species were collected, and among these a neotype for each taxon were selected and compared with the type series of their respective closest relatives. Finally, both S.viridipes and S.chlorotes are proposed to be conspecific with S.oraniensis Lucas, 1846. Therefore, the name S.viridipes is here established as (senior) syn. nov. and nomen oblitum of S.oraniensis, S.oraniensis is declared as nomen protectum, and S.chlorotes (junior) syn. nov. is reallocated to S.oraniensis. Moreover, the specimens making up the type series of S.oraniensis are also indicated and redescribed, the genitalia are illustrated for the first time, and its specific epithet is briefly reviewed, remaining unaltered in respect of its original spelling.

The thylacine (Thylacynus cynocephalus): a rebirth starting from the name

The generic name of the thylacine has two variants (or spellings), Thylacinus (meaning “marsupial”) and Thylacynus (“marsupial dog”), both created in the same zoological work by C. J. Temminck (1824). For the reasons explained here, the name that Temminck meant to use was Thylacynus. The variant Thylacinus became dominant after a mistaken use in an important nomenclature reference book by S. A. Neave (1935‒1941). However, according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (Articles 24.2.3‒4), Temminck is to be considered the First Reviser, and the selected spelling (Thylacynus) is thereby to be fixed as the correct original spelling.

World Catalogue of the family Lonchaeidae (Diptera, Cyclorrhapha, Acalyptratae).

A catalogue of world species of Lonchaeidae is provided. Ten valid genera and 611 valid species in two subfamilies are listed. For each valid species the list includes author, year of publication, full publication name, page number of original description and, where known, type locality and type depository. All validly named taxa described before 1 January 2023 are included and for species where there are issues relating to taxonomy, distribution, type status or type depositories, 84 supplementary notes are provided. Colour plates are provided showing a representative species of each genus. The world distribution of Lonchaeidae is tabulated by genus, species and biogeographical realm. Details on species that occur in more than one realm and information on online maps that are available for each species is provided. A synopsis of the fauna of each realm is given that includes references to the key literature sources. The use of following nominal genus as valid is necessary due to the previously used nominal genus not meeting ICZN publication standards: Priscoearomyia Morge, 1963a (previously considered a junior synonym of Protearomyia McAlpine, 1962), new status. The following is a new genus authority necessary due to the previously used authority not meeting ICZN publication standards: Neosilba Waddill & Weems: 1978 (for Neosilba McAlpine, 1962). The following four genus names are new synonyms: Dasyops Bezzi, 1891 (= Dasiops Rondani, 1856), Lonchaba Korytkowski & Ojeda 1971(= Lonchaea Fallén, 1820), Protearomyia Hennig, 1967 (= Priscoearomyia Morge, 1963a) and Togocesa Koçak & Kemal, 2010 (= Lonchaea Fallén, 1820). The following five names represent new species authority details necessary due to the previously used names not meeting ICZN publication standards, or previous mistakes or uncertainties: Priscoearomyia cordillerensis (McAlpine, 1983) (for Protearomyia cordillerensis McAlpine, 1962), Priscoearomyia greciana (McAlpine, 1983) (for Protearomyia greciana McAlpine, 1962), Priscoearomyia martinia (McAlpine, 1983) (for Protearomyia martinia McAlpine, 1962). Lonchaea orientalis MacGowan, 2013 (for Lonchaea orientalis MacGowan, 2007). Neosilba certa (Walker, 1853) (for Neosilba certa (Walker, 1850-1856), Neosilba certa (Walker, 1850) and Neosilba certa (Walker, 1852)). The following four species names are new synonyms: Lonchaea angustitarsis Malloch, 1920a (= Lonchaea deutschi Zetterstedt, 1837), Lonchaea avida McAlpine, 1960 (= Lonchaea choreoides Bezzi, 1923), Lonchaea palpata Czerny, 1934 (= Lonchaea peregrina Becker, 1895), Silba malaysia MacGowan, 2007 (= Silba kuantani MacGowan, this work). The following 12 species names are new combinations: Priscoearomyia cordillerensis (McAlpine, 1983; Protearomyia McAlpine, 1962), Priscoearomyia greciana (McAlpine, 1983: Protearomyia McAlpine, 1962), Priscoearomyia hermonensis (MacGowan & Freidberg, 2008: Protearomyia McAlpine, 1962), Priscoearomyia iberica (MacGowan 2014a: Protearomyia McAlpine, 1962), Priscoearomyia jonesi (MacGowan & Reimann, 2021: Protearomyia McAlpine, 1962), Priscoearomyia mallochi (McAlpine, 1983: Protearomyia McAlpine, 1962), Priscoearomyia martinia (McAlpine, 1983: Protearomyia McAlpine, 1962), Priscoearomyia occidentalis (MacGowan 2016: Protearomyia McAlpine, 1962), Priscoearomyia rameli (MacGowan, 2014a: Protearomyia McAlpine, 1962), Priscoearomyia trichopleura (McAlpine, 1983: Protearomyia McAlpine, 1962), Priscoearomyia withersi (MacGowan, 2014a: Protearomyia McAlpine, 1962), Silba malaysia (MacGowan 2005a; Lonchaea Fallen, 1820) The following new replacement name was necessary due to homonymy: Silba kuantani MacGowan (for Silba malaysia MacGowan, 2007), The following three species are removed from the Lonchaeidae: Lonchaea albimanus Walker, 1858, Lonchaea brasiliensis Walker, 1853 and Lonchaea discrepans Walker, 1861. A First Reviser action was taken on Neosilba laura and N. lauraea Strikis, 2011 with N. laura being chosen here as the correct original spelling.

Solving nomenclatural problems of genus-group names of the cuckoo-wasps (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae): objectively invalid and unavailable names, new type-species designations, new names, a new genus and new synonymies.

Information is provided for 143 objectively invalid or unavailable genus-group names used in Chrysididae; 34 are objectively invalid, of which 18 are junior homonyms (five of these are also currently junior subjective synonyms), 18 are junior objective synonyms (two of these are also junior homonyms) of which seven are unjustified emendations, and two are unnecessary replacement names. The remaining 109 names are unavailable; 96 are incorrect subsequent spellings, most of them were originally lapsus calami or misprints, one is hereby deemed to be an incorrect original spelling, eight are nomina nuda, three were originally published as junior synonyms and never adopted before 1961 as valid names of any taxa, and one is a vernacular name previously considered as valid. Gender, type species, taxonomic history and status are given for each name except for incorrect subsequent spellings and unjustified emendations. Some cases of homonymies with taxa currently classified as non-animal are discussed. For two such junior homonyms, denoting genus-group taxa considered as valid in the present work, new replacement names are proposed: Linsenmaierella Rosa & Pavesi nom. nov. for Chrysidella Linsenmaier, nec Pascher; and Rhipidochrysis Rosa & Pavesi nom. nov. for Pleurochrysis Bohart, nec Pringsheim. New generic synonymies are established: consequent on new type-species designations, Leptoglossa Klug becomes a junior objective synonym of Parnopes Latreille syn. nov., and Pyrochloris Klug becomes a junior objective synonym of Euchroeus Latreille syn. nov.; Pseudodichrysis Trautmann is a junior objective synonym of Dichrysis Lichtenstein syn. nov. and the latter is in turn a junior subjective synonym of Chrysis Linnaeus. Platycelia Dahlbom is selected by the authors, acting as First Revisers, as the correct original spelling, and the simultaneously published Platycoelia is therefore deemed to be an incorrect subsequent spelling. The validation of Philoctetes Abeille de Perrin, not available when originally proposed, is discussed. Morphochrysis Rosa & Pavesi gen. nov. (type species: Chrysis pulchella Spinola) is here described; it includes members of the Chrysis pulchella species group previously included in Gonodontochrysis Semenov-Tian-Shanskij & Nikol'skaya, an unavailable name. The Chrysis zaravshanica species group is merged with the pulchella species group. A new specific synonymy within this group is proposed: Chrysis zaravshanica Tarbinsky syn. nov. of C. personata Semenov-Tian-Shanskij.

(228–232) Proposals on orthography: Diacritical signs

(228–232) Proposals on orthography: Diacritical signs

(233–240) Proposals on orthography: Epithets honouring persons

(233–240) Proposals on orthography: Epithets honouring persons

Особенности употребления иноязычных вкраплений в «Скорбном листе душевнобольных яснополянского госпиталя» Л.Н. Толстого

The article is devoted to the study of L.N. Tolstoy’s multilingualism on the basis of unexplored from a scientific point of view “Mournful list…” The author of the article focuses on the peculiarities of the use, the meaning and the functions of foreign language inclusions in this work by Tolstoy. The article analyzes word formation, including the combination of different languages in phrases or words. In this regard, problems arise in identifying languages in foreign inclusions and choosing a translation based on authentic grammatical forms. The author of the article proposes possible solutions in each case. The appeal to manuscripts and various publications of the “Mournful list…” contribute to the restoration of the original spelling of some foreign language inclusions and the definition of the meaning nearest to the author’s intention. The research also appeals to the diaries of the writer and the memoirs of his family members. The ideological content of the “Mournful list…” is interconnected with the works of L.N. Tolstoy of the 1880s, which are identical in theme and problematic. Thus, the paper clearly shows the value of the “Mournful list…” not only for the biography, but also for the work of L.N. Tolstoy.

Axonomic revision of the Australian native bee subgenus Australictus (Hymenoptera: Halictidae: Halictini: genus Lasioglossum) – “Wood-Splitting Axe Bees”

Walker, K.L. 2022. Taxonomic revision of the Australian native bee subgenus Australictus (Hymenoptera: Halictidae: Halictini: genus Lasioglossum) – “Wood-Splitting Axe Bees”. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 81: 135–162. The Australian Lasioglossum Curtis 1833 subgenus Australictus Michener 1965 is revised. Of the 11 available names listed by Michener (1965) for the subgenus Australictus, six are placed in synonymy. A species placed by Michener (1965) in the Lasioglossum subgenus Parasphecodes Smith 1853 is recombined to the subgenus Australictus, and four other species, placed in Parasphecodes by Michener (1965), are synonymised with this valid, recombined taxon, and the species name of the taxon is reverted to its original spelling. In addition, a species placed in Australictus by Michener (1965) is synonymised with a valid species in the Lasioglossum subgenus Chilalictus Michener 1965. These changes provide five valid names for the subgenus Australictus. New synonymies, recombined names and valid species proposed for Lasioglossum (Australictus) are as follows: New synonymies – Lasioglossum (Australictus) kurandense (Cockerell 1914) syn. nov., Lasioglossum (Australictus) nigroscopaceum (Friese 1917) syn. by Cockerell 1929 but listed by Michener (1965: 165) as valid = Lasioglossum (Australictus) davide (Cockerell 1910a); Lasioglossum (Australictus) insculptum (Cockerell 1918) syn. nov., Lasioglossum (Australictus) rufitarsum (Rayment 1929) syn. nov. and Lasioglossum (Australictus) fulvofasciae Michener 1965 syn. nov. = Lasioglossum (Australictus) tertium (Dalla Torre 1896); Lasioglossum (Australictus) franki (Friese 1924) syn. nov. = Lasioglossum (Chilalictus) orbatum (Smith 1853). New combination and new synonymies – Lasioglossum (Parasphecodes) lithuscum (Smith 1853) comb. nov. moved to Lasioglossum (Australictus) lithusca; Lasioglossum (Parasphecodes) adelaidae (Cockerell 1905) syn. nov., Lasioglossum (Parasphecodes) griseipenne (Cockerell 1929) syn. nov., Lasioglossum (Parasphecodes) stuchilum (Smith 1853) syn. nov., Lasioglossum (Parasphecodes) wellingstoni (Cockerell 1914) syn. nov. = Lasioglossum (Australictus) lithusca. Valid is Lasioglossum (Australictus) plorator (Cockerell 1910b). New female subgeneric mandibular characters are added to Michener’s (1965) diagnostics for Australictus – mandible with elongated and enlarged preapical tooth, reduction in width of basal tooth at apical end and in dorsal view, broadening of width at base of mandible. The mandibular modifications, widening of the head basally and enlarged gena are associated with Australictus behaviour to nest in wood rather than ground nesting in soil as is usual for Halictidae bees. The shape of the female mandible, especially in dorsal view, resembles a wood-splitting axe – hence the common name coined here, “Wood-Splitting Axe Bees”. Australictus is the first record of wood-nesting bees for Australian Halictidae. All valid species are redescribed; keys to both sexes, montage diagnostic images and distribution maps are provided to assist with species identification.

Nine new species of Trigonopterus Fauvel (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) from Sundaland.

The DNA of Trigonopterus specimens from the Sundaland region stored between ten and 32 years in museums could be used for next-generation sequencing. The availability of their cox1 sequence allowed the description of the following nine new species: Trigonopterusgrimmi sp. nov., T.johorensis sp. nov., T.lambirensis sp. nov., T.linauensis sp. nov., T.microreticulatus Riedel, Trnka & Wahab sp. nov., T.mulensis sp. nov., T.sarawakensis sp. nov., T.siamensis sp. nov., and T.singaporensis sp. nov. The alternative original spelling of the name T.tounensis Narakusumo & Riedel is chosen to prevail over T.tounaensis Narakusumo & Riedel. The new species represent the first country records of Trigonopterus for Brunei, Singapore, and Thailand. Thus, the genus´ known area of distribution in the Sundaland region is significantly extended. A key and a catalogue are provided to the Trigonopterus species from Borneo, W-Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand.

“Authorial Intention”: Some Thoughts on a Noble Lie of Scholarly Editing

The article adresses the practice of critical editing in Poland. The author, Paweł Bem, calls for an evaluation of theoretical thought underlying the practice of establishing critical editions meant to refl ect an author’s intention, and promotes the New Philology paradigm for scholarly editing. The New Philology perspective provides a methodological background for handling each text as a unique artifact. Bem also advocates for respecting original spellings and opposes standard modernization practices in scholarly editing.

Bolesław Prus’s Pharaoh(s) – Two Literary Visions of the Human Condition and Our Fascination with Ancient Egypt

Abstract This paper discusses two publications and two “pharaohs” (fictitious protagonists) in the historical and Egyptological context of a short story and a novel by Polish writer Aleksander Głowacki (a.k.a. Bolesław Prus). It looks at the observations of a writer fascinated by the dramas of powerful, extraordinary people and visions of a civilization that were firmly embedded in Poland and the whole of Europe at the end of the nineteenth century. The first discussed publication is a short story, A Legend of Old Egypt, on Ramzes (all names given in original spelling provided, either by the author in the case of the short story or the translator in the case of the novel) and his grandson, Horus – the first work in which Prus used “historical costume” to comment on the present and on the human condition. The plot of the masterpiece, Pharaoh, takes place in ancient Egypt and is a story of Ramses XIII’s life. The authors of this paper intend to explore the complexity of Prus’s protagonists against a historical and Egyptological background.

Braziers and the Hellenistic koiné in the kitchen: the case of Paphos, capital of Cyprus

Portable braziers played a very important role in ancient kitchens. Stoves with a stand, fire bowl and three supports were very common in Middle and Late Hellenistic times (2nd century BCE and late 2nd century to 30 BCE, accordingly), but they do not seem to have been imported in large numbers to Cyprus. The paper discusses the finds from Cyprus, and from Paphos in particular, the island’s capital from the end of the 3rd century BCE, which is where most of the finds come from. The research entails a re-examination of the stoves from the House of Dionysos (original spelling after Hayes 1981) and the mostly unknown material from the University of Warsaw excavations in the Maloutena area. Fabrics were distinguished by macroscopic observation with the naked eye using a hand lens, identifying macroscopic groups (MG). Paphos is suggested as a potential place of production, as well as a major importer of stoves, an idea that should be clarified by future archaeometric analyses.

Az Erdélyi Római Katolikus Státus igazgatótanácsának 1873-as újjáalakulása és dualizmus kori tevékenységi köre

The Roman Catholic Status of Transylvania is an institution that still operates today and has a long history. The present study reviews a slice of the history of Board of Directors of Status, which was a leading group of the institution. The research bears the peculiarities of church history research, using the available resources, taking into account the characteristics of the period as well. The text of the study contains excerpts from contemporary protocols and drafts, as well as archival documents. When rewriting, we retained the terms and the original spelling, as this way we can more authentically convey the thinking of the age and the ways of its official documentation. Given the complexity of the topic, we decided to briefly analyze church policy relations in the second half of the nineteenth century. In addition to the complexity of the study, the need for the analysis is also justified by the fact that in the second half of the nineteenth century and at the beginning of the twentieth century, for the most part during the time of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, many changes took place in the relationship between the church and the state, both on a theoretical and practical level, which had a decisive effect on the relationship between the Transylvanian Roman Catholic Status and the Hungarian government.

Zapobieganie chorobom psychicznym na szczeblu Korpusu

Referat wygłoszony 19 grudnia 1945 r. na Zjeździe Polskich Lekarzy Wojskowych w Bolonii [1,2]. Tematem referatu jest profilaktyka zaburzeń psychicznych w 2. Korpusie Polskim we Włoszech w okresie od zakończeniu działań wojennych (maj 1945 r.) do ewakuacji Korpusu do Anglii (jesień 1946 r.). Przedstawiono organizację pomocy psychiatrycznej oraz zasady postępowania zapobiegawczego w najczęstszych postaciach zaburzeń psychicznych i zaburzeń zachowania w specyficznych warunkach powojennego rozprzężenia, niejasnej sytuacji politycznej i niepewności co do osobistej przyszłości żołnierzy. Omówiono rolę „Ośrodka dla Wyczerpanych”, formy terapii oraz niemedyczne strategie zapobiegawcze w ograniczaniu hospitalizacji psychiatrycznych, ewakuacji na tyły i zwolnień z wojska. Artykuł, opublikowany w 1946 r. w nieudostępnianym powszechnie „Pamiętniku zjazdowym”, wypełnia lukę w wiedzy na temat profilaktyki psychiatrycznej w Polskich Siłach Zbrojnych na Zachodzie oraz przypomina postać doktora Konstantego Świdra (1908–1965), zasłużonego psychiatry wojskowego, zapomnianego w powojennej Polsce. W przedruku artykułu zachowano oryginalną terminologię i pisownię.

(123–125) Proposals on the retroactivity of conservation

(123–125) Proposals on the retroactivity of conservation

Reading and Not Reading “The Faerie Queene”: Spenser and the Making of Literary Criticism

Reading and Not Reading “The Faerie Queene”: Spenser and the Making of Literary Criticism