Original Production Research Articles

Imaginative storytelling – novel immersive production practices and processes for mobile cinematic, interactive 360-degree and real-time VR

ABSTRACT This article adopts creative practice research to explore novel Virtual Reality (VR) production practices and processes for mobile cinematic VR (MCVR), parallel interactive narratives in VR (PIN VR) and real-time VR (RT VR). As a result of Creative Practice research, Imaginative Storytelling analyses and describes these original production approaches and processes for immersive storytelling and illustrates emerging aesthetic formations, which shape new imaginative experiences in VR. These diverse representations of VR are examined through three case studies, A New Dawn [A New Dawn. 2021. Dir. Schleser (VR). Australia. Swinburne University of Technology.], Table for Two [Table for Two. 2022. Dir. Remedios (VR). India. Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad].) and Phases of Motion [Phases of Motion. 2021/2023. Dir. Berrett (VR). Australia. Swinburne University of Technology]. Each experience focuses on exploring innovative production processes for moile cinematic, interactive 360-degree and real-time VR. By means of outlining three distinctive approaches to VR production, contemporary developments and new directions in immersive storytelling are demonstrated. This research contributes to the expansion of storytelling and storyliving approaches in which navigators become co-creators of VR experiences.

Spatial Remodeling of Industrial Heritage from the Perspective of Urban Renewal: A Case Study of Coal Mine Site in Jiaozuo City

Resource-oriented cities are faced with the problems of the decline of traditional industries, exhaustion of resources, and wastage of space. Faced with these problems, urban renewal has become an important role and is widely used in the reuse of old and abandoned spaces. As a historical witness of the industrial revolution and urbanization process, coal mine industrial heritage not only has the value of material heritage but also carries rich historical and cultural information. However, with the adjustment of industrial structure, much coal mine industrial heritage has gradually lost its original production function and become neglected idle space in cities, and industrial buildings and equipment in these spaces have been abandoned or dismantled. The study takes the Wangfeng Mine site in Jiaozuo City, Henan Province as an example, combined with the urban development history and current situation of Jiaozuo city, it discusses the remodeling strategy of industrial heritage space from the perspective of urban renewal. Firstly, through case analysis, historical data sorting, and field research, the study integrated the historical development context of the Jiaozuo coal mine site and its impact on the urban spatial pattern, secondly, discussed the practical problems in the reuse process of industrial sites, and finally proposed specific spatial remodeling strategies based on the conjugation theory. This included determining how to deal with the three pairs of conjugated relations between protection and development, function and ecology, and history and modernity so as to make the spatial remodeling strategy of industrial sites more scientific and sustainable. To promote the sustainable and healthy development of urban industrial heritage space.

Vaccine Quality Challenges in Secretly Traded H5 and H9 Avian Influenza Vaccines in Nigeria

Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) especially the highly pathogenic subtype H5Nx causes Avian Influenza (AI) disease and it is a major threat to the poultry industry and public health worldwide. Vaccination is one of the control measures in many countries, though restricted in Nigeria. As such, some poultry farmers secretly employ imported H5 and H9 AI vaccines to vaccinate their chickens. This study investigated the antigenic quality of these imported vaccines. Four imported vaccine brands were tested using Hemagglutination (HA) test and Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RTPCR). All four vaccine samples tested negative in the HA test, indicating a lack of detectable HA antigen titer. Similarly, RT-PCR failed to amplify the targeted region of the viral matrix gene in any of the vaccine samples against reference control. These negative results are of great concern and suggest that the imported H5 and H9 vaccines lack essential antigens that could stimulate antibodies. Thus, potentially rendering them ineffective against circulating AI subtypes. The failure in antigenic quality could be due to myriads of factors including improper storage, transport (often due to illegal import), or limitations in the original vaccine production process. Regardless of the specific cause, these findings highlight the potential risks associated with the use of unregulated vaccines. Poultry farmers who use these imported vaccines may be incurring unnecessary costs while receiving a false sense of security for their flocks. In conclusion, due to the apparent lack of efficacious antigens, we suggest a quality monitoring of imported H5 and H9 vaccines in Nigeria for compliance with local regulations on vaccine use, biosecurity measures and investigation into the root causes of the vaccine failure observed in this study.

IUP Technological Signatures or Mousterian Variability? The Case of Riparo l'Oscurusciuto (Southern Italy)

In the Italian peninsula, the Late Middle Paleolithic exhibits significant technological diversity, featuring blades, points, and bladelets. Assemblages displaying these distinctive characteristics have, in some cases, been labeled as Musteriano evoluto or Evolved Mousterian, and they are interpreted as contributing to the technological and typological variability within the Middle Paleolithic. In this study, we report the results of a detailed technological analysis of the lithics recovered from the latest layers preserved at Riparo l’Oscurusciuto (SU1 to SU3) in southern Italy. These layers were previously attributed to the Late Mousterian based on their chronological age and a preliminary techno/typological analysis of a small number of artifacts. Our comprehensive analysis of entire assemblages reveals the presence of original technological features, including blades, bladelets, and specific production of micro-points on flake cores. Some of these technological traits are comparable to those recently described at Grotte Mandrin in south-eastern France, which have been attributed to an early phase of the Initial Upper Paleolithic and associated with one modern human tooth. The study confirms the variability of the Late Middle Paleolithic in southern Italy and emphasizes the necessity to reassess it considering recent theories on the earlier arrival of Homo sapiens in Europe and their potential interaction with local populations.

Dense Water Production in Storfjorden, Svalbard, From a 1‐Year Time Series of Observations and a Simple Model: Are Polynyas in a Warming Arctic Exporting Heat to the Deep Ocean?

AbstractThe formation of dense Brine‐enriched Shelf Water (BSW) in Storfjorden is analyzed during Winter 2016–2017 from mooring observations, a polynya model nudged to satellite observations, and an original BSW production model. The ice season was two months shorter than average, yet 44.2 of sea ice were formed, in line with estimates for the period preceding the atlantification of the Barents Sea in the mid‐2000s: A thinner, more fragile ice may favor polynya openings and frazil ice production. A saline specimen of BSW was produced in large volumes, corresponding to an annual mean transport of 0.042 Sv, larger than previous estimates. The important production is due to the preconditioning of the polynya with a more saline source water, exceeding the pre‐2005 values by 0.37. The BSW overflow was observed on the West Spitsbergen shelf slope from hydrographic sections down to 750 m, thus entering the Norwegian Sea Deep Water layer. Its core temperature was about C warmer than the pre‐2005 values owing to the entrainment of a warmer water in Storfjordrenna, suggesting that a part of the excess surface heat of the Barents Sea could be exported into the deep ocean. Overall our results suggest that dense water formation in the Storfjorden polynya may not, at least for now, be hampered by the atlantification of the Barents Sea, and perhaps even temporarily favored by the more saline source water. Anomalous atmospheric warming during the Winter‐Spring may however disrupt the production, as was observed 1 year before.

Inks of the Bologna Scroll: A Preliminary Study

Abstract: This study presents the results of the first scientific tests carried out on the inks of the 'Bologna Scroll' (Biblioteca Universitaria di Bologna, Rotolo 2). Written c. 1200 in Spain or Provence, the Bologna Scroll is the oldest known surviving complete Torah scroll. Some Jewish sources require that Torah scrolls, which serve a liturgical function, be written using carbon ink to be considered valid for ritual use. The goals of this study were to determine whether multiple inks were used in the production and correction of the scroll and to identify the ink type (carbon, mixed, or iron-gall) of each of these inks. Near-infrared reflectography suggested that all inks tested—in both the original text and corrections—were iron-gall inks. A limited array of tests using X-ray fluorescence demonstrated that the main text of the scroll was originally written using at least two inks, although there is no obvious paleographical indication that more than one scribe wrote the main text. Hence, the original scribe may have switched inks at some point during the original production of the scroll.

Streaming women: Hayu, Passionflix and gendered demographics in subscription video-on-demand

The focus of most academic analysis of subscription video-on-demand (SVOD) services so far has been on “first tier” platforms like Netflix and Prime Video. These platforms are spending and charging significant amounts of money to adopt a generalist strategy that rhetorically disregards demographics . However, not all SVODs operate in this manner. This article will consider examples of second (subsidiary) and third (independent) tier SVODs for whom traditional demographic thinking remains fundamental to their core business model. We examine second tier service Hayu and third tier service Passionflix as female-targeted SVODs that represent a spectrum of approaches to gendered curation, from the online extension of reality programming long-linked to cable interests, to the production and promotion of softcore erotica SVOD originals. We combine analyses of catalogues, interfaces, marketing, paratexts, and original production to consider how SVODs conceptualise, address, and court female audiences in different ways.

A Combined Discrete Event Simulation and Factorial Design Experiment for the Scheduling Problem in a Hybrid Flow Shop

Production plants have always been confronted with the problem of scheduling, as this has a direct impact on production time and therefore on production costs. This is especially true in today's world, where it is necessary to produce a quality product at a low price and in a short time, while at the same time responding flexibly to customer demands. Due to the complexity and for economic reasons, testing different variants in a real production environment is insufficient and ineffective. For this reason, this paper proposes a new method that combines discrete event simulation and factorial design experiment to find the optimal schedule in hybrid flow shop. It was tested with the goal of achieving the minimum makespan. The results show that this method makes it possible to find improved solution very quickly. Compared to the original production schedule, the makespan could be reduced by 3 hours and 31 minutes which is reduction of 16.3%. The proposed methodology can be used in many discrete and process production plants.

Research on Blast Furnace Ingredient Optimization Based on Improved Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm

Blast furnace ironmaking plays an important role in modern industry and the development of the economy. A reasonable ingredient scheme is crucial for energy efficiency and emission reduction in blast furnace production. Determining the right blast furnace ingredients is a complicated process; therefore, this study examines the optimization of the ingredient ratio. In this paper a model of the blast furnace ingredients is established by considering cost of per ton iron, CO2 emissions, and the theoretical coke ratio as the objective functions; ingredient parameters, process parameters, main and by-product parameters as variables; and the blast furnace smelting theory and equilibrium equation as constraints. Then, the model is solved by using an improved grey wolf optimization algorithm and an improved multi-objective grey wolf optimization algorithm. Using the data collected from the steel mill, the conclusion is that multi-objective optimization can consider the indexes of each target, so that the values of all the targets are excellent; we also compared the multi-objective solution results with the original production scheme of the steel mill, and we found that using the blast furnace ingredient scheme optimized in this study can reduce the cost of iron per ton, CO2 emissions per ton, and the theoretical coke ratio in blast furnace production by 350 CNY/t, 1000 kg/t, and 20 kg/t, respectively, compared with the original production plan. Thus, steel mill decision makers can choose the blast furnace ingredients according to different business strategies and the actual needs of steel mills can be better met.

Hydraulic Expansion Techniques for Fracture-Cavity Carbonate Rock with Field Applications

Fracture-cavity carbonate reservoirs provide a large area, fracture development, high productivity, long stable production time, and other characteristics. However, after long-term exploitation, the lack of energy in the formation leads to a rapid decrease in production, and the water content in crude oil steadily increases, thereby disrupting normal production. To recover normal production, it is necessary to connect the cracks and pores that have not been affected during the original production, so as to allow the crude oil inside to enter the production cracks and replenish energy through methods such as hydraulic expansion of fracture-cavity carbonate rock. Accordingly, we propose hydraulic expansion techniques based on the following four processes for implementation: (1) applying high pressure to prevent a nearby fracture network from opening the seam, (2) connecting a distant fracture-cavity body, (3) breaking through the clay filling section of a natural fracture network, and (4) constructing an injection production well pattern for accelerating injection and producing diversion. Hydraulic fracturing involves closing or partially closing the original high-permeability channels, which usually produce a large amount of water, while opening previously unaffected areas through high pressure to increase crude oil production. We also introduce two composite techniques: (1) temporary plugging of the main deep fractures, followed by hydraulic expansion; and (2) capacity expansion and acidification/pressure processes. Hydraulic expansion allowed us to recover and supplement the formation energy and efficiently increase production. We tested various wells, achieving an effective hydraulic expansion rate of up to 85%. In addition, the productivity of conventional water injection and hydraulic expansion after on-site construction was compared for one well, clearly indicating the effectiveness of water injection and the remarkable crude oil increase after hydraulic expansion.

Multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based flexible assembly job-shop rescheduling with component sharing for order insertion

This paper addresses a rescheduling problem in an order-driven flexible assembly job-shop, which encompasses a complete production line from machining to assembly. Some products have a multi-level assembly structure, and certain components can be shared among different products. When an order with tight delivery date is inserted, rescheduling is necessary for adjusting original production scheme and tradeoffs among makespan, total tardiness and count of machine changes. To formulate the flexible assembly job-shop rescheduling problem with component sharing (FAJRP-CS), a mixed-integer linear programming model is established. The model involves three categories of decision variables that determine the machine assignment, shared component allocation, and operation sequencing. Meanwhile, solution of FAJRP-CS is analyzed by using graph model, and a neighborhood structure containing two-type move for critical operations is proposed for local optimizing. Then, a hybrid non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm with tabu search (NSGATS) is developed to maintain diversity while improving convergence. The approach is first compared with 8 algorithms on nine test instances, and the effectiveness of the operators, framework and neighborhood structure are discussed separately. Subsequently, NSGATS is applied to solve the multi-stage rescheduling problem in a medical device workshop with 6 products and 56 components. The experimental results demonstrate that NSGATS is effective for solving the FAJRP-CS.

Streaming from a digital periphery: Voyo as an East-Central European response to Netflix

Voyo, owned by Central European Media Enterprises (CME) and operating across six national territories, is currently one of the only three prominent transnational SVoD services based in countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Under the new owner PPF, a Czech-based investment group which bought CME from AT&T, Voyo enjoyed unprecedented levels of investment in high-end original content, which resulted in a dynamic growth of subscribers from 2020 onwards, making it the second strongest streamer in Czechia and Slovakia after Netflix. The article labels CME’s digital strategy ‘deep localism’ and approaches it through the recent political-economic debates about the geography of platform economy. Despite its multi-territory corporate structure, CME has isolated each of its national Voyo services in terms of original production, licensing and audience targeting. This shows in the high percentage of local content as well as the virtual absence of its cross-border circulation between the national Voyo catalogues, which have been branded as purely national. The article interprets this compartmentalized strategy of deep localism as both a response to the changes in the global streaming market and an attempt to preserve the traditional linear audiences of CME in the new digital era. The research behind the article is based on interviews with CME executives and on comparative VoD catalogue analysis.

The Use of Phosphogypsum as a Source of Raw Materials for Gypsum-Based Materials

Gypsum binders and the products based on them are widely in demand in the construction materials market, which is due to their easy production technology, lower energy consumption, and low environmental impact in relation to Portland cement. Not only natural gypsum (NG), but also phosphogypsum (PG), which is a by-product of the synthesis of orthophosphoric acid from phosphorite rock, can be used as a source of raw materials for the production of gypsum materials. PG is produced annually in large quantities throughout the world. In chemical composition, PG mainly consists of calcium sulfate dihydrate CaSO4·2H2O, so it is a good potential analogue of natural gypsum, which is used as the main component of gypsum building materials. Thus, the useful recycling of PG as a technogenic resource with valuable properties will expand the raw material base for the production of gypsum materials. This approach to handling technogenic resources fits well with the principles of a circular economy. However, like any technogenic resource, PGs from different enterprises normally differ in their deposits of the original phosphate rock and production technologies. Therefore, PG contains a large number of undesirable impurities, the proportion and composition of which vary over a wide range. This feature does not allow for predicting the properties of PG-based materials without a preliminary detailed study of PG. This research was aimed at carrying out a comprehensive study of the characteristics of PGs from three different industrial plants to evaluate their relationship with the properties of gypsum materials based on them. It was found that PGs have significant differences in their structural and morphological characteristics both in relation to each other and in relation to NG. Also, binders based on PG and NG have significant differences in their physical properties. The average density, compressive strength, and flexural strength for the PG binders with equal workability are lower than those of NG binders. At a water/solid ratio (W/S) < 0.7, all PG binders exhibit comparable compressive strength to NG binders. Thus, PG can act as an alternative to natural gypsum in gypsum binders.

Remanufacturing Operations in Different Financial Ownership Structures with Consideration of the Upwards Supplier

Under the increasing environmental pressure, remanufacturing has increasingly become a new mode of recycling economy and upgrading and transforming the equipment manufacturing industry. Some enterprises include remanufacturing businesses in the original production system by holding or controlling shares in other remanufacturing enterprises. This paper builds a two-echelon supply chain model composed of a supplier, a manufacturer, and a remanufacturer, considering the different ownership structures (i.e., shareholding and share-controlling) between them, in which the supplier sells non-remanufacturable parts to the manufacturer and the remanufacturer. At the same time, the optimal decisions of each firm are considered. The results show that for the manufacturer, a higher shareholding ratio means that it can obtain more profits. For the supplier, the impact of the shareholding ratio depends on the manufacturing cost. When the manufacturing cost is relatively low, the stock sharing relationship between the manufacturer and the remanufacturer will decrease the supplier’s profit. When the manufacturing cost is relatively high, it will depend on the shareholding ratio. In the case of shareholding between the manufacturer and the remanufacturer, a higher shareholding ratio will decrease the supplier’s profit. From the perspective of the supply chain, when the production cost is high enough, the supply chain’s profit decreases first and then increases with the shareholding ratio. Furthermore, the increase in the manufacturer’s shareholding in remanufacturing does not always improve the remanufacturing proportion of products.

Federated deep reinforcement learning for dynamic job scheduling in cloud-edge collaborative manufacturing systems

The cloud-edge collaborative manufacturing system (CCMS) connects distributed factories to a cloud centre through cloud-edge collaborative communication, introducing both opportunities and challenges to conventional dynamic job scheduling. Enhancing each factory's scheduling performance by sharing general scheduling knowledge among heterogeneous factories under the consideration of data privacy protection remains challenging. To this end, this paper proposes to solve the dynamic job scheduling in the context of CCMS with a novel federated deep reinforcement learning (FDRL) approach. Within each factory, the scheduling objective involves minimising the makespan and energy consumption, accounting for machine warm-up procedures and real-time dynamics. To handle heterogeneous policy structures, we aggregate their hidden parameters through FDRL, with states, actions, and rewards designed to facilitate the aggregation. The two-phase algorithm, comprising iterative local training and global aggregation, trains the scheduling policies. Constraint items are introduced to the loss functions to smooth local training, and the global aggregation considers production scales and obtained objectives. The proposed approach enhances the solution quality and generalisation of each factory's scheduling policy without exposing original production data. Numerical experiments conducted on sixty scheduling instances validate the superiority of the proposed approach compared to twelve dynamic scheduling methods. Compared to independently trained DRL-based approaches, the proposed FDRL-based approach achieves up to an 8.9% reduction in makespan and a 22.3% decrease in energy consumption through knowledge sharing.

Netflix's Strategies, Innovations, and Challenges in Shaping the Future of Television Media

This comprehensive article provides an in-depth analysis of Netflix's current strategy, revealing how it is making good use of data and algorithms to make decisions and looking at its potential to achieve a dominant position in the TV media industry. In particular, the article highlights Netflix's focus on original content production and its determined global expansion strategy, while also pointing to the key role of digital technology in shaping its business model. However, the article also identifies potential weaknesses in these strategies, particularly in addressing the challenges of global expansion and user experience. The article also discusses in detail the impact of Netflix's strategy on the Korean media industry, as well as user dissatisfaction with increasing content cancellations and complex narrative structures. Ultimately, the article highlights that the key to maintaining a competitive edge and continued dominance in the ever-changing television media landscape lies in the use of constant innovation and a personalised approach, and that Netflix must continue to adapt to the needs of different markets, balancing its global appeal with a local flavour, to ensure its future success.

Community responses to persons with aphasia participating in CoActive therapeutic theatre: A pilot study.

Persons with aphasia (PWA) experience a number of communicative and social-emotional challenges. Reported experiences of PWA include but are not limited to, being misunderstood, isolated, frustrated, and infantilised. The aim of this pilot study, involving a Life Participation Approach to Aphasia (LPAA), conducted over the course of 2 years, was to understand community perceptions of aphasia while PWA engaged in an interprofessional treatment program involving speech and drama therapy. The interprofessional treatment program involved PWA participating in a therapeutic theatre program using the CoActive Therapeutic Theater (CoATT) while also receiving speech-language therapy. Each year, the PWA performed a different, original therapeutic theatre production for a public audience, at the culmination of their interprofessional treatment program. In this paper, we share data obtained from perspectives of audience members who witnessed the theatre production and aphasia education during the first year of the study and friends and family of PWA who participated in the therapeutic theatre process during the second year of the study. Responses from audience members who participated in aphasia education and witnessed the therapeutic theatre performance by the PWA during the first year, indicated an increased knowledge of aphasia. Friends and family members of PWA who witnessed their loved ones engaging in the CoATT process through interprofessional treatment, in the second year, reported that their loved ones benefited from the CoATT process, which was distinct from other therapeutic processes to their knowledge and that they were impacted by watching their loved one perform. These initial findings create footing towards understanding impact of therapeutic theatre in combination with speech-language therapy in the lives of PWA. They help us to obtain an initial appreciation of how therapeutic theatre and aphasia education help connect PWA and their community. What is already known on this subject Caregivers and communities at large play a significant role in and substantially impact the recovery of their loved ones (Dalemans etal., 2010; Grawburget etal., 2013; Kniepmann & Cupler, 2014) with aphasia. However, existing research suggests that persons with aphasia (PWA) are often misunderstood, isolated and infantilised by their communities. What this paper adds to existing knowledge The findings of our study reveal that friends, families and extended communities of PWA gain a positive and deep understanding of challenges experienced by PWA through therapeutic theatre supported by speech language therapy, based in a new CoActive Therapeutic Theatre (CoATT) model. This PWA community also agrees that therapeutic theatre in combination with speech-language therapy provides confidence and camaraderie between PWAs and strengthen connection between all constituencies. These results support the need for interprofessional intervention within the framework of a Life Participation Approach to Aphasia (LPAA). What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? Treatment paradigms that bring PWAs in contact with their communities using an LPAA approach can increase confidence and social engagement for PWAs potentially leading to better outcomes for their individual speech-language therapy as well as create means of educating communities about PWA, and their stories.

Magnetic micro-archaeology: a method for conducting rock magnetic microfacies analysis on archaeological soil micromorphology samples, with a case study from El Salt, Alcoy, Spain

For geoarchaeologists the use of multiproxy and multimethod integrative approaches has become common for studying the sedimentary context of archaeological materials. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach that combines rock magnetic analysis with micromorphological analysis. We first conduct a brief examination of the magnetic properties of organic resins used in micromorphology to understand the potential impact of the resin and manufacturing process on the magnetic signature. It is crucial to understand the original production of the samples to ensure that endothermic reactions do not compromise the magnetic data. We illustrate the advantages of this approach through a case study of a pit hearth from the Neanderthal archaeological site of El Salt in Alcoi, Spain. This study utilises archived micromorphological samples of a pit hearth (combustion structure H77) initially described by Leierer et al. (J Archaeol Sci 123:105237, 2020). Rock magnetic analysis of multiple magnetic parameters—including magnetic susceptibility, natural remanent magnetization, and progressive isothermal remanent magnetization—reveals that each microfacies type exhibits a unique magnetic pattern, even if there is overlapping in signatures across some magnetic parameters. The interpretation of the magnetic data aligns with the results and microfacies descriptions previously provided by Leierer et al. (J Archaeol Sci 123:105237, 2020), further supporting the interpretation of the combustion feature as being in situ with a history of repeated use. The approach presented here offers an enhanced tool for micromorphologists to better understand the magnetic characteristics of microfacies units in higher resolution and establish direct connections to the micromorphological results.

Bridging boundaries: Exploring vineyard, management and variety characteristics influencing long-term infection of grapevine pathogens

Globalisation, climatic changes, and increasing consumer demand have forced the intensification of agricultural production. Thus, vineyards have crossed the boundaries of the original production zones and extended towards suboptimal areas, increasing the potential risk of damaging disease outbreaks. Therefore, there is a rising need for a complex and empirical revision of the interfering effects between grape infection and other external, large-scale factors such as environmental conditions and management practices. Although external abiotic and biotic factors could determine the infection levels of grape disease in a complex way, existing studies focus on the short-term effects of only a single or very few potential factors. In this large-scale study, we aimed to reveal the long-term impact of specific factors regarding vineyard characteristics, applied crop management and grape variety features, which could determine the infection severity of primary grape diseases (grey mould, downy mildew and powdery mildew) using a citizen science approach in Hungary, a traditional wine- and grape-producing country. The present study has revealed that some vineyards (e.g., inclination, row orientation) and variety features (e.g., bunch structure) were considered crucial. At the same time, other factors were found to be less relevant in the present complex comparison, suggesting that the role of these factors might be overemphasised in the literature. In conclusion, the susceptibility or tolerance of grapevines to pathogens appears to be an integrated effect of several factors and cannot be assigned to a single characteristic. The global changes urge the revision of conventional agricultural traditions and deepen our knowledge about the infection process and pathogen-host-environment interactions.

Thermal performance and analysis of high-temperature aquifer thermal energy storage based on a practical project

Geothermal heating technology based on high-temperature aquifer thermal energy storage (HT-ATES) is one of important development directions of geothermal multi-energy complementary and integrated energy system. In present article, thermal performance of HT-ATES based on a practical project is first proposed, and a long-term cycle of HT-ATES is constructed and verified. The heating up storage and isothermal heat storage of HT-ATES are experimentally conducted. The different standing time schemes causing mutation of the heat storage mechanism have been implemented to identify the optimal scheme. And then the outlet water temperature, heat storage efficiency is further calculated and analyzed under the same and different conditions of heat storage capacity. Compared with original heat production, the outlet water temperature is promoted and the single well heat storage efficiency can reach >80 % after 9 years of heat storage. The heat storage flow rate decreases or the heat storage temperature increases can prevent heat dissipation to the surroundings, so that obtaining high outlet water temperature and heat storage efficiency under the persistent annual heat storage capacity. Results also show that the outlet water temperature and heat storage efficiency are promoted when the heat storage temperature increases and heat storage flow rate decreases.