Philosophical Origins Research Articles

Explicating collegiality and change management in neoliberalism during the dynamics of higher education institutions: : A Systematic Literature Review using PRISMA Checklist

Background This paper discusses the lack of references that comprehensively describe the changes in universities owing to the ideology of neoliberalism. This research also discusses how a university maintains its function and identity when the great wave of neoliberalism massively erodes collegiality as the original philosophy of the university through a case study of the neoliberalism ideology on higher education. This study also provides a comprehensive framework for higher education management and governance changes. Methods We selected all retrieved sources based on the keywords and analyzed all the documents we obtained. This study obtained data from Scopus retrieved on October 27, 2023, using the following keywords: (TITLE-ABS-KEY ("collegiality") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ("change management") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ("neolibelism")) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY ("higher education"). This study utilized bibliometric analysis to ensure a structured review of the literature on collegiality, change management, and neoliberalism in higher education. Results The findings show that organizational management, leadership, education, technology, curriculum, innovation, organizational change, decision-making, and human beings are significant trajectories of neoliberalism in higher education. Conclusions This study offers other constructs for accelerating leadership success in higher education. This relates to how change leadership can navigate changes resulting from neoliberal ideology.

A universal formulation of uncertainty relation for errors

We present a universal formulation of uncertainty relation valid for any conceivable quantum measurement of statistical nature. Owing to its simplicity and operational tangibility, our general relation is also experimentally verifiable. Our relation violates the traditional naïve bound ħ/2 for the position-momentum measurement while respecting Heisenberg's original philosophy of the uncertainty principle. Our relation entails, among others, the Arthurs–Kelly–Goodman and Ozawa relations as corollaries to its special cases, and also seamlessly reduces itself to the standard Kennard–Robertson (Schrödinger) relation when the measurement is non-informative.

The Poet-Creator of Philosophy: To the Methodology of Research in Philosophical Thought by Rabindranath Tagore

The Indian poet and educator Rabindranath Tagore was the creator of an original philosophy that gives additional meaning to the picture of the history of Indian philosophy in the 20th century. He usually emphasized his identity as a poet and an artist, not considering himself a philosopher. However, Tagore embodies the phenomenon of a poet-thinker who comprehends universal philosophical problems and, in the process of philosophizing, offers his own vision of them. Moreover, he owns a number of texts of a religious-philosophical and socio-philosophical nature, in addition to the content of poetry and fiction. The philosophy created by the poet requires a comprehensive holistic study, which, in turn, raises the problem of research methodology. The article proposes the author's methodology for the reconstruction of Rabindranath Tagore's philosophy, based on an understanding of his personality, the contexts of thought and the hermeneutics of texts. The methodological model of philosophy reconstruction includes three levels. The first involves analyzing the personality of R. Tagore using the categories "cross-cultural thinker" and "problematic thinker". The second is a description of the contexts of his philosophizing: external general civilizational, internal epochal and internal biographical. The third is the hermeneutics of texts, taking into account the poetic component and the philosophical problems of speeches and fiction. The novelty of the described methodological model is due to the possibilities and prospects of reconstructing Tagore's philosophical thought and concepts. 1. Description of the phenomenon of a poet and writer creating a philosophy in which the experience of artistic creation generates a universal religious and social meaning and actualizes humanistic issues. 2. Presentation of the process of formation of cross-cultural philosophy of the XX century on the material of a particular thinker. 3. The analysis of the contexts of the unfolding of philosophy helps to trace the continuity of the thinker and his ideas with the Indian philosophical tradition in a broad sense and at the same time identify innovation, not least due to his dialogue with Western culture and modernity. 4. Seeing Tagore's philosophy as a kind of quintessence of the Bengali Renaissance heritage, it is not difficult to notice its significance and relevance for modernity. 5. Reconstruction along the proposed methodological path will open up not only direct, but also comparative prospects for studying Tagore's philosophical thought in comparison with the reflections of philosophers from different cultural areas, primarily peripheral to the West and non-Western ones.

Innovating Thought: Theorizing Metacognition

The present article explores how the concept of metacognition has evolved, from its philosophical origins to current interdisciplinary applications. The paper transversally traces, how metacognitive theories have been integrated by various fields. First of all, is emphasized the progressive character of the development of the metacognitive theory; second, the features that establish it as an independent theory are highlighted. Finally, the article explores current and future concerns, trends and directions in research. Thus, the following discourse exploratively investigates how metacognition with its ancient history on ‘’thinking about thinking’’, have been innovated by various current scientific fields.

공공문화콘텐츠로서의 산림교육과 자연해설에 대한 해석적 연구: 프리먼 틸든의 ‘해설’ 개념을 중심으로

This study is an interpretive research on the philosophical orientation of forest education, a public cultural content utilizing forest resources. Forest education professionals such as ‘forest interpreters’, ‘early childhood forest guides’, and ‘forest trail and mountain guides’ are trained to provide public cultural content services that mediate between citizens and nature. This practice originated in the historical context of nature preservation and management through state-led national parks, which began in the West, particularly in the United States. Forest education in Korea, such as forest interpretation, is equivalent to ‘nature interpretation’ in the West. The various literatures produced on nature interpretation have had a significant impact on Korean forest education policy, and this study aims to identify the ideological roots of nature interpretation, which have been largely unexplored. The study first approached nature interpretation activities by collecting examples from Europe, Northern Europe, and Canada, confirming that nature preservation is a common goal and purpose. Through a historical approach, the researchers examined the preservationism that influenced the introduction of nature interpretation in the West and realized that the philosophical origin of nature interpretation is the idea of combining nature preservation and spirituality. To understand nature interpretation, we examine Freeman Tilden's concept of interpretation, which continued this early preservationist spirit but constructively transformed it and shaped nature interpretation today. The study explored the core concept of ‘the Thing Itself’ in the context of Romantic texts such as those by Novalis and Carl von Linné, centering on Kant's influence on Romanticism. Most importantly, the researchers interpreted Tilden's concept of ‘interpretation’ as a theory of the sublime to explore the philosophical roots of nature interpretation. Through this study, it is argued that the essential meaning of the field of nature interpretation is the unity of nature and human beings and the love of nature through personal experience and recognition of the sublime in nature.

Parallel intelligence in three decades: a historical review and future perspective on ACP and cyber-physical-social systems

Recent advances in human-in-the-loop or human-centric research have sparked a new wave of scientific exploration. These studies have enhanced the understanding of complex social systems and contributed to more sustainable artificial intelligence (AI) ecosystems. However, the incorporation of human or social factors increases system complexity, making traditional approaches inadequate for managing these complex systems and necessitating a novel operational paradigm. Over decades of work, a mature and comprehensive theory of parallel intelligence (PI) has been established. Rooted in cyber-physical-social systems (CPSS), PI adapts flexibly to various situations within complex systems through the ACP framework (Artificial systems, Computational experiments, and Parallel execution), ensuring system reliability. This paper provides a detailed review and a novel perspective on PI, beginning with the historical and philosophical origins of CPSS and proceeding to present both the fundamental framework and technological implementations of PI. PI-based Industry 5.0 is highlighted, where three pillars are adopted to help realize the supposed vision. Additionally, the paper outlines applications of PI in multiple fields, such as transportation, healthcare, manufacturing, and agriculture, and discusses the opportunities and challenges for imaginative intelligence. The continuous exploration of PI is expected to eventually facilitate the realization of “6S”-based (safe, secure, sustainable, sensitive, service, and smart) parallel ecosystems.

Maat and the origins of philosophy in Kemet (Egypt)

A civilização kemética ou egípcia é uma das primeiras grandes culturas do mundo antigo, remontando a tempos imemoriais. Kemet (Egito) é conhecido por seus monumentos grandiosos, as pirâmides, bem como por sua crença na imortalidade da alma, a qual dedicavam todo um culto e um livro específico para as cerimonias e fórmulas no pós vida, o Livro dos Mortos. Além destas referências fundamentais devemos incluir ainda sua compreensão da ordem cósmica e sua eficiência na vida humana, daí o conceito fundamental de Maat (ordem, justiça e verdade). Maat é representada como uma divindade, filha de Rá, esposa de Toth, mas principalmente como um conceito filosófico que está na base de toda sua cultura e pensamento. Pretendemos apresentar este conceito nos períodos históricos da civilização egípcia, presente na literatura sapiencial (Sebayt), como base para sua constituição como princípio fundante da filosofia egípcia (kemética), e, por extensão, das filosofias em África e sua influência entre os gregos.

THE MALAY EPISTEMOLOGICAL BACKGROUND IN THE ISLAMIC WRITINGS OF HAMZAH FANSŪRĪ

The study of Hamzah Fansūrī’s writings has long been focused on understanding its connection to Islamic philosophy rather than its indigenous philosophical origins. The objective of this study is to identify and expose the traditional Malay epistemological background behind Hamzah Fansūrī’s writings. This objective is achieved through the evidence and analysis methods of historical linguistics on the one hand, and by judging these analytical conclusions based on Buddhist Yogācāra’s epistemology of Śrīvijaya on the other hand. Three important research findings are as follows: 1) the overall style of Hamzah Fansūrī’s writings is the logical tradition of Dignāga, 2) all the metaphors of Hamzah Fansūrī’s writings, which are of the type of pariṇāma theory, can be understood in the epistemological tradition of Vasubandhu, which was influential in the writings of Śrīvijaya from the end of the seventh century to the beginning of the eleventh century, and 3) Hamzah Fansūrī’s works are also influenced by the recent Malayu-Singapura philosophy of Saṃkhyā, mainly the distinction between śabda and katā, which is used to receive the new Islamic epistemological distinctions and traditions. In other words, to say that the Śrīvijaya period had no major impact on philosophy, and that pre-Islamic Malay mind was more aesthetic than philosophical cannot be supported by the writings of Hamzah Fansūrī.

Культурно-философские предпосылки концепции «мягкой силы»

This article delves into the cultural-philosophical prerequisites preceding the formation of the “soft power” concept. As a result of the study, the philosophical and cultural-anthropological factors of the emergence of this concept are highlighted. Conceptually, its philosophical origins are intertwined with two primary inquiries: firstly, the influence of the communicator on the recipient (the Maieutics of Socrates, the “Rhetoric” of Aristotle), secondly, the study of individual properties of culture, educational (Plato, Cicero, Confucius), unifying (Sun Tzu), regulatory (N. Machiavelli). Culture, as a full-fledged instrument of the “soft power” influence encompassing all these properties, is analyzed in the works of A. Gramsci. Another significant source shaping the “soft power” concept is the scientific tradition of cultural anthropology as a distinct discipline, which views culture as an essential element of colonial administration (E.B. Tylor, F. Boas, B. Malinowski) and interstate confrontation (R. Benedict). The French School of Social Anthropology has focused on the study of the mechanisms of formation of public opinion (G. Tarde) and methods of influencing the masses (G. Le Bon). In conclusion, the concept of “soft power” emerges as a product of diverse intellectual traditions, blending philosophical inquiries, cultural analyses, and anthropological insights. By elucidating its cultural and philosophical foundations, this article provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the complexities of modern power dynamics and international relations.

Evolution of informed consent in research: From the Hippocratic Oath to the tailored consent.

Informed consent (IC) is essential in defending the autonomy of potential participants in clinical research. Despite the advances in research ethics, particularly in IC, the different guidelines and codes have not been fully implemented. Several studies have presented consent deficiencies that have resulted in unethical practices or poor understanding of the IC. This article reviews the evolution of IC, from its philosophical origins and initial use in the Ottoman Empire (16th century) to its use in clinical research today. It also presents the vision of the European project i-CONSENT (Grant Agreement number: 741856), whose main purpose is to improve the understanding of ICs in research and identifies the key components of a new paradigm to develop patient-centred ICs. In many cases, the IC has served to protect the investigator or sponsor from complaints. Different ethical guidelines have sought to make the IC a more useful tool, with little success. Today's IC is mainly a bureaucratic and legal process that fails to consider the patient's point of view. In this context, the Guidelines for Tailoring the Informed Consent Process in Clinical Studies provide alternatives to the current IC process, focusing on the patient's opinions and making them part of the process, thereby improving clinical research quality.

Explicating collegiality and change management in neoliberalism during the dynamics of higher education institutions

Background This paper discusses the lack of references that comprehensively describe the changes in universities owing to the ideology of neoliberalism. This research also discusses how a university maintains its function and identity when the great wave of neoliberalism massively erodes collegiality as the original philosophy of the university through a case study of the neoliberalism ideology on higher education. This study also provides a comprehensive framework for higher education management and governance changes. Methods We selected all retrieved sources based on the keywords and analyzed all the documents we obtained. This study obtained data from Scopus retrieved on October 27, 2023, using the following keywords: (TITLE-ABS-KEY ("collegiality") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ("change management") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ("neolibelism")) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY ("higher education"). This study utilized bibliometric analysis to ensure a structured review of the literature on collegiality, change management, and neoliberalism in higher education. Results The findings show that organizational management, leadership, education, technology, curriculum, innovation, organizational change, decision-making, and human beings are significant trajectories of neoliberalism in higher education. Conclusions This study offers other constructs for accelerating leadership success in higher education. This relates to how change leadership can navigate changes resulting from neoliberal ideology.

Utilitarianism of Claude Adrian Helvetius as one of the philosophical origins of urbanism

The article reveals the connection between the ideas of the Enlightenment and the modern direction of scientific knowledge, urban studies. Urban studies as a concept of the social development of the city has, among other things, the understanding of interest in the interpretation of Helvetius. He thinks that interest is the driving force of society, the nature of which he considers from the standpoint of sensationalism and utilitarianism. Urban studies solve the problems of interaction between a person and a city, which are based on the philosophical problem of interaction between the individual and the general. The purpose of the work is to trace in the ethics of Helvetius the combination of reasonable egoism and the principles of public benefit; the irremovability of natural prerequisites in man preserves the individual in society, and the irremovability of contractual principles makes it necessary to observe the public interest. The article determines that the recognition of the right to personal interest is a great merit of Helvetius and one of the philosophical foundations of urban studies.

미야자키 하야오 작품의 어린이 노동 모티프에 대한 유토피아주의적 해석

This study is a critique of the work of renowned Japanese animation director Hayao Miyazaki, specifically the recurring motif of child labor in his works. First, the recurring images of labor in his works are conceptualized as motifs in the narrative sense. In particular, it is noted that motifs are typically constructed through the repetition of key acts, which combine with each other to form and reinforce themes, and serve as the central core of a plot, the principle that forms the constitutive events. In other words, the labor motif is a principle of narrative organization. Analytic frame is suggested by drawing on Aristotle's theory of character and the theory of agency, the ability of an entity to cause an event. Applying this frame to Hayao's early works, Kiki the Witch Courier and Spirited Away, child labor motif in terms of the self-creative agency in agency theory and the plot-intensive motif of motif theory are analyzed. Through this analysis, it is clear that the labor motif is not only the attraction of the characters in Hayao's works, but also the core and driving principle of the narrative. Finally, as the philosophical origin of the labor motif, Hayao's view of labor is interpreted by using utopian views of labor, such as Fourier's, which are often found in early socialist discussions, as a framework for interpretation.

Философия природы в мировоззрении В.Ф. Эрна

The article presents the natural philosophical views of the bright representative of Russian religious philosophy Vladimir Fedorovich Ern. The emphasis is placed on the fact that the Russian philosopher opposes two mutual-ly exclusive worldview positions in understanding nature: meonism and ontologism. Meonism manifested itself in radical rationalism, which perceives nature exclusively as dead schemes; utilitarianism, which regards na-ture only from the point of view of momentary practical benefit; cardinal pantheism, which is engaged in mixing nature and God, without actually recognizing their subjectivity; solipsism, for which nature is just a bundle of sensations; and even Kantianism, for which the gap between phenomena and noumena is absolutely fatal. The main epistemological task of the genuine philosophy of logism, according to V.F. Ern, is the elimination of separation from Nature as Being. The most important source of the logistic worldview of nature is the Orthodox East, according to V.F. Ern. The same truth is revealed in nature as in the Holy Scriptures, and the truth can be extracted from nature even without a written revelation. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that the philosophy of nature by V.F. Ern remains relevant in the modern world. The Russian thinker paid great at-tention to the search for the philosophical origins of human interaction with nature. In the modern world, a per-son faces serious environmental problems, but this is only a consequence of various variants of meonism, dis-closed in detail by V.F. Ern in his works.

“Semantic ornament”: philosophical origins and technical innovations of the “meaning” model of Vladimir Arsentievich Rubanov. Review of the trilogy “I See the Sense”

“Semantic ornament”: philosophical origins and technical innovations of the “meaning” model of Vladimir Arsentievich Rubanov. Review of the trilogy “I See the Sense”

Philosophy in technology: A research program

Philosophy in technology is a research program that studies the philosophical roots of engineering and technology. Technologists, by virtue of their education, believe that the limits, goals, possibilities, and effects of technology on society and humankind are exclusively technological problems, hence their solutions must lie exclusively in technology. In contrast, philosophy in technology asserts that the resolutions to these problems need to be rooted in an understanding of their philosophical origins. This program paper defines the objectives of philosophy in technology, the kinds of questions it explores, the methods it uses, and how it differs from the philosophy of technology.

한원진 인간본성론의 현대적 의의: 나바에츠(D. Narvaez)의 관점

The purpose of this study is to discuss the modern significance of Han Won-jin's theory of nature by interpreting it from the perspective of Narvaez. Until now, Han Won-jin's theory of nature has been interpreted as meaning that the nature of humans and animals is different by contrasting with the two. This can also be said to be a meaningful work in the history of philosophy. However, there seems to be little discussion on the implications of the argument that human and animal nature are different in terms of moral education. In particular, although it is a very interesting argument to argue that human nature is not only different from animals, such as Han Won-jin, but that each person has a difference in nature, it is difficult to find a case that reveals the implications or modern significance of the word. Assuming that each person has a different nature, that is, a moral virtue, it can be assumed that each person has a different moral judgment ability or moral response ability [虛靈知覺]. From this, it is possible to explore why moral education is necessary for everyone beyond the class limits of the Joseon Dynasty along with the necessity of moral education. In addition, Narvaez's model of moral experts is a good criterion for making such an attempt. Aristotle's virtue ethics, the philosophical origin of this model, is not only consistent with the nature of Confucianism, but also the series of processes from beginners to experts is in large part consistent with the content of royal lectures and discussions based on Han Won-jin's concept of nature. In addition, this model has great implications for estimating that modern and contemporary intellectuals' struggles to protect nationality and democratic citizenship against the Japanese colonial period and military dictatorship are directly connected to Joseon Confucianism, especially Han Won-jin's theory of nature. Therefore, this study explored the moral educational meaning of Han Won-jin's theory of nature based on Narvaez's model of moral experts.

Philosophical Origins and Political Consequences of Hegel's Theory of the State

Bu çalışma, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel’in (1770-1831) siyasal düşüncesine yönelik devletçilik-totaliterlik gibi eleştirilerin Hegel felsefesinin genel mantığını takip etmediğini iddia etmektedir. Bu nedenle ilk bölümde, Hegel’in bütün felsefesinde ya da sisteminin her alanında aynı hareket biçimini siyaset konusunda da sürdürdüğünü göstermek için bazı temel kavramların nasıl ele alındığı aktarılmıştır. İkinci bölümde, bu zemin üzerinde siyasal temaların nasıl işlendiğine liberal düşünüş biçiminin (sivil toplumun – ekonominin mutlak özerkliği) eleştirileri üzerinden değerlendirilmiştir. Hegel’in devlet (sivil toplum – devlet ilişkisi) kavrayışına yönelik liberal eleştirinin göz ardı ettiği noktaları belirtik kılmak adına Carl Schmitt’in Hegel okumasındaki bazı pasajlar öne çıkarılmıştır. Schmitt’in Hegel okumasına başvurulması stratejik açıdan bize şu çifte imkânı vermektedir: Hegel’in felsefi sisteminin siyasallaşmasının (Hegel’in siyasal düşüncelerinin değil) sonuçlarını göstermek ve liberal bakış açısından Hegel’de zemin bulan iki “totaliter rejim” düşüncesinin neyi hedef aldığını açığa çıkarmak.

Interaction in written texts: A bibliometric study of published research

While writing involves interactions between writers and readers as each considers the other in creating and interpreting texts, research interest in written interaction is a fairly recent development. This paper uses a bibliometric analysis to trace the growing interest in written interaction over the past 30 years from its origins in philosophy, conversation analysis and sociocultural language pedagogy. To do so, we analyzed all 918 articles mentioning writing and interaction in the social science citation index since 1990, dividing the corpus into two periods following the massive increase in interest after 2005. We identify which topics have been most prevalent and which authors, publications, journals and countries most influential over time. The results indicate the growing importance of identity, genre, discipline, metadiscourse and stance, particularly drawing on corpus methods. We also note the participation of authors from more countries in publishing interaction research with the growth of authors from China becoming particularly visible. These findings may interest those working in written discourse analysis and scholarly publishing.

«Второй после Аквината…»: Ганс Урс фон Бальтазар о философской эстетике Вл.С. Соловьева

The analysis of the book by the Swiss philosopher and theologian H.U. von Balthazar “Vladimir Solovyov”, dedicated to the reconstruction and interpretation of the aesthetic teachings of V.S. Solovyov, is presented. The main themes of Balthazar's work are considered, defining its structure in accordance with the author's vision of the main stages of Solovyov's work: “Visionary and textual form”, “Logic and Metaphysics”, “Ethics and Ecclesiology”, “Aesthetics and Apocalypticism”. The author notes the harmony and consistency of Balthazar's concept, the logic of interpretation of the most important provisions of Solovyov's aesthetics, based on the corpus of his writings, as well as on research Russian and foreign literature. The essential characteristics of Balthazar's consideration of the aesthetics of the Russian philosopher are revealed: the disclosure of its ontological, eschatological and theological aspects. The historical and philosophical origins of Solovyov's ideas, parallels and consonances of the conceptual positions of Solovyov's aesthetics and the largest representatives of domestic and foreign philosophy: Plato, Plotinus, Maxim the Confessor, Schelling, Hegel, Schopenhauer, E. von Hartmann are determined. Balthazar's position on Solovyov's teaching about Sophia in the context of сhristological and trinitarian theology is presented. The assessment of the comparison of Solovyov's method of unity with the methods of studying Dilthey's “forms of spirit” and Spengler's “forms of culture” is given. The researcher's attention is noted to the problems of Solovyov's creative dialogue with outstanding Russian thinkers F.M. Dostoevsky, L.N. Tolstoy, K.N. Leontiev. The conclusions about the significance of the philosophical and theological reconstruction of Solovyov's aesthetics, carried out by Balthazar, for foreign and Russian Solovyov studies are formulated.