Original Name Research Articles

خیبر پختون خواہ کے علاقے بنو ں کے اہم شاعر مقبول عامر کی شاعرانہ انفرادیت

Maqbool Aamir, a Legendary Poet got birth during 1954 in the fertile land of Bannu; one of the beautiful cities of southern belt of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The land of Bannu is also fertile in the field of literature. This land owns a number of literati and Maqbool Aamir is one amongst them. His original name was Syed Maqbool Hussain Shah while he is known as Maqbool Aamir amongst poets. His forefathers link to Hazrat Bahaud Din Zakariya Multani. He got his early education at Bannu, and got the degree of M.A. Urdu from University of Peshawar. He joined Academy Adabiyat Islamabad as Research Officer in 1984. He got the fatal disease of Scleroderma at the very young age. He tried his best to get sound health. He went to London for treatment but could not fight against the disease. At last left the legacy and friends in tears on May 31st, 1991. May his soul rest in peace. During 1990, one year before his death, he published his book “Diyay Kī Ānkh” ,”. The book consists of 52 Ghazals, 25 poems, 6 couplets and a number of songs. Maqbool Aamir was an innovative poet and very soon he became a reference. His poetry has got a vivid picture of real and deeper feelings. His personal life is reflected in his poetry, but he is always an optimistic. “Hum Ahele Shab K Liyay Subh Ka Hawalaa Hay… Diyay Kī Ānkh Men Aansoo Nahi, Ujala Hay.” He had always been in the search of such an honest leader, who could lead him towards light. He was a humanist poet with a healing heart in his chest. Most of his poems even show love for animals and birds. His poetry has got aphoristic style with simple approach towards life. He is considered to be the painter of life. He expressed what he felt. He touched every corner of life; if it is romance or social problem.

배달(倍達) 의 뜻과 유래

‘Baedar’ was first used in Dae-jong-gyo in the early 1900s and was used as a universal term to refer to the Korean people, mainly by Dae-jong-gyo leaders and independence activists during the Japanese colonial era. However, the meaning and origin of ‘Baedar’ are divided into two views. Dae-jong-gyo explained that ‘Baedar’ was the holy name of Dan-gun and the original national name of Dan-gun Joseon, and opinions that believe in Hwan-dan-go-gi understand ‘Baedar’ as ‘Shin-shi-bae-dar’ or Baedar nation of King Hwan-woong-cheon-hwang. These conflicting views are thought to be due to the lack of specific review and research on the meaning and origin of ‘Baedar’.
 This study examined when and through what process the Dae-jong-gyo used 'Baedar' as a term for Dan-gun and Dan-gun Joseon, and through this, it was confirmed that Hwan-in, Hwan-woong, and Dan-gun were united as one, that is, Dan-gun.

In Vivo Bioequivalence Study of Drug: An Analysis of Related Regulations in Current Pharmaceutical Legislation in Vietnam

Abstract: Implementation of in vivo bioequivalence study is a growing trend in the pharmaceutical industry in Vietnam and over the world. These studies are required in order to demonstrate whether a generic drug is a bioequivalence to an innovator’s drug or to an original brand name drug. At present, there are 26 active ingredients that have to provide in vivo bioequivalence study report for drug registration in Vietnam. In the next few years, this number will gradually increase. Therefore, the government should introduce promotion, development, and preferential policies for enterprises to invest in these ingredients. This paper aims to provide general guidelines on regulations of in vivo bioequivalence studies for pharmaceutical enterprises in Vietnam and support the initial implementation of these studies in practice.
 Keywords: Bioequivalence, BABE, BE, Regulations.

Analysis of Drug Procurement Results in Vietnam from 2013 to 2020

Abstract: Drug procurement bidding has always been under the government’s particular concern to assure drug quality, stabilize drug costs, and enhance the use of domestic drugs. A retrospective study analyzes data from the drug procurement results in Vietnam from 2013 to 2020 based on the results reported to the Drug Administration of Vietnam. The rate of drugs selected through the bidding process in Hanoi and HCMC accounted for the highest proportion in the country with 17.5% and 14.3%, respectively. The number of selected drugs with domestic origins had seen a gradual increase over the years with 4545 drugs during 2020, which was 2.2 times higher than that of 2013 (2079 drugs). Generic drugs in group 3 with domestic origins comprised the highest proportion of both quantity and value compared to drugs in other groups. Antiparasitic drugs and anti-infectives had the highest value rates among pharmacological groups with over 20%. During the research period, the costs of selected drugs tended to witness a decreasing trend, accounting for 60% of drugs. Only 9% of the drugs had their values remain unchanged, and the other 31% saw an increase in these values. State bidding procurement policies are making positive effects in lowering drug costs and encouraging domestic drug use. However, the value rate of domestic drugs is still lower than that of imported ones. It is necessary for domestic pharmaceutical enterprises to invest in developing factories, actively find domestic ingredient sources, and focus on specific medications in great demand.
 Keywords: Drug bidding, drug price, generic bidding package, original brand name bidding package, period of 2013-2020, Vietnam.
 

“Elite but not elitist”: Negotiating race, place, class, and culture in public physical activity spaces

ABSTRACT This study critically examines issues related to race, place, class, and culture within public physical activity spaces. Drawing on Fairclough’s (1992) three-dimensional framework for analyzing discourse and Neckerman et al.’s (1999) minority culture of mobility, we examined the historical narratives of founders and leaders at ALL4ONE (n=7), a free, Black, Indigenous, People-of-Color-led (BIPOC) fitness community based in San Francisco, CA (the original name has been changed for purposes of anonymity). The analysis revealed that ALL4ONE allowed members to navigate race and class-based tensions by discursively constructing a refuge to share cultural norms and experiences, strengthen in-group networks, and politically mobilize; nonetheless, its social space reproduced unintended discursive barriers in situations when in-group members wanted to engage lower-income co-ethnics, limiting the effectiveness of the organization’s missionary ethos—particularly regarding its ability to implement social justice initiatives and assert embodied power in dominant cultural spaces. Study findings highlight important nuances in how BIPOC communities navigate public physical activity spaces and challenge monolithic framings of race and culture in physical activity interventions.

How the Charter Members of ASHA Responded to the Social and Political Circumstances of Their Time

This article examines the responses of the founders of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA; original name, the American Academy of Speech Correction) to the social trends of their day in the United States. Those trends included migrations from Europe and the rural South, the emergence of new scientific methodologies, and the birth of a professional class. Our aims are to reveal how the founders reacted to these select social changes, to show how their reactions served to shape the newly formed profession in and around 1925, and to describe how that profession is still grappling with their choices even today. The writings of the founding members of ASHA were examined for evidence of their views in relation to 20th century historical trends, specifically examining their attitudes toward clients and clinical practice. We identified elitist, ethnocentric, racist, regionalist, classist, and ableist statements in the writings of the founders. They promoted practices that denigrated those speaking dialects that were deemed nonstandard, including linguistic patterns originating from ethnic, racial, regional, and class differences. They also used ableist language in writing about people with communication disabilities, adopting a medical model that elevated the professional practitioner over the client. Our founders' response to social and political trends led to their creation of oppressive professional practices rather than to work within a more positive social model of professional practice, which was readily available to them at the time, one that would have embraced differences rather than seeking to erase them. Once again, we are experiencing sea changes in our society, ones that offer us the opportunity to reverse the practices shaped by our predecessors. We can learn from the missteps of our founders to create practices that empower and respect those with communication differences or disabilities. https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.22213738.

The History of Naming among the Baunt Evenks

Purpose. The purpose of this article is to explore the naming system of Baunt Evenks – local group of Evenks in Buryatia. For centuries, each nation has developed its own anthroponymicon – a register of personal names, which had its own characteristics in each historical period.Results. We examined this process using the example of the personal names of the Baunt Evenks – a local group of the indigenous people of the Republic of Buryatia, currently living in the Bauntovsky Evenk district. Name played a very important role in an Evenk’s life. It was individual, rarely repeated and perceived as something alive. In the process of research, the original Evenk names of the 17th – 21st centuries, unknown to modern Evenks, have been revealed. It was established that the most common male names among the Baunt Evenks were formed with the suffix -wul. The next in the frequency of use were names ending in -cha, -nay, -nei, -ni, -tu / -ltu, -kta / -to, -no, -nya, -chan, -ko. Most female names were formed with the suffix -k. We have recorded Russian and Buryat names that appeared in the Evenks anthroponymicon as a result of the establishment of cultural relations between peoples. The frequency of their use has been also determined. It has been found that since the end of the 19th century, the Evenks have mainly been using three-word names: first name, patronymic, surname.Conclusion. In the naming system of the Evenks, there were a number of conventions and prohibitions. Firstly, a person could not exist without a name. Secondly, the Evenks treated personal names as something intimate. Thirdly, the naming process was not instantaneous. Fourth, the name of the Evenks was a new word. And fifth, the formation of personal names among the Evenks was subject to certain linguistic norms.

Influence of Chemical Treatment of Natural Fibres Using the SPSS Method

Chemical Treatments of Natural Fibre Chemical treatment of hazardous waste involves converting it into non-toxic gases by changing or altering its chemical characteristics. Various treatment methods are used, such as reducing solubility or acidity through neutralization or pH adjustment, precipitation or oxidation and reduction, hydrolysis and photosynthesis, chemical oxidation (such as ozonation, electrolytic oxidation, and hydrogen peroxide), and chemical removal (such as alkali metal dichlorine and alkali). Commonly used chemical treatment processes include metallization, activated chemical treatment processes, chemical precipitation, neutralization absorption, disinfection (using chlorine, ozone, UV light), and ion exchange. Natural fibers obtained from the plant kingdom include cotton, flax, jute, bamboo, sisal, and co-conut husks. Cotton and flax are examples of seed hairs, while jute is an example of stem (or bast) fibers. Sisal is an example of leaf fibers. Animal fibers include secretions such as wool, hair, and silk. Popular animal fibers include angora and mohair. This paper reviews various chemical properties of natural fiber-reinforced composites, including changes resulting from the use of natural fibers. Chemical treatments, such as alkali, silane, acetylation, benzoylation, acrylation, malate coupling agents, isocyanates, permanganate, and others are discussed in relation to their effect on the fiber surface. The aim of these treatments is to improve adhe-sion between the fiber and polymer matrix. As a result, water absorption of composites decreases and their mechanical properties are improved. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences, commonly known as SPSS, quickly gained popularity in the 80s and 90s, ex-tending beyond the commercial sector to the social sciences. The original name was dropped, and the name was shortened to "SPSS." Several attempts were made to introduce a word that fits the acronym "SPSS," but they often failed. In the early 2000s, "Statistical Packages and Software Services" was used for some years, but eventually dropped. "SPSS" became just a name and was no longer short for anything. There is, however, a detailed history of SPSS from 1968 to 2009, which is available to anyone interested. The industries included in this study are the non-metal mineral product industry, general equipment manu-facturing, mining and washing of coal, textile industry, food manufacturing industry, and special equipment manufacturing. The Cronbach's Alpha reliability test was conducted, and the overall Cronbach's Alpha value for the model is 0.744, indicating a 74% reli-ability rate. Based on the literature review, a model with a Cronbach's Alpha value of over 0.50 can be considered for analysis. The text appears to be correct as it is. The Cronbach's Alpha reliability test was conducted, and the overall Cronbach's Alpha value for the model is 0.744, indicating a 74% reliability rate. Based on the literature review, a model with a Cronbach's Alpha value of over 0.50 can be considered for analysis.

Once again on the original name of Emperor Zeno of Isauria

Once again on the original name of Emperor Zeno of Isauria

Translations of the Qurʼān into Chinese: Peculiarities of the Names of Suras

The paper discusses some peculiarities of translating the names of suras of the Qurʼān into Chinese based on the study of the most common Chinese translation made in the second half of the last century by the Muslim intellectual Muhammad Ma Jian. The work examines suras possessing the most significant discrepancies between the original Arabic names and the corresponding Chinese equivalents. The study is accompanied by commentary on the potential reasons for these variations while taking into account factors of an ethnocultural and linguistic nature. In a number of cases, comparisons with translations of the Qurʼān into Russian are also provided. The interdisciplinary nature of the work is manifested in the application of methods of source study, historical and philological, and comparative analysis. Having researched the main milestones in the history of translations of the Qurʼān into Chinese in the context of the spread of Islam in China, the authors come to the conclusion that the peculiarities of the translation of the names of suras into Chinese are largely due to the history of their occurrence and the variability of the original names since the written record of the Holy Text. At the same time, Muhammad Ma Jian’s belonging to the Hui community and Chinese traditions and customs also influenced the process of choosing equivalents. Obviously, the search for correspondences relied on the synthesis of methods based on the analysis of different variants of the names of suras and the need for ethnocultural adaptation of individual concepts in order to ensure the adequate perception of certain concepts by the inhabitants of the China. The problems of translating the Qurʼān into Chinese are largely related to the typological difference between the two linguistic systems. In this regard, the analysis of the translations of the names of suras of the Qurʼān into Chinese seems to be the most optimal starting point for the study of this topic.

TOPONYMIC ETYMOLOGIES BETWEEN DOCUMENTARY SOURCES AND POPULAR BELIEFS. ANALYSIS BASED ON MDTM1-2

Far from being accepted as etymological solutions in toponymy, folk etymologies, passed down from one generation to the next in the form of etiological legends and historical traditions, represent the manner in which collective consciousness provides explanations for the formation of place names in the absence of any scientific proof. Historical figures, whether attested or not, various characters created by folk imagination, entities endowed with beneficial or evil powers are often invoked to respond to people’s natural curiosity as to who or what was behind an original name of place. These etiological legends and historical traditions have thus an explanatory function, yet their implausibility lies in the lack of knowledge or the ignorance of the correct etymon of place names, in the local community’s attempt to decipher toponymic “enigmas” without being aware of the historical-geographical and linguistic context in which a certain place was named.

Systematic literature review of the black friday promotional strategy

Purpose: Black Friday (BF) is one of the most important holiday shopping day in retail. As BF expanded and became better known, increasing its share in holiday shopping season sales, it also started attracting the interest of academics This paper is a SLR on BF and its goal is to map and group the studies conducted on the promotional strategy, identifying the main topics within the scope of this study, the publications and evolution over the years, the authors who published most and their respective countries, and to deliver a consolidated list of publications to help connect researchers and further studies. Design/methodology/approach: Applying the appropriate methodological procedures according to the guidelines of Tranfield, Denyer, & Smart (2003) and Snyder (2019), in that this process involved a search in the digital research databases using the keyword "Black_Friday" in the title, abstract or keywords of the publications listed Findings: We found a quite fragmented literature in publications were recorded in at least 20 countries, with a fragmented distribution of authors and a practically non-existent connection between them, concentrated primarily among colleagues of the same research center. Seventeen research topics were identified in this SLR, the six most frequent being: buying attitude/intention, customer misbehavior, predictive data analysis, marketing strategies, social networks, and shopping choices/motivations. Originality/value: The study contributes to the development of the research field of the promotional strategy , it being a starting point for future researchers who want to delve deeper into the identified topics or the potential research gaps on the subject and deliver in appendices, a complete list of work titles, year and outlet of publication, and main author in alphabetical order by last name and country of origin.

Systematic literature review of the black friday promotional strategy

Purpose: Black Friday (BF) is one of the most important holiday shopping day in retail. As BF expanded and became better known, increasing its share in holiday shopping season sales, it also started attracting the interest of academics This paper is a SLR on BF and its goal is to map and group the studies conducted on the promotional strategy, identifying the main topics within the scope of this study, the publications and evolution over the years, the authors who published most and their respective countries, and to deliver a consolidated list of publications to help connect researchers and further studies. Design/methodology/approach: Applying the appropriate methodological procedures according to the guidelines of Tranfield, Denyer, & Smart (2003) and Snyder (2019), in that this process involved a search in the digital research databases using the keyword "Black_Friday" in the title, abstract or keywords of the publications listed Findings: We found a quite fragmented literature in publications were recorded in at least 20 countries, with a fragmented distribution of authors and a practically non-existent connection between them, concentrated primarily among colleagues of the same research center. Seventeen research topics were identified in this SLR, the six most frequent being: buying attitude/intention, customer misbehavior, predictive data analysis, marketing strategies, social networks, and shopping choices/motivations. Originality/value: The study contributes to the development of the research field of the promotional strategy , it being a starting point for future researchers who want to delve deeper into the identified topics or the potential research gaps on the subject and deliver in appendices, a complete list of work titles, year and outlet of publication, and main author in alphabetical order by last name and country of origin.

Stories of names: exploring Chinese high school language-other-than-English learners’ foreign name(s) usage and its role in multilingual identity construction

ABSTRACT Names serve as a rudimentary bond that connects us to the world. The relationship between language learners’ foreign names adoption and their identity construction has been receiving increased attention. With most studies conducted in English-learning contexts, this study contributes to this line of research by adopting a multilingual framework to explore the role of name choices in the construction of Chinese high school language(s)-other-than-English learners’ multilingual and linguistic identities. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten students who studied multiple foreign languages, focusing on their self-perceptions in relation to different names and their stories of identity negotiation through name usage in various social and linguistic settings. Findings show that names are vehicles of meaning that transmit messages to both the bearer and the people around them. The learners adeptly navigated among names of different linguistic origins, which enriched their identity as multilinguals. The choice, creation, adoption and rejection of foreign names reflected learners’ agency along with their struggles as multilingual learners and users on various sociocultural levels. It is argued that learners’ usage or non-usage of foreign names and their multilingual identity share a co-constitutive relationship and that names reflect, perform and shape the bearers’ multilingual identity.

Iazyk moy pouczytsia prawdi twoiey»: слов’яноруські вставки польською графікою у трактаті Лазаря Барановича

The article draws attention to the Slavenrosska phonetics analysing the Slavenorosski insertions in Polish graphics in Lazar Baranovych’s theological treatise “Notiy pięć ran Chrystvsowych pięс” (1680). These insertions reflect the epoch’s tendencies in pronouncing the Slavenorosski texts by the speakers of Northern Ukrainian (Eastern Polisyen) patois, e.g. prove the well-established pronunciation of ѣ as [і]. The pronunciation of labials, velars, pharyngeal and [н’] before the front vowel [і] was systematicallysoft. The sibilant sounds, on the contrary, were hard (the corresponding letters were always followed by a y, not an i). The variations ri/ry, ti/ty, li/ly, si/sy, di/dy show an [и] sound that replaced the former [i], and the history of language corroborates this fact. The document presents the palatalized pronunciation of velars as well as the pharyngeal before the front vowel (it surely was an [i]) replacing their hard pronunciation before vowels). The hard pronunciation of consonants before an [e] and the fricative pronunciation of Slavenorosska г was confirmed. The Cyrillic щ was pronounced as a combination of two hard sibilants [шч]. The treatise recorded the hard pronunciation of the final stem sound [р] while the etymologically soft pronunciation inside the stem remains systematically intact. The document records the hard pronunciation of [ц] at the stem end of masculine nouns. The nominative and accusative forms of singular masculine adjectives are mostly pronounced with a reduced final [ǐ]. Proper names of Greek origin could have a fricative or, less frequently, a plosive pronunciation in lieu of γ, ѳ mainly sounded as [фт]. In the king’s name, it was transliterated as th.

Man and His Name in Oikonymy and Microtoponymy of South Karelia

The paper deals with the personal names attested as parts of oikonyms (settlement names) and microtoponyms of South (Olonets) Karelia where most of the population in the last few centuries speaks the Livvik dialect of the Karelian language. According to the author’s statistics, more than 60% of the settlement names in the Livvik area are of anthroponymic origin, which explains the focus of research. Based on the studied oikonyms and microtoponyms, the author identifies three main groups of human naming: anthroponyms of Balto-Fennic origin, non-Christian names of Russian origin, Christian names and their forms. Within the first group, particular mention is made of the names that relate to the ancient Balto-Fennic “faunistic” tradition (village Hukkal < Hukka ‘Wolf’, village Kurrenselgy < Kurgi ‘Crane’, etc.); the names that characterize a person in terms of physical condition, behavior, social status (v. Keikkul < Keikku ‘Lame’, v. Hörpäl < Hörppö ‘Chatterbox’, v. Herranselgy < Herra ‘Rich Man’, etc.); personal names with negative semantics (v. Kel’l’ul < Kel’l’u ‘Scoundrel’, v. Tahtahal < Tahtas ‘Fool’, etc.). The second group includes a number of non-Christian names of Russian origin that once existed in South Karelia, reconstructed based on the toponymic material (*Gorb < v. Gorbal, *Zhdan < v. Ždianu, *Rubets < v. Rubčoilu, etc.). In some cases, Karelian Livviks could have two “Russian” names, from which the author carefully assumes that at least in the 16th–17th centuries, there was a tradition to give the child a double name: a Christian calendar name and an everyday non-Christian Russian name. The third largest group includes rare Karelian forms of Christian names, including female ones, reflected in the toponymy of the region. The appendix lists all forms of Christian names reconstructed by the author based on oikonymy and microtoponymy of Olonets Karelia.

ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF MORTGAGE LENDING AND REAL ESTATE MARKETS IN RA

At the same time, real estate and mortgage lending markets are particularly sensitive to external shocks, especially currency market fluctuations, military conditions, political instability, etc. The real estate and mortgage lending markets have been and remain the subject of study by Armenian and foreign specialists and experts. Mortgage is one of the oldest institutions of civil law, which has been transformed and improved over a long period of historical development. Currently, the mortgage has reached the highest level of development, retaining its original name, that is, being one of the most reliable forms of loan security

Conversion of CPRD AURUM data into the OMOP common data model

IntroductionEfforts to standardize clinical data using Common Data Models (CDMS) has grown in recent years. Use of CDMs allows for quicker understanding of data structure and reuse of existing tools. One CDM is the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) CDM. Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) is a data collection program collecting general practitioner data in the UK. ObjectiveOur objective was to convert a static copy of CPRD AURUM data into the OMOP CDM and run existing tools on the converted data. MethodsTwo methods were used to convert each CPRD file into the OMOP CDM. The first was direct mapping used when converting CPRD files that had comparable tables in the OMOP CDM. The original names were changed to the OMOP equivalent and source values converted to standardized OMOP concepts. CPRD files: Patient (to OMOP Person), Staff (to Provider), Drug Issue (to Drug Exposure) and Practice (to Care Site) were directly mapped. The second method was indirect where for the CPRD Observation file the domain of each data row was used to assign data to proper OMOP tables or columns done by converting all source values to standard concepts. ResultsThe OMOP CDM conversion populated 12 tables and 20,240,453,339 rows, with the largest table being the Measurement table (5,202,579,174 data row). Mapping source values to OMOP standard concepts, we found 60.2% (46,413 of 77,149) of source concepts were also standard concepts. The Drug Exposure table had the fewest source values already in the standard form as only 4.7% (1433 of 30,194) of the source concepts were standard concepts. On a data retention level, only 2.00% of all data rows were excluded as they did not have a clear fit in the developed CDM and were not able to stand alone without additional information which was not present. ConclusionCPRD AURUM was successfully converted into the OMOP CDM with minimal data loss. Existing OHDSI tools were used with the converted data to show efficacy of the converted data. The existence of a standardized version of CPRD AURUM data vastly increases its reusability in future research due to increased understanding and tools available.

Топонимический атлас Казахстана с всплывающими подсказками (предварительная работа по составлению)

The article is devoted to the toponymic map of Kazakhstan, which demonstrates the distribution of the main types of geographical names of substrate origin on the territory of modern Kazakhstan. The maps will contain toponyms of different categories and language groups, which give an idea of the toponymic landscape of Kazakhstan. Toponymy is inherently linguistic and includes historical, geographical, ethnographic, cultural, sociological and literary components that help identify the distinctive features of objects and traditions, which takes this direction beyond the scope of linguistics itself and makes it an autonomous discipline that uses predominantly linguistic methods. Methods closely related to the complex of humanities and earth and universe sciences. The importance of the science of place names is invaluable when studying a country. The atlases will reflect hydronyms, oikonyms, oronyms, urbanonyms, hodonyms, gorononyms, droonyms, macrotoponyms, cosmonyms, phytotoponyms, microtoponyms, anthropotoponyms and microtoponyms of various types and their areas. The maps will be compiled by IT specialists, taking into account modern requirements. It should be noted that this atlas will be periodically updated, depending on the priority areas of certain areas. In addition to old and new names, the atlas will be filled with information about the time of renaming. The electronic version of the atlas will be made in MapInfo Professional, version 9.0. The work will be of interest to specialists in linguistic geography, onomastics, archeology, and ethnography.

Precedent Names from Russian Literature in English-Language Cartoon

The paper analyzes precedent names of Russian origin in polycode texts of pictorial caricature genre, published in American magazines and available in the licensed cartoonstock.com database. The particular focus is made on the names of Russian writers and poets (Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, Chekhov, Pasternak, Solzhenitsyn), and the titles of Russian-language literary works featured in American caricature (War and Peace, Crime and Punishment, The Karamazov Brothers, Cherry Orchard, The Three Sisters and The GULAG Archipelago). Methodologically, the study is based on cognitive, linguo-semiotic, linguo-axiological, and contextual analysis. It is noted that the cartoons convey stereotypical ideas about the works of Russian writers: the intimidating large volume of Tolstoy’s works, and the conciseness of Chekhov’s are both treated ironically; stylistic features (Chekhov’s attention to detail; Dostoevsky’s psychological tension) are ridiculed. Content references are often superficial and only touch upon the most mundane, utilitarian issues, overlooking more complex social and psychological problems (generation gap, internal conflicts). In a truly caricatured light, the authors are depicted as money-makers, and their characters turn into comic figures of popular computer games. Some works of Russian writers are presented in an axiologically deflated way: Anton Chekhov’s plays were turned into sports competitions and ice shows, Alexander Solzhenitsyn’s GULAG Archipelago became a musical. The authors conclude that in English-language polycode texts, Russian precedent literary onyms are predominated with ironic evaluative semantics, and the general irony is accompanied by a tendency towards a simplified, formalized perception of works of Russian literature.