Original Name Research Articles

Corrigendum to: Update of the Preclinical Situation of Anticancer Platinum Complexes: Novel Design Strategies and Innovative Analytical Approaches.

An article was published in the journal "Current Medicinal Chemistry," Volume 12, No. 18, 2005, pp: 2075-2094 [1]. The first author is requesting an alteration in the name. Details of a correction are provided here. The original name published was Markus Galanski. The request is to change the name to Mathea Sophia Galanski. The original article can be found online at: http://www.benthamscience.com/article/5874.

THE STUDY OF ANCIENT NAMES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SYSTEM OF LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL KNOWLEDGE IN THE NATIONAL CORPUS

Knowledge of the worldview, thinking, civilization, and culture of certain people through language, and its information is one of the urgent problems at present. The study of the system and status, level, ethnolinguistic character, meanings, internal and external sources of development of titles and positions of the Kazakh society in the past, which has developed in the course of historical development, is the main purpose of the research work. Therefore, of particular importance is the disclosure of the ethnolinguistic nature of the original names of positions in the Kazakh language, and the definition of their ethnocultural meanings. The studied language lexicon stores not only cultural information related to the governance of the country, and its official title, but also valuable data reflecting the culture, mentality, views, and worldview of the Kazakh people, and its identity, therefore they are a valuable heritage with a spiritual chronicle character preserved throughout history and time; names of titles and positions in the formation of the Kazakh ethnos shows the continuity of culture, characterizes the state of Kazakh society in different epochs, trends of formation, development. In the modern information society, the main source of the transfer and preservation of cultural values to future generations is the introduction of cultural concepts into the database of National Corpora. Information about what any word means also creates the necessary query for the user. Therefore, along with the lexical meaning of the word sought in national corpora, the provision of information about the cultural semantics of cultural units is of paramount importance for native speakers. Linguistic and cultural units and the system of cultural knowledge about them, as well as the bank accumulator of cultural texts, this is the Linguistic and cultural sub-corpus of the Kazakh language. Since this type of sub-corpus is an extensive cultural and linguistic fund of the Kazakh language, the texts and themes of cultural units included in it are becoming more diverse. Cultural and semantic markup is a system of knowledge about the culture of a nation encoded in the semantic structure of words. The unit that stores the system of cultural knowledge in its internal form is the word, that is, the so-called units of culture.

Proper Names Translation in “The Secret Garden” Novel by Frances Hodgson Burnett

In literary works such as novels, language plays a vital role in telling stories. Novels that will be distributed to readers from various countries will usually be translated first, and it is the job of the translator to maintain several important elements such as proper names so that they remain under the original meaning of the text. This way, readers can fully grasp the essence of the story in the translated version. The main aim of this study is to discover the different kinds of proper names and translation techniques used in Frances Hodgson Burnett's novel, The Secret Garden. To achieve this, the research incorporates Newmark's theory. The data was collected through observation and documentation, with notes being taken during the process. As a result, the study identified three distinct types of proper names in The Secret Garden novel, such as people’s names, geographical terms, and names of objects. Furthermore, during the research, seven different translation procedures were discovered. These procedures include transference, naturalization, couplets, expansion, shift or transposition, cultural equivalent, and literal translation. Out of all the translation procedures studied, the transference procedure was the one most used. It allowed the translator to retain the original names as much as possible while translating the novel into another language.

Nomenclature standards of honeysuckle varieties selected by the Pavlovsk Experimental Station of the Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources

Nomenclature standards of 17 varieties of honeysuckle selected by the Pavlovsk Experimental Station of N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) were developed under the Project on creation nomenclature standards for varieties of cultivated plants of domestic selection in the VIR. Plant material for herbarium specimens designated as nomenclature standards was gathered at the flowering and fruiting stages (2020, 2021) in the collection of the originator (Pushkinsk and Pavlovsk laboratories of VIR) in assistance of a cobreeder of these varieties. The herbarization process involves selecting variety-specific parts of the plant (flowers, vegetative and generative shoots, berries). A herbarium label specifies a herbarium code of the specimen in the VIR herbarium, a Latin name of the species, a name of the variety, an origin (name of the organization where the variety was created), a place of generation (where the herbarium plant was grown), dates of collection, names of collectors. Each herbarium specimen is supplemented with photographs of flowers and berries. The nomenclature standards were drawn in accordance with the recommendations of The International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP) as well as the VIR-developed protocol, and were registered in the VIR herbarium database. As a result of the study, nomenclature standards of the following honeysuckle varieties were created, formalized and deposited in the Herbarium of Cultivated plants of the world, their wild relatives and weeds (WIR): Altair (WIR-97772), Amphora (WIR-97778), Bogdana (WIR-97780), Viola (WIR-97784), Volkhova (WIR-97785), Lebedushka (WIR97834), Malvina (WIR-97837), Morena (WIR-97838), Nympha (WIR-97839), Omega (WIR-97840), Pavlovskaya (WIR-97841), Pushkinskaya (WIR-97842), Slavyanka (WIR-97845), Sodruzhestvo (WIR-97847), Solovey (WIR97848), Souvenir (WIR-97975), Fialka (WIR-97978).

Regulation of the profession Restorer in Slovakia

The Slovak Republic decided to regulate access to the execution of the profession “restorer” by establishing the Chamber of Restorers (original name in Slovak: “Komora reštaurátorov”). The Chamber of Restorers was established by law in 1994 as a so-called professional chamber with compulsory membership. It gathers physical persons executing the profession “restorer” in Slovakia. As far as we know, it is the only country in the EU where the attempts for self-regulation of the professionals executing the liberal profession “restorer” have been successfully transformed into the creation of a so-called professional chamber. The idea and initiative came from the restorers themselves. At the beginning of the process of preparation of a proposal on how to structure the law, the Slovaks cooperated with their former federal partners from the already split up Czech and Slovak Federative Republic. However, the Czech situation developed differently. The article explains the restorers´ chamber system and its historical preconditions in the Czechoslovak organisation of the profession´s execution.

Interpretation Methods for Seismic Downhole Test in Inclined Boreholes

Geotechnical investigations often involve inclined boreholes, which can be used for downhole (DH) seismic surveys. However, as there is no interpretation method for downhole tests in inclined boreholes (IDH), this study proposes alternative interpretation methods based on the direct method (DM), interval method (IM), modified interval method (MIM), and refracted ray path method (RRM). We have named the proposed methods, adding an I to the original name to indicate that they are performed in an inclined well, i.e., DMI, IMI, MIMI, and RRMI. To analyze the applicability of the proposed methods, eight simple models with horizontal layers and four 2D models were used to obtain the P- and S-wave velocity profiles. Among all the proposed methods, the RRMI method showed the best fit between the calculated S-wave velocity (Vs) profile and the real models, providing good reliability. To test the equations and hypotheses, new interpretation steps were developed based on Snell's law and a modification of the numerical bisection method, which showed that the error increased slightly as the dip angle of the well decreased. The next step was to test the accuracy of the RRMI method in the field and develop downhole test processing software for vertical and inclined boreholes. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-10-016 Full Text: PDF

Waynella nom. nov. (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae), a new replacement name for Rowleyella Lewis, 1971, a junior homonym of Rowleyella Weller, 1911 (Brachiopoda: Meristidae).

Rowleyella Lewis, 1971, established for a genus of fleas, was found to be a junior homonym of the brachiopod genus Rowleyella Weller, 1911 and is therefore replaced by Waynella nom. nov., a substitute that preserves the meaning of the original name. The four previously included nominal species, viz., Rowleyella arborea Lewis, 1971 (type-species), R. gongshanensis Gong and Duan, 1989, R. nujiangensis Lin and Xie, 1990 and R. fugongensis Gong and Li, 2020, are accordingly now to be called Waynella arborea (Lewis, 1971) n. comb., W. gongshanensis (Gong and Duan, 1989) n. comb., W. nujiangensis (Lin and Xie, 1990) n. comb. and W. fugongensis (Gong and Li, 2020) n. comb., respectively.

Augmented intelligence facilitates concept mapping across different electronic health records

IntroductionWith the advent of artificial intelligence, the secondary use of routinely collected medical data from electronic healthcare records (EHR) has become increasingly popular. However, different EHR systems typically use different names for the same medical concepts. This obviously hampers scalable model development and subsequent clinical implementation for decision support. Therefore, converting original parameter names to a so-called ontology, a standardized set of predefined concepts, is necessary but time-consuming and labor-intensive. We therefore propose an augmented intelligence approach to facilitate ontology alignment by predicting correct concepts based on parameter names from raw electronic health record data exports. MethodsWe used the manually mapped parameter names from the multicenter “Dutch ICU data warehouse against COVID-19” sourced from three types of EHR systems to train machine learning models for concept mapping. Data from 29 intensive care units on 38,824 parameters mapped to 1,679 relevant and unique concepts and 38,069 parameters labeled as irrelevant were used for model development and validation. We used the Natural Language Toolkit (NLTK) to preprocess the parameter names based on WordNet cognitive synonyms transformed by term-frequency inverse document frequency (TF-IDF), yielding numeric features. We then trained linear classifiers using stochastic gradient descent for multi-class prediction. Finally, we fine-tuned these predictions using information on distributions of the data associated with each parameter name through similarity score and skewness comparisons. ResultsThe initial model, trained using data from one hospital organization for each of three EHR systems, scored an overall top 1 precision of 0.744, recall of 0.771, and F1-score of 0.737 on a total of 58,804 parameters. Leave-one-hospital-out analysis returned an average top 1 recall of 0.680 for relevant parameters, which increased to 0.905 for the top 5 predictions. When reducing the training dataset to only include relevant parameters, top 1 recall was 0.811 and top 5 recall was 0.914 for relevant parameters. Performance improvement based on similarity score or skewness comparisons affected at most 5.23% of numeric parameters. ConclusionAugmented intelligence is a promising method to improve concept mapping of parameter names from raw electronic health record data exports. We propose a robust method for mapping data across various domains, facilitating the integration of diverse data sources. However, recall is not perfect, and therefore manual validation of mapping remains essential.

CITY MANAGER VERSUS PUBLIC ADMINISTRATOR IN MODERN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT: THE CASE OF ROMANIA

Modernizing public administration is a key goal of Governments that have said they have succeeded in recent years. An example is the CUPAR project to promote the function of a public administrator, institutionalized by Law 286/2006 in Romania. Inspired by the American model of the city manager (this is the original name of this function), it is aimed at increasing professionalism in local government and ensuring the separation of political and administrative troops. A city manager is a professional administration and the leader of this team. The personality and his professional interests have a great influence on the area. The role of city managers of all Americans is to help local authorities improve the services provided to citizens. The success or failure of a city manager depends on the development of a close working relationship with the mayor and members of the city council. Often their problems are of priority importance, and the city manager must constantly inform on all issues of interest. The American equivalent of a city manager, so to speak, in the Romanian administrative system is a public administrator.

Filling Gaps in Earthworm Digital Diversity in Northern Eurasia from Russian-language Literature

Data availability for certain groups of organisms (ecosystem engineers, invasive or protected species, etc.) is important for monitoring and making predictions in changing environments. One of the most promising directions for research on the impact of changes is species distribution modelling. Such technologies are highly dependent on occurrence data of high quality (Van Eupen et al. 2021). Earthworms (order Crassiclitellata) are a key group of organisms (Lavelle 2014), but their distribution around the globe is underrepresented in digital resources. Dozens of earthworm species, both widespread and endemic, inhabit the territory of Northern Eurasia (Perel 1979), but extremely poor data on them is available through global biodiversity repositories (Cameron 2018). There are two main obstacles to data mobilisation. Firstly, studies of the diversity of earthworms in Northen Eurasia have a long history (since the end of the nineteenth century) and were conducted by several generations of Soviet and Russian researchers. Most of the collected data have been published in "grey literature", now stored only in a few libraries. Until recently, most of these remained largely undigitised, and some are probably irretrievably lost. The second problem is the difference in the taxonomic checklists used by Soviet and European researchers. Not all species and synonyms are included in the GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility) Backbone Taxonomy. As a result, existing earthworm species distribution models (Phillips 2019) potentially miss a significant amount of data and may underestimate biodiversity, and predict distributions inaccurately. To fill this gap, we collected occurrence data from the Russian language literature (published by Soviet and Russian researchers) and digitised species checklists, keeping the original scientific names. To find relevant literature, we conducted a keyword search for "earthworms" and "Lumbricidae" through the Russian national scientific online library eLibrary and screened reference lists from the monographs of leading Soviet and Russian soil zoologist Tamara Perel (Vsevolodova-Perel 1997, Perel 1979). As a result, about 1,000 references were collected, of which 330 papers had titles indicating the potential to contain data on earthworm occurrences. Among these, 219 were found as PDF files or printed papers. For dataset compilation, 159 papers were used; the others had no exact location data or duplicated data contained in other papers. Most of the sources were peer-reviewed articles (Table 1). A reference list is available through Zenodo (Ivanova et al. 2023). The earliest publication we could find dates back to 1899, by Wilhelm Michaelsen. The most recent publication is 2023. About a third of the sources were written by systematists Iosif Malevich and Tamara Perel. Occurrence data were extracted and structured according to the Darwin Core standard (Wieczorek et al. 2012). During the data digitisation process, we tried to include as much primary information as possible. Only one tenth of the literature occurrences contained the geographic coordinates of locations provided by the authors. The remaining occurrences were manually georeferenced using the point-radius method (Wieczorek et al. 2010). The resulting occurrence dataset Earthworm occurrences from Russian-language literature (Shashkov et al. 2023) was published through the Global Biodiversity Information Facility portal. It contains 5304 occurrences of 117 species from 27 countries (Fig. 1). To improve the GBIF Backbone Taxonomy, we digitised two catalogues of earthworm species published for the USSR (Perel 1979) and Russian Federation (Vsevolodova-Perel 1997) by Tamara Perel. Based on these monographs, three checklist datasets were published through GBIF (Shashkov 2023b, 124 records; Shashkov 2023c, 87 records; Shashkov 2023a, 95 records). Now we work towards including these names in the GBIF Backbone so that all species names can be matched and recorded exactly as mentioned in papers published by Soviet and Russian researchers.

Prevalence and Phylogenetic Analysis of Lipoprotein-Gene ragB-1 of Porphyromonas gingivalis-A Pilot Study.

Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g.) is a key pathogen involved in periodontal diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and phylogenetic origin of the lipoprotein-gene ragB in its most virulent variant, ragB-1 (co-transcribed with ragA-1 as locus rag-1), in different P.g. strains collected worldwide. A total of 138 P.g. strains were analyzed for the presence of ragB-1 by pooled analysis and subsequently individual PCRs. Sequencing a core fragment of ragB-1 of the individual strains made it possible to carry out a phylogenetic classification using sequence alignment. In total, 22 of the 138 P.g. strains tested positive for ragB-1, corresponding to a prevalence of 16%. The fragment investigated was highly conserved, with variations in the base sequence detected in only three strains (OMI 1072, OMI 1081, and OMI 1074). In two strains, namely OMI 1072 (original name: I-433) and OMI 1081 (original name: I-372), which originate from monkeys, two amino-acid alterations were apparent. Since ragB-1 has also been found in animal strains, it may be concluded that rag-1 was transferred from animals to humans and that this originally virulent variant was weakened by mutations over time so that new, less virulent, adapted commensal versions of rag (rag-2, -3, and -4), with P.g. as the host, evolved.

Discurso del Presidente de la Academia Argentina de Cirugía

It is a great honor and an enormous responsibility to have been elected president of such a prestigious institution as the Academia Argentina de Cirugía by my peers, and I am deeply grateful for this nomination. This academy was created almost 112 years ago at a very particular historical moment in our country (a rich and migrant-receiving country). Buenos Aires was a thriving, cosmopolitan city with important medical advances. It was in this context that a group of surgeons, led by Dr. Daniel Cranwell, gathered at his home to found the Sociedad de Cirugía de Buenos Aires, the first association of surgeons in Argentina. Later, in 1939, it became Academia Argentina de Cirugía, following the guidelines of the French Academy of Surgery. However, for political reasons, it was forced to return to its original name in 1954, and it was not until 1969 that it took on its current name.

Checklist, typification details, and nomenclature status of ascomycetous fungi originally described in Sri Lanka

Despite being a biodiversity-rich country, Sri Lanka’s fungal diversity remains largely unexplored. In the 19th century, British mycologists conducted extensive research, leading to the identification of more than 1,800 fungal taxa, including ascomycetous and basidiomycetous species. However, the majority of these taxa have not been revisited since their initial description, and molecular evidence is lacking. Moreover, a significant number of fungal taxa have been deemed invalid or illegitimate, indicating the need for a nomenclatural revision. To address this knowledge gap, this review provides a comprehensive list of ascomycetous taxa (including both lichen-forming and non-lichenized) that were originally described in Sri Lanka. Names are listed according to the original names which were included in the protologue. In the cases where species have been transferred to other genera, the current names and new classifications are provided. The typification details, nomenclature status, and classification are also presented. This checklist will serve as a valuable resource for the future epitypification of old taxa, as much of the existing information is poorly documented and scattered.

A uniqueness-based approach to provide descriptive JUnit test names

The descriptive naming of unit tests has always been a focal task in test maintenance. Previous work tried to use different methods to generate descriptive names for unit tests or provide suggestions to improve existing names, but they often neglected developers’ needs. Therefore, they are unlikely to be useful to provide descriptive test names for developers in real world. Based on a recent study that can identify uniqueness of JUnit tests, we propose a uniqueness-based name generation approach to generate descriptive test names that meet developers’ needs. Comparing with several alternative approaches, the generated name from our approach are preferred by professional developers, or at least at the same level of preference as the original test names.

Roles of Japanese scripts in Western fashion: Fusion and New Orientalism

This paper examines the use of Japanese scripts on fashion items. The use of English on fashion items (e.g. t-shirts) has been observed across the globe and examined in the field of sociolinguistics. In recent years, fashion brands such as Gucci, Coach, Adidas, and Nike have printed Japanese scripts on their clothes alongside their original brand names. A UK fashion brand, Superdry, employ Japanese in their brand name and logos. However, the use of languages other than English has not yet been analysed in the fields of sociolinguistics or fashion. The adoption of different cultural norms is often discussed as a form of cultural appropriation. This paper challenges that view by comparing the use of English and Japanese as well as by discussing possible explanations and the roles of Japanese scripts in fashion. It emerges that Japanese scripts are used due to the symbolic, cultural, and linguistic capital that they hold, as well as with a view to enabling brands to express uniqueness. The paper argues that printing Japanese scripts on fashion items is not a simple representation of Japonisme, but rather a form of cultural and linguistic appreciation. It also asserts that the New Orientalism that has been observed in the adaptation of Japanese scripts to fashion has no connotation of otherness. Instead, it represents an active acceptance of the East and the generation of new cultures. Transcultural flows are observed in the field of fashion in the era of globalisation. This paper presents a new perspective on studies on Orientalism and the use of languages and scripts.

Does Brand Name Matter in Alleviating Ethnocentrism? The Interplay of Brand Origin and Brand Name in Radically New Product Evaluation

Using categorization theory, this study develops four research questions: (1) does brand name affect new product evaluation? (2) does brand origin interact with the brand name in radically new product evaluation in four different country examples (U.S., Mexico, Germany, and Bulgaria)? (3) what is the underlying mechanism of the brand origin effect on new product evaluation? and (4) does individual difference matter in the perceived value of the products? The results demonstrate that when the brand origin is U.S., the U.S. brand name leads to a higher perceived value of the brand than the Mexican brand. If the brand origin is Mexico, the brand name effect is attenuated. In Germany and Bulgaria condition, when the brand origin is Bulgaria, a German brand name is better evaluated than a Bulgarian brand name. But the brand name effect is mitigated in Germany condition.

Procurement of Street Lighting Facilities using Porous-resistant Materials

Abstract. This community service was carried out in Wanujoyo Lor Hamlet, Srimartani, Piyungan Bantul, which is 22 KM from the UMY campus, with RT 01 residents as partners. The first problem faced by RT01 residents was the lack of street lighting around the hamlet. The residents found it difficult to carry out activities via the road at night without additional lighting and also the security factor of the hamlet which is vulnerable to crime. The second was that many residents of the RT01 community are still unfamiliar with the knowledge of safe electrical installations. There were two solutions offered. The first was procuring street lighting in the form of poles, lampshades, and cables as well as other supporting materials that are waterproof so that they are more durable in all types of weather. The second was by holding counseling about the names of electrical devices from the original/foreign language and safe electrical installations based on safety standards. The method used was the procurement of tools, counseling, training, and mentoring. Counseling and training began by providing counseling about the original names of electrical tools that come from their original languages and the functions of these tools. Then, training on safe electrical installations and how to make them was conducted. Finally, it was ended by mentoring and evaluation of this service program.

Śivagṛha: religious harmonization and the concept of unity in diversity

Prambanan Temple is a Hindu Nusantara Theological Archetype, where the name of the Parabrahman temple becomes Prambanan which means worship of the Supreme God, or the highest temple. The pattern of temple construction that uses the Vāstupuruṣamaṇḍala pattern and the concept of worship is characterized by Hindu Theology which is universal, overshadowing all isms. Relics in the form of Prambanan Temple, the grandest temple in Nusantara, illustrate the glory of Hinduism in the past and the theological concepts and ideas of diversity that are developing today. This qualitative research examines Prambanan Temple as an Archetype of Hindu Nusantara Theology that encourages religious harmonization and upholds the concept of unity amid differences. The research was conducted in several locations, such as the Prambanan Temple Complex, the Indonesian National Museum, the Jakarta National Library, and the Yogyakarta Archaeological Agency. Data analysis was carried out using qualitative analysis known as Ethnographic Content Analysis (ECA), a combination of objective content analysis with participant observation. The original name of Prambanan Temple is Śivagrha which means House of Śiva or Śivalaya-nature of Śiva, as well as the temple of Lord Śiva. Śivagrha is a temple complex worshiping the Tri Murti, namely Brahma, Visnu, and Śiva, as the Creator, Sustainer, and Demolisher. From the structure of the building and the text search, this temple has a Śivaistic concept, namely Śiva is worshiped as the highest Devata. However, it also attracted other devotees and united them with the construction of other deities worshiped in the various temples in this complex. Thus Prambanan became a center of worship, a center for study, a center for Brahmin activities, and a spiritual center or a yatra destination for the wider community.

Canalis cruropopliteus - the overlooked canal of Wenzel Gruber

It is widely known that the popliteal fossa and the lower leg are connected by a canal, containing the neuro-vascular bundle to the posterior leg region, containing the tibial nerve and the posterior tibial artery and veins. The existence of this canal has not been duly recognized in literature, even though it has been named by Wenzel Gruber in 1871, and its contents, walls, entrance, and exits have been extensively described by him in 1878. In the present paper, we would like to pay a homage to the work of this prominent anatomist, which retains its significance for contemporary surgical practice. The cruropopliteal canal, canalis cruropopliteus, as named by him, and having been assigned a multitude of terms in practice, deserves to regain its eponymous name – Gruber’s canal. The history, and the anatomy with its clinical implications are discussed herein. We hereby recommend that the original name of this canal be included in anatomical textbooks and specialized literature.

A Study into the Carcassi Guitar Method in Terms of Content

The aim of this study is to investigate the “Carcassi Guitar Method” in terms of content. The research has a descriptive design based on the document analysis model, one of the qualitative research methods. Within the scope of the research, the edition of Matteo Carcassi’s guitar method, the original name of which was “Methode Complete pour La Guitarre”, named “Carcassi Method for the Guitar”, published by Oliver Ditson Company with the editorship of G.C. Santisteban, was obtained, and the 12 parts of the method and the subjects included in the chapters were examined by documentary scanning method. As result of the research; It has been revealed that the content of the method includes scales, cadences, etudes and pieces in all tones, exercises related to the subject are included in all parts of the method, on the other hand, the method is far from being a source of repertory due to the low number of pieces in the content.