Original Message Research Articles

Advancing health equity: evaluating AI translations of kidney donor information for Spanish speakers

BackgroundHealth equity and access to essential medical information remain significant challenges, especially for the Spanish-speaking Hispanic population, which faces barriers in accessing living kidney donation opportunities. ChatGPT, an AI language model with sophisticated natural language processing capabilities, has been identified as a promising tool for translating critical health information into Spanish. This study aims to assess ChatGPT’s translation efficacy to ensure the information provided is accurate and culturally relevant.MethodsThis study utilized ChatGPT versions 3.5 and 4.0 to translate 27 frequently asked questions (FAQs) from English to Spanish, sourced from Donate Life America’s website. The translated content was reviewed by native Spanish-speaking nephrologists using a standard rubric scale (1–5). The assessment focused on linguistic accuracy and cultural sensitivity, emphasizing retention of the original message, appropriate vocabulary and grammar, and cultural relevance.ResultsThe mean linguistic accuracy scores were 4.89 ± 0.32 for GPT-3.5 and 5.00 ± 0.00 for GPT-4.0 (p = 0.08). The percentage of excellent-quality translations (score = 5) in linguistic accuracy was 89% for GPT-3.5 and 100% for GPT-4.0 (p = 0.24). The mean cultural sensitivity scores were 4.89 ± 0.32 for both GPT-3.5 and GPT-4.0 (p = 1.00). Similarly, excellent-quality translations in cultural sensitivity were achieved in 89% of cases for both versions (p = 1.00).ConclusionChatGPT 4.0 demonstrates strong potential to enhance health equity by improving Spanish-speaking Hispanic patients’ access to LKD information through accurate and culturally sensitive translations. These findings highlight the role of AI in mitigating healthcare disparities and underscore the need for integrating AI-driven tools into healthcare systems. Future efforts should focus on developing accessible platforms and establishing guidelines to maximize AI’s impact on equitable healthcare delivery and patient education.

Audiovisual Translation and Language Teaching

Audiovisual Translation (AVT) and foreign language (FL) learning have converged in recent decades to be an effective combination to improve language skills. Respeaking is one of the few modalities that involves oral practice, since it combines shadowing – a technique involving the immediate and simultaneous repetition of spoken language by a language learner, typically with a brief delay behind the speaker – and the subtitling practice. The present paper aims to offer a proposal on the use of respeaking in FL acquisition emphasising its advantages for FL speaking skills. First, the article will explore the current landscape of language learning and Didactic Audiovisual Translation (DAT). It will then define the concept of respeaking and examine the challenges associated with this AVT method. Subsequently, the discussion will focus on the technique of shadowing, its link to respeaking and its potential benefits for improving oral skills. Finally, the concept of didactic respeaking will be introduced. A proposal will be provided to determine what didactic materials should be used as such, and some reflections on how respeaking can be assessed in FL teaching will be made. The final conclusions reflect on the feasibility of introducing respeaking as a didactic tool in FL teaching, which could be a potential new trend in DAT. Lay summary Audiovisual translation, or the translation of audiovisual texts such as film using modes such as subtitling and dubbing, has been used in language teaching over the years to help students improve their language skills. When studying, learners still struggle when it comes to speaking in class, and they find this ability is the hardest to learn. In audiovisual translation, there is a modality called “respeaking” that involves speaking and listening at the same time. In respeaking, respeakers listen to an oral message and they repeat it so a voice-recognition software can transcribe it. This is frequently used to create live subtitles for people who are deaf or hard of hearing so they can enjoy the programme or the event despite their hearing impairment. This enables them to understand dialogues or sounds because subtitles reflect what is going on and respeakers adapt the information to their needs. If we refer to how respeakers do their job, we can say that respeaking is one of the few modalities of audiovisual translation that involves speaking. We say this because when respeakers respeak, they do what we call “shadowing”: this means that respeakers repeat the message they are hearing out loud, so we can say they are the shadow of the original message. To do so, we will first explain what has been done in audiovisual translation and language teaching until today. Then, we will focus on respeaking, so we will define what it is and the limitations we can find in it. Here we will also talk about shadowing, and how it has been proved that it helps students to improve their speaking. After this, we will show a proposal on how to use repeaking in a lesson plan, showing the materials, the exercises and the tasks that can be done in a foreign language class, and we will wrap up the article by thinking of the applications of respeaking in language teaching and how this could be use from now on to teach languages.

Teaching Legal Translation from Intercultural Communication Perspectives: Challenges and Proposed Recommendations

In the international integration era, intercultural communication has become an integral part fostering the globalization process. As a means of communication intermediary within different parts of the world, translation should not only communicate the original message but also support the understanding among partners. Teaching translation from intercultural communication perspectives, therefore, has attracted the attention of educators. This current study endeavors to ascertain the challenges of teaching translation in a context of a Vietnamese law school from the perspective of intercultural communication. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven lecturers of translation to clarify their views on teaching translation during the second semester of the academic year 2023-2024. Interestingly, the result acknowledges the obstacles concerning learners’ insufficient knowledge, their neglect of culture and interculture importance, teaching materials and teaching methods. Based on such findings, several recommendations in terms of raising learners’ awareness, improving teaching content and materials as well as teaching methods were made with the hope of enhancing the teaching and learning translation process in the context of global intercultural communication.

TokChat: Tokenization of Text for Secured Peer-to-Peer Communication

This paper presents TokChat, a system that utilizes a new approach designed for enhanced security in peer-to-peer communication using text messages. To improve the security of messages in a conversation, the system converts a message into tokens by leveraging existing pre-trained tokenizers that are commonly used across numerous natural language processing (NLP) tasks. The tokens represent a compact numerical form of text that captures the original message. A new private key is generated for every new conversation to ensure the confidentiality of the messages in the conversation. The tokens are encrypted using an existing AES-based cryptographic encryption approach, ensuring they can be securely transmitted to the recipient. The receiver receives the encrypted tokens, which are decrypted using the conversation-specific key. The decrypted tokens are converted to readable text using the tokenizer. The usage of the system ensures that the messages fail to be converted into readable text by successful attackers, even with the usage of the private conversation-specific key, without being aware of the tokenization process. The system offers a higher security standard for secure messaging in the use cases in which the confidentiality of the messages is crucial. The system has been tested using multiple text values and successfully tokenized the text, encrypted the tokens, decrypted the transmitted ciphertext, and reproduced the original text. The code is available at github.com/Pro-GenAI/TokChat. Keywords: natural language processing (NLP), tokenization, cryptographic messaging, secure communication

Dumitru Solomon și teatrul de idei (I)

In the early years of communism, Romanian drama encountered major difficulties due to censorship and political control. Great writers, such as Camil Petrescu and Victor Eftimiu, produced mediocre plays, aligned with socialist realism. Likewise, Lucia Demetrius and Aurel Baranga wrote pieces in a socialist style, but rarely ignored official ideology. Part of a select few, Teodor Mazilu, with Fools under the moonlight, drew attention to the abuses of the totalitarian system, in an aestheticized, masked manner. In 1965, Nicolae Ceaușescu imposed a directive for realistic and optimistic art. In the 1970s and 1980s, censorship intensified, culminating in the scandal of the staging of Gogol’s play The Inspector General, directed by Lucian Pintilie, at the “Lucia Sturdza Bulandra” Theater, which was quickly banned after only three performances. In this context, Dumitru Solomon’s dramaturgy focused on dialectics and selfknowledge. His theater, characterized by polemical dialogue and the effects of parody, sought to confront clichés and incite self-reflection. His plays emphasize how dramas transform actions into history and people into characters, reflecting Brecht’s theory of social transformability. The difference between historicism (related to Marxism and the relativity of truths) and historicity (with a focus on a continuous present) is emphasized. In general, Dumitru Solomon believed in uncompromising theater and in performances that do not distort the original message of the dramatic author. In his opinion, it is necessary to balance the comic and dramatic elements, by involving the audience in an active dialogue. At the same time, Dumitru Solomon considered metaphor as essential in theater, through which the relationship between reality and the abstract is explored. The author also insisted on the moral dimension of stage art, stating that theater must interpret reality, not imitate it. In this way, a theater of ideas and debate was promoted, essential for the development of the consciousness of the spectators. With the help of the metaphor, which connects the dream state with reality, utopian ideals are explored, but also the truth about people, with the aim of maintaining a balance between the self and the world.

Are online users influenced by what other users say? Meta-analyzing the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral impact of online comment valence

Online comments have become an essential component of online media consumption. A meta-analysis was conducted to understand how online comment valence affects message perception, issue-relevant beliefs and attitudes, issue-relevant behaviors and behavioral intentions, communication behaviors and intentions, and emotions. Comment valence is defined as the distinction between positive comments, which align with, support, or favor the opinions expressed in the original message, and negative comments, which oppose, criticize, or disagree with the opinions expressed in the original message. After a comprehensive search and systematic screening and coding of existing studies, we identified 44 studies that are eligible to be included in the meta-analysis. We found that positive (vs. negative) comments led to significantly more positive evaluations of original messages (r = .22), stronger beliefs and attitudes that align with the positive comments (r = .29), higher likelihood to engage in behaviors that align with the positive comments (r = .09), higher likelihood to express opinions that align with the positive comments (r = .26), and more positive emotions (r = .16). Moreover, the number of comments, whether comment valence was mixed or not, and whether the original message was news or non-news moderated the effects of online comment valence on several outcomes. The findings suggest integrating these outcomes and moderators to develop a media effect theory and guide media practices in light of comment valence effects.

Text Data Security Using LCG and CBC with Steganography Technique on Digital Image

This research proposes a text data security method using a combination of Linear Congruential Generator (LCG), Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) mode, and Least Significant Bit (LSB) steganography technique on digital images. The message scrambling process using LCG produces ASCII characters as noise that is inserted in the original message. After that, the message is encrypted using AES-256 CBC to provide additional security. The encryption result is then hidden in the digital image through LSB steganography technique. Tests were conducted on images with JPEG and BMP formats to measure the visual quality after the data insertion process, as measured by PSNR (Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio). The test results show a PSNR value of 56.60 dB for JPEG images and 70.84 dB for BMP images. In addition, the insertion process in JPEG images degrades the image quality, mainly due to lossy compression, compared to the lossless BMP format. This study concludes that the proposed combination of methods is effective in hiding messages in images, but is susceptible to compression on lossy formats such as JPEG. The use of lossless image formats such as BMP or PNG is recommended to maintain data integrity.

Can Translation Alter Political Persona? The Case of the Rhetorical Repertoire of Obama and Trump Translated From English to Indonesian

As rhetoric in political speeches represents a particular persona that political figures strive to cultivate, that rhetoric should project the same image as the original when translated. Therefore, this study aims to explore the shifts in rhetorical strategy categories as seen in the translation of the political speeches of former U.S. Presidents Barack Obama and Donald Trump from English to Indonesian, how they affect message correctness, and how they may change the orator's political character. In multiple case studies covering the acceptance and inauguration speeches of both Obama and Trump, some rhetoric maintains their original identities. Moreover, there are five different shifts found in the rhetoric of their speeches: 1.) a shift from rhetoric to non-rhetoric; 2.) a shift from rhetoric to lost or deleted rhetoric; 3.) a shift from a particular type of rhetoric strategy to another; 4.) lessening rhetorical power or degree of the same strategy; and 5.) a shift of propositional message. Furthermore, the study reveals that retaining rhetorical categories in the translation results in higher accuracy, whereas any shift has the opposite effect, as it changes the original rhetorical message. As a result, this raises the possibility that a particularly rhetorical-style political identity may change if a large number of alterations occur.

Teleportation with embezzling catalysts

Quantum teleportation is the process of transferring quantum information using classical communication and pre-shared entanglement. This process can benefit from the use of catalysts, which are ancillary entangled states that can enhance teleportation without being consumed. While chemical catalysts undergoing deactivation invariably exhibit inferior performance compared to those unaffected by deactivation, quantum catalysts, termed embezzling catalysts, that are subject to deactivation, may outperform their non-deactivating counterparts. In this work, we present teleportation protocols with embezzling catalysts that can achieve arbitrarily high fidelity. This enables the teleported state to closely approximate the original message state with arbitrary precision, while maintaining arbitrarily small variations in the catalytic system through the use of finite-dimensional embezzling catalysts. We show that some embezzling catalysts are universal, meaning that they can improve the teleportation fidelity for any pre-shared entanglement. We also explore methods to reduce the dimension of catalysts without increasing catalyst consumption, an essential step towards realizing quantum catalysis in practice.

Empowering Neurodiverse Voices in Research Ethics through a Playful Card-Based Approach

Whenever carrying out research, all participants must know their rights, especially when those participants are perceived as being part of a vulnerable group; however, discussing ethics in investigation can be difficult. To solve this challenge, a playful approach was taken, as playfulness can make dull tasks – especially those that can cause discomfort and difficulties – more entertaining and help people approach them with an open mind. This study reports on four empirical approaches that used a playful process to raise awareness about ethical concerns when doing research with neurodiverse people. For this activity, 39 cards describing and illustrating several relevant and evidence-based ethical principles were created. Then, three case studies were developed, each based on a different focus group composed of ten neurodivergent self-advocates and one with professors and students from Brazil. Each neurodivergent group was also accompanied by three support workers from the partner associations (two of the groups were accompanied by the same individuals). In total, 56 participants engaged in a playful activity that consisted of a game of ‘broken telephone’ where the title of a card (representing an ethical principle) is read to one of the players who then has to whisper it to the next person in line, repeating this process until reaching the last person. The last person then says what they heard out loud, with the original message being revealed for contrast. The title of the cards was discussed by the groups to understand if it was clear and understandable or difficult and confusing. Although not all the cards were validated through the activity, 14 were flagged by neurodivergent people as "needing changes". The feedback was recorded and is presented here. This study set out to validate a set of cards in easy-to-read language that could introduce ethical concepts to participants in research projects through a playful activity. Future study will see the cards iterated upon through the feedback gathered along with the creation of a small guide on how they may be used in playful activities.

A New Class of Braided Block Codes Constructed by Convolutional Interleavers

Parallel Concatenated Block (PCB) codes are conventionally represented as high-rate codes with low error correcting capability. To form a reliable and outstanding code, this paper presents a modification on the structure of PCB codes, which is accomplished by encoding some parity bits of one of their component codes. For the newly proposed code, named as the braided code, non-stuff bit-based convolutional interleavers are applied, aiming to minimize the design complexity while ensuring the proper permutations of the original message and selected parity bits. To precisely determine the error correcting capability, a tight bound for the minimum weight of braided code is presented. Additionally, further analyses are provided, which verify iterative decoding performance and the complexity of the constructed code. It is concluded that an outstanding braided code is formed by utilizing a reasonable number of iterations applied at its decoding processes, while maintaining its design complexity at a level similar to other well-known codes. The significant performance of short and long-length-based braided codes is evident in both waterfall and error floor regions.

Advanced Home Automation Using Light Fidelity

Light Fidelity or Li-Fi is an emerging technology that uses the visible light spectrum for communication. Home automation is one of the very useful ways to control various electronic devices used in a home for our day to day activities. This paper proposes the use of Li-Fi technology, comprising light-emitting diode (LED) bulbs, as means of connectivity. Data is sent through light spectrum on an optical wireless medium as signal propagation. This idea can be implemented as an android application connected to the cloud. All the devices in any home can be monitored and controlled using this app installed in a mobile phone. A user can change the state of any device (ON/OFF) with this app. Changes are made in the cloud, and a message is sent as a binary sequence to the hardware connected to the light source. After translation, the identity of the device that needs to be controlled is obtained along with the message to toggle it between the ON and OFF states. This message is sent across using visible light communication in a secure way as the data remains within the limits of the four walls. Hardware on the receiving end senses the blinking light source, and translates the blinks into a binary sequence thus obtaining the original message. Then the device performs the necessary action and updates the cloud after completion. This is further reflected on the android application of the user's phone. Attackers cannot break into this system easily, as the device identity and the light source is required to manipulate it.

Linguistic Analysis of Translating Food Product Labels from English to Arabic in Saudi Arabian Market

The current study examines the interpretations of eight English-Arabic labels for food products found in the Saudi market. The study of translations is examined with regard to the translation techniques utilized under Venuti's concepts of domestication and foreignization. Specifically, the study focuses on analyzing the common translation techniques employed for food product labels and aims to assess if these methods align with Venuti's favored approach of foreignization. Furthermore, it investigates whether these techniques have led to the original message being altered or not. This study conducts a quantitative analysis that compares various aspects. Calculations are conducted on the frequencies and percentages of techniques identified to obtain accurate statistical results. The findings reveal that foreignization is emphasized by the extensive use of literal translation, with transliteration, borrowing, and non-translation being comparatively less frequent in the translation of the studies' food product labels. Techniques under the domestication strategy include transposition as the most frequently used, followed by adaptation, and addition and omission are both used equally, with the least frequently used techniques falling under domestication. The study also determines that the effectiveness of techniques categorized as foreignization and domestication varies in the corpus analyzed.

Secured fog-based vehicular crowd-sensing protocol by Modified Attribute based Encryption Model

The contemporary fog computing paradigm evolved from traditional cloud computing to give storage and computation resources at the network’s edge. Fog enabled vehicular processing is anticipated to be a fundamental component that may expedite a variety of applications, notably crowd-sensing, when applied to vehicular networks. As a result, the confidentiality and safety of vehicles participating in the crowd-sensing platform are now recognized as critical challenges for smart police and cyber defence. Furthermore, sophisticated access control is essential to meet the requirements of crowd-sensing users of information. This work presents a novel secured fog-based protocol for vehicular crowd sensing utilizing an attribute-based encryption model. The proposed framework incorporates a two-layered fog architecture termed fog layer A and fog layer B. Fog layer A includes data owners (vehicles) and fog nodes, while fog layer B consists of fog nodes integrated with Road Side Units (RSUs). The Transport Triggered Architecture (TTA) governs the retrieval of regular or specialized data as per the request of data users. The data collection procedure varies based on the type of data being processed. Regular data is gathered from data owners, aggregated using the Multiple Kernel Induced in Kernel Least Mean Square (MKI-KLMS) technique, which employs kernel least mean square and hierarchical fractional bidirectional least mean square methods to handle redundancy in data aggregation. Subsequently, the aggregated data is encrypted using the Proposed Fusion Key for Encryption (PFKE) technique, which employs a fusion key for message encryption. Additionally, an enhanced Blowfish algorithm is applied for an extra layer of encryption on the already encrypted data. The encrypted data is then transmitted to the TTA. The decryption process utilizes the same key to retrieve the original message. The Modified Attribute based Encryption Model (MAEM) scheme achieves the highest efficiency of 90.9476.

Supply chain management with secured data transmission via improved DNA cryptosystem

Supply chain management (SCM) is most significant place of concentration in various corporate circumstances. SCM has both designed and monitored numerous tasks with the following phases such as allocation, creation, product sourcing, and warehousing. Based on this perspective, the privacy of data flow is more important among producers, suppliers, and customers to ensure the responsibility of the market. This work aims to develop a novel Improved Digital Navigator Assessment (DNA)-based Self Improved Pelican Optimization Algorithm (IDNA-based SIPOA model) for secured data transmission in SCM via blockchain. An improved DNA cryptosystem is done for the process of preservation for data. The original message is encrypted by Improved Advanced Encryption Standard (IAES). The optimal key generation is done by the proposed SIPOA algorithm. The efficiency of the adopted model has been analyzed with conventional methods with regard to security for secured data exchange in SCM. The proposed IDNA-based SIPOA obtained the lowest value for the 40% cypher text is 0.71, while the BWO is 0.79, DOA is 0.77, TWOA is 0.84, BOA is 0.83, POA is 0.86, SDSM is 0.88, DNASF is 0.82 and FSA-SLnO is 0.78, respectively.

Data Encryption and Decryption using Some Integral Transforms

Ever since the beginning of time, people have valued privacy and information security. Information security is becoming increasingly vital in our digital society. The authentication system's protection of hidden information is crucial. One of the most significant methods used to protect data and secure message transmission is cryptography. There are the two components for the encoding and decoding process which includes the algorithm and key. Cryptography is made more secured by utilising a key for both encryption and decryption. Introduction: In many circumstances, the sender wants to keep the message private from the public or from unauthorised users. Information is protected using encryption, and the original message is unlocked using decryption. Various Techniques are found in literature and further we extend the findings by combining the Elzaki and Aboodh transforms to encrypt the message and apply their inverse transforms to decrypt it with the ASCII values under modulo 255. Objectives: In this paper we focused on two stages of encryption and two stages of decryption under modulo 255. Methods: Using different transformation techniques, we have encrypted and decrypted the data. One is Laplace transform technique while the other is Aboodh-Elzaki transform technique. Results: The text message is converted to coded message by using both Laplace transform technique and Aboodh-Elzaki transforms technique. Conclusions: In the current paper, we present a novel method that encrypts data using Laplace transform and decrypts it using the private key, which is under modulo255. The two integral transforms are used to increase the message's level of security during decryption by selecting a new function and altering the other elements.

Data Encryption and Decryption using some Integral Transforms

Ever since the beginning of time, people have valued privacy and information security. Information security is becoming increasingly vital in our digital society. The authentication system's protection of hidden information is crucial. One of the most significant methods used to protect data and secure message transmission is cryptography. There are the two components for the encoding and decoding process which includes the algorithm and key. Cryptography is made more secured by utilising a key for both encryption and decryption. Introduction: In many circumstances, the sender wants to keep the message private from the public or from unauthorised users. Information is protected using encryption, and the original message is unlocked using decryption. Various Techniques are found in literature and further we extend the findings by combining the Elzaki and Aboodh transforms to encrypt the message and apply their inverse transforms to decrypt it with the ASCII values under modulo 255. Objectives: In this paper we focused on two stages of encryption and two stages of decryption under modulo 255. Methods: Using different transformation techniques, we have encrypted and decrypted the data. One is Laplace transform technique while the other is Aboodh-Elzaki transform technique. Results: The text message is converted to coded message by using both Laplace transform technique and Aboodh-Elzaki transforms technique. Conclusions: In the current paper, we present a novel method that encrypts data using Laplace transform and decrypts it using the private key, which is under modulo255. The two integral transforms are used to increase the message's level of security during decryption by selecting a new function and altering the other elements.

Egy botrányos példázat – a szőlőmunkások (Mt 20,1-16)

We always take risk when we analyse biblical texts in order to reach its original setting and message. But this endevoir can be fruitful, as the problems surrounding the tenant worker’s parable clearly demonstrates. The interpretations of the church – throughout her whole history – unfortunatelly covered the scandal in this piece of artwork, and the problem of unjust payment has been explained as „radical grace”, as the result of the first worker’s laziness, bad attitude or the diligence of the latecomers. These misinterpretations do not make justice to the text. No explanation can cast shadow on the visible moral dilemma. The grapeyard owner throught Mediterranian eyes does not deserve sympathy, his deed cannot be excused. We got used to look at this story from the viewpoint of the last hired laborers. We are thankful for such a grace – but the parable forces us to the role of the first workers, who legitimately protest against the disproportionate wage. Only through our indignation, dispise, annoyment can we arrive to the real understanding, accepting that we would never act like the owner, that according to our measures and ideals this act is a scandal. Only after this confession can we arrive to the last workers – and to the undeserved and disturbing grace.

Peculiarities of image formation in ceramics and artistic printing of Tatiana Vatavu

The creative options of Tatiana Vatavu were directed from the beginning – the last decade of the 20th century - and in the first decades of the new millennium, towards the determination and development of her own style, the elaboration of a thematic repertoire that encouraged her initiation and development of an innovative artistic discourse that enriched the art of ceramics and artistic printing in the Republic of Moldova with new aesthetic values. The thematic area reveals, on the one hand, tendencies to capitalize on important conceptual landmarks rooted in the artifacts of popular plastic creation, and on the other hand, it reflects the artist's aspirations directed towards the capitalization of ideas that would facilitate an ascending path in the diversification of the plastic language and its symbolism, and the promotion of its own creative identity. The ceramic works highlight relevant morphological and syntactic experiments, through which the combined form of the pieces promotes original aesthetic values and complex messages, while those in the field of artistic printing and drawing reflect the exceptional ability to operate with the plastic means in order to achieve the compositional integrity of the image and to highlight certain topical messages.

Impact éloquent des mots empruntés et arabisés dans la traduction: Analyse des emprunts lexicaux dans les œuvres d’Al-Ghazāli «Al-munqid Min Addalâl (Erreur et Délivrance)» et «Le livre des Bons Usages en Matière de Mariage»

Eloquent Impact of Borrowed and Arabicized Words in Translation: Analysis of loanwords in Al- Ghazāli’s work «'Al-munqid min addalâl (Erreur et Délivrance)» and «Le livre des Bons Usages en Matière de Mariage» The Arabisation of words is a common practice in Arabic translation. It involves borrowing words from other languages and adjusting their phonetics to fit Arabic phonology. Sometimes, these words undergo semantic adaptations to fit into specific contexts, enriching the Arabic lexicon with essential terms. Such linguistic borrowings have seamlessly integrated into Arabic over time, serving both specialised and everyday functions. In the French translation of two works by Al-Ghazāli, "Al-munqid Min Addalâl (The Deliverance from Error)" and "Le livre des Bons Usages en Matière de Mariage (The Book of Good Practices in Marriage)," it is noteworthy that several Arabised words have been retained without translation. Instead, they are presented alongside their equivalents or with explanatory notes. The translator’decision to preserve these Arabised words by the translator reflects a desire to convey the original author's specific messages. It underlines a commitment to maintain the semantic depth of the original texts while honoring the cultural and linguistic richness of Arabic. These words imbue the analysed texts with profound meaning, adding a semantic dimension that enhances the works in both Arabic and French. This approach caters to a French readership interested in exploring the nuances of Al-Ghazāli's works, ensuring the integrity of his writings is preserved. It guarantees an authentic and comprehensive reading experience that captures the richness and subtleties of the original texts.