Original Edition Research Articles

Рец. на кн.: Сергей Кан. Лев Штернберг: этнолог, народник, борец за права евреев / Пер. с англ. А. Глебовской. СПб.; Бостон: Библиороссика; Academic Studies Press, 2023. 694 с. (Современная иудаика)

This book written by Sergei Kan is dedicated to Lev Shternberg (1961–1927), who was a major Russian ethnographer and public figure, one of the founders of the so-called Leningrad school. The Russian translation of the book is reviewed. The large-scale study, rich in archival sources from all possible collections (American Philosophical Society, American Museum of Natural History, the Kunstkammer, RAS Archives, etc.), has been written in the best traditions of the prominent historian George Stocking’s approach. The reviewer notes several undoubted merits of Kan’s work. The main one is an attempt to place the Russian scholar’s research in the context of the Western anthropology of his time. One of the most profound ideas of the book concerns the assessment of Morgan’s influence on Sternberg’s work, and, in a broader perspective, on the development of the social sciences in Russia and the USSR, where, according to the author, social evolutionism played a much more progressive role than in Europe or the USA. That theory served rather to confirm the necessity of social reform, and neither then nor later was it associated with the reaction in the natural sciences, Eurocentrism, and white racism that Boas saw in it. At the same time, the edition under review contains a few inaccuracies and factual errors, some of which were already present in the original edition, while others have arisen due to a not entirely accurate translation.

Separated at birth: Rediscovering the lost emotions in Luria's Working Brain

Aleksandr Luria repeatedly emphasised the importance of emotions and the right hemisphere in his neuropsychological writings. It is surprising, therefore, that Luria's most influential book, The Working Brain, appears to lack an explicit section on these topics. This is especially notable because of a comment in the book's English-language Introduction, by Karl Pribram, referencing Luria's thoughts about precisely this material. Remarkably, it seems that Luria did write such an explicit chapter, in the original Russian edition. However, in the English-language version, the relevant sections were separated, embedded elsewhere without chapter headings, and altered, presumably following an explicit translation decision. The present paper tracks the nature of these changes and, 50 years later, presents the material for the first time translated and reunited in English, as Luria intended. After the translation, we offer a brief commentary, on the ways in which Luria's ideas were in some respects prescient, and in other respects less well-informed about the brain basis of emotions and the right hemisphere. This reunification offers an interesting time capsule on the opinions of one of neuropsychology's greatest minds, on a topic which Luria admits had, at the time, only a modest empirical foundation.

The Most Perfect Book in the World

Abstract As initially published by Aleister Crowley (1875–1947) in 1909, his book 777 contained tables of correspondences between the Tarot, qabalistic Tree of Life, divine pantheons and other aspects of Western esotericism. Unsatisfied with the original edition, in 1925 he commissioned artist Oskar Hopfer (1892–1966) to produce diagrams to illustrate the correspondences contained in the tables. Unfortunately, no publisher was found to issue the revised work, and the project went unfulfilled. Hopfer’s original work for Crowley is no longer extant. His designs were considered lost until the recent discovery of set of the diagrams in a German museum. This discovery has shed light on Crowley’s plans for the revised edition of 777, his attempts to publish the work, and his belief in the power of the visual arts to communicate complex esoteric principles.

The original edition of the Life of St Peter, Metropolitan of Kiev and All Russia, as a historical source

The original edition of the Life of St Peter, Metropolitan of Kiev and All Russia, as a historical source

Amazonian useful plants described in the book “Le Pays des Amazones” (1885) of the Brazilian propagandist Baron de Santa-Anna Nery: a historical and ethnobotanical perspective

BackgroundFrederico José de Santa-Anna Nery (1848–1901) was a Brazilian Baron who referred to himself as a "volunteer propagandist" for Brazil in Europe, serving as an immigration agent to publicize the living conditions in the Amazon region, advocating for its development and modernization at the end of the nineteenth century. Santa-Anna Nery’s most famous book is "Le Pays des Amazones" (The Lands of the Amazons), first published in 1885, which the author dedicated a chapter to introduce and report on the Amazonian useful plant species and its relationship with humans. The aim of this work is to understand the historical context and ethnobotanical value of the plant species in the Brazilian Amazon at the end of the nineteenth century through an analysis of the book “Le Pays des Amazones” (1885) by Baron de Santa-Anna Nery, as well as to bring to light the historical importance of this very influential propagandist, who has been forgotten nowadays.MethodsThe original book “Le Pays des Amazones” (1885), as well as the original 3rd edition and its translated version into Portuguese, was carefully analyzed and all information about plants was systematized, with botanical names being updated. Finally, using the scientific name of medicinal plants alone or in combination with their traditional use, a search was carried out in databases in order to indicate current pharmacological studies that provide evidence about the described traditional uses.ResultsA total of 156 plant species were identified in the book, although 132 species had their scientific names updated. These species belong to 45 different families, with Fabaceae and Arecaceae the most represented, and 109 plants are Brazilian native. Considering only the 36 medicinal plants, the main medicinal indications reported were astringent, purgative/laxative, stimulant and tonic, vermifuge, febrifuge, sudorific, emetic, diuretic and antidysenteric. Regarding other useful plants (non-medicinal), 97 species were cited for food, constructions and buildings, spices and condiments, ornaments and objects, carpentry, textile fibers, gums, oils, balms and essences, pigments and tanning, hunting and fishing.ConclusionsWhen the book “Le Pays des Amazones” is analyzed from a timeless perspective, with a particular focus on historical ethnobotany, it is possible to observe the economic, social, and political importance of many useful plants for the Amazon at the end of the nineteenth century and how the relationship between local people, indigenous communities, and immigrants was established with plant biodiversity.

Gender authorship in major American and European gastroenterology journals: the gap is still unfilled.

The gender gap in the authorship of scientific research may affect career advancement. Our aim was to assess the potential gender gap in gastrointestinal (GI) journals. A systematic review was performed of the GI literature and ongoing research in the period 2020-2022. A total 10 GI journals and ongoing research on clinicaltrials.gov were selected for review. The gender gap in first and senior authorship was evaluated for each article and ongoing research project. Associations between the gender gap and possible predictors were measured and results are presented as odds ratios (ORs) with 95%CI. The number of first female authors (FFAs) and senior female authors (SFAs) in published articles were 1408/4207 (33.5%) and 911/4207 (21.7%), respectively. There were 781/2654 (29.4%) female principal investigators (PI)s for the ongoing research. On comparison of non-endoscopic vs. endoscopic topics, the latter were associated with the gender gap (hepatology, OR 2.15 [95%CI 1.83-2.55]; inflammatory bowel disease, OR 2.12 [95%CI 1.60-2.45]; upper and lower GI, OR 1.31 [95%CI 1.18-1.73]); as well as the type of article (original article vs. editorial, OR 1.92 [95%CI 1.58-2.33]). The type of research was also associated with the gender gap (clinical vs. preclinical studies, OR 0.88 [95%CI 0.66-0.91]). Our results demonstrated a correlation between the gender gap and the design and topic of the research. Future strategies for improving equity in career development in GI endoscopy should focus on closing the gender gap in equity of authorship.

Validation of the Machine Learning-Based Stroke Impact Scale With a Cross-Cultural Sample.

The machine learning-based Stroke Impact Scale (ML-SIS) is an efficient short-form measure that uses 28 items to provide domain scores comparable to those of the original 59-item Stroke Impact Scale-Third Edition (SIS 3.0). However, its utility is largely unknown because it has not been cross-validated with an independent sample. To examine the ML-SIS's comparability and test-retest reliability with that of the original SIS 3.0 in an independent sample of people with stroke. Comparability was examined with the coefficient of determination (R2), mean absolute error, and root-mean-square error (RMSE). Test-retest reliability was examined using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Five hospitals in Taiwan. Data of 263 persons with stroke were extracted from a previous study; 144 completed repeated assessments after a 2-wk interval. High R2 (.87-.95) and low mean absolute error or RMSE (about 2.4 and 3.3) of the domain scores, except for the Emotion scores (R2 = .08), supported the comparability of the two measures. Similar ICC values (.39-.87 vs. .46-.87) were found between the two measures, suggesting that the ML-SIS is as reliable as the SIS 3.0. The ML-SIS provides scores mostly identical to those of the original measure, with similar test-retest reliability, except for the Emotion domain. Thus, it is a promising alternative that can be used to lessen the burden of routine assessments and provide scores comparable to those of the original SIS 3.0. Plain-Language Summary: The machine learning-based Stroke Impact Scale (ML-SIS) is as reliable as the original Stroke Impact Scale-Third Edition, except for the Emotion domain. Thus, the ML-SIS can be used to improve the efficiency of clinical assessments and also relieve the burden on people with stroke who are completing the assessments.

‘To be or not to be’: a hit or a miss for Shakespeare’s early readers? (1603‒1800)

This essay focuses on the early reception of Hamlet’s ‘To be or not to be’ speech. Its first section looks at the print configuration of the play’s original editions. The article then moves on to examine the passage’s early reception by its readers until the Restoration. It also offers a succinct exploration of the critical debates around Hamlet’s now famous speech in a third section. The last two sections continue to survey readers’ reactions and appropriations of the speech, this time from a later era (c. 1700 to 1800). The article’s findings are that even the most appreciative and learned readers never openly embraced the speech fully. However, on early stages, the speech acquired an aura: theatre managers, or directors sought through it to stir genuine emotions in their audiences – sentiments that readers could probably not wrestle with when engaged in the private study of the passage.

Parallelizing Bible texts: Developing the database of the Unified Bible Reader online application

The Unified Bible Reader (UBR), developed by the Károli Gáspár University of the Reformed Church in Hungary, aims to facilitate the parallel reading of various Bible versions, including original language editions and antique as well as modern translations. This paper outlines the creation of a parallelized database of Bible texts through a four-step process: digitization, data cleaning, integration, and parallelization. The paper discusses the inherent challenges of the digitization phase which involves the conversion of non-digital texts to digital format, primarily using optical character recognition (OCR) technology. Data cleaning focuses on correcting OCR errors and resolving format inconsistencies. Integration, that is, importing text into a unified database, addresses issues with rare cases of text division. Parallelization involves aligning textual units across different versions, accounting for variations in verse numbering and verse boundaries. The development of software tools enabled semi-automatic and manual alignment. The application may serve as a basis for more refined text splitting and the addition of annotations to support advanced textual analysis and translation comparisons. The UBR project marks a significant step towards comprehensive, accessible parallel Bible reading and analysis.

Unveiling the First French Translation of Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations

The first French translation of Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations was published in 1778-1779 with a false place of printing and an anonymous translator. This article identifies the printing shop as the French ducal press of Deux-Ponts (nowadays Zweibrüken in Germany). The article also identifies the translator, Jean-Louis Carra, better known for his activity during the French Revolution. The article draws on a wide range of evidence, including ornaments used by the printer, the record of a customs confiscation, a very early French review (hitherto unknown) of the original English edition of Smith’s book, aspects of Carra's life and involvement with the Deux-Ponts press, and a peculiarity of the text of his translation.

И. С. Тургенев – читатель поэмы Овидия «Метаморфозы»

This paper is the first attempt to address the problem of the perception of the Ovid’s creative work by Ivan Turgenev. The analysis and interpretation covers the reader’s notes left by the Russian writer on the pages of the original edition of the poem Metamorphoses from his personal library. The largest number of notes is found in the first book, which is the starting point of the entire poem presenting the formation of the world. In the epic picture of overcoming the chaos and the emergence of the cosmos, it is man who is of exclusive interest to Turgenev. Ovid explores man and his existence in constant movement and transition. This issue becomes more tangible when intertwined with the themes of love and nature. Turgenev directs his attention to the portrayals of Daphne being chased by Phoebus and Syringa burdened by Pan’s affection. It is the problem of the defining greatness of the gods and the metamorphosis of man taken as punishment that Turgenev emphasizes in the sixth book. He dwells on the episode of the contest between Pallas and Arachne. The theme of man’s punishment for a crime specifically captured Turgenev’s interest through the example of individual stories in the second and eighth books. Of particular interest to Turgenev was nature. He considered its intricate relationship with the realm of emotions and personal experiences rather than focused only on its landscape form. The subject of nature, as depicted in Orpheus’ singing, is also of interest to Turgenev.

К истории русско-южнославянских книжных связей XII–XIII вв. (О времени и обстоятельствах появления жития Иоанна Рыльского в редакции Георгия Скилицы в русской книжности)

The article discusses the question of the time of the appearance in Russian literature of the oldest (translated) life of John of Rylsky, written originally in Greek by the hagiographer and hymnographer George Skilica. For a long time in the Russian research literature, this fact was considered in a wide chronological range from the beginning to the last quarter of the 15th century, and the author of the article shared it earlier. However, at present there is every reason to say that the transition of the text from the Balkans to ancient Russian literature is associated with the flight to Carpathian Galich of the heir to the Bulgarian throne John Asen II (upon his return to his homeland he ruled in 1218–1241) and thus reflects the Russian–South Slavic cultural ties of the pre-Mongol period. At first glance, the old point of view looks more logical and justified, since the monument is not known in Russian lists earlier than the last quarter of the 15th century. However, this validity looks like this only at first glance. The named life does not fit into the situation at all, either in relation to the classical period of the “second South Slavic influence” of the end of the 14th – first third of the 15th century, or by the end of the 15th – first quarter of the 16th century – the time of the creation of the original edition of the Russian Chronograph, one of the sources of which were the South Slavic lives. In the first case, only brief lives of Bulgarian and Serbian saints as part of a Verse Prologue got to Russia, in the second only texts created by Patriarch Euthymius Tarnovsky and his disciples and followers, and the source for the Chronograph was a short written life of John, and not at all the work of Skilica. Thus, the text to which the article is devoted refers specifically to the monuments of Russian-South Slavic relations of the 12th–13th centuries. and it belongs, along with the Serbian Helmsman, to the number of South Slavic writings and translations that came to Russia from the Balkans at that time (for the named period, as is known, the movement of monuments in the opposite direction is much more characteristic).

Работы П. Г. Чеснокова 1903 и 1912 годов о церковных хорах и регентской деятельности

The article reveals the main ideas of the early works of the outstanding composer and choir director Pavel Chesnokov on church choirs and practice of the choir directors, which he himself considered the forerunners of his main work in the field of choral science, the book “The Choir and How to Direct It”. The publication of this work in 2023 in its original edition, created for the choir directors, made it possible to trace the evolution of Chesnokov's views on the organization of choral work. The works “Thoughts on the Affairs of an Amateur Choir” (1903) and “Notes of the Choir Director” (1912), whose autographs are stored in the Russian National Museum of Music, have never been published before. They are of great interest as documents depicting not only the process of creating a book, but also, in general, revealing the diverse context of the choir director's practice at the beginning of the 20th century. The article reveals cross-cutting themes that are present to some extent in all of Chesnokov's works, some “parallel places” in the texts are presented. In the work “Thoughts on the affairs of an amateur choir” P. G. Chesnokov defines the principles of organizing the choir, the goals and objectives of the forthcoming work: the need for theoretical studies, the development of a new modern repertoire of church singing, primarily the works of the Moscow Synodal School. In early works, three main qualities of choral sonority have already been formulated: ensemble, structure and nuances, but there is no detailing of working methods. Acquaintance with the early works makes it possible to realize what huge steps Chesnokov took in developing and deepening the problems of choral studies during the preparation of the book “The Choir and How to Direct It”.

Stahl in France: an unknown Latin translation of the Zufällige Gedancken und nützliche Bedencken über den Streit, von dem so genannten Sulfure (1718) owned by Étienne-François Geoffroy, Jean Hellot and Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier

ABSTRACT This essay focuses on an unknown Latin translation of Georg Ernst Stahl's treatise on the nature of sulfur (Zufällige Gedancken und Nützliche Bedencken über den Streit von dem so genannten Sulfure). The original edition, published in 1718, laid the foundation for the phlogiston theory, which dominated European chemistry until the early 1770s. However, the dissemination of the treatise on sulfur outside the German states remained limited. Its Latin translation proposes a different scenario as it was owned by three prominent French chemists: Étienne-François Geoffroy, Jean Hellot and Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier. Geoffroy's early interest in Stahl's chemistry has been evidenced and it is suggested that the acquisition of the manuscript might be linked to his connection with Stahl through Caspar Neumann, a chemist from Berlin. When he entered in the possession of the manuscript Jean Hellot wrote a long excerpt of Stahl’s work. Lavoisier acquired the manuscript in 1766, and his critical reading of Stahl's work significantly influenced his own effort to outline a new theory of combustion. This manuscript represents a significant historical connection between Stahl’s phlogiston theory and Lavoisier's revolutionary ideas.

Hadis dan Media Sosial sebagai Alat Da’wah di Instagram: Study Ilmu Hadis

Social media that requires a network makes a new life for its users in the current millennial era. The purpose of this study is to see the study of hadith in social media used as a tool of da'wah in Islam, the research methodology uses descriptive analysis. The study of hadith in Instagram as a social media is used as a connector for Islamic da'wah. The results in this study are divided into three categories. First, the delivery of the hadith only includes a translation without showing the original editorial which is claimed to be from the prophet, after examining the accounts of Islamic studies, there are actually many hadiths that are not in accordance with the history and make false hadiths. Second, conveying the hadith by including the source of the hadith but leading to other sources so that the true meaning of the hadith as da'wah is used for worldly purposes. Third, conveying hadith in social media purely because of Allah and setting the hadith of the prophet in its place so that the truth of da'wah is conveyed to people who see it in the media. Therefore in taking news in the media must be careful to see the truth.

Auditivierung des textkritischen Apparats

Abstract Since their emergence in the 19th century, the aim of critical editions has not only been to publish philologically reliable texts, but also to make the decisions on the basis of the editorial process as transparent as possible. In the specific case of the music edition, however, the formulation of editorial decisions in a critical apparatus is complicated by the semiotic discrepancy between the sign system of musical text and its verbalised annotation in the fundamentally different sign system of linguistic text. This unbridgeable medial gap between the musical text and its verbal account caused the original editorial object to be split apart within printed editions of the 20th century: between the edited text and the critical report on the one hand, and again between practical editions for the general public and scholarly editions for the small circle of qualified musicologists on the other hand. Using the Digital Mozart Edition as an example, this article shows how a digital format can, through its audio-visual multimedia, both create spaces for the integration of the critical apparatus into the edited text and enable a ‘deverbalization’ of the critical vocabulary that conveys the documentation of editorial decisions in musical form more intuitively and more precisely. The digital medium makes it possible for critical editions of music to come closer to the ideal of an open edition in the sense of an ‘edition of the edition’, in which not only the text itself, but also the editorial process that led to this text is, in turn, edited and made immediately accessible to the user.

Henry Purcell: Dido and Aeneas Bruce Wood

Bruce Wood’s edition of Purcell’s Dido and Aeneas, published as volume 3 in The Works of Henry Purcell, replaces the earlier Purcell Society edition of Margaret Laurie (London, 1979), which itself replaced the original edition by W. H. Cummings (London, 1889). Wood’s edition is the first to appear since my own, with Edward J. Dent, for Oxford University Press and Eulenberg (London and Mainz, 1987). The timing seems to be propitious: Robert Shay’s new edition of the opera was recently released by Bärenreiter (2023). The past thirty-five years have witnessed significant alterations in terms of what is known (and unknown) about Dido. New evidence has come to the fore, and, in addition, a series of articles from 1992 by Wood and Andrew Pinnock, often as co-authors, reinterpreted many of the issues raised by Dido, prompting significant responses from multiple authors. My book, Henry Purcell’s Dido and Aeneas (2nd edn., Oxford, 2018; henceforth Harris, 2018), reviews the wide-ranging research and analysis on Dido since 1987. In general, however, the source situation remains unchanged. The earliest Dido scores date from the 1770s, nearly a century after the opera was first performed, and the original state of the work cannot be determined with absolute assurance.

Corrigendum to: Editorial: Anticancer Platinum Complexes - State of the Art and Future Prospects.

An Editorial was published in the journal "Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry", Volume 7, No. 01, 2007, pp: 1-2 [1]. The guest editor is requesting an alteration in the name. Details of a correction are provided here. The original name published was Markus Galanski. The request is to change the name to Mathea Sophia Galanski. The original editorial can be found online at: https://www.eurekaselect.com/article/3355.

Global leadership in paediatric and congenital cardiac care: education and empowerment to improve outcomes in low- and middle-income countries - an interview with Krishna Kumar, MD, DM FAHA.

Dr Krishna Kumar is the focus of our sixth in a series of interviews in Cardiology in the Young entitled, "Global Leadership in Paediatric and Congenital Cardiac Care." Dr Kumar was born in Raurkela, India. He attended medical school at Maulana Azad Medical College in New Delhi, graduating in 1984. Dr Kumar then went on to complete internal medicine, emergency medicine, and adult cardiology training at All India Institute of Medical Sciences in 1988, 1989, and 1990, respectively. He then pursued paediatric cardiology training at Harvard Medical School in Boston, MA, USA. Dr Kumar began his clinical position as a paediatric cardiologist at Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences in Kochi, Kerala, India.During his impressive career, Dr Kumar has made significant contributions to educational advancement, research and innovation, public health advocacy, and clinical care. Dr Kumar is credited for distinguishing paediatric cardiology as a distinct subspecialty in India. He was a founding member of the Pediatric Cardiology Society of India and the original editor of the society's academic journal. Recognising the deficit of paediatric cardiology-trained physicians in low- and middle-income countries, Dr Kumar helped establish formal structured training programmes for paediatric cardiology in India. More recently, he established the Children's HeartLink Fellowships in paediatric cardiac sciences at Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences in Kochi and Institut Jantung Negara in Malaysia. Through educational programmes, Dr Kumar has taught countless caregivers and paediatricians, in India and neighbouring countries, the early identification and management of children with CHD. Dr Kumar has established a premier paediatric heart programme at Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences. As department Chief, he emphasises the importance of teamwork, advocacy, and continuous quality improvement. He has developed numerous low-cost strategies for the management of CHD. He has established large community-based studies on rheumatic heart disease and CHD in South India. Dr Kumar's focus on advocacy and policy change in India has made a substantial impact on early identification and treatment of CHD in the subcontinent. He has made a global impact on the care of paediatric cardiology patients through his educational programmes, research and innovation, large-scale research registries, and advocacy for public health policy changes. He is an incredibly humble and generous leader, and his patients and community are the source of his unending motivation.

THE HISTORY OF ULŪS JŪJĪ KHĀN IN THE MUNTAKHAB AL-TAVĀRĪKH-I MU‘ĪNĪ

Abstract. It is known that some issues in the history of Ulūs Jūjī Khān of the 13th – 15th centuries remain debatable. The Muntakhab al-Tavārīkh-i Mu‘īn is well known to the scholars of Kazakhstan, as it has become the source of ongoing discussion regarding the lineage of Urūs Khān, the founder of the dynasty of Kazakh Khāns. The work of Mavlana Mu‛in al-Din Natanzī contains numerous information about the structure of the ulūses, and the structure of the Turkic and Mongolian troops. In this work, the author provides original information on the use of Mongolian and Turkic terms. However, until now, much valuable information from the source has not been put into academic discourse and has not been involved in scientific research on the history of the Golden Horde.
 The work Muntakhab al-Tavārīkh-i Mu‘īnī has been preserved in two original editions. The first edition was devoted to Iskandar b. ‛Umar Shaykh (786-818/1384-1415), the grandson of Amīr Tīmūr. Subsequently, this edition became known as the Anonymous Iskander. The second edition of the work is known as the Muntakhab al-Tavārīkh-i Mu‘īnī.
 The principle of historicism and source study methods of historical research were used in this article, with scientific and theoretical approaches developed by domestic and foreign orientalists to study oriental manuscript sources. In particular, the methods of critical selection and systematization.
 In the process of researching handwritten historical works, the content analysis method was used. By means of horizontal and vertical cross-references, a comparatively critical analysis of historical texts containing information on the history of the Golden Horde, revealed from the Muntakhab al-Tavārīkh-i Mu‘īnī and other primary sources, was carried out. First of all, two editions of the work Muntakhab al-Tavārīkh-i Mu‘īnī were subjected to source study. In the course of comparative analysis, changes introduced by Mu‛īn al-Dīn Natanzī in the second edition of his work were revealed and analyzed.