Original Program Research Articles

CAPABLE ADAPTATIONS: MEETING THE NEEDS OF OLDER ADULTS ACROSS DIVERSE CONTEXTS TO SUPPORT FUNCTION

Abstract CAPABLE is a time-limited, person-directed, home-based program that addresses and seeks to improve the function of individuals living with disability. This effective program integrates the services of an occupational therapist, a registered nurse, and a handy worker who, in collaboration with an older adult, sets goals and creates action plans. In multiple trials nationwide, it has improved daily function and reduced disability for participants while saving health care costs. It is now being implemented in 23 States at 45 sites nationwide. Building upon the success of the original CAPABLE program, our symposium will present descriptions and findings from innovative adaptions of CAPABLE to 1) improve the health, independence, and safety of care partners, 2) promote social connection in individuals who have constrained life space or are homebound, 3) address the needs of older adults awaiting kidney transplants, and 4) improve the quality of life for older adults experiencing cognitive impairments. Presenters will provide insight into lessons learned from each CAPABLE adaptation, including perspectives on leveraging opportunities and utilizing synergy to address socio-behavioral and functional needs across these diverse contexts and populations.

Les monuments inachevés de l’époque romaine au Liban. Une approche analytique du phénomène

During the Roman era, Lebanon experienced significant economic and urban growth. Thus, the Lebanese territory was marked by the development of dozens of largescale architectural projects. This evolution took two main aspects: on the one hand, several already existing buildings underwent an ‘upgrade’ in order to conform them to the newly introduced ‘canonical’ Roman models. On the other hand, several new projects emerged both in coastal towns and in rural areas. However, many, if not most, of these monuments remained unfinished. These unfinished states vary between the cancellation of large parts of the original construction program and the incompleteness of decorative details such as the entablatures of several others. Thus, through this article, we will discuss several examples showing the various aspects and levels of incompleteness of these monuments as well as the potential hypotheses linked to this phenomenon which seems to have become widespread during this period.

BSP: Branch Splitting for Unsolvable Path Hybrid Fuzzing

Hybrid fuzzing leverages the result of the concolic executor for a direct exploration of fuzzing, which has been proven to improve coverage during tests significantly.However, some constraints, such as those related to environments or depending on the host’s status, cannot be solved. Despite many performance optimizations on hybrid fuzzing, we observe that repeatedly constraint solving on unsolvable branches causes significant computational redundancies. This paper focuses on eliminating the unsolvable branches in concolic execution. We propose Branch Splitting for Unsolvable Path Hybrid Fuzzing (BSP), which splits unsolvable branches to achieve higher fuzzing coverage. BSP modifies the target program during concolic execution so that the fuzzer can easily cover initially unsolvable branches. Specifically, it changes the condition of unsolvable branches to constant True (or False), which generates multiple variants of the original program. Then, the fuzzer tests these variants instead. This allows BSP to explore more branches with high performance. The experimental results on real-world programs demonstrate that BSP can explore 46.68% more branches than QSYM.

Fixing crisis, transforming landscapes: Social, spatial, ecological, and racial fixes in New Deal South Carolina

This article examines the spatial, social, ecological, and racial fixes of the Santee-Cooper Project, a New Deal hydroelectric project constructed between 1938 and 1942 that inundated the homes of 901 Black, Indigenous, and poor White families in central South Carolina. Drawing upon Ruth Wilson Gilmore’s concept of crisis, and Clyde Woods and David Harvey’s notion of the (socio-)spatial fix, the research underscores how the New Deal attempted to address economic, political, and racial crises by implementing a series of fixes aimed at stabilizing economic markets while reshaping ecological and racial landscapes. This article reveals how the New Deal reconfigured Black geographies and ecologies, displacing communities and ecosystems in the name of progress. By scrutinizing local administrative practices and broader regional consequences, the article highlights the far-reaching impacts of state-initiated development amid crises of racial capitalism. The analysis concludes with an attention to the Green New Deal, pushing back against the fixity inherent in the original public works program, and advocating for a nuanced approach to repair in the face of environmental crises. By reassessing the historical significance of the New Deal and the missteps made in the face of early 20th-century crises, this research informs debates on socio-environmental justice and equitable development, offering guidance for navigating crises in the modern era.

Assessing climate-driven glacial retreat, snow-cover reduction and GLOF risks: implications for water resource management amid rising global temperatures and CO2

Context The consequences of climate change, including alterations in snow and glacier patterns and rising temperatures, pose a risk of glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs), which can have cross-border impacts, leading to the loss of life and property downstream. Aims This research focused on the assessment of changes in snow cover within Chitral district imposed by temperature increase. Methods ArcGIS and Origin programs were used in this research to study the glacier pattern of Chitral. Results Therer was a significant increase of 266.7% in urban development and an expansion of 135.9 km2 in agricultural areas within this remote mountainous region. The findings of the study show that in the year 2000, >51.6% of Chitral district’s total land was covered by snow during early winter. However, this coverage drastically declined to ~6.8% by 2008. Across the initial two 4-year periods, ~44.7% (5694.6 km2) of the glaciated area transitioned to barren rock, whereas the overall reduction in snow-covered areas accounted for ~43.3% (5514.6 km2). Conclusion Owing to the increasing stress on freshwater resources, it is essential to conduct thorough analyses and monitoring of snow patterns to ensure sustainable freshwater availability and effective environmental risk management. Implications This study emphasises the critical consequences of climate-driven glacial retreat, waning snow cover and increased risks of glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) for the management of water resources with the rise in global CO2 and temperatures levels. These changes threaten the timing and availability of water supply, with impacts on agriculture, ecosystem and hydropower. Effective adaptation measures and sustainable management practices are crucial to alleviate these risks and ensure water security in a warming world.

Nature of Users’ Persuasion and Exploration in Interactive Storytelling Video Games in the Netflix Games Library

As trailblazer in streaming entertainment, Netflix has redefined how people consume media, captivating audiences with its original programming. Despite this, the streaming giant could not translate similar success with its video game offering. This paper is an outcome of a unique experimental study which examines the built-in features of interactive storytelling games and their effect on induced persuasion and exploration among game players. This research involves eighty- eight players playing two popular games from the Netflix library. It tests the effects of artificial intelligence, feature interactivity, device responsiveness and personalization features of the game on induced persuasion and exploration among gamers. Using Bayesian regression and correlation, the results help to deduce that while built-in features can effectively persuade players, they fall short in encouraging deeper exploration within the game’s narrative. It also illustrates the growing significance of artificial intelligence in human computer interaction. The study also highlights the critical role of storytelling for the gaming business and its significance in developing new visual culture.

Deep imperative mutations have less impact

Information theory and entropy loss predict deeper more hierarchical software will be more robust. Suggesting silent errors and equivalent mutations will be more common in deeper code, highly structured code will be hard to test, so explaining best practise preference for unit testing of small methods rather than system wide analysis. Using the genetic improvement (GI) tool MAGPIE, we measure the impact of source code mutations and how this varies with execution depth in two diverse multi-level nested software. gem5 is a million line single threaded state-of-the-art C++ discrete time VLSI circuit simulator, whilst PARSEC VIPS is a non-deterministic parallel computing multi-threaded image processing benchmark written in C. More than 28–53% of mutants compile and generate identical results to the original program. We observe 12% and 16% Failed Disruption Propagation (FDP). Excluding internal errors, exceptions and asserts, here most faults below about 30 nested function levels which are Executed and Infect data or divert control flow are not Propagated to the output, i.e. these deep PIE changes have no visible external effect. Suggesting automatic software engineering on highly structured code will be hard.

Quality Assurance of a "Booster Program" for Gender Equity in the Academia: From Vision to Practice

Even as the 21st century unfolds, it is well recognized that women in the academic world struggle more to secure research funding and are still largely underrepresented at the level of full professorship, the highest post possible within universities and colleges. To rectify this gender-based inequality, a mid-sized academic college initiated an original program named "Booster" aiming for it to provide the optimal framework for creating a nurturing space for the promotion of prominent female faculty members, mainly to the high rank of "professor." The aim of this research was to find whether the booster plan has fulfilled its rectifying objectives according to the quality assurance model of the Plan - Do - Check - Action (PDCA) cycle. As a research method, an evaluation study was selected to examine the operation of the program, mainly from the perspective of the participants. The evaluation of the program was combined with both quantitative and qualitative assessments. The main finding indicated that the participants in the program had reported a high-level satisfaction. It was also found that the vast majority of the participants mentioned their understanding of promotion procedures as the most important tool they acquired in the program. The main importance of this study is in adding knowledge about ways to identify the "blind spots" and weaknesses of academia that shape the unjust "leaky pipeline" structure in gender contexts, from the stage in which women enter academia, through their tenure- ship track as faculty, to the processes of promotion up the ranks.

Анализ ответа клеток микроглии мыши линии SIM-A9 на действие γ-излучения

Purpose: Characterization of the response of mouse microglia cells of the SIM-A9 line to the γ-irradiation. Material and methods: Irradiation of the cells in suspension was carried out using a GUT-200M installation (cobalt-60 γ-radiation source). The radiosensitivity of cells was assessed by the number of surviving cells and their clonogenic activity. The effect of γ-radiation on the phenotype and expression of colony-stimulating growth factor receptor-1 and of epidermal growth factor, which are required to stimulate microglial cells proliferation, was studied using flow cytometry after staining the cells with appropriate fluorescently labeled CD11b, CD45, TMEM119, CSF-1R и EGFR antibodies. Analysis of the relative expression of mRNA genes for the cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα in response to γ-radiation was performed using RT-PCR. Statistical analysis was carried out using Student’s t-test in the Origin program. Results: High radiosensitivity of SIM-A9 cells has been demonstrated. When analyzing the dependence of the clonogenic activity of cells on the radiation dose, it was shown that the D37 value for these cells was equal to 1 Gy. Irradiation caused a cell cycle block in the G0/G1 phase with a decrease in the proportion of cells in the S– and G2/M-phases. The cell death of irradiated SIM-A9 cells occurred by apoptosis. The peculiarity of SIM-A9 cells compared to brain microglia is their phenotype of activated microglia CD11b+/CD45high with an insignificant content of CD11b+/CD45-/low cells and no change in it after irradiation. An increase in the level of mRNA expression of the proinflammatory cytokine genes IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα in response to γ-irradiation of SIM-A9 cells was shown, which reflects their activation and corresponds to the response of brain microglia cells during total mice irradiation and local cranial irradiation. Conclusion: The obtained patterns indicate the possibility of using the SIM-A cell line in model radiobiological studies, including the study of intercellular interactions of brain cells of different types with microglia cells.

Gene flow stimulates recovery of reproductive fitness in a captive bred insect

Abstract Captive breeding can be a useful tool for the management of threatened species, but such programs often begin with a bottleneck which may lower reproductive fitness by increasing inbreeding and allowing deleterious alleles to increase in frequency by reducing effective population size. Dryococelus australis, the Lord Howe Island stick insect, is a critically endangered insect that has been bred at the Melbourne Zoo in Melbourne, Australia, since shortly after the species was rediscovered in 2001. We analysed a long‐term dataset of phenotypic measurements from this captive breeding program to determine whether reproductive fitness has declined in captivity. We found a clear signal of decline in direct (egg hatching success) and indirect (egg and nymph size) fitness indicators over time. We compared a captive line descended from the original program founders to a new hybrid line that has recent wild ancestry. The hybrid line showed an immediate improvement in egg hatch rate, suggesting the potential for genetic rescue. Egg and nymph size did not show as dramatic a change, although this line had only existed for just over a single generation at the time of data collection. These results argue strongly for the regular sourcing of new genetic material from the wild D. australis population to counteract fitness declines in captivity. Aside from benefiting the captive population, this would also improve the prospects of establishing new wild populations in the future, using individuals sourced from captivity.

Effects of Intimate Partner Violence Prevention Programming on Social Support, Coparenting, and Parenting Among Teen Parents: A Pilot Study

Understanding mechanisms and secondary outcomes of intimate partner violence (IPV) prevention programs for teen parents can help to improve relationships. This study used data from a randomized pilot trial of the Safe Dates for Teen Mothers IPV prevention program compared to the original Safe Dates program with 32 teen mothers recruited from four community-based sites. We examined effect sizes of cross-sectional associations between IPV, social support, coparenting, and parenting, and of differences between the adapted program and the original on social support, coparenting, and parenting over 6 months. Effect sizes of associations were medium on average. Effect sizes on social support, coparenting, and parenting favored the adapted program over the original program and were medium to large. IPV prevention programs adapted for teen parents have the potential to support positive dynamics in their social relationships. These preliminary estimates can inform the design of larger research and intervention studies.

PROFESSIONAL RESILIENCE OF EDUCATORS IN UKRAINIAN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS DURING THE WAR: PATHWAYS FOR SUPPORT AND DEVELOPMENT

This article explores the profound impact of the Russian-Ukrainian war on Ukraine’s higher education system, with a particular focus on educators and their ability to maintain effectiveness in an environment marked by continuous stress and uncertainty. The war has created unprecedented challenges for educators, not only disrupting the traditional educational process but also affecting their psycho-emotional state. Educators are now required to navigate a complex and rapidly changing landscape where the physical and psychological effects of war are ever-present, making resilience a critical factor for their professional survival and success. The article delves into the psycho-emotional well-being of educators, examining the stresses they face in wartime, including the trauma associated with the conflict, the uncertainty of the future, and the pressure to maintain academic standards under duress. A significant portion of the article is dedicated to the analysis of how educators can build professional resilience through targeted professional development programs. These programs are designed to support educators by enhancing their teaching skills, maintaining their psycho-emotional equilibrium, and helping them to adapt the educational process to the extreme conditions of war. In particular, the article presents an original professional development program titled «Resilient Teaching During the War: Course Design, Time Management, and Techniques to Improve Psychological Well-being». This program was developed specifically for educators in Ukraine’s higher education institutions and was piloted from April to June 2024. The program focuses on equipping educators with practical tools for managing stress, adjusting their teaching methods to wartime realities, and maintaining a sense of stability in the classroom despite the external chaos caused by the war.The key outcomes of this program reveal that participation in the training sessions significantly improved educators’ capacity to adapt the educational process to the rapidly evolving conditions of war. Educators who underwent the training demonstrated an increased ability to handle stress, manage their time effectively, and apply new, innovative teaching strategies that are better suited to the challenges posed by the war. Moreover, the training contributed to an overall improvement in the psycho-emotional well-being of participants, which in turn positively influenced their professional performance and their interactions with students. This underscores the importance of providing educators with psycho-emotional support and resources to cope with the extreme pressures of teaching during a military conflict.In conclusion, the research emphasizes that professional development programs tailored to the needs of educators in war-torn regions are essential for fostering both professional and personal resilience. Such programs should prioritize not only the development of teaching skills but also offer robust support systems for managing stress and trauma. Furthermore, they should provide educators with innovative pedagogical methods that are flexible enough to be adapted to the changing demands of teaching in a conflict zone. The article argues that investing in the resilience and well-being of educators is not only crucial for maintaining the quality of education during the war but also for ensuring the long-term recovery and stability of Ukraine’s higher education system in the post-war period.

Science students’ understanding of the nature of science in higher education: A Norwegian case study

Views of the Nature of Science (NOS) among science students in higher education is investigated in a Norwegian university. The research utilizes the Views of the Nature of Science questionnaire version D+ (VNOS-D+), conducting a comprehensive analysis of NOS perspectives among 41 participants in STEM courses during the autumn semester of 2023. An overall decent understanding of NOS was found among all participating science students, regardless of gender, country of origin or study program. The mean values of the results for each aspect of NOS fluctuate between 1.39 and 2.68 on a scale from 0 (inadequate), 1 (naïve), 2 (transitional), to 3 (adequate) and are distributed rather homogeneously (x̄ = 2.02), although the aspect of law and theory stands out for its prevalence of naïve responses (x̄ = 1.39). No significant improvement in NOS understanding was observed with increased academic tenure in this study. The study shows promising usefulness of the VNOS-D+ questionnaire in higher education, as a valuable tool for gaining standardized insights into NOS perspectives. This research contributes to the discourse on science education by examining science students’ understandings of NOS in higher education in a previously rarely examined location.

Interventions’ transferability assessment to strengthen Vaccination Uptake Among Migrants in Greece

Abstract Background Migrant children in Greece face significantly lower vaccination coverage rates for MMR and HPV compared to their counterparts. To address this disparity, our research focuses on selecting and adapting evidence-based interventions tailored to the specific needs of different migrant communities staying in Greece, guided by the PIET-T framework. Methods Using a stakeholder-engaged approach, we involved 26 key stakeholders to select evidence-based interventions relevant to the Greek context. These interventions underwent detailed analysis, considering their effectiveness, cultural appropriateness, and potential for transferability within the PIET-T framework. Key stakeholders provided input on intervention feasibility and country- and context-specific adaptation. Results Three interventions were identified as promising for MMR and HPV vaccination uptake: two health promoter interventions and a school-based vaccination one. The health promoter intervention was adapted so to involve health professionals and trusted community members delivering culturally sensitive education and navigation support, addressing barriers such as language and lack of information. The original school-based program implements education sessions and on-site vaccinations, leveraging the trusted environment of schools to reach parents and children. On-site vaccinations were omitted since they were not relevant to the Greek context due to legal barriers. Conclusions Our stakeholder-engaged approach, guided by the PIET-T framework, ensures interventions are tailored to the specific needs and contexts of different migrant communities in Greece. By prioritizing cultural sensitivity and community involvement, we aim to enhance MMR and HPV vaccination uptake and improve health outcomes among migrant populations.

YouTube channel as a component of convergent media: role, influence and perspectives

The article aims to analyze the role of local media in shaping the public agenda during large-scale military actions in Ukraine and how to increase audience loyalty and engagement through convergent practices. In particular, the content, growth dynamics, target audience characteristics, and specific features of the YouTube channel Dnipro TV as a convergent media are considered. The city television channel has successfully transformed from a traditional broadcaster into a convergent media through its YouTube channel and other social networks. This has allowed it to expand its audience, maintain influence, and adapt to changes in the media landscape. It is noted that during two years of full-scale aggression, the number of subscribers to the Dnipro TV YouTube channel has nearly tripled. The channel hosts all the content produced by the creative team of Dnipro TV. The videos can be accessed directly from the YouTube page or via the respective section on the website. The chosen research period is characterized by, on the one hand, increased demand for local content from the city's TV channel audience due to the hostilities and security threats to the population. On the other hand, there is the involvement of the global community in events in Ukraine and the interest of displaced persons, with local content on the YouTube channel being accessible from any country. Thus, only 64.7 % of users watch videos on the YouTube channel from within Ukraine, while over 35 % view local content from other countries. The analysis also highlights changes in the audience's gender composition: before the war, women constituted the majority, while in 2023 and 2024, the male audience made up 54 %, compared to 45.9 % female. The convergent local media Dnipro TV attracts its audience with news broadcasts, a series of original programs, and talk shows, all of which can be found on YouTube and watched at a convenient time. We believe that the development of this channel as a convergent media with multiplatform content representation holds great promise.

Changes in Clinical Competence of Novice Physical Therapists During Their First Year of Employment: A Single Center Retrospective Observational Study in Japan

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to examine the development of clinical competence of novice physical therapists (PTs) during their first year of employment, following the implementation of an original in-house educational program. The educational program was designed to offer diverse training opportunities at an early stage, during the first year of employment. Methods: Thirty-eight novice PTs (21 males and 17 females, mean age 23.4 ± 3.2 years) participated in this study. All participants underwent educational programs and a self-assessment using the Clinical Competence Evaluation Scale in Physical Therapy (CEPT) on the first day of employment (entry-level) and after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months of employment. The total score and CEPT component-wise scores—“knowledge,” “clinical reasoning,” “skill,” “communication,” “attitude,” “self-education,” and “self-management”—at the 4 assessment points (1, 3, 6, and 12 months) were compared with values on the first day. Results: The total scores at 3, 6, and 12 months of employment were significantly higher than those on the first day of employment (P < .05). Among the total scores on the 7 components, those for “knowledge,” “clinical reasoning,” “skill,” and “communication” at 3, 6, and 12 months after employment were also significantly higher than those on the first day of employment (P < .05). The scores for “attitude” and “self-education” 12 months after employment were significantly higher than those on the first day of employment. However, the “self-management” scores at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after employment did not significantly change compared with those on the first day of employment. Conclusions: The total score was significantly higher after 3 months. The participant’s clinical competence may have improved because they participated in an educational program related to “knowledge,” “clinical reasoning,” “skills,” and “communication” at an earlier stage in the first year. However, their progress was comparatively slower in other areas, suggesting that the content might not have been sufficient. This study revealed the effectiveness of the educational program on novice PTs’ clinical competence at a single institution in Japan. Positive outcomes were obtained for several parameters. Furthermore, the results reveal the need for content modifications within the educational program to improve PTs’ performance across all evaluated items.

The effect of the Bilateral Integration exercise program on the cognitive functioning of pupils with moderate intellectual disabilities.

Children with intellectual disability tend to exhibit lower performance in fundamental movement skills, such as locomotor skills, object control skills, and balance, compared to their typically developing peers. Evidence suggests that physical activity programs tailored for individuals with intellectual disabilities can positively influence the development of their motor skills. Similar to typically developing children, physical activity in children with intellectual disabilities stimulates not only physical development, but also brain function, resulting in cognitive benefits. However, the extent of physical activity's impact on the cognitive functioning of this population remains insufficiently explored. The aim of our study was to assess the effectiveness of a motor exercise program based on the Bilateral Integration method implemented for pupils with moderate intellectual disabilities. The sample consisted of 27 pupils with moderate intellectual disability (13 in the intervention group and 14 in the control group) from two special schools in Poland. Pupils in the intervention group participated in a modified version of the Bilateral Integration School Program -a 26-week physical activity program that included both individual and group sessions. The assessment of cognitive functioning, using the Fifth Edition of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Subtests, was conducted over three time points in both groups: a pre-test before the intervention (T1), a post-test after the intervention phase end (T2) and a follow-up assessment three months after the post-test (T3). Significant effects of the intervention compared to the control group were observed in certain cognitive variables. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant group-by-time interaction for the Nonverbal Visual-Spatial Processing score, Nonverbal Working Memory score, as well as Verbal Fluid Reasoning. The original program based on the Bilateral Integration method proved effective for pupils with moderate intellectual disability. Preliminary results indicate improvements in cognition, particularly in working memory and visual-spatial processing. Further studies are necessary to assess the program's efficacy comprehensively.

Programming Numerical Methods in Turbo Basic

Numerical computing is an approach to solving complex mathematical problems, including solving complex systems of differential and simple equations, calculating complex integrals, etc., using only simple arithmetic operations. This approach involves formulating mathematical models of physical situations that can be solved using arithmetic operations. It requires the development, analysis, and use of algorithms, programmed in computer programming languages. The main task of using a numerical solution method is to find a solution with the required accuracy. Numerical methods are also used to approximate mathematical procedures because it is impossible to solve the procedure analytically, as the analytical method is unsolvable. In this article, the author presents original programs, written in Turbo Basic, which allow to numerically solve any differential equation, any system of differential equations, solve any equation and calculate complex integrals.

Syntax-preserving program slicing for C-based software product lines

Program slicing is a well-established technique for identifying a reduced subset of a program based on pre-defined criteria, leading to complexity reduction in subsequent activities. Despite extensive study over the past 40 years, slicing techniques for software product lines (SPLs) remain notably scarce. The absence of dedicated SPL slicing approaches hinders their efficient analysis and maintenance, limiting the ability to focus only on relevant parts of the SPL. One reason for this deficiency is the complex nature of a common variability implementation: the use of C preprocessor #ifdef-annotations within C code. A slicing approach for C-based SPLs must address the intricate interplay between the C code and the functionality introduced by the C preprocessor. Effectively handling these intricacies will unleash the full potential of SPL analysis. In this paper, we present a novel syntax-preserving program slicing approach for C-based SPLs. Unlike existing methods, our approach enables the computation of program slices through an integrated analysis of both C and CPP code, while preserving the original program syntax (no element of its syntax is disregarded or changed). This preservation ensures that the resulting program slices remain authentic subsets of the SPL, making them suitable inputs for variability-aware analyses. Additionally, we demonstrate the practical applicability of these slices in the context of software transplantation, showcasing their potential for facilitating functionality transfer between different program versions. In contrast to existing transplantation approaches, our solution works without test cases, removing the need for product configuration and execution. Consequently, the variability implementation (along with all other contained preprocessor code) is preserved during the transplantation. We empirically evaluate our approach on four distinct open-source SPLs, showcasing its effectiveness in generating diverse program slices tailored to different slicing criteria. We asses the accuracy of our code representation, the time required for slicing and transplantation, the size reduction achieved through the slices, and the functionality of our variability-aware transplantation approach.

Failure Mechanism and Control Technology of the Primary Support for Asymmetric Deformation Disaster of Deep Tunnel

Asymmetric large deformation disasters inevitably occur when highway tunnels cross active fault zones. Relying on the Nanlangshan No.1 Tunnel Project, the mechanism of asymmetric deformation is analyzed based on the in-situ engineering geology and tunnel monitoring data, and numerical calculations are used for verification. Based on the results of asymmetric large deformation disaster analysis, the control scheme of double-layer primary support is proposed, and the design is optimized with numerical calculation before engineering practice. The conclusions are as follows: 1. The original primary support program cannot withstand the asymmetric surrounding rock pressure, and the slip of the weak interlayer in the engineering geology is the main reason for the asymmetric deformation disaster in the tunnel. 2. According to the results of the numerical calculations, the tilted weak interlayer greatly reduces the stability of the surrounding rock, which leads to the local bending damage in the left shoulder of the tunnel, and the local shear deformation damage in the right arch girdle. 3. When using the double-layer primary support program, the appropriate delay of support timing for the second layer of primary support can effectively decrease the tunnel asymmetric deformation. However, if the second layer of primary support lag distance is too large, it will also lead to tunnel deformation convergence larger, or support failure and other issues. So, it is recommended that the second layer of primary support lags behind the first layer of primary support by 2 m to be applied.