Origin Of Elements Research Articles

Conocimientos sobre astronomía en estudiantes de educación secundaria en Colombia: una evaluación desde la fundación AstrodidaXis

An exploratory analysis of the astronomical knowledge of 241 secondary education students in Boyacá, Colombia, members of the AstrodidaXis network, was carried out using a qualitative, hermeneutic and exploratory methodology. This analysis was developed through a questionnaire aligned with the learning standards of the Ministry of National Education, as a basis for identifying areas of strength and weakness in astronomy concepts. The need to improve the understanding of various topics was highlighted, including the fundamental forces of the universe and the origin of chemical elements from the teaching of astronomy. These findings contributed to the construction of projections for the research and development of astronomy teaching in Boyacá, promoting the scientific, technological and social progress of the region.

Pathways to new exotic nuclei

The challenge of today’s nuclear physicists is to extend the nuclide chart. We produce and study exotic nuclei to understand the nature of the nuclear force, the origin of chemical elements in the universe and the energy production and evolution of stars. Beyond, exotic nuclei are used in various applications like medicine or compact power sources.

Periodic Table of the Elements, History, Education and Evaluation

The periodic tables of transition metal thiophosphates MPS3, transition metal dichalcogenides MX2 and other materials, the origin of chemical elements and toxic trace elements in dried mushrooms are provided. The effective nucleus-electron attraction is proportional to the effective nuclear charge (Zeff) and inversely proportional to the effective principal quantum number (n*). The periodic arch is one of many modern visual displays that have been developed to augment the traditional periodic table of the chemical elements. The table is related with the multiparameter optimisation of N atom, nuclear magnetic resonance and everyday life. Educational activities are developed with evaluation.

Nature of the Universe: Astrophysical Paradigm Shifts

Over my lifetime I have witnessed the decline of scientific capability and integrity in the physical sciences. When a new idea arises, it should be discussed and debated. Attempts should be made to refute the new idea; otherwise, it should be cited in subsequent literature. That is the way science progresses, not by attempting to suppress a new idea or failing that, to ignore it. But all too often, in instances of discoveries or insights that might cause major paradigm shifts, suppression or non-recognition is what happens. Here, I describe, from a first-person perspective, several paradigm shifts in astrophysics that have been systematically ignored, including the thermonuclear ignition of stars, the nature of dark matter, why vast numbers of galaxies have just a few prominent patterns of luminous stars, the origin of chemical elements, and a new speculation about the nature of the Universe.

New Concepts of the Origin of Chemical Elements on the Earth and in the Universe. Part 1

The formation of space began with the formation of the first star, and then the formation of our Solar System ensued. This is how the evolution of stars and planets, in which chemical elements are synthesized, is described. The dimensions of the system are determined by the relationship of atomic matter with physical vacuum and gravitational forces of attraction. Both micro- and macrosystems have their own oscillation frequencies, and thus a continuous spectrum of different frequencies emerges and fills the entire space of the Universe; resonance is the most plausible mechanism underlying the interactions of the oscillations of these micro- and macrosystems. The development of the material world proceeds from the simple to the complex. The frequency of electromagnetic radiation of atomic hydrogen precedes the frequency of radiation of all subsequent chemical elements of the periodic table, and the rhythms of each subsequent element are harmonized with the vibrations of the hydrogen atom according to the resonance relations. This study touches upon global issues regarding the origin of chemical elements with the whole set of their stable and radioactive isotopes and their prevalence in the Universe. Some aspects of the constancy of the speed of light and mode oscillations on the Sun, as well as Schumann resonances, are addressed. Vibration is the single connection and the single source of motion in all this diversity.

Interpreting elements and isotopes in glass: A review

Substantial databases of elemental and isotopic analyses of ancient glass exist and are used to investigate raw material origin, trade, exchange, and processes such as mixing and recycling. However, the chemistry of archaeological glass may be challenging to the untrained. The paper provides structured information on the origin of chemical elements and their isotopes in ancient glass. It details some of the functions of individual elements in the glass and from which raw material(s) or process(es) they originate.

Laboratory astrophysics for the interpretation of stellar spectra

AbstractHigh-resolution stellar spectra are important tools for studying the chemical evolution of the Milky Way Galaxy, tracing the origin of chemical elements, and characterizing planetary host stars. Large amounts of data have been accumulating, in particular in the optical and infrared wavelength regions. The observed spectral lines are interpreted using model spectra that are calculated based on transition data for numerous species, in particular neutral and singly ionized atoms. We rely heavily on the continuous activities of laboratory astrophysics groups that produce high-quality experimental and theoretical atomic data for the relevant transitions. We give examples for the precision with which the chemical composition of stars observed by different surveys can be determined, and discuss future needs from laboratory astrophysics.

GEOCHEMICAL STUDY OF THE URBAN AND SUBURBAN AREA OF NAFPLION CITY, ARGOLIDHA PREFECTURE, HELLAS

Soil, as the primary receptor of anthropogenic urban contamination acts as a sink for a variety of toxic and other hazardous substances. It constitutes, therefore, an indicator of contamination and may be utilised geochemically to assess environmental quality of urban and suburban areas. In Nafplion, an urban and suburban area of 50 km2 , was investigated using for the first time in Hellas an integrated approach with all available geoscientific techniques to make an in-depth environmental impact assessment. One of these techniques was applied geochemistry, which mapped the geochemistry of surface soil (0-10 cm) with 144 samples, collected on a regular grid of 500 x 500 km. The following fifty determinands were measured on the soil samples: Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, Ge, Hg, K, La, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Nb, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, Re, S, Sb, Sc, Se, Sn, Sr, Ta, Te, Th, Ti, Tl, U, V, W, Y, Zn, Zr, pH, electrical conductivity and grain-size distribution. The aim of the geochemical study was to distinguish, as far as possible, the origin of chemical elements, and (i) to classify them as geogenic or anthropogenic; (ii) to delineate contaminated areas, and (iii) to assess potential future impacts of human activities on soil. Interpretation of the resulting geochemical patterns has shown that those of Al, Fe, Be, Ce, Cr, Co, Ga, Ge, K, La, Li, Mg, Nb, Ni, Rb, Sc, Sr, Tl, V, Y, W and Zr are of geogenic origin, since they are directly related to parent rocks, whereas patterns of As, B, Ba, Bi, Ca, Cd, Cu, Mn, Mo, Na, P, Pb, S, Sb, Sn, Th, U and Zn are interpreted as being of dual origin, geogenic and anthropogenic. In this paper, the geochemical distribution of only five elements shall be described, i.e., Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni and Na. This case study was indeed very interesting, since for the interpretation of some patterns, even the military history of the area had to be unravelled.

Development of George Gamow to the «Theory of great explosion»

This article considers the key-ideas for modern scientific understanding of the origin and evolution of the Universe. George Gamow is one of the first scientists to create the theory of the Big Bang the theory of great explosion. Gamow is a famous physicist who came from the city of Odessa (Ukraine) andgot interested in the origin of chemical elements. He suggested that in the past of the Universe before it had been created by the «Big Bang» (the theory of great explosion), the Universe had had much more substantial density and higher temperature than now. He was the first person to focus on unique properties of the Universe and to suggest existence of cosmic microwave background (CMB). The following disclosure of the CMB started the era of modern cosmology.

Structure of 8B and astrophysical S17 factor

Nuclear structure data are of crucial importance in order to address important astrophysical problems such as the origin of chemical elements, the inner working of our sun and the evolution of stars. We demonstrate this by investigating the ground-state structure of 8B and 7Be nuclei within the Skyrme Hartree–Fock framework and by calculating the overlap integral of 8B and 7Be wavefunctions. The latter is used to calculate the astrophysical S factor (S17) for the solar fusion reaction 7Be(p, γ)8B.

The Nucleus of the Atom

WE have received a symposium entitled “The Nucleus of the Atom and its Structure” from the Ohio State Chapter of the Sigma Xi Society which contains a quantity of information not easily accessible in collected form (Columbus, O.: Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, 1935, pp. 104, 1 dollar). W. F. G. Swarm contributes an account of cosmic rays in which he explains his theory of particles producing secondaries frequently at first and less frequently as they lose energy in penetrating the earth's atmosphere. He also speculates on the origin of the energy of the charged particles. M. L. Pool contributes an article on the energies and products involved in nuclear disintegration and synthesis, which contains a number of extremely useful tables and data on these processes. H. L. Johnston summarises the uses of deuterium as a research tool in physics, chemistry and biology. E. O. Lawrence gives a historical survey of artificial radioactivity and an account of recent work in the California laboratory on this subject. G. Gamow contributes a short article on nuclear transformation and the origin of chemical elements which discusses the astrophysical aspect of nuclear reactions.