Origanum Compactum Research Articles

ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECTIVENESS OF SELECTED MOROCCAN ESSENTIAL OILS AGAINST THE HIGHLY VIRULENT JP2 CLONE OF AGGREGATIBACTER ACTINOMYCETEMCOMITANS

<p><strong>Objective: </strong><em>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans </em>(<em>Aa</em>) serotype b JP2 clone is a highly virulent strain, considered as a major etiologic agent in aggressive periodontitis in patients of African descent, such as Moroccan adolescents. Antibiotics have been and continue to be the only effective treatment of periodontal infections caused by this periodontal bacterium. However, today there is enough scientific evidence on the existence of an increased resistance of oral bacteria to antibiotics. Therefore, the search for new natural agents, that are safe and effective, such "essential oils," has become a necessity. The present study was conducted to evaluate the <em>in vitro</em> antibacterial activities of three selected essential oils from Moroccan aromatic medicinal plants (<em>Origanum compactum</em>, <em>Thymus vulgaris</em> and <em>Cymbopogon martinii</em>) against clinical Moroccan isolate of <em>Aa </em>JP2 strain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Antibacterial activity of essential oils was investigated using agar well diffusion method, then measured using broth microdilution method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All the selected essential oils exhibited significant antibacterial activity on the highly pathogenic JP2 strain of <em>Aa</em>. Essential oil of <em>Origanum compactum</em> was found to be the most effective with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 0.03% (v/v) and a minimum bactericidal concentration value (MBC) of 0.07%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present findings indicate the possibility of exploiting these essential oils as potential antimicrobial agents in treatment of aggressive periodontitis associated to this pathogen.</p>

Essential oils of Origanum compactum and Thymus vulgaris exert a protective effect against the phytopathogen Allorhizobium vitis

Essential oils of Origanum compactum and Thymus vulgaris exert a protective effect against the phytopathogen Allorhizobium vitis

Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants from El-Jadida City (Morocco)

Abstract : BRIGUICHE. H, ZIDANE. L. Floristic And Ethnobotanical Studies Of Medicinal Plants Of The City Of El -Jadida (MOROCCO). In the framework of the ethnobotanical studies on medicinal plants undertaken by the Laboratory of Biodiversity and Natural Resources of the Faculty of Sciences of Kenitra (Morocco), we are interested in the area of El Jadida which presents a rather important floristic richness thanks to changes in its ecological conditions By using 204 questionnaire, the ethnobotanical surveys were conducted in the field during the years 2012-2013. The location of the different sampling sites was determined by the stratified sampling method. The analysis of the results obtained from the questionnaires and forms using statistical processing allowed us to identify 70 plant species distributed in 69 genera and 37 families. These results also show that most of these species are mainly used in the care of the digestive system and respiratory system. The seed is the most used part in local traditional medicines and the decoction is the most frequent mode with a rate of 31%. The species Origanum compactum is the most used by the population of the city of El Jadida 47 quotes.

Essential oils as prospective fumigants against Tetranychus urticae Koch

The efficacy of essential oils (EOs) obtained from 18 aromatic plant species against Tetranychus urticae, an important pest of greenhouse crops, was studied under in vitro conditions. The EOs were applied by fumigation in a highest tested concentration of 15μlL−1.Based on the comparison of lethal doses, the most efficient EO was selected, obtained from Ocimum basilicum (LC50=0.6μlL-1; LC90=5.9μlL-1). Females found in an area with EO fumes laid significantly fewer eggs compared to the control. Oviposition was most inhibited by the fumes of EOs from Ocimum basilicum, Mentha spicata, M. arvensis, M. pulegium, Origanum majorana, and Origanum compactum, which showed fertility inhibition higher than 80%. Short-term exposure of eggs to the fumes of some EOs caused their high mortality. The highest ovicidal effect was observed for the EO obtained from M. spicata (LC50=0.3μl.L-1; LC90=1.7μlL-1). A comparison of the biological efficacy and chemical composition of the EOs revealed that EOs containing a major share of oxygenated monoterpenes had much higher activity. Based on the results of acute and ovicidal toxicity, EOs obtained from M. spicata and O. basilicum, including their major compounds, linalool and carvone, were selected as active substances suitable for the development of botanical acaricides applied by fumigation.

EVALUATION OF THE GENOTOXICITY OF ESSENTIAL OIL FROM ORIGANUM COMPACTUM BENTH. IN HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES

<p>ABSTRACT<br />Objective: Essential oils with antimicrobial and antioxidant activities have gained importance. This study was conducted to investigate the genotoxic<br />potential of the essential oil of Origanum compactum.<br />Methods: Micronucleus test and proliferation index (PI) were used to evaluate the genotoxic effect of the essential oil of O. compactum on human<br />lymphocytes.<br />Results: The results demonstrated that the PI values were influenced by the tested essential oil. An increase in concentration of essential oil also<br />caused the appearance of micronuclei.<br />Conclusion: The results of the present work suggest that O. compactum essential oil exhibited genotoxic activity at higher concentration. Further<br />studies are necessary to confirm these findings.<br />Keywords: Origanum compactum, Human lymphocytes, Proliferation index, Micronucleus test.</p>

Mixture design of Origanum compactum, Origanum majorana and Thymus serpyllum essential oils: Optimization of their antibacterial effect

Several studies have revealed the efficiency of essential oils as natural antimicrobial agents in foods. However, limited reports describe the synergistic or antagonistic effects of their combinations. The aim of this study was to investigate the combined antibacterial effect of three Moroccan essential oils (Origanum compactum, Origanum majorana and Thymus serpyllum) and to predict the optimal combination using the mixture design approach coupled to microdilution assay, for the first time to our knowledge. The chemical composition of the oils under study was also explored.The experimental antibacterial activity exhibited by the essential oils mixtures depended on the proportion of each oil in the combination and on the target strain. Moreover, the response surface analysis showed significant synergistic effects in some binary and ternary mixtures. The optimal mixture predicted against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus corresponded to 28%, 30% and 42% of O. compactum, O. majorana and T. serpyllum, respectively. While the optimal mixture predicted against Escherichia coli was composed by O. compactum and O. majorana essential oils at 75% and 25%, respectively. Our findings demonstrated the usefulness of mixture design in the estimation of antibacterial interaction of essential oils. The synergistic effect showed for some combinations may contribute to their successful application as natural preservatives in foods.

Origanum compactum Benth: A Review on Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties

Origanum compactum Benth (O. compactum) is an important aromatic and medicinal plant in Morocco. It use as a culinary condiment and largely employed in popular medicine for the treatment of ailments. Several studies recently conducted have demonstrated that O. compactum posses an antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-mutagenic, cytotoxic, anticancer, and anti-corrosion activities. Phytochemical investigations of this genus have resulted in the extraction of a number of important bioactive compounds. This emphasizes on the need of extensive study for reporting the additional information on mechanism of action of this effects.

In vitro study of anti-glycation and radical scavenging activities of the essential oils of three plants from Morocco: Origanum compactum, Rosmarinus officinalis and Pelargonium asperum

Introduction: We have carried out our study on the chemical composition; anti-glycation andradical scavenging activities of Origanum compactum, Rosmarinus officinalis and Pelargonium asperum essential oils (EO) that were harvested in the northeast of Morocco. These plants have been traditionally used in medicine as a chief ingredient of many polyherbal formulations for the treatment of several pathologies. Method: The phytochemical study was revealed by GC-MS. The protein glycation inhibitory activity of EO extracted from these plant tissues was evaluated in vitro using the model system of bovine serum albumin and methylglyoxal. The measure of DPPH • radical reducing power was used to evaluate the antiradical activity. To test each fraction, we used the IC50 value previously obtained for the crude oils. Results: The phytochemical study of these essential oils showed that p-Thymol, Eucalyptol and Citronellal were respectively the major components in the three investigated EO of O.compactum, R. officinal is and P. asperum. More than 90% of the total components were detected. The extracts and fractions with glycation inhibitory activity also showed antiradical activity when the DPPH • radical reducing power was measured. Conclusion: The glycation inhibitory activity was correlated with the antiradical potency of the extracts. Thus, the positive glycation inhibitory and antiradical activities of these plants might suggest a possible role in targeting aging and diabetic complications.The presence of various bioactive compounds confirms the application of these plants for various diseases by traditional practitioners. However, isolation of individual phytochemical constituents may proceed to find a novel drug.

Commercial Origanum compactum Benth. and Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume essential oils against natural mycoflora in Valencia rice

Chemical composition of commercial Origanum compactum and Cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oils and the antifungal activity against pathogenic fungi isolated from Mediterranean rice grains have been investigated. Sixty-one compounds accounting for more than 99.5% of the total essential oil were identified by using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Carvacrol (43.26%), thymol (21.64%) and their biogenetic precursors p-cymene (13.95%) and γ-terpinene (11.28%) were the main compounds in oregano essential oil, while the phenylpropanoids, eugenol (62.75%), eugenol acetate (16.36%) and (E)-cinnamyl acetate (6.65%) were found in cinnamon essential oil. Both essential oils at 300 μg/mL showed antifungal activity against all tested strains. O. compactum essential oil showed the best antifungal activity towards Fusarium species and Bipolaris oryzae with a total inhibition of the mycelial growth. In inoculated rice grains at lower doses (100 and 200 μg/mL) significantly reduced the fungal infection, so O. compactum essential oil could be used as ecofriendly preservative for field and stored Valencia rice.

Antiproliferative activity of Origanum compactum extract on lung cancer and hepatoma cells

Natural products have been shown to present interesting biological and pharmacological activities and are used as cancer preventive and therapeutic agents. Plants have historically been used in treating cancer and are recognized for their ability to produce secondary metabolites. Origanum compactum Benth. (Lamiaceae) is a well-known Moroccan plant with cancer-related ethnobotanical use. Previously, we demonstrated that ethyl acetate extract of O. compactum had antiproliferative potential on human breast tumor MCF-7 cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate if the antiproliferative effect of this extract was similar for diverse human cancer cell lines such as A549 lung cancer and SMMC-7721 hepatoma cells. Furthermore, this study essentially focused on the intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. Antiproliferative activity was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide on A549 and SMMC-7721 cells. The characterization of the mechanisms involved in this effect was determined by lactate dehydrogenase test, apoptosis assays and protein expression analyses. Our present work has shown that this extract remarkably inhibited proliferation of A549 (IC50: 198 ± 12 μg/ml) and SMMC-7721 (IC50: 266 ± 14 μg/ml) cells. The characterization of antiproliferative activity demonstrated that this extract was an apoptosis inducer in both cell lines tested. The results of protein expression analyses have shown in A549 cells that this extract activated caspase signaling triggered by the modulation of Bcl-2 family proteins. These results suggest that these natural extract-induced effects may have novel therapeutic applications for the treatment of various cancer types.

Synergistic effect of gamma (γ)-irradiation and microencapsulated antimicrobials against Listeria monocytogenes on ready-to-eat (RTE) meat

Oregano essential oil (Origanum compactum; 250 μg/ml), cinnamon essential oil (Cinnamomum cassia; 250 μg/ml) and nisin (16 μg/ml) were used alone or in combination to evaluate their efficiency to inhibit the growth of Listeria monocytogenes on RTE ham. Microencapsulation of the antimicrobial formulations was done to verify the potential effect of the polymer to protect the antimicrobial efficiency during storage. Combined treatments of antimicrobial formulation with γ-irradiation were done to verify the synergistic effect against L. monocytogenes. Microencapsulation of essential oils-nisin and γ-irradiation treatment in combination showed synergistic antimicrobial effect during storage on RTE meat products. Microencapsulated cinnamon and nisin in combination with γ-irradiation (at 1.5 kGy) showed 0.03 ln CFU/g/day growth rate of L. monocytogenes whereas the growth rate of non-microencapsulated cinnamon and nisin in combination with γ-irradiation was 0.17 ln CFU/g/day. Microencapsulation significantly (P ≤ 0.05) improved the radiosensitivity of L. monocytogenes. Microencapsulated oregano and cinnamon essential oil in combination with nisin showed the highest bacterial radiosensitization 2.89 and 5, respectively, compared to the control.

Rhamnolipids as emulsifying agents for essential oil formulations: Antimicrobial effect against Candidaalbicans and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

This work examines the influence of essential oil composition on emulsification with rhamnolipids and their use as therapeutic antimicrobial agents against two opportunistic pathogens, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Candida albicans. Rhamnolipids, produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with waste frying oil as the carbon source, were composed of eight rhamnolipid homologues. The rhamnolipid mixture was used to produce emulsions containing essential oils (EOs) of Melaleuca alternifolia, Cinnamomum verum, Origanum compactum and Lavandula angustifolia using the titration method. Ternary phase diagrams were designed to evaluate emulsion stability, which differed depending on the essential oil. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the EOs alone and the emulsions was evaluated. The antimicrobial activity presented by the essential oils alone increased with emulsification. The surface properties of rhamnolipids contribute to the positive dispersion of EOs and thus increase their availability and antimicrobial activity against C. albicans and S. aureus. Therefore, rhamnolipid-based emulsions represent a promising approach to the development of EO delivery systems.

Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by people in Oriental Morocco to manage various ailments

Ethnopharmacological relevanceThis document presents the uses of plants in traditional herbal medicines in Oriental Morocco. It also determines the homogeneity of informant knowledge in medicinal plants suitable for different ailment categories and the most preferred plant species used to treat each illness category in the study area. Materials and methodsThe ethnobotanical information was obtained from 3151 inhabitants who were 20 years and older in five different areas of Oriental Morocco region. The data were analyzed through informant consensus factor (ICF) and frequency of uses (FC). ResultsThe results indicated that 65.7% of the participants interviewed used medicinal plants to treat 23 ailments. The inventory of medicinal plants is summarized in a synoptic table, which contains the scientific and vernacular names of the plant, the part of the plant and the preparation used and the therapeutic indication. Extensive investigations have brought to light 148 medicinal plants belonging to 60 families; of these, 108 are used for the disorders of the digestive system, 74 for diabetes, 73 for dermatological problems, 66 for allergy, 66 for cardiovascular disorders and 63 for respiratory problems. In this region, the most frequently used plants including Origanum compactum Benth., Trigonella foenum graecum L., Lavandula dentata L., Mentha pulegium L., Nigella sativa L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Lippia citriodora L., Tetraclinis articulata Benth., and Atemisia herba-alba Asso. Lamiaceae and Asteraceae are the dominant locally used families. Most medicines were prepared in the form of powder and used orally. Leaves were the most frequently used plant part. Gastro-intestinal ailments have high ICF (0.92) whereas pathologies of the circulatory and ophthalmological uses have low ICF (0.22 and 0.24, respectively). ConclusionOriental Morocco boasts an extensive phytotherapy knowledge base and ICF values indicated that there was high agreement in the use of plants in gastro-intestinal ailment category among the users. The frequency use value (FC) indicated that these plants are the most preferred species used in study areas. These preferred plant species could be prioritized for conservation and subjected to further studies related to chemical screening for their authenticity.

Effect of Thymus vulgaris and Origanum compactum essential oils on the shelf life of fresh goat cheese

We have carried out our study on the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Thymus vulgaris and Origanum compactum essential oils that were harvested in the northeast of Morocco. Carvacrol was the major component in the two investigated essential oils. A high antimicrobial activity has been shown on all tested bacterial strains. The effect of the incorporation of these two essential oils at concentrations of 0.05% and 0.1% on physicochemical, microbiological and sensorial characteristics of goat fresh cheese stored at 8°C has also been studied. No significant differences have been showed between control and aromatized cheeses with respect to pH, titrable acidity, dry matter, lactic acid bacteria and aerobic mesophylic flora. However, coliforms were completely inhibited by the presence of both essential oils from the first storage day. Shelf life estimation has been determined by the reparameterized Gompertz equation by monitoring the growth of molds and yeasts. Origanum compactum essential oil was more effective on extending the shelf life of fresh goat cheese than Thymus vulgaris essential oil. Nevertheless, the aromatized cheese with Thymus vulgaris essential oil was the most appreciated by the tasting panel.

Antifungal Activity and Anti-Corrosion Inhibition of Origanum Compactum Extracts

Antifungal Activity and Anti-Corrosion Inhibition of Origanum Compactum Extracts

Comparative efficacy of Zataria multiflora Boiss., Origanum compactum and Eugenia caryophyllus essential oils against E. coli O157:H7, feline calicivirus and endogenous microbiota in commercial baby-leaf salads

Ready-to-eat salads using baby-leaf and multi-leaf mixes are one of the most promising developments in the fresh-cut food industry. There is great interest in developing novel decontamination treatments, which are both safe for consumers and more efficient against foodborne pathogens. In this study, emulsions of essential oils (EOs) from Origanum compactum (oregano), Eugenia caryophyllus (clove), and Zataria multiflora Boiss (zataria) were applied by spray (0.8ml) after the sanitizing washing step. The aim was to investigate their ability to control the growth of potentially cross-contaminating pathogens and endogenous microbiota in commercial baby leaves, processed in a fresh-cut produce company. Zataria EO emulsions of 3%, 5% and 10% reduced Escherichia coli O157:H7 by 1.7, 2.2 and 3.5 log cfu/g in baby-leaf salads after 5days of storage at 7°C. By contrast, reductions in E. coli O157:H7 counts remained the same when clove was applied at concentrations of 5% and 10% (2.5 log cfu/g reduction). Oregano (10%) reduced inoculated E. coli O157:H7 counts in baby-leaf salads by a maximum of 0.5 log cfu/g after 5days of storage. Zataria showed strong antimicrobial efficacy against E. coli O157:H7 and also against the endogenous microbiota of baby-leaf salads stored for 9days. Feline calicivirus (FCV), a norovirus surrogate, survived on inoculated baby-leaf salads during refrigerated storage (9days at 7°C) regardless of treatment. Refrigeration temperatures completely annulled the effectiveness of the EOs against FCV inoculated in baby-leaf salads as occurred in FCV cultures. This study shows that EOs, and zataria in particular, have great potential use as an additional barrier to reduce contamination-related risks in baby-leaf salads. However, further research should be done into foodborne viruses in order to improve food safety.

In VitroAntibacterial Activity of Essential Oils againstStreptococcus pyogenes

Streptococcus pyogenes plays an important role in the pathogenesis of tonsillitis. The present study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activities of 18 essential oils chemotypes from aromatic medicinal plants against S. pyogenes. Antibacterial activity of essential oils was investigated using disc diffusion method. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of essential oils showing an important antibacterial activity was measured using broth dilution method. Out of 18 essential oils tested, 14 showed antibacterial activity against S. pyogenes. Among them Cinnamomum verum, Cymbopogon citratus, Thymus vulgaris CT thymol, Origanum compactum, and Satureja montana essential oils exhibited significant antibacterial activity. The in vitro results reported here suggest that, for patients suffering from bacterial throat infections, if aromatherapy is used, these essential oils, considered as potential antimicrobial agents, should be preferred.

Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal plants used in the traditional treatment of diabetes mellitus in the North Western and South Western Algeria

In this study, the medicinal plants used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus were inventoried. The ethnopharmacological information was obtained from 470 patients suffering from diabetes mellitus in different areas in the North Western and South Western Algeria; 266 of them were of type 2 diabetes. The results indicated that only 28.30% of patients interviewed used medicinal plants as treatment alone or in association with the conventional treatment of diabetes. 60 medicinal plants belonging to 32 families were cited, of which the most cited were: Trigonella foenum-graecum (56 citations), Rosmarinus officinalis (27 citations), Citrullus colocynthis (22 citations), Tetraclinis articulata (21 citations), Artemesia herba alba (20 citations), Origanum compactum (16 citations) andPunica granatum (16 citations). The plants families’ which contained the most commonly used species and their antidiabetic effects were: Asteraceae (8 species), Lamiaceae (8 species) and Apiaceae (4 species). Among these medicinal plants, five plants were known to be toxic: Nerium oleander, C. colocynthis, Zygophyllum album, Nigella sativa andPeganum harmala. Key words: Ethnopharmacological survey, medicinal plants, traditional medicine, diabetes mellitus, Algeria.

The antimicrobial effect of Origanum compactum essential oil, nisin and their combination against Escherichia coli in tryptic soy broth (TSB) and in sheep natural sausage casings during storage at 25 and 7°C

The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial effect of oregano essential oil (EO) at 0.015, 0.03 or 0.06%, nisin at 800 or 1600 IU/g, and their combination on Escherichia coli in tryptic soy broth (TSB) and in sheep natural sausage casings. At 0.015%, EO presented a weak antibacterial activity against the pathogen in TSB. Consequently, only the levels of 0.03 and 0.06% were examined in casings. EO at 0.03 or 0.06% showed an inhibitory activity against E. coli O157:H7, E. coli ATCC 25922 and E. coli cocktail during storage at 25°C and at 7° C in casings. Treatment of casings or in TSB with nisin at 800 or 1600 IU/g did not show any antibacterial activity against E. coli strains. Synergy between EO and nisin was observed in both TSB and natural casings. The combination of EO at 0.03 or 0.06% and nisin at 800 or 1600 IU/g presented an additive effect against the pathogen, during storage at 25°C and at 7°C. Key words : Oregano essential oil, nisin, natural casings, biopreservative, Escherichia coli

The antimicrobial effect of Origanum compactum essential oil, nisin and their combination against Escherichia coli in tryptic soy broth (TSB) and in sheep natural sausage casings during storage at 25 and 7°C

The antimicrobial effect of Origanum compactum essential oil, nisin and their combination against Escherichia coli in tryptic soy broth (TSB) and in sheep natural sausage casings during storage at 25 and 7°C